CHRONICLE & SENTINEL.
BY J. W. & W. S. JONES.
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WITH CHI
NA AND THE SANDWICH ISLANDS.
Report of Committee on Naval Affairs.
[concluded.j
Monterey is situated six hundred miles to i
the southward of the mouth of the Columbia
river, and is therefore in a better climate and a
more central position. The harbors of San
Francisco and Monterey are now so well
known that a particular description of them is
not deemed necessary. They are so near to
gether that it is not material which shall be se
lected as our great naval station and dockyard
on the Pacific coast. Whichever may be oc
cupied for that purpose will unquestionably
become the rendezvous of whaling and other
merchant vessels, and the terminus of the rail
way across the continent. As an unquestiona
ble evidence of the excellence of the harbor of
San Francisco, it is stated that our men-of-war
have beat out of it in a gale of wind.
As lias been stated, and as may have been
perceived trom the facts and arguments advan
ced, it is the object of this report to propose
the establishment of aline of steamers from)
San Francisco or Monterey to Shanghae, and
thence to Canton, in China, and also* the em
ployment of a steam mail packet from the)
same port to the Sandwich Islands. The com- ,
mittee are of opinion that the extent and value
of onr commerce on the Pacific and with Chi
na. not only warrant such a measure, but that
the interests ofour whole country’ require it.
Frequency and rapidity of interco nrse are
found to be the surest means of extending, and
incieasing commerce. When the lines of
steamers were first established across the At
lantic, it wassupposed by some and feared by
many that our sailing packets would be thrown ,
out of employ, and that, if successful at all, we
should, for the sake of celerity of movement, i
simply substitute an expensive for a cheap
mode of communication. So far from this
having been the result, our sailing packets
have gone on increasing in size and number |
beyond all former precedent, showing clearly
that the whole range of our commercial inter
course has been increased by the rapid move
ments of these steamers far beyond what they
themselves arc able to accommodate or con
trol. Imagine for a moment the sudden with-,
drawal oI all steamers from the navigation of
the Atlantic, and who does not perceive that
every branch of trade would receive a shock
which would cause in a few months losses to a
vastly greater amount than their value. It is
with steamships as it is with railways—they cre
ate wealth by facilitating intercourse.
The amount of onr tonnage on the Pacific
and in the China trade is much larger than that
of Great Britain ; yet she maintains a strong
military establishment at her newly acquired
posts in China, and a naval force almost equal
to our v\ hole navy, and also a large squadron
on the west coast of America with mail steam
ers conveying passengers and intelligence in
ail directions, tor the protection and encoixr
agem.-nt of thatcommerce while our govern
ment lias not until recently taken the first step
towards placing onr merchants on a footing,
m these respects, with their British
competitors. Her policy is to protect her
commerce with her navy, and, by extending
her trade, make it support both her manufac
tures and her navy. Take away either, and
the other will perish, and with them British su
premacy. She collects the elements of com
merce from other countries. Nature has sown
them broadcast over ours. Their devel
opment and value will depend on the wisdom
and energy of our commercial policy. So
vast are the products of our soil that a' reduc
tion of one cent a pound on cotton, or one cent
a bushel on Indian corn, or two cents a bush
el on wheat, would be a larger sum of money
than the ordinary annual appropriations for
the naval service- \\ ho does not know that the
price of these products depends on commerce ? '
Cut off our power to export, and what would
be the value of these great staples? In fact
there would not he a market for them. Wore
we to manufacture every pound of cotton we
produce, and forbidden to export what vve
could not consume, the fabrics would he of
comparatively little value ; and this would be
the case with all products, whether of the soil
or the loom. This shows that onr wealth as a
nai-on depends in a great degree on com
merce.
