Georgia Historic Newspapers

    balance. The earnings of freight in foreign commerce
by our crews and vessels are not brought into the ac
count, or often against us, when invested in foreign
imports. The profits ol exchanging our imports, or
of foreign products, do not appear in the balance, or,
if so, to a very limited extent, or often against us.
Tnus an American merchant ships from Boston a car
go of ice during the winter, valued at that time, as an
export, at a very small sum. He sends it to Calcut
ta, and sells it at an advance of perhaps a thousand
per cent. The proceeds he may invest there in the
purchase of goods, which he can bring to Liverpool,
and probably sell at a profit of twenty or thirty per
cent.; and the aggregate profits realized at Calcutta
and Liverpool he takes home in specie, or in imports,
or in a bill cf exchange, which he probably sells at a
premium for remittance. Yet these profits may never
appear, or may even appear as an unfavorable bal
ance, under the head of imports.
Upon the same fallacious theory, if instead ot pur
chasing millions of foreign fabrics from the profits of
foreign commerce, such valuable foreign articles
were presented gratuitously to the American merchant
and brought by him into the country, they would
swell this alleged unfavorable balance of trade. To
sura up the result, as proven by the tables of the Trea
sur} r , it appears that, if the augmentation was in the
same ratio as during the last fiscal year, since the
repeal of the tariff of 1842, our domestic exports in
1849 would exceed those of any other nation ; and our
imports in 1851, our specie in 1850, our tonnage
in 1851, and if our revenue augmented in the
same ratio in succeeding years as in the year ending
on the Ist of December, 1847, compared with the pre
ceding year, our revenue from duties in 1854 would
exceed that of any other nation from the same source.
It is not contended, great as the future augmentation
may be as to imports or exports, tonnage, specie and
revenue, that the advance will be so rapid as it was
this year, when, with the shackles stricken from com
merce, we bounded forward at such a wonderful rate
of progress. But that the increase under low duties
in a series of years will be regular, rapid, and pi o
gressive, is not doubted. Before the repeal of the
British corn laws, the argument hero for high duties
was as a measure of retaliation, by closing our mar
kets against British fabrics, to force her to open her
ports to our Lreadstulfs and provisions. Well, she
has thus opened her ports freely, and invites the ex
change ; and yet it is still contended that we ought
to keep out her fabrics by high duties, and of course
induce her to re-establish her corn laws.
This is a new commercial era, and there are many
causes combining at this time to augmeni trade among
nations—the reduction or repeal of duties, the construc
tion of railroads and canals to bring the products and
fabrics of all nations from the interior to the seaboard,
with ocean steamers in addition to sailing vessels to
facilitate and hasten the exchange, and with China,
containing nearly one-third of the population of the
globe, brought at last within the range of liberal ex
changes at low duties. Our canals and railroads,
bringing our own products and fabrics from the interior
to the seaboard or lakes and rivers of the West, the
points of distribution for domestic consumption, as well
as for shipment in exchange for the fabrics of other
nations, ol great and increasing im(>ortance. With
out these roads and canals there are very many points
where coal and lime and iron, and other materials,
could not be brought together for profitable use in
the same establishment; there are many farms and
manufactories whose products and fabrics could never
have found a market, and the coal and iron of Fenn
syl van in and of other States must have remained al
most a useless treasure. This, in itself, is a great
change in favor of our domestic industry, and
is a lar belter protection to all the products and fabrics
of American labor than any restriction which
may be imposed by high tariffs; and, in truth
dispenses with even the pretext for any such
policy, which when the internal communication
has brought our own products or fabrics upon tue sea
board, would arrest their exchange there for the pro
ductions of the world. The doctrine that we cannot
encounter foreign cargoes in fair ami open competition
is as erroneous and injurious to the national character
as were the fears of some in 1812 that our gallant
navy must be retained within our ports and harbors
under the protection of their forts and ordnance, and
dare not venture upon the ocean to meet on equal
terms, gun for gun, and man for man, the navies of
the world. If our country is inferior, and cannot meet,
at home and abroad upon equal terms, the products
and fabrics of other nations, it is time that we should
prepare to do so. Protection may exclude rival fa
brics and shrink from the encounter , but we can only
assume the position of an equal by Irving our strength
under free trade or low duties. This we have done
and succeeded and have thereby placed our own
industry upon that solid basis w hich fears no competi
tion.
We knew not our strength until it had been tried
by low duties, and proved that protection is unneces
sary. We are not inferior to other nations in the
arts or sciences, in war or in peace, upon the ocean or
the land, in agriculture, commerce, manufactures, or
navigation. We have the raw material in greater
abundance and at a lower price, cheaper subsistence
more mineral wealth, more fertile lands, yielding from
a better soil and w armer sun, more to the acre and
greater variety of products, with exemption ’ from
costly government and oppressive internal taxation ; at
least equal skill, enterprise, industry, energy, perseve
rance, and inventive genius; our working freemen more
vigorous and intelligent, and performing in a day
more effective labor, with better and freer institutions,
and with public and individual prosperity, and capi
tal augmenting in a greater ratio than in any other
nation. We require no protection, because our indus
try and prosperity repose upon the immovable basis of
superior advantages; and advancing, as we are, more
rapidly than any other nation, in all the elements of
wealth and power, our exports, imports, t milage and
specie, as has been already proved, will soon exceed
those of any other country, and the prices bs regu
lated at the creditor city of New-York. Restrictions
upon th» commerce of the Union are especially re
stn-iions upon her commerce, and have impeded her
advance towards her destiny—predicted in my last
report —as the centre and emporium of the commerce
of the world. For that high positi she possessess
more natural advantages and greter elements of aug
menting wealth and business than any other city.
