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About Daily chronicle & sentinel. (Augusta, Ga.) 1837-1876 | View Entire Issue (Jan. 4, 1848)
balance. The earnings of freight in foreign commerce by our crews and vessels are not brought into the ac count, or often against us, when invested in foreign imports. The profits ol exchanging our imports, or of foreign products, do not appear in the balance, or, if so, to a very limited extent, or often against us. Tnus an American merchant ships from Boston a car go of ice during the winter, valued at that time, as an export, at a very small sum. He sends it to Calcut ta, and sells it at an advance of perhaps a thousand per cent. The proceeds he may invest there in the purchase of goods, which he can bring to Liverpool, and probably sell at a profit of twenty or thirty per cent.; and the aggregate profits realized at Calcutta and Liverpool he takes home in specie, or in imports, or in a bill cf exchange, which he probably sells at a premium for remittance. Yet these profits may never appear, or may even appear as an unfavorable bal ance, under the head of imports. Upon the same fallacious theory, if instead ot pur chasing millions of foreign fabrics from the profits of foreign commerce, such valuable foreign articles were presented gratuitously to the American merchant and brought by him into the country, they would swell this alleged unfavorable balance of trade. To sura up the result, as proven by the tables of the Trea sur} r , it appears that, if the augmentation was in the same ratio as during the last fiscal year, since the repeal of the tariff of 1842, our domestic exports in 1849 would exceed those of any other nation ; and our imports in 1851, our specie in 1850, our tonnage in 1851, and if our revenue augmented in the same ratio in succeeding years as in the year ending on the Ist of December, 1847, compared with the pre ceding year, our revenue from duties in 1854 would exceed that of any other nation from the same source. It is not contended, great as the future augmentation may be as to imports or exports, tonnage, specie and revenue, that the advance will be so rapid as it was this year, when, with the shackles stricken from com merce, we bounded forward at such a wonderful rate of progress. But that the increase under low duties in a series of years will be regular, rapid, and pi o gressive, is not doubted. Before the repeal of the British corn laws, the argument hero for high duties was as a measure of retaliation, by closing our mar kets against British fabrics, to force her to open her ports to our Lreadstulfs and provisions. Well, she has thus opened her ports freely, and invites the ex change ; and yet it is still contended that we ought to keep out her fabrics by high duties, and of course induce her to re-establish her corn laws. This is a new commercial era, and there are many causes combining at this time to augmeni trade among nations—the reduction or repeal of duties, the construc tion of railroads and canals to bring the products and fabrics of all nations from the interior to the seaboard, with ocean steamers in addition to sailing vessels to facilitate and hasten the exchange, and with China, containing nearly one-third of the population of the globe, brought at last within the range of liberal ex changes at low duties. Our canals and railroads, bringing our own products and fabrics from the interior to the seaboard or lakes and rivers of the West, the points of distribution for domestic consumption, as well as for shipment in exchange for the fabrics of other nations, ol great and increasing im(>ortance. With out these roads and canals there are very many points where coal and lime and iron, and other materials, could not be brought together for profitable use in the same establishment; there are many farms and manufactories whose products and fabrics could never have found a market, and the coal and iron of Fenn syl van in and of other States must have remained al most a useless treasure. This, in itself, is a great change in favor of our domestic industry, and is a lar belter protection to all the products and fabrics of American labor than any restriction which may be imposed by high tariffs; and, in truth dispenses with even the pretext for any such policy, which when the internal communication has brought our own products or fabrics upon tue sea board, would arrest their exchange there for the pro ductions of the world. The doctrine that we cannot encounter foreign cargoes in fair ami open competition is as erroneous and injurious to the national character as were the fears of some in 1812 that our gallant navy must be retained within our ports and harbors under the protection of their forts and ordnance, and dare not venture upon the ocean to meet on equal terms, gun for gun, and man for man, the navies of the world. If our country is inferior, and cannot meet, at home and abroad upon equal terms, the products and fabrics of other nations, it is time that we should prepare to do so. Protection may exclude rival fa brics and shrink from the encounter , but we can only assume the position of an equal by Irving our strength under free trade or low duties. This we have done and succeeded and have thereby placed our own industry upon that solid basis w hich fears no competi tion. We knew not our strength until it had been tried by low duties, and proved that protection is unneces sary. We are not inferior to other nations in the arts or sciences, in war or in peace, upon the ocean or the land, in agriculture, commerce, manufactures, or navigation. We have the raw material in greater abundance and at a lower price, cheaper subsistence more mineral wealth, more fertile lands, yielding from a better soil and w armer sun, more to the acre and greater variety of products, with exemption ’ from costly government and oppressive