As the route from San Francisco or Mon
terey, byway of Aleutine or Fox islands, to
Shanghae and Canton is but little known, and
the difficulties which may arise in the establish
ment of depots of coal cannot be foreseen, it is
proposed, in the jomtresolutions which accom
pany this report, to employ on this line, for the
two first years or longer, as may he found ex- ;
pedient, three or four sailing steamers now be- |
longing to the navy, or in the course of con
struction. Being fully rigged, it will not be
necessary for them to use coal except in ad
verse weather, winds. or calms; and there
fore the expense attending this service will be
hut little greater than that of ordinary sailin'*
ships. By using steam only as an auxiliary
power, it is quite probable that the whole
distance Irom San Francisco or .Monterey may
be performed with one supply of coal. It will
be necessary, however, to obtain permission
from the Emperor of Russia to establish a de
pot of coal at the Fox Islands, which are situa
ted so as to afford a convenient stopping place j
as nearly as may be halfway between Monte- '
rey and Shanghae. This depot would be re
sorted to by our whaling vessels in the north
Pacific, for the purpose of receiving and com
municating intelligence.
As we proceed on the great circle of Japan,
and, passing through the straits of Sanger, be
tween the islands of Jesso and Japan, we pass
down the Japan and China seas to the city of
Shanghae. which is situated in latitude 31°
north, and immediately adjacent to the richest j
districts of the Chinese empire. In 1845 it ex
ported lfi.ooo bales of silk and 10.000,000 lbs.
ol tea. Sir John Davis in his despatch of the
!J4th February, 1;47 states tha‘ in his opinion :
Ahanghae must be expected to attract to itself
lrade e b U «L the,arSer . P ° r,ion of the British
trade, u seeming to be impossible that teas
should long continue to bear the heavy charge
ol a transport to Canton from the north when
they can be delivered to us so near the ul-ice
of production.” **
As Canton is, and probably will long con
tinue to be, the great emporium of the China
trade, it is proper to make it the terminus of
the proposed line of steamers. It is also the
residence ofour commissioner or minister and
ol our consul at China.
it is believed there will be no want of coal
to supply our steamers. It has been found in
great quantity on Vancouver’s island, and so
easily procured that the Indians sell it to the
Hudson Bav Company for four shillings a ton.
Coal abounds near San Diego, in California,-
It is found in Japan and China, and on the
island of Formos, to the northwest of Canton.
As the climate of the straits of Sanger is re
presented as being very cold in it may
be found expedient, in that season of the year
to make the voyage to the eastward of Japan,
and to enter the China sea to the northward
° ll ‘® Loo Choo islands. This course would
enable u a to have a depot of coal on the north
en ol i ormos, where it is said to be found in
great quantity.
With respect to the number of passengers '
and letters that may be expected to pass over
this route, the committee have no data on which
to form an opinion by stating the distance and
the time which will probably be required to
perform it, as compared with the British over
land route. The distance from New York to
Shanghae has been stated at 10,950 miles. At
an average speed often miles per hour, it
would require a little over forty-five and a half
i days to perform the journey. If we allow four
and a halfdays from Shanghae to Canton, and
ti%e da) s detention at the various stopping
places, vve have fifty five days as the probable
tune required to pass from New York to Can
ton, or vice versa. i lie British overland mail
1 has an average about sixty-five days in making
the passage from Canton or Hong Kong to
i London. If, therefore, we accelerate the
' speed of onr steamers but one mile per hour,
j we shall perform the distance in fifty-two days,
and enable passengers to arrive in London
from Canton by the American in as short time
as the) now do by the British route. To ail
j passengers from this continent the former will
| offer greatly superior inducements and advan
tages. From New York and ail our Atlantic
ports there will be a saving of at least twenty
to twenty-five days, and of course, a corres
ponding economy of expenses. The expense
of a passage on the overland route from Can
ton to London, and thence to New York, is
stated at one thousand dollars; from London
, to Canton, exclusive of hotel expenses, eight
hundred dollars. By the extension of the tele
graphic wires to the Pacific, at the port of de
parture for the steamers, the transmission of
intelligence may be greatly accelerated. If vve
give to onr steamers on the Pacific a speed of
fifteen miles an hour, which is believed to he
quite practicable on that ocean, the distance
from Shanghae to San Francisco or Monte
rey may be performed in fifteen days; and on
i the day of the arrival of the steamer the inteili
! gence may be communicated to all our Allan
j tic cities ; from New York to London in twelve
days; making twenty-seven days from Canton
or Shanghae to England, or less than half the
I i me now required on the overland route. —
The distance from Calcutta , the sea‘ of the
British government and power in India, to
Canton, is three thousand eight hundred miles.