Let us remove the obstructions which high tariffs
have erected round her magnificent harbor. Let her
have free scope to develope her transcendant natural
advantages, and she must become the depot of univer
sal commerce, where international balance sheets will
be adjusted, and assorted products and fabrics ofall na
tions interchanged ; the great regulator of prices cur
rent, and the barometer ofthe exchanges of the world.
The time is approaching when a bill upon New-York
will bring a higher premium than a bill upon any
other city, and when the tribute of millions of dollars,
paid by us to other nations upon exchange, shall be
paid by them to ns, and flow into our own great corn
men ial emporium. Whilst New-York must contain
a large population, as well as New-Orleans, the prin
cipal depot of the mighty West, and many other cities,
they will be small indeed, compared with the masses
of the people of the Union, who will go on aug
menting in a corresponding ratio, still leaving an im
mense majority of the nation engaged in agricultural
pursuits, and supplying with their products not only
our own markets, but those of other nations, in an
ever-increasing ratio, by reciprocal exchanges under
free trade or low duties. Although it must gratify
all our people that an American city should become
the centre ofuniversal commerce, the advantages will
not be limited to that place ; but all the people, and
cities, and States of the Union will feel the favorable
effects of this great revolution. Every branch of
our industry will be enlarged and invigorated; and
foreign cities having ceased to control our commerce or
currency, will no longer sink at their pleasure and
with their revulsions, as heretofore, and as they now
do, the price of our products. Other Atlantic' cities
may not be as greatas New-York, yet they will all
be greater whonthe emporium ofuniversal commerce
shall be here, than they would have been with any
foreign city occupying that commanding position.—
This destiny we can never accomplish if commerce is
restricted here, and our industry, instead of seeking
for its products and fabrics the markets of more than
a thousand millions of people, retires within our home
market, confined to twenty-one millions of people,
and surrenders without an effort the markets and
commerce of the world. A liberal commercial policy
is essential to the fulfilment of this great destiny of
New-York and of the Union; but above and beyond
all, the Union itself —the free-trade Union—its perpe
tuity and onward progress in area, wealth and popu
lation, are necessary to the accomplishment of these
grand results. Upon this point, sectional fanatics,
few' in number at home, and despots abroad concur
ring with them may hope or menace ; but the Ame
rican Union is a moral and physical, a political and
commercial necessity, and never can or will be dis
solved. As well might we attempt to decompose the
great element of nature which holds together the
planets, suns, and systems ofthe universe, as hope to
sever the links of mighty lakes and rivers, of ever-ex
tending telegraphs, railroads, and canals; of free
trade, of intercourse, of interest, of love and affection,
of the glories of the past, the present, aud the future,
which must forever bind together the American
Union. Indeed, when we look upon the American
revolution, the framingofour constitution, the addition
of Louisiana, Florida, Texas and Oregon—our ever
extending area, projects, and population, our triumphs
in war and peace—we must be blind to the past and
close our eyes upon the fulfilling realities ofthe future,
if we cannot perceive and gratefully acknowledge
that a higher than any earthly power still guards and
directs our destiny, impels us onward, and has se
lected our great and happy country as a model and
ultimate centre of attraction for all the nations of the
world. R. J. WALKER,
Secretary of the Treasury.
Hon. George M. Dallas,
Vice-President ofthe United States ,
CHRONICLE & SENTINEL.
sy J. W. & W. S. JONES.
□ AIL'S, TRI WEEKLY & WEEKLY.
OFFICE IN KAIL ROAD BANK BUILDING
TERMS —Daily Paper, per annum, in advance ••SlO
Tri-Weekly Paper, “ “ “ " 5
Weekly, (a mammoth sheet) “ •• 2
('ASH SYSTEM. —In no case will an order for the
piper be attended to, unless accompanied with the
money, and in every instancewhen the time for w’hich
any subscription may be paid, expires before the re
ceipt of funds to renew the same, the paper will f e
discontinued. Depreciated funds received at value in
this city.
AUGUSIIA, G-A:
TUESDAY MORNING, JAN. 4, 1848.
The Mails from the North are still in sad
condition. Last night we had one mail through
from New York of the 29th ult., and three from
Richmond to the Ist inst. We have, however,
by Telegraph dates from New York to the 31st
nit. inclusive, which will be found under the
appropriate head.
The Legislature adjourned on Thursday
last, but in consequence of the absence of our
regular correspondent, and the failure of one
engaged by him to forward us regular reports,
we are without any account of their proceed
ings.
Acknowledging the Corn.
The Augusta Chronicle & Sentinel that, before the
election, saw in our increasing corn trade with Eng
land no other cause but fatnine, begins now to sing
sweetly the following strain. Under date of the 23d
inst, it says : “ A great many thousand bales of cot
ton have been shipped from Augusta to Liverpool. —
The day for exporting thence Wheat, Flouh, Oorn
meal, Provisions, and Wool, isctosE at hand.”
Is our cotoraporarv prophecying the people of Great
Britain info another famine ? No. For it thus argues,
to promote the clearing of the Savannah river, of course
for a PERMANENT FOREIGN CORN TRADE ! Do you
give it up, neighbor? —Southern Banner.
Give up what ? We go most unhesitatingly
“for a permanent foreign corn trade. ” The
essential difference between the liunner and
Chronicle is this: the formergoes for “ foreign
trade,” and nothing else, whilst the latter aims
lo secure to American cotton and corn grow
ers, all the advantages of a double market —a
large and reliable one at home, in addition to
everything of the kind which foreign nations
possibly can afford them. Nor do we stop here.