internal taxation ; at least equal skill, enterprise, industry, energy, perseve rance, and inventive genius; our working freemen more vigorous and intelligent, and performing in a day more effective labor, with better and freer institutions, and with public and individual prosperity, and capi tal augmenting in a greater ratio than in any other nation. We require no protection, because our indus try and prosperity repose upon the immovable basis of superior advantages; and advancing, as we are, more rapidly than any other nation, in all the elements of wealth and power, our exports, imports, t milage and specie, as has been already proved, will soon exceed those of any other country, and the prices bs regu lated at the creditor city of New-York. Restrictions upon th» commerce of the Union are especially re stn-iions upon her commerce, and have impeded her advance towards her destiny—predicted in my last report —as the centre and emporium of the commerce of the world. For that high positi she possessess more natural advantages and greter elements of aug menting wealth and business than any other city. Let us remove the obstructions which high tariffs have erected round her magnificent harbor. Let her have free scope to develope her transcendant natural advantages, and she must become the depot of univer sal commerce, where international balance sheets will be adjusted, and assorted products and fabrics ofall na tions interchanged ; the great regulator of prices cur rent, and the barometer ofthe exchanges of the world. The time is approaching when a bill upon New-York will bring a higher premium than a bill upon any other city, and when the tribute of millions of dollars, paid by us to other nations upon exchange, shall be paid by them to ns, and flow into our own great corn men ial emporium. Whilst New-York must contain a large population, as well as New-Orleans, the prin cipal depot of the mighty West, and many other cities, they will be small indeed, compared with the masses of the people of the Union, who will go on aug menting in a corresponding ratio, still leaving an im mense majority of the nation engaged in agricultural pursuits, and supplying with their products not only our own markets, but those of other nations, in an ever-increasing ratio, by reciprocal exchanges under free trade or low duties. Although it must gratify all our people that an American city should become the centre ofuniversal commerce, the advantages will not be limited to that place ; but all the people, and cities, and States of the Union will feel the favorable effects of this great revolution. Every branch of our industry will be enlarged and invigorated; and foreign cities having ceased to control our commerce or currency, will no longer sink at their pleasure and with their revulsions, as heretofore, and as they now do, the price of our products. Other Atlantic' cities may not be as greatas New-York, yet they will all be greater whonthe emporium ofuniversal commerce shall be here, than they would have been with any foreign city occupying that commanding position.— This destiny we can never accomplish if commerce is restricted here, and our industry, instead of seeking for its products and fabrics the markets of more than a thousand millions of people, retires within our home market, confined to twenty-one millions of people, and surrenders without an effort the markets and commerce of the world. A liberal commercial policy is essential to the fulfilment of this great destiny of New-York and of the Union; but above and beyond all, the Union itself —the free-trade Union—its perpe tuity and onward progress in area, wealth and popu lation, are necessary to the accomplishment of these grand results. Upon this point, sectional fanatics, few' in number at home, and despots abroad concur ring with them may hope or menace ; but the Ame rican Union is a moral and physical, a political and commercial necessity, and never can or will be dis solved. As well might we attempt to decompose the great element of nature which holds together the planets, suns, and systems ofthe universe, as hope to sever the links of mighty lakes and rivers, of ever-ex tending telegraphs, railroads, and canals; of free trade, of intercourse, of interest, of love and affection, of the glories of the past, the present, aud the future, which must forever bind together the American Union. Indeed, when we look upon the American revolution, the framingofour constitution, the addition of Louisiana, Florida, Texas and Oregon—our ever extending area, projects, and population, our triumphs in war and peace—we must be blind to the past and close our eyes upon the fulfilling realities ofthe future, if we cannot perceive and gratefully acknowledge that a higher than any earthly power still guards and directs our destiny, impels us onward, and has se lected our great and happy country as a model and ultimate centre of attraction for all the nations of the world. R. J. WALKER, Secretary of the Treasury. Hon. George M. Dallas, Vice-President ofthe United States , CHRONICLE & SENTINEL. sy J. W. & W. S. JONES. □ AIL'S, TRI WEEKLY & WEEKLY. OFFICE IN KAIL ROAD BANK BUILDING TERMS —Daily Paper, per annum, in advance ••SlO Tri-Weekly Paper, “ “ “ " 5 Weekly, (a mammoth sheet) “ •• 2 ('ASH SYSTEM. —In no case will an order for the piper be attended to, unless accompanied with the money, and in every instancewhen the time for w’hich any subscription may be paid, expires before the re ceipt of funds to renew the same, the paper will f e discontinued. Depreciated funds received at value in this city. AUGUSIIA, G-A: TUESDAY MORNING, JAN. 4, 1848. The Mails from the North are still in sad condition. Last night we had one mail through from New York of the 29th ult., and three from Richmond to the Ist inst. We have, however, by Telegraph dates from New York to the 31st nit. inclusive, which