At ten miles an hour — the speed of the British
post office steamers in those waters—it would
require about sixteen days to pass from Cal
cutta to Canton. Add this to the tvvenly-scven
days from Canton to England, and vve have
forty-three days from Calcutta to London,
which is some days less than the time now re
quired to send intelligence by the British line.
We therefore have it in onr power ultimately
to establish and control the most rapid means
of communication with all India as well as
China. J his, in a commercial point of view
is of vast importance.
The Dutch mail from Batavia, and the Span
ish mail from Manilla, are brought in steamers
to Singapore, to be placed in the British line
for Europe. I hese despatches will, as a mat
ter of course, come this way on the establish
ment ol the American line. Air. Macgregor,
the British consul at Canton, in assignin'* the
reasons for the languid state of trade at°that
port in 1a44, says: “Another cause of the de
tention ol the ships was the suspense in which
the merchants were kept as to the state of the
European markets, deprived as they were of all
advices during nearly five months ” The pro
posed line of communication will give the
American merchants and manufacturers great- I
ly the advantage of those of Europe in the I
means oi communicating with correspondents I
in China. Intelligence of the favorable state
, the market, being from fifteen to twenty
s l iter than it can be communicated to Eng- j
land, shipments may be made to meet the de- I
. maud, and arrive in time to supply it lon** be- j
lore any arrivals can take place from London
or Liverpool.
Many elaborate and seemingly accurate cal
culations have been made b_v Mr. Whitney and
i others respecting the practicability of trans
porting freight from the Pacific to the Atlantic
on a railway, especially teas and silks, and of
conveying cotton, Indian corn, and other pro
ducts from the Western and Southwestern and
manufactured goods Irom the Eastern States
to the Pacific, and thence to China and other
markets of the Last. The committee do not
deem it necessary to repeat these facts
and figures, but will merely say that they ap
pear to lead to practicable and attainable re
sults ol a most remarkable character; all going
to show the great importance of the proposed
lines ofcomuiunication lo China and the Sand
i wichlslands. The distance from the Atlantic
to the Pacific, on t ic proposed railway route
will be about three thousand miles. \[
twenty miles per hour, including delays, it
i will require live days to pass from ocean to
ocean. If we allow fifteen days for the pas
sage across the Pacific, we find that the
I ™ a,ls aud passengers may he conveyed from
I Canton to New York in twenty and to London
in thirty-two days; thus bringing them to New
York in less than one third and to London in
about one-hall the time now required to pass
| over the British or overland route.
The completion of this system of com
tnnnication would, undoubtedly, in a few year?,
cause the balance ol trade with all nations to
turn in onr favor, and make New York what
London now is, the great settling house of the
world, hitnated as this continent is on the
globe, almost midway between Europe and
Asia, with this concentration of intelligence by
steamships, we should extend onr communica
j tion* with equal facility to both, and each
would be dependant on us for information from
the other.
I rom some very important facts and argu
ments on the subject of the proposed railway
from the Mississippi to Monterey or San Fran
cisco, vve refer to the very able letter of Lieut.
Maury, in the appendix.
For the purpose of meeting the immediate
wants of the whale fishery, the committee
propose to place a steamer belonging to the
navy on the route from Monterey or San Fran
cisco to the Sandwich Islands. " The distance
, is a little over two thousand miles, as marked
\ on the chart ; and a steamer, at tiie rate of
, ten miles an hour, will pass over it in a little
more than eight days. The object is to secure
the transmission of the mail once a month from
Monterey or *San Francisco to the Sandwich
Islands and back, so as to form a connexion
with the monthly line from New York to Ore
gon.
The great object in the establishment of these
lines of steamers being to protect our com
merce, as well as to communicate intelligence
in the shortest possible time from one conti
nent to the other and to the Sandwich Islands,
it is proposed to employ, for a few years at
\ least, Government war steamers of a large
class with suitable accommodations for pas
; sengers, who shall, under proper regulations,
I be received on board.
I or the purpose of accomplishing these ob
jects, the committee offer the accompanying
joint resolutions:
j JoINT Resolutions proposing the establishment of
j