Our policy seeks to improve the tillage aud
double the rural population of Georgia, as well
as to advance the mechanical and commercial
interests of the country. A fair proportion of
mechanics, artisans and manufacturers is indis
pensable to the highest prosperity of the plan
ters of the South.
What would the Banner say to the policy
which dictated the sending of Georgia corn and
wheat lo England to be ground into meal and
flour for consumption in this State ? A cotton
growing people should have as many cotton
mills, as a wheat-growing people have of flour
ing mills. Why not? Where is the business
tact, the common sense, in selling cotton at six
cents a pound, which a water power at our
doors, and a little machinery will make worth
four limes as much money ?
Every pound of Georgia cotton exported,
should bring to its citizens an average of twen
ty-five cents. By feeding and clothing a large
number of skilful and industrious mechanics,
and happily blending grain a"' l ft-wii culture,
gardening, wool growing, and the dairy busi
ness. with cotton planting, the poor lands of
this region might soon be improved, and the
traveller find ten independent farmers, with
houses, barns and orchards, where he now sees
c ue desolate plantation, furrowed with deep
gullies, covered with foul weeds, briars and
bushes, and tenanted by wild beasts. The
Banner should know that this journal does not
go the wild beast system, however “ democra
tic” it may be.
The passage of the bill to authorize the Central
Railroad Company and the Macon and Western Rail
road Company, or either of them, to form a connec
tion between the two Roads terminating at Macon, in
my opinion, is to be regretted. It may be a source
of temporary triumph to the people of Savannah, the
friends of the Georgia Railroad, and the citizens of
Miiledgeville, who let no opportunity pass to vent
their spleen against Macon.”
The above is an extract from a recent letter
of our Miiledgeville Correspondent, which, we
are assured from a high source, does great in
justice to the friends of the Georgia Railroad
in the Legislature, who, so far from favoring
the connection of the roads at Macon, were op
posed to the bill.
Democratic National Convention.—The
following delegates have been appointed by
the Democratic Convention recently assembled
at Miiledgeville to the National Convention to
nominate President and Vice-President, viz:
M. Hall McAllister, Esq., and Hon. A. H.
Chappell, T. M. Foreman, W. L. Beuning, J.
S. Pinckard, Win. C. Pryor, C. J. McDonald,
Win. H. Hull, F. H. Cone, and E. H. Baxter.
A Distinguished Officer.
We find the following communication in the
N. O. Delta :
Eds. Delta: —Among the passengers in the New-
Orleans, just arrived from Vera Cruz, is Baron Von
Grone, ofthe Prussian army, who joined Maj. Lally’s
command in August last, and distinguished himself at
the National Bridge, by his courage and skill, and
also in the engagements which afterwards took place,
before the command reached Jalapa. The Baron was
wounded in the hip; at the head of two companies he
took a fort at the Bridge; and was of great service
throughout. He came to this country by permission
of the King of Prussia, to serve with our army in
tha Mexican campaigns. Gen. Scott, to whom he
brought letters, treated him with marked attention in
the city of Mexico, and invited him to join his staff.
The fighting being over for the present, and the Baron’s
absence from Prussia being necessarily limited, he
will occupy the remainder of his time in visiting Cuba,
and afterwards the United States, on his return home.
This communication is made as an act ofjuslice to a
gallant officer of a foreign service, who has shed his
blood in our cause, and was disposed to unite his des
tiny with ours in the battles of Mexico.
An Officer of the Army.
A counterfeit Treasury Note for SSOO was
received in New-York last Saturday by Messrs.
Corning from their correspondent in Nash
ville. It is said to bear no resemblance to any
ol the ‘inline Treasury Notes—being nearly
an inch longer and a quarter of an inch wider
than the genuine, and the red ink used is of a
lighter color. The signatures, however, are
said to be well imitated.
We observe that similar counterfeits have
appeared in the Southwest.
The Election
Yesterday for County Officers resulted in the
city as follows:
Sheriff.
' Kerr *' ** *
Clerk of thb Superior and Inferior Courts.
Dugas 203
Tax Collector.
Tinsley 359
Watkins 265
Boisclair 57
Murphy 47
Seago- • • J* s
Tax Receiver.
1 Thompson 392
Philip 360
Coroner.
Walker 314
Meredith 290
We have not obtained the result from the
precincts.
Gen. Twi^S ß *
What American, asks the N. O. Delta, will
not with pride and delight endorse the follow
ing truthful notice from the American Star, of
the no less modest than gallant and staunch
veteran, Genera! Twiggs, the unfailingand in
vincible commander of the Heroic Cerro Gor
do Division:
Gen. Twiggs.—With the train this moruing
leaves Gen. D. E. Twiggs, who, we under
stand, has been five years from his family and
friends.
From the first fight at Palo Alto up to to-day,
Gen. Twiggs has been in hard service, and
richly deserves what he enjoys—the appellation
of fighting general of the army, lie was at
Palo Alto, Resaca, Monterey—the bloody east
end —at Veia Cruz, occupying the road to
wards the city, and from which direction the
reinforcements to the besieged city were ex
pected. After the capitulation of that city,
Gen. Twiggs moved off with his division to
Cerro Gordo, and at that place achieved such a
brilliant victory that his name, and that of the
gallant division under his command, has been
the theme of praise throughout our land. In
the vallev of Mexico, 100, we find him in the
front of the fight, approaching the enemy’s
works, regardless of the showers ol balls that
is falling around him.