will be found under the appropriate head. The Legislature adjourned on Thursday last, but in consequence of the absence of our regular correspondent, and the failure of one engaged by him to forward us regular reports, we are without any account of their proceed ings. Acknowledging the Corn. The Augusta Chronicle & Sentinel that, before the election, saw in our increasing corn trade with Eng land no other cause but fatnine, begins now to sing sweetly the following strain. Under date of the 23d inst, it says : “ A great many thousand bales of cot ton have been shipped from Augusta to Liverpool. — The day for exporting thence Wheat, Flouh, Oorn meal, Provisions, and Wool, isctosE at hand.” Is our cotoraporarv prophecying the people of Great Britain info another famine ? No. For it thus argues, to promote the clearing of the Savannah river, of course for a PERMANENT FOREIGN CORN TRADE ! Do you give it up, neighbor? —Southern Banner. Give up what ? We go most unhesitatingly “for a permanent foreign corn trade. ” The essential difference between the liunner and Chronicle is this: the formergoes for “ foreign trade,” and nothing else, whilst the latter aims lo secure to American cotton and corn grow ers, all the advantages of a double market —a large and reliable one at home, in addition to everything of the kind which foreign nations possibly can afford them. Nor do we stop here. Our policy seeks to improve the tillage aud double the rural population of Georgia, as well as to advance the mechanical and commercial interests of the country. A fair proportion of mechanics, artisans and manufacturers is indis pensable to the highest prosperity of the plan ters of the South. What would the Banner say to the policy which dictated the sending of Georgia corn and wheat lo England to be ground into meal and flour for consumption in this State ? A cotton growing people should have as many cotton mills, as a wheat-growing people have of flour ing mills. Why not? Where is the business tact, the common sense, in selling cotton at six cents a pound, which a water power at our doors, and a little machinery will make worth four limes as much money ? Every pound of Georgia cotton exported, should bring to its citizens an average of twen ty-five cents. By feeding and clothing a large number of skilful and industrious mechanics, and happily blending grain a"' l ft-wii culture, gardening, wool growing, and the dairy busi ness. with cotton planting, the poor lands of this region might soon be improved, and the traveller find ten independent farmers, with houses, barns and orchards, where he now sees c ue desolate plantation, furrowed with deep gullies, covered with foul weeds, briars and bushes, and tenanted by wild beasts. The Banner should know that this journal does not go the wild beast system, however “ democra tic” it may be. The passage of the bill to authorize the Central Railroad Company and the Macon and Western Rail road Company, or either of them, to form a connec tion between the two Roads terminating at Macon, in my opinion, is to be regretted. It may be a source of temporary triumph to the people of Savannah, the friends of the Georgia Railroad, and the citizens of Miiledgeville, who let no opportunity pass to vent their spleen against Macon.” The above is an extract from a recent letter of our Miiledgeville Correspondent, which, we are assured from a high source, does great in justice to the friends of the Georgia Railroad in the Legislature, who, so far from favoring the connection of the roads at Macon, were op posed to the bill. Democratic National Convention.—The following delegates have been appointed by the Democratic Convention recently assembled at Miiledgeville to the National Convention to nominate President and Vice-President, viz: M. Hall McAllister, Esq., and Hon. A. H. Chappell, T. M. Foreman, W. L. Beuning, J. S. Pinckard, Win. C. Pryor, C. J. McDonald, Win. H. Hull, F. H. Cone, and E. H. Baxter. A Distinguished Officer. We find the following communication in the N. O. Delta : Eds. Delta: —Among the passengers in the New- Orleans, just arrived from Vera Cruz, is Baron Von Grone, ofthe Prussian army, who joined Maj. Lally’s command in August last, and distinguished himself at the National Bridge, by his courage and skill, and also in the engagements which afterwards took place, before the command reached Jalapa. The Baron was wounded in the hip; at the head of two companies he took a fort at the Bridge; and was of great service throughout. He came to this country by permission of the King of Prussia, to serve with our army in tha Mexican campaigns. Gen. Scott, to whom he brought letters, treated him with marked attention in the city of Mexico, and invited him to join his staff. The fighting being over for the present, and the Baron’s absence from Prussia being necessarily limited, he will occupy the remainder of his time in visiting Cuba, and afterwards the United States, on his return home. This communication is made as an act ofjuslice to a gallant officer of a foreign service, who has shed his blood in our cause, and was disposed to unite his des tiny with ours in the battles of Mexico. An Officer of the Army. A counterfeit Treasury Note for SSOO was received in New-York last Saturday by Messrs. Corning from their correspondent in Nash ville. It is said to bear no resemblance to any ol the ‘inline Treasury Notes—being nearly an inch longer and a quarter of an inch wider than the genuine, and the red ink used is of a lighter color. The signatures, however, are said to be well imitated. We observe that similar counterfeits have appeared in the Southwest. The Election Yesterday for County Officers resulted in the city as follows: Sheriff. ' Kerr *' ** * Clerk of thb Superior and Inferior Courts. Dugas 203 Tax Collector. Tinsley 359 Watkins 265 Boisclair 57 Murphy 47 Seago- • • J* s Tax Receiver. 1 Thompson 392 Philip 360 Coroner. Walker 314 Meredith 290 We have not obtained the result from the precincts. Gen. Twi^S ß * What American, asks the N. O. Delta, will not with pride and delight endorse the follow ing truthful notice from the American Star, of the no less modest than gallant and staunch veteran, Genera! Twiggs, the unfailingand in vincible commander of the Heroic Cerro Gor do Division: Gen. Twiggs.—With the train this moruing leaves Gen. D. E. Twiggs, who, we under stand, has been five years from his family and friends. From the first fight at Palo Alto up to to-day, Gen. Twiggs has been in hard service, and richly deserves what he enjoys—the appellation of fighting general of the army, lie was at Palo Alto, Resaca, Monterey—the bloody east end —at Veia Cruz, occupying the road to wards the city, and from which direction the reinforcements to the besieged city were ex pected. After the capitulation of that city, Gen. Twiggs moved off with his division to Cerro Gordo, and at that place achieved such a brilliant victory that his name, and that of the gallant division under his command, has been the theme of praise throughout our land. In the vallev of Mexico, 100, we find him in the front of the fight, approaching the enemy’s works, regardless of the showers ol balls that is falling around him. Gen. T. has been in more battles than any General in Mexico, and the services that he has rendered his country are infinite, and not until impartial history tells of liis labors will they be fully appreciated. In other fields than Mexico he has ‘‘done the State some service,” and in all of which, like those of Mexico, he has been a working Gene ral. We wish him a pleasant journey to V era CniZ, and. although Ills departure Irom the front of the army may be a general matter of regret, we hope he may be permitted to visit those at home from which he has been so long estranged. Mr. Cunard—The paragraph going the rounds of the papers announcing the failure of Mr. Samuel Cunard, the contractor ol the Royal Mail steamers, is incorrect. The Hon. Joseph Canard, brotherofMr. Samuel Cunard. has failed, and his liabilities as said to be im mense. From the N. O. Picayune, 29th ult. Later from Gen. Wool's Line. The U. S. steamship Telegraph, Capt. Wil' son, arrived yesterday from the Brazos, whence she sailed on the 24th inst. She brought over Messrs. Stephenson and Shaw with the remains of the late Capt. Stephenson, Dr. Haley, wife and child, and Messrs. Geo. Judkins, J. Mau ran and Coudas, Capts. Dubs and Stotesbury, and Messrs. J. Nixon and J. B. Fontain, and forty on deck. The following are the first general orders of Gen. Wool, upon assuming the command of the Army of Occupation : Headquarters Army of Occupation, \ Monterey, Dec. 9, 1847. ) Orders iVo. 1. The order of Maj. Gen. Taylor, No. 132, places the undersigned in the command o( the Army of Occupa tion. In entering upon the important duties assign#! he would announce to Ida tnaT Oo e on i.;„ r _.. .. 1 11 ue spared to place it in the most efficient condition, in order to be prepared to meet any move ment which may be required. In these efforts, be an ticipates to be ably sustained by bis troops, and espe cially by his officers. The people of the United Slates are anxiously look ing in this direction for an honorable termination of O # , the war. The victories so glorious to our arms at Palo Alio, Resaca de la Palma, Monterey, Buena Vis la, Vera Cruz, Cerro Gordo, Contreras, Churulms co and the city of Mexico, have (ailed to produce the desired result. Mexican armies, one after anoth er, have been beaten and dispersed, and their capital taken ; yet the Mexicans would continue the war. As peace, from all we can learn, appears far in the dis tance, we are called upon to prepare for coming events. Pleasure must give way to duty ; our whole duty, and nothing but our duty. Obedience, order, discipline and instruction must be rapidly enforced, which the interest, honor and glory of our country imperiously demands. All orders, hitherto issued by Maj. Gen. Taylor, will be enforced until otherwise directed. The following officers arc announced as chiefs of the staff attached to the Army of Occupation : Bvt Capt. Irvin McDowell, assistant adjutant gen eral at headquarters. Capt. W. D. Fraser, chief of engineers, and aid-de camp. Maj. Lewis Cass, Jr., 3d Drngoons acting inspector general. Maj. J. M. Washington, 3d Artillery, chief of ar tillery, at Saltillo. (’apt. G. I). Ramsay, ordnance department, cheifof ordnance at headquarters. Col. Henry Whiling, Ass’t. Qr. M. Gen., chief of the quartermaster's department at Matamoros. Capt. E. S. Sibley, assistant quartermaster at. head quarters. Capt. T. B. Linnard, chief of the topographical corps at Saltillo. Lieut. L. Sitgreaves, corps] of topographical engi neers at headquarters. Capt. A. B. Eaton, commissary of subsistence, chief of the commissary department at the Brazos. Capt. J. C. Casey., commissary of subsistence at headquarters. Surgeon N. S. Jarvis, chief of the medical depart ment at headquarters. Maj, D. Hunter, chief of the pay department at Matamoros. Maj. W. A. Spark, paymaster at headquarters. We have the Matamoros Flag down to the 22d of December. In the number of the 18th we find a notice of several murders of Mexi cans committed on the San Fernando road. Among them was Ramond Paz, a noted out law. Another was Jose Maria Fondey and two of his servants. The bodies of several others were found murdered. The Flag thus speaks of these murders: Nothing positive as to the cause which in duced the killing of these men, or who were engaged in it has yet transpired, hut we infer, from rumors afloat as to the daily occurrence of hostile meetings between the traders and robbers who infest the roads for the purpose of plundering them, that tlie bodies found were of the slain in some such meetings The