Gen. T. has been in more battles than any
General in Mexico, and the services that he
has rendered his country are infinite, and not
until impartial history tells of liis labors will
they be fully appreciated.
In other fields than Mexico he has ‘‘done the
State some service,” and in all of which, like
those of Mexico, he has been a working Gene
ral. We wish him a pleasant journey to V era
CniZ, and. although Ills departure Irom the
front of the army may be a general matter of
regret, we hope he may be permitted to visit
those at home from which he has been so long
estranged.
Mr. Cunard—The paragraph going the
rounds of the papers announcing the failure of
Mr. Samuel Cunard, the contractor ol the
Royal Mail steamers, is incorrect. The Hon.
Joseph Canard, brotherofMr. Samuel Cunard.
has failed, and his liabilities as said to be im
mense.
From the N. O. Picayune, 29th ult.
Later from Gen. Wool's Line.
The U. S. steamship Telegraph, Capt. Wil'
son, arrived yesterday from the Brazos, whence
she sailed on the 24th inst. She brought over
Messrs. Stephenson and Shaw with the remains
of the late Capt. Stephenson, Dr. Haley, wife
and child, and Messrs. Geo. Judkins, J. Mau
ran and Coudas, Capts. Dubs and Stotesbury,
and Messrs. J. Nixon and J. B. Fontain, and
forty on deck.
The following are the first general orders of
Gen. Wool, upon assuming the command of
the Army of Occupation :
Headquarters Army of Occupation, \
Monterey, Dec. 9, 1847. )
Orders iVo. 1.
The order of Maj. Gen. Taylor, No. 132, places the
undersigned in the command o( the Army of Occupa
tion.
In entering upon the important duties assign#!
he would announce to Ida tnaT Oo e on
i.;„ r _.. .. 1 11 ue spared to place it in the most efficient
condition, in order to be prepared to meet any move
ment which may be required. In these efforts, be an
ticipates to be ably sustained by bis troops, and espe
cially by his officers.
The people of the United Slates are anxiously look
ing in this direction for an honorable termination of
O # ,
the war. The victories so glorious to our arms at
Palo Alio, Resaca de la Palma, Monterey, Buena Vis
la, Vera Cruz, Cerro Gordo, Contreras, Churulms
co and the city of Mexico, have (ailed to produce the
desired result. Mexican armies, one after anoth
er, have been beaten and dispersed, and their capital
taken ; yet the Mexicans would continue the war. As
peace, from all we can learn, appears far in the dis
tance, we are called upon to prepare for coming events.
Pleasure must give way to duty ; our whole duty, and
nothing but our duty. Obedience, order, discipline
and instruction must be rapidly enforced, which the
interest, honor and glory of our country imperiously
demands.
All orders, hitherto issued by Maj. Gen. Taylor,
will be enforced until otherwise directed.
The following officers arc announced as chiefs of the
staff attached to the Army of Occupation :
Bvt Capt. Irvin McDowell, assistant adjutant gen
eral at headquarters.
Capt. W. D. Fraser, chief of engineers, and aid-de
camp.
Maj. Lewis Cass, Jr., 3d Drngoons acting inspector
general.
Maj. J. M. Washington, 3d Artillery, chief of ar
tillery, at Saltillo.
(’apt. G. I). Ramsay, ordnance department, cheifof
ordnance at headquarters.
Col. Henry Whiling, Ass’t. Qr. M. Gen., chief of
the quartermaster's department at Matamoros.
Capt. E. S. Sibley, assistant quartermaster at. head
quarters.
Capt. T. B. Linnard, chief of the topographical corps
at Saltillo.
Lieut. L. Sitgreaves, corps] of topographical engi
neers at headquarters.
Capt. A. B. Eaton, commissary of subsistence, chief
of the commissary department at the Brazos.
Capt. J. C. Casey., commissary of subsistence at
headquarters.
Surgeon N. S. Jarvis, chief of the medical depart
ment at headquarters.
Maj, D. Hunter, chief of the pay department at
Matamoros.
Maj. W. A. Spark, paymaster at headquarters.
We have the Matamoros Flag down to the
22d of December. In the number of the 18th
we find a notice of several murders of Mexi
cans committed on the San Fernando road.
Among them was Ramond Paz, a noted out
law. Another was Jose Maria Fondey and
two of his servants. The bodies of several
others were found murdered. The Flag thus
speaks of these murders:
Nothing positive as to the cause which in
duced the killing of these men, or who were
engaged in it has yet transpired, hut we infer,
from rumors afloat as to the daily occurrence
of hostile meetings between the traders and
robbers who infest the roads for the purpose of
plundering them, that tlie bodies found were
of the slain in some such meetings
The rancho of Capt. Capestran, near Mata
moros, has been burned, and. as is alleged, by
Americans. Col. Davenport is investigating
the case.
The Flag says that large numbers of Mexi
cans are emigrating to the Texas side of the
Rio Grande for the purpose of availing them
selves of the protection of American laws,
should the Rio Grande, made the boundary be
tween the two countries:
The following items are trom the Flag of the
18th inst.;
The Monterey Gazette of the 4th inst. pub
lishes a correspondence between Col. Jno. W.
Tibbatts, Military Governor of the plaza of
Monterey, and Francisco de Morales.