rancho of Capt. Capestran, near Mata moros, has been burned, and. as is alleged, by Americans. Col. Davenport is investigating the case. The Flag says that large numbers of Mexi cans are emigrating to the Texas side of the Rio Grande for the purpose of availing them selves of the protection of American laws, should the Rio Grande, made the boundary be tween the two countries: The following items are trom the Flag of the 18th inst.; The Monterey Gazette of the 4th inst. pub lishes a correspondence between Col. Jno. W. Tibbatts, Military Governor of the plaza of Monterey, and Francisco de Morales. Col. Tibbatts charges Gov. Morales with as sisting in raising guerrilla parties against the United States forces; and besides, that he, Mo rales, was not legally elected, according to the laws and constitution of the State of Nuevo- Leon. Col.Tibatts further prohibits him from exercising gubernatorial authority in said State, and all persons are prohibited from obeying his orders, and any disobeying this prohibition or order will be considered as enemies of the United States and treated accordingly. It ap pears that Col. Tibbatts required, in the first instance, that Morales should take up his resi dence as Governor at Monterey. To all of which Gov. Morales replied by de aling the invitation and returning a thousand thanks for such a distinguished mark of consi deration as the invitation evinced—stating as a reason for not accepting it, that the Govern ment, would bewithout energy in the presence of an enemy’s force. According to the Monterey Gazette, Canales is still giving escort and receiving tribute from merchants. On the 2d inst. a train of carts loaded with merchants’ goods, are mentioned as having entered Monterey from Caniargo, which came through under escort of Canale’s troops, and paid him a very considerable sum. From the N. O. Picayune, 29th ult. Eight days Later from Vera Cru*.—Ar rival of the Steamship New Orleans. The steamship New Orleans, Capt. Auld’ arrived yesterday morning from Vera C ruz> having sailed thence on the 24th inst., and made a very short passage. Passengers.—Gen. Pierce, U. S. A. : Dr. Jack son, U. S. N. ; Capt. Magnuier, Light Art’y; Capt, J. M. Scantland, 14th Inf.; Capt. Pemberton, U. S. A.; Capt. Prince, U. S. A. ; Capt. P. N. Guthrie, lllh Inf,; Capt. L. Ford, 3d Drag.; Capt. VV. Blanding, South Carolina Heg’t. ; Capt. F. Sumter, do.; Capt. McComas, 11th Inf.; Capt. Jones, 15th Inf. ; Capt. W. A. Nichols, 2d Artillery ; Dr. Bar ton, U. S. A.; Dr. L. W. Jordan, 14th Inf ; Dr. Scott, 3d Drag,; Col. Win, M. Smyth, bearer of despatches; Col. Win. Trousdale, 14th Inf; Maj. Talcott, Ist Voltigeurs; Lieut. McLain; Lieut. Lin coln, Lieut. McGowan, U. S. A. ; Lieut. Love, 14th Inf. ; Lieu'. W Hiatus, 3d Drag.; Lieut. H. C. Mur ray, 14th Inf ; Lieut. Thos. Smith, 14th Inf ; Lieut. L. D. Pitcher, Volt.; Lieut. A. Steen, 12th Inf; Lieut. C. McClung, 13th Inf; Lieut. Bricelnnd, U, S. N. ; Lieut. Bradford, 13th Inf ; Lieut. T. P. Pierce, 9th Inf; Lient. L. Woodhouse, 9th Inf; Lieut. Cantwell, 12th Inf; B. D. Culp, S. C. Reg. ; Mtllelt, do.; Templeton, 15th Inf; Boyle, do.; Miller, do.; F. N. Moye, S. C. Reg.; Higgins, Mass. Keg.; Van Buren, Mounted Rifles; J. J. Stevens; Longstreet; Foster; Messrs. J. W r . Zacha ric, J. Peoples. The New Orleans also brought over the re mains of Col. Butler, Lieut. Col. Dickinson. Col. Martin Scott, Col. T. B. Ransom, Lieut. Col. Graham ; Capts. Thompson and Taylor ; Lieuts. Williams, Clark and Adams; Serg’t Madison ; Dr. Slade ; Privates Trezivant and Kennedy. Captain Auld reports having experienced very rough weather during the outward pas sage. The steamer Portland, having been repaired at Vera Cruz, was to sail on the 24th at 4. P. M. for this port. The Fanny, Capt, Scott, left Vera Cruz for New Orleans via. Tampico on the 20th inst., and put hack on account of the gale and sailed again on tiie 23d inst. The bark Brazil had not arrived at Vera Cruz on the 24th, and it was supposed there she was lost, having been out twenty-eight days. The dates by this arrival are no later from the c:ty of Mexico. The train which left the capital on the ‘Jilt inst. with Gens. Twiggs and Pierce reached Veru Cruz on the 22d, and brings ns interesting correspondence, though of an earlier date than we have publish ed. Referring to our Correspondence below for an interesting account of affairs in the capital, we give here a briefletter from a source usual ly well informed. City of Mexico, Dec. 8, 1847. Gen. Patterson arrived here day before yes terday, and the last of his command reached here to-day. He has brought with him about 3,500 men. As soon as Gen. Butler arrives he or Gen. Patterson will be sent to San Luis Potosi, to open the communication be tween there and Tampico, and the other of the above named generals will be sent to Zacate cas, to take possession of the country around. Cinerelaro will not be disturbed just now Wejearn from t).o rree American that on the 2T:h of November, Gen. Lane, with a de tachment, fought the Mexicans, at a place named Matamoros, whipped them, and deliver ed several prisoners. We have to regret the lossol Lieut. Ridgely, of the Artillery, and as sistant adjutant general to Gen. Lane. The ship Texas arrived at Vera Cruz on the 22d inst , in six days from New Orleans, with troops. The following is from the Free American of a late date : The officers stationed at Puebla have resolv ed to present a medal to Gen. Lane. On one side of it is to be the general's likenesss and on the other side he will he represented entering the city of Puebla. The medal is to cost one thousand dollars. w e are indeed happy to see Gen. Lane re warded by his brother officers. He is one among the great number who have by their noble exploits won the esteem of all their coun trymen and the confidence of their subalterns Gen. Lstne left this city about three months ago, ami in this short space of time has fought and gained no less than five battles ! A train from Jalapu arrived at Vera Cruz on the 18th, inst. escorted by a command of nine ty-five men under Lieut. Tilghman, of the Bal timore Battnlioj. The Free American says it was rumored that Gen. Marshall, then at Jala pa, was to march upon Orizaba as soon as he could obtain the necessary ammunition. The Free American publishes several orders of Col. Hughes Commandant at Jalapa, for bidding gambling and grog-shops, limiting the licenses to certain hotels—requiring the inhabi tants to deposit all arms in the arsenal, and seizing all American property in the hands of Mexicans, and holding all Mexicans found with such property responsible therefor. Our officers are required to resort frequently to the Churches ofthe city, to see that the peo ple are not disturbed in their worship ; they are also recommended to testify all proper re spect to the religious ceremonials of the coun try. The following portion of Col. Hughes’ proclamation is conceived in the best spirit, and expressed with admirable force and preci sion : It is further recommended to all officers and soldiers to cultivate good relations with the in habitants of this city—to treat all with becom ing courtesy and kindness, and to extend ex pressly to the clargy and the women, that defe rence, which, in our own country, is so univer sally conceded to them. Do not let us neglect to practice in a foreign land those qualities of which we are so justly proud at home ! The commanding officer feels that no true soldier will ; and it has been to him a source of special gratification, and of personal pride, that, so far, no complaints have been made to him of any serious encroachments upon the rights, property or persons of the inhabitants ofthe city we now occupy, and he entertains the hope that this propriety of conduct will continue so long as we may remain in Mexico. But rest assured, that should a different state of things arise, he will be as prompt to punish as he is now ready to commend. We should one and all regard ourselves as being to a certain extent representatives of free institutions and of an enlightened republicanism, and endeavor to teach, by the force of example, to onr enemies, those sound principles of religion, humanity, and justice, which have gained for our country the high position which it occupies amongst the most prosperous and civilized nations. Then follows some wholesome regulations, which seem to be eminently calculated to pro mote good feeling among the Mexicans, and order among the Americans, at that post. We have very copious files of papers by this arrival, of which we can make hut little use to-day. For details of news at Vera Cruz and in the city of Mexico, we refer to the subjoined correspondence. Special Correspondence oj the Picayune. Vera Cruz, Dec. 23, 1847. The steamer New Orleans will leave in the morn ing for your city, with a very large number of those wounded at the late battles in the valley of Mexico ; and although they present a melancholy picture, with what joy will they place their feet upon Freedom’s soil once more, and what a happy return to their friends! The arrival ofihis train has enlivened Vera Cruz to such an extent that one who had only seen it when it wears its usually dull appearance would hardly re cognise it as the same city. The streets are thong ed with the means of transportation for goods and lha materials of war to the interior, while the sidewalks near the public offices are throngeil with strangers, officers and soldiers, preparing to embark for home. Col. Dominguez made his second grand entry into Vera Cruz about 2 o’clock to-day, but. he brings no later dates from Mexico than those which you have no doubt ere this received. It :• reported that Mr. will reach hero to-morrow with an escort of cavalry, and he may bring dates from Mexico to the 16th No vember —one day later than has been received. By this command we may obtain something inter esting and authentic respecting the propositions which are reported to have been made by the Mexicans to send commissioners to Havana to negotiate, although I have no idea that even if such a proposition has been made that it will be carried, as the latest accounts from Queretaro represent affairs as being in rather an uproarious condition. The President’s message reached us yesterday by the brig , and created more interest than any doc ument that has been received in Vera Cruz for a long time, and perhaps ihe Mexicans felt a deeper interest than the Americans, for they have a deeper interet in the future destiny of the country. Your friend Peoples, the enterprising editor of the American Star, who came from Mexico with the train, immediately chartered a mustang and greaser to take it along, and, as his plansnre well arranged, I have no doubt hut that the gend people of Mexico will read it in three days. So far as I can learn, although I have read but a small portion of it myself, it seems to have given almost universal satisfaction. Although the road from this to Mexico is now lined with troops, and every ad vanlageous point permanent ly garrisoned, the guerrilleros continue to make their appearance occasionally, and yesterday they not only wounded Lieut. Gordon, of the rifle regiment, in two 1 laces, but captured about a hundred pack mules, which were a short distance behind the command and were the property of Mexicans. Gen. Twiggs has assumed the command of the De partment with a good deal of energy, and he will no doubt make many changes in the administration of affairs in this Department. I never saw the old gener al look better than he does now. The bush-hook has been to work and the brush cut away from under his chin, so that he can see his knees once more, and those fine features which have been so long in obscurity are visible again. Col. W