Col. Tibbatts charges Gov. Morales with as
sisting in raising guerrilla parties against the
United States forces; and besides, that he, Mo
rales, was not legally elected, according to the
laws and constitution of the State of Nuevo-
Leon. Col.Tibatts further prohibits him from
exercising gubernatorial authority in said State,
and all persons are prohibited from obeying
his orders, and any disobeying this prohibition
or order will be considered as enemies of the
United States and treated accordingly. It ap
pears that Col. Tibbatts required, in the first
instance, that Morales should take up his resi
dence as Governor at Monterey.
To all of which Gov. Morales replied by de
aling the invitation and returning a thousand
thanks for such a distinguished mark of consi
deration as the invitation evinced—stating as a
reason for not accepting it, that the Govern
ment, would bewithout energy in the presence
of an enemy’s force.
According to the Monterey Gazette, Canales
is still giving escort and receiving tribute from
merchants. On the 2d inst. a train of carts
loaded with merchants’ goods, are mentioned
as having entered Monterey from Caniargo,
which came through under escort of Canale’s
troops, and paid him a very considerable sum.
From the N. O. Picayune, 29th ult.
Eight days Later from Vera Cru*.—Ar
rival of the Steamship New Orleans.
The steamship New Orleans, Capt. Auld’
arrived yesterday morning from Vera C ruz>
having sailed thence on the 24th inst., and
made a very short passage.
Passengers.—Gen. Pierce, U. S. A. : Dr. Jack
son, U. S. N. ; Capt. Magnuier, Light Art’y; Capt,
J. M. Scantland, 14th Inf.; Capt. Pemberton, U. S.
A.; Capt. Prince, U. S. A. ; Capt. P. N. Guthrie,
lllh Inf,; Capt. L. Ford, 3d Drag.; Capt. VV.
Blanding, South Carolina Heg’t. ; Capt. F. Sumter,
do.; Capt. McComas, 11th Inf.; Capt. Jones, 15th
Inf. ; Capt. W. A. Nichols, 2d Artillery ; Dr. Bar
ton, U. S. A.; Dr. L. W. Jordan, 14th Inf ; Dr.
Scott, 3d Drag,; Col. Win, M. Smyth, bearer of
despatches; Col. Win. Trousdale, 14th Inf; Maj.
Talcott, Ist Voltigeurs; Lieut. McLain; Lieut. Lin
coln, Lieut. McGowan, U. S. A. ; Lieut. Love, 14th
Inf. ; Lieu'. W Hiatus, 3d Drag.; Lieut. H. C. Mur
ray, 14th Inf ; Lieut. Thos. Smith, 14th Inf ; Lieut.
L. D. Pitcher, Volt.; Lieut. A. Steen, 12th Inf;
Lieut. C. McClung, 13th Inf; Lieut. Bricelnnd, U,
S. N. ; Lieut. Bradford, 13th Inf ; Lieut. T. P.
Pierce, 9th Inf; Lient. L. Woodhouse, 9th Inf;
Lieut. Cantwell, 12th Inf; B. D. Culp, S. C. Reg. ;
Mtllelt, do.; Templeton, 15th Inf; Boyle, do.;
Miller, do.; F. N. Moye, S. C. Reg.; Higgins,
Mass. Keg.; Van Buren, Mounted Rifles; J. J.
Stevens; Longstreet; Foster; Messrs. J. W r . Zacha
ric, J. Peoples.
The New Orleans also brought over the re
mains of Col. Butler, Lieut. Col. Dickinson.
Col. Martin Scott, Col. T. B. Ransom, Lieut.
Col. Graham ; Capts. Thompson and Taylor ;
Lieuts. Williams, Clark and Adams; Serg’t
Madison ; Dr. Slade ; Privates Trezivant and
Kennedy.
Captain Auld reports having experienced
very rough weather during the outward pas
sage.
The steamer Portland, having been repaired
at Vera Cruz, was to sail on the 24th at 4. P.
M. for this port.
The Fanny, Capt, Scott, left Vera Cruz for
New Orleans via. Tampico on the 20th inst.,
and put hack on account of the gale and sailed
again on tiie 23d inst.
The bark Brazil had not arrived at Vera
Cruz on the 24th, and it was supposed there
she was lost, having been out twenty-eight
days.
The dates by this arrival are no later from
the c:ty of Mexico. The train which left the
capital on the ‘Jilt inst. with Gens. Twiggs and
Pierce reached Veru Cruz on the 22d, and
brings ns interesting correspondence, though
of an earlier date than we have publish
ed.
Referring to our Correspondence below for
an interesting account of affairs in the capital,
we give here a briefletter from a source usual
ly well informed.
City of Mexico, Dec. 8, 1847.
Gen. Patterson arrived here day before yes
terday, and the last of his command reached
here to-day. He has brought with him about
3,500 men. As soon as Gen. Butler arrives
he or Gen. Patterson will be sent to San
Luis Potosi, to open the communication be
tween there and Tampico, and the other of the
above named generals will be sent to Zacate
cas, to take possession of the country around.
Cinerelaro will not be disturbed just now
Wejearn from t).o rree American that on
the 2T:h of November, Gen. Lane, with a de
tachment, fought the Mexicans, at a place
named Matamoros, whipped them, and deliver
ed several prisoners. We have to regret the
lossol Lieut. Ridgely, of the Artillery, and as
sistant adjutant general to Gen. Lane.
The ship Texas arrived at Vera Cruz on the
22d inst , in six days from New Orleans, with
troops.
The following is from the Free American of
a late date :
The officers stationed at Puebla have resolv
ed to present a medal to Gen. Lane. On one
side of it is to be the general's likenesss and on
the other side he will he represented entering
the city of Puebla. The medal is to cost one
thousand dollars.
w e are indeed happy to see Gen. Lane re
warded by his brother officers. He is one
among the great number who have by their
noble exploits won the esteem of all their coun
trymen and the confidence of their subalterns
Gen. Lstne left this city about three months
ago, ami in this short space of time has fought
and gained no less than five battles !
A train from Jalapu arrived at Vera Cruz on
the 18th, inst. escorted by a command of nine
ty-five men under Lieut. Tilghman, of the Bal
timore Battnlioj. The Free American says it
was rumored that Gen. Marshall, then at Jala
pa, was to march upon Orizaba as soon as he
could obtain the necessary ammunition.
The Free American publishes several orders
of Col. Hughes Commandant at Jalapa, for
bidding gambling and grog-shops, limiting the
licenses to certain hotels—requiring the inhabi
tants to deposit all arms in the arsenal, and
seizing all American property in the hands of
Mexicans, and holding all Mexicans found with
such property responsible therefor.
Our officers are required to resort frequently
to the Churches ofthe city, to see that the peo
ple are not disturbed in their worship ; they
are also recommended to testify all proper re
spect to the religious ceremonials of the coun
try. The following portion of Col. Hughes’
proclamation is conceived in the best spirit,
and expressed with admirable force and preci
sion :
It is further recommended to all officers and
soldiers to cultivate good relations with the in
habitants of this city—to treat all with becom
ing courtesy and kindness, and to extend ex
pressly to the clargy and the women, that defe
rence, which, in our own country, is so univer
sally conceded to them. Do not let us neglect
to practice in a foreign land those qualities of
which we are so justly proud at home !
The commanding officer feels that no true
soldier will ; and it has been to him a source of
special gratification, and of personal pride,
that, so far, no complaints have been made to
him of any serious encroachments upon the
rights, property or persons of the inhabitants
ofthe city we now occupy, and he entertains
the hope that this propriety of conduct will
continue so long as we may remain in Mexico.
But rest assured, that should a different state of
things arise, he will be as prompt to punish as
he is now ready to commend. We should one
and all regard ourselves as being to a certain
extent representatives of free institutions and
of an enlightened republicanism, and endeavor
to teach, by the force of example, to onr enemies,
those sound principles of religion, humanity,
and justice, which have gained for our country
the high position which it occupies amongst
the most prosperous and civilized nations.
Then follows some wholesome regulations,
which seem to be eminently calculated to pro
mote good feeling among the Mexicans, and
order among the Americans, at that post.
We have very copious files of papers by this
arrival, of which we can make hut little use
to-day. For details of news at Vera Cruz and
in the city of Mexico, we refer to the subjoined
correspondence.
Special Correspondence oj the Picayune.
Vera Cruz, Dec. 23, 1847.
The steamer New Orleans will leave in the morn
ing for your city, with a very large number of those
wounded at the late battles in the valley of Mexico ;
and although they present a melancholy picture, with
what joy will they place their feet upon Freedom’s
soil once more, and what a happy return to their
friends!
The arrival ofihis train has enlivened Vera Cruz
to such an extent that one who had only seen it when
it wears its usually dull appearance would hardly re
cognise it as the same city. The streets are thong
ed with the means of transportation for goods and lha
materials of war to the interior, while the sidewalks
near the public offices are throngeil with strangers,
officers and soldiers, preparing to embark for home.
Col. Dominguez made his second grand entry into
Vera Cruz about 2 o’clock to-day, but. he brings no
later dates from Mexico than those which you have no
doubt ere this received. It :• reported that Mr.
will reach hero to-morrow with an escort of cavalry,
and he may bring dates from Mexico to the 16th No
vember —one day later than has been received.
By this command we may obtain something inter
esting and authentic respecting the propositions which
are reported to have been made by the Mexicans to
send commissioners to Havana to negotiate, although
I have no idea that even if such a proposition has been
made that it will be carried, as the latest accounts
from Queretaro represent affairs as being in rather an
uproarious condition.
The President’s message reached us yesterday by
the brig , and created more interest than any doc
ument that has been received in Vera Cruz for a long
time, and perhaps ihe Mexicans felt a deeper interest
than the Americans, for they have a deeper interet in
the future destiny of the country.
Your friend Peoples, the enterprising editor of the
American Star, who came from Mexico with the train,
immediately chartered a mustang and greaser to take
it along, and, as his plansnre well arranged, I have no
doubt hut that the gend people of Mexico will read it
in three days.
So far as I can learn, although I have read but a
small portion of it myself, it seems to have given almost
universal satisfaction.
Although the road from this to Mexico is now lined
with troops, and every ad vanlageous point permanent
ly garrisoned, the guerrilleros continue to make their
appearance occasionally, and yesterday they not only
wounded Lieut. Gordon, of the rifle regiment, in two
1 laces, but captured about a hundred pack mules,
which were a short distance behind the command and
were the property of Mexicans.
Gen. Twiggs has assumed the command of the De
partment with a good deal of energy, and he will no
doubt make many changes in the administration of
affairs in this Department. I never saw the old gener
al look better than he does now. The bush-hook has
been to work and the brush cut away from under his
chin, so that he can see his knees once more, and those
fine features which have been so long in obscurity are
visible again.
Col. W Ison’s depaiture appears to be a source of
regret to all, and but few men will leave more sincere
friends in Vera Cruz than he. I learn that he has ob
tained leave of absence for a few weeks te visit his
family, when he will return to assume command of his
regiment, which leaves in a few days for Mexico. —
He wil! take passage in the sloop of war Saratoga, in
three or four days for Pensacola, where his family re
side.
Col. Bankhead during the few days he has been
amongst us has matie many friends, and when he
leaves whichever end of the road he takes he will take
the good will of all who have termed his acquaintance
along with him.
It has now become pretty certain, as 1 learn from
many who came with the train, that Lieut. O’Sullivan,
who distinguished himself by his gallantry in the last
b ittles before Mexico, after throwing up hiscommission
joined the Mexicans, and has received an appointment
ofcolonel in the Mexican army. Although as gallant
and brave a man as ever lived, he disgraced himself
on many occasions, by which he lost the respect ofall
his associates, and may now fight as hard against the
American flag as he has fought for it.
Mrs. Ewing closed the theatre last night, and Mr.
Hart, with his new company, will reopen it to-morrow
evening.
The Ist Artillery, under command of Maj. Dim
tnick, will relieve the Ist Infantry to-morrow, and the
latter regiment will remove immediately to camp Ver
gara.
Gen. Pierce will be a passengeron the New Orleans,
and, as 1 learn, will resign as soon as he reaches
Washington.
By tlie train the bodies jfCol. Ransom, Lieut. Col.
Martin Scott, and several others of the gallant officers
who fell at tlie battles of Mexico, were received and
will be forwarded immediately to the United States.
The weather, which has been boisterous for several
days, is now fine, and there is a fa’r prospect that the
steamers will make good passages to New Orleans. —
The Fanny left day before yesterday, but hail to re
turn last evening. Sh<» Ult to-day, and will
touch at Brazos and Tampico.
The frigate Cumberland, Com. Perry’s flag ship,
and the sloop of war John Adams, are now lying at
anchor under the Castle.
Gen. Twiggs. —This veteran officer, who
has been engaged in all the battles in Mexico,
save that of Buena Vista, has taken command
of the Department of Vera Cruz. We see it
announced in a Vera Cruz paper—upon what
authority we do not know —that the General
will remain at Vera Cruz till relieved by Gen. ,
Jesup, when he will proceed to Washington to
fill the post of (iuartermaster General. It is
the first intimation of such movements we have
seen.— Picayune, 29 th ult.
Gen. Fierce.— This gentleman arrived here
yesterday in the New Orleans, and we see it
announced with regret in the papers from
Mexico, that he intends resigning his commis
sion. During the short time he has been in
the service, no officer has more distinguished
himself by his promptitude, energy and cour
age, and we hope that the report may prove
unfounded.— Picayune, 29th ult.
Mr. T ruinan Smith, of Connecticut, has in
troduced a resolution into the House of Repre
sentatives, the object of which is to expel from
circulation the whole brood of small foreign
silver coins, most of which have greatly depre
ciated in value, and to substitute for them the
dimes and half dimes of the United States.
The resolution has been referred to a select
committee, consisting of Messrs. Julius Rock
well, Thibodeaux, Murphy, Chas. Brown and
Green Adams.
Letter from Mr. Clay’,— Extract from a
letter of the Hon. Henry Clay, of the 6th ult.,
to his friend in Virginia, which he presumes to
publish, unauthorized though it be by the dis
tinguished author: —Alexandria Gazette.
“ I have this moment perused an able pamph
let from the pen of Mr. Gallatin, in which,
without any concert between us, I find that he
takes similar positions to those which I had pre
viously occupied. He fortifies them by a stri
king array of facts and powerful arguments.
“lain not surprised at the imputation of un
worthy motives to me for the delivery of the
speech, That has been so long my fortune,
that I should have been surprised if it had not
been made. Will they charge Mr. Gallatin, in
the publication of his pamphlet, with being ac
tuated by the desire to attain the Presidency ?
There is as much ground in the one case as in
the other.”
I. O. O. P.
ICV Miller Lodge, No. 10. —A Regular Meet
ing will be held This (Tuesday) Evening, at 7
o’clock. Members will please be punctual in attend
ance, as the Installation of the Officers for the ensuing
year will take place.
By order of the N. G
ja4 J. E. MARSHALL, Secretary.
Jj’Augusta Manufacturing Company.
Notice is bereb}’ given to the stockholders that an
installment of ten per cent, is required to be paid in
on WEDNESDAY, the 2d February next.
WILLIAM PHILLIPS,
Sec’y Aug. Manuf’^Go.
Augusta, Jan. 1, 1848. jal-lawdtd
O’ Dividend No, 11.--Office iron Steam
Boat Company, Augusta, 3<lJan., 1848.
—The Directors have this day declared a Dividend
of four per cent., payable to the stockholders or
order on and after the first of February next.
ja4-3 G. McLAUGHLIN, Treas.
BY THE TELEGRAPH
TO PETERSBURG, VA.
Transmitted for the Chronicle & Sentinel.
FROM WASHINGTON.
PROCEEDINGS OF CONGRESS.
First Session—Thirtieth Congress.
IN SENATE - Dec. 28.
The Senate adopted resolutions to attend the
! funeral of the lion. Mr. Fairfield at his lodg
j ings, and appointing Mr. Franklin Clark, of
1 the House, to attend the corpse to Maine.
The Senate then adjourned.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
Mr. Washington Hunt gave notice that to
j morrow he would ask leave to introduce a joint
1 re olution of thanks to Maj.-General Winfield
| Scott and the officers under his command, for
their gallant services in the war with Mexico.
Mr. Sawyer offered a resolution to regulate
the trade between the whites and Indians.
The Speaker announced petitions to be the
first thing in order.