Ison’s depaiture appears to be a source of regret to all, and but few men will leave more sincere friends in Vera Cruz than he. I learn that he has ob tained leave of absence for a few weeks te visit his family, when he will return to assume command of his regiment, which leaves in a few days for Mexico. — He wil! take passage in the sloop of war Saratoga, in three or four days for Pensacola, where his family re side. Col. Bankhead during the few days he has been amongst us has matie many friends, and when he leaves whichever end of the road he takes he will take the good will of all who have termed his acquaintance along with him. It has now become pretty certain, as 1 learn from many who came with the train, that Lieut. O’Sullivan, who distinguished himself by his gallantry in the last b ittles before Mexico, after throwing up hiscommission joined the Mexicans, and has received an appointment ofcolonel in the Mexican army. Although as gallant and brave a man as ever lived, he disgraced himself on many occasions, by which he lost the respect ofall his associates, and may now fight as hard against the American flag as he has fought for it. Mrs. Ewing closed the theatre last night, and Mr. Hart, with his new company, will reopen it to-morrow evening. The Ist Artillery, under command of Maj. Dim tnick, will relieve the Ist Infantry to-morrow, and the latter regiment will remove immediately to camp Ver gara. Gen. Pierce will be a passengeron the New Orleans, and, as 1 learn, will resign as soon as he reaches Washington. By tlie train the bodies jfCol. Ransom, Lieut. Col. Martin Scott, and several others of the gallant officers who fell at tlie battles of Mexico, were received and will be forwarded immediately to the United States. The weather, which has been boisterous for several days, is now fine, and there is a fa’r prospect that the steamers will make good passages to New Orleans. — The Fanny left day before yesterday, but hail to re turn last evening. Sh<» Ult to-day, and will touch at Brazos and Tampico. The frigate Cumberland, Com. Perry’s flag ship, and the sloop of war John Adams, are now lying at anchor under the Castle. Gen. Twiggs. —This veteran officer, who has been engaged in all the battles in Mexico, save that of Buena Vista, has taken command of the Department of Vera Cruz. We see it announced in a Vera Cruz paper—upon what authority we do not know —that the General will remain at Vera Cruz till relieved by Gen. , Jesup, when he will proceed to Washington to fill the post of (iuartermaster General. It is the first intimation of such movements we have seen.— Picayune, 29 th ult. Gen. Fierce.— This gentleman arrived here yesterday in the New Orleans, and we see it announced with regret in the papers from Mexico, that he intends resigning his commis sion. During the short time he has been in the service, no officer has more distinguished himself by his promptitude, energy and cour age, and we hope that the report may prove unfounded.— Picayune, 29th ult. Mr. T ruinan Smith, of Connecticut, has in troduced a resolution into the House of Repre sentatives, the object of which is to expel from circulation the whole brood of small foreign silver coins, most of which have greatly depre ciated in value, and to substitute for them the dimes and half dimes of the United States. The resolution has been referred to a select committee, consisting of Messrs. Julius Rock well, Thibodeaux, Murphy, Chas. Brown and Green Adams. Letter from Mr. Clay’,— Extract from a letter of the Hon. Henry Clay, of the 6th ult., to his friend in Virginia, which he presumes to publish, unauthorized though it be by the dis tinguished author: —Alexandria Gazette. “ I have this moment perused an able pamph let from the pen of Mr. Gallatin, in which, without any concert between us, I find that he takes similar positions to those which I had pre viously occupied. He fortifies them by a stri king array of facts and powerful arguments. “lain not surprised at the imputation of un worthy motives to me for the delivery of the speech, That has been so long my fortune, that I should have been surprised if it had not been made. Will they charge Mr. Gallatin, in the publication of his pamphlet, with being ac tuated by the desire to attain the Presidency ? There is as much ground in the one case as in the other.” I. O. O. P. ICV Miller Lodge, No. 10. —A Regular Meet ing will be held This (Tuesday) Evening, at 7 o’clock. Members will please be punctual in attend ance, as the Installation of the Officers for the ensuing year will take place. By order of the N. G ja4 J. E. MARSHALL, Secretary. Jj’Augusta Manufacturing Company. Notice is bereb}’ given to the stockholders that an installment of ten per cent, is required to be paid in on WEDNESDAY, the 2d February next. WILLIAM PHILLIPS, Sec’y Aug. Manuf’^Go. Augusta, Jan. 1, 1848. jal-lawdtd O’ Dividend No, 11.--Office iron Steam Boat Company, Augusta, 3<lJan., 1848. —The Directors have this day declared a Dividend of four per cent., payable to the stockholders or order on and after the first of February next. ja4-3 G. McLAUGHLIN, Treas. BY THE TELEGRAPH TO PETERSBURG, VA. Transmitted for the Chronicle & Sentinel. FROM WASHINGTON. PROCEEDINGS OF CONGRESS. First Session—Thirtieth Congress. IN SENATE - Dec. 28. The Senate adopted resolutions to attend the ! funeral of the lion. Mr. Fairfield at his lodg j ings, and appointing Mr. Franklin Clark, of 1 the House, to attend the corpse to Maine. The Senate then adjourned. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. Mr. Washington Hunt gave notice that to j morrow he would ask leave to introduce a joint 1 re olution of thanks to Maj.-General Winfield | Scott and the officers under his command, for their gallant services in the war with Mexico. Mr. Sawyer offered a resolution to regulate the trade between the whites and Indians. The Speaker announced petitions to be the first thing in order. Mr. Caleb Smith presented a petition from citizens of Indiana, praying the abolition of slavery in the District of Columbia, and moved that it be referred to the committee on the Dis trict of Columbia. Mr. Cabell moved to lay the petition on the table. The question upon the motion was taken by Tellers, and decided in the affirmative—yeas 76, nays 70. A message was here received from the Sen ate, communicating the resolutions of that body in regard to the death of Mr. Fairfield. Mr. Williams moved to concur in these reso lutions; and the motion being carried, The»llouse adjourned. IN SENATE Dec. 29. At 12 o’clock, the Vice-President called the Senate to order. Prayer by the Rev. Mr. G urley. The Vice-President laid before the Senate a report from the Secretary of the Navy in rela tionto the expenditure of the contingent appro priation. The Vice-President laid before the Senate a communication from the Secretary of the Trea sury in relation to overflowed public lands in Arkansas. The V ice-President also laid before the Se nate a communication from the Secretary of the Treasury, relating to a map of the lands around Sault St. Marie. Mr. Cass, from the Committee on Military Affairs, reported a bill to provide for the further prosecution of the war with Mexico. Mr. C ass, from the same committee, re ported a bill relating to volunteers. Mr. Atherton, from die Committee of Fi nance, reported a bill from the House to pro vide for the deficiency in subsistence appropria tions, which was read a third time and passed. Mr. Westcolt, from the committee on Patents atid the Patent Office, reported a bill for in creasing the number of Examiners in the Pa tent Office. On motion of Mr. Crittenden, the bill to provide for the purchase of the Madison pa pers were taken up, and after debate, the fur ther consideration of it was postponed until to morrow. A message was received from the House, announcing the death of Mr. Bradney, of M ichigau, a member of that body. Mr. Felch passed a eulogy upon the charac ter of the deceased. After which the Senate adjourned. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. Mr. Stuart announced the death of Mr. Ed ward Bradley, one of the members elected from the State of Michigan, and pronounced an appropriate eulogy upon the deceased. The House thereupon passed the usual re solutions of respect and condolence, and ad journed, without farther business, until to-mor row. IN SENATE Dec. 30. On Mr. Badger’s motion, the Committee on Commerce was instructed to inquire into the expediency of authorizing additional Eight H ouses on the North Carolina coast. On motion of Mr. Clayton, the Committee on Commerce was instructed to inquire into the expediency of making an appropriation for the improvement of the harbors of the Delaware river. The \ ice-President was authorized to ap point a Regent of the Smithsonian Institute, vice Mr. Cass, resigned. Mr. Dix, from the Committee on Commerce, reported a hill authorizing the issue of a Regis ter for the barque “Canton”—which was passed. The resolution proposed by Mr. Reverdy Johnson, calling on the Secretary of War for ? lists of the numbers of men who have been kil led and wounded and who have died in the Mexican war, was taken up and passed. The bill providing for the purchase of the Madison papers, was taken up and passed, by a vote of 2*J to 13. Mr. Cass moved the Senate to take up the Ten Regiment bill. Mr. Calhoun wanted further time before proceeding with the bill; and Messrs. Clayton and Berrien opposed taking up the bill at pre sent. After further debate, the bill was taken up, but without action The Senate went into Executive Session, and adjourned. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. Mr. George VV. Jones moved to take up the resolution which he hud previously offered, di recting the committee on Revolutionary Pen sions to inquire into the expediency of author izing the Secretary of War to employ addition alclerks to attend to the increased applications for bounty land and Treasury scrip. The Speaker decided that the motion was not in order, and announced the first thing in order to be petitions. Ala ge number were thereupon presented. Mr. Tuck presented a petition from citizens of Philadelphia, praying for the appropriation of the proceeds of the public lands for the ex tinction of slavery in the Union; and he moved that it he referred to the committee on territo ries. Mr. Gayle moved that it be laid upon the ta ble, Upon wmotion, tnequestion was taken by yeas and nays, and decided in the affirma tive—yeas 86, nays 70. Mr. Sclienck offered a resolution that when the House adjourn, it will adjourn over until Monday, which was adopted. Mr. Goggin, from the committee, on Post Offices and Post Roads, reported a joint reso lution providing lor transporting the mail be tween Washington and Richmond by the old contractors, at the highest prices paid other contractors. The resolution having been read by thejelerk. Mr. Bolts gave a history of the case, advoca ted the passage ofthe resolution earnestly and ably, and severely condemned the Postmaster General. After the close of my morning despatch, the discussion of the same subject was continued up to the hour of adjournment, Messrs. Chae. Brown, Gog"in Johnson, of Arkansas par licipated in the debate. The latter moved to lay the subject on the table; hut the motion was not on when the House adjourn ed. Washington, Dec 30—P. M. —The follow ing nominations were sent to the Senate to-day by the President: Minister to China, J. W. Davis, (late Speaker;) Charge to Naples, Mr. Rowan; Charge to Sardinia, Mr. Niles. From New York. By Telegraph. —Fur the Chronicle and bentinel Petersburg, Dec. 31. 1847. Cotton advanced a i since steamers news, and tendency upwards. Rice unsettled and heavy. Breadstutfs inactive, tendency down