Mr. Caleb Smith presented a petition from
citizens of Indiana, praying the abolition of
slavery in the District of Columbia, and moved
that it be referred to the committee on the Dis
trict of Columbia.
Mr. Cabell moved to lay the petition on the
table.
The question upon the motion was taken by
Tellers, and decided in the affirmative—yeas
76, nays 70.
A message was here received from the Sen
ate, communicating the resolutions of that
body in regard to the death of Mr. Fairfield.
Mr. Williams moved to concur in these reso
lutions; and the motion being carried,
The»llouse adjourned.
IN SENATE Dec. 29.
At 12 o’clock, the Vice-President called the
Senate to order. Prayer by the Rev. Mr.
G urley.
The Vice-President laid before the Senate a
report from the Secretary of the Navy in rela
tionto the expenditure of the contingent appro
priation.
The Vice-President laid before the Senate a
communication from the Secretary of the Trea
sury in relation to overflowed public lands in
Arkansas.
The V ice-President also laid before the Se
nate a communication from the Secretary of
the Treasury, relating to a map of the lands
around Sault St. Marie.
Mr. Cass, from the Committee on Military
Affairs, reported a bill to provide for the further
prosecution of the war with Mexico.
Mr. C ass, from the same committee, re
ported a bill relating to volunteers.
Mr. Atherton, from die Committee of Fi
nance, reported a bill from the House to pro
vide for the deficiency in subsistence appropria
tions, which was read a third time and passed.
Mr. Westcolt, from the committee on Patents
atid the Patent Office, reported a bill for in
creasing the number of Examiners in the Pa
tent Office.
On motion of Mr. Crittenden, the bill to
provide for the purchase of the Madison pa
pers were taken up, and after debate, the fur
ther consideration of it was postponed until to
morrow.
A message was received from the House,
announcing the death of Mr. Bradney, of
M ichigau, a member of that body.
Mr. Felch passed a eulogy upon the charac
ter of the deceased.
After which the Senate adjourned.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
Mr. Stuart announced the death of Mr. Ed
ward Bradley, one of the members elected
from the State of Michigan, and pronounced
an appropriate eulogy upon the deceased.
The House thereupon passed the usual re
solutions of respect and condolence, and ad
journed, without farther business, until to-mor
row.
IN SENATE Dec. 30.
On Mr. Badger’s motion, the Committee on
Commerce was instructed to inquire into the
expediency of authorizing additional Eight
H ouses on the North Carolina coast.
On motion of Mr. Clayton, the Committee
on Commerce was instructed to inquire into the
expediency of making an appropriation for the
improvement of the harbors of the Delaware
river.
The \ ice-President was authorized to ap
point a Regent of the Smithsonian Institute,
vice Mr. Cass, resigned.
Mr. Dix, from the Committee on Commerce,
reported a hill authorizing the issue of a Regis
ter for the barque “Canton”—which was
passed.
The resolution proposed by Mr. Reverdy
Johnson, calling on the Secretary of War for
? lists of the numbers of men who have been kil
led and wounded and who have died in the
Mexican war, was taken up and passed.
The bill providing for the purchase of the
Madison papers, was taken up and passed, by
a vote of 2*J to 13.
Mr. Cass moved the Senate to take up the
Ten Regiment bill.
Mr. Calhoun wanted further time before
proceeding with the bill; and Messrs. Clayton
and Berrien opposed taking up the bill at pre
sent. After further debate, the bill was taken
up, but without action
The Senate went into Executive Session,
and adjourned.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
Mr. George VV. Jones moved to take up the
resolution which he hud previously offered, di
recting the committee on Revolutionary Pen
sions to inquire into the expediency of author
izing the Secretary of War to employ addition
alclerks to attend to the increased applications
for bounty land and Treasury scrip.
The Speaker decided that the motion was
not in order, and announced the first thing in
order to be petitions.
Ala ge number were thereupon presented.
Mr. Tuck presented a petition from citizens
of Philadelphia, praying for the appropriation
of the proceeds of the public lands for the ex
tinction of slavery in the Union; and he moved
that it he referred to the committee on territo
ries.
Mr. Gayle moved that it be laid upon the ta
ble,
Upon wmotion, tnequestion was taken
by yeas and nays, and decided in the affirma
tive—yeas 86, nays 70.
Mr. Sclienck offered a resolution that when
the House adjourn, it will adjourn over until
Monday, which was adopted.
Mr. Goggin, from the committee, on Post
Offices and Post Roads, reported a joint reso
lution providing lor transporting the mail be
tween Washington and Richmond by the old
contractors, at the highest prices paid other
contractors. The resolution having been
read by thejelerk.
Mr. Bolts gave a history of the case, advoca
ted the passage ofthe resolution earnestly and
ably, and severely condemned the Postmaster
General.
After the close of my morning despatch, the
discussion of the same subject was continued
up to the hour of adjournment, Messrs. Chae.
Brown, Gog"in Johnson, of Arkansas par
licipated in the debate. The latter moved to
lay the subject on the table; hut the motion
was not on when the House adjourn
ed.
Washington, Dec 30—P. M. —The follow
ing nominations were sent to the Senate to-day
by the President: Minister to China, J. W.
Davis, (late Speaker;) Charge to Naples, Mr.
Rowan; Charge to Sardinia, Mr. Niles.
From New York.
By Telegraph. —Fur the Chronicle and bentinel
Petersburg, Dec. 31. 1847.
Cotton advanced a i since steamers news,
and tendency upwards. Rice unsettled and
heavy. Breadstutfs inactive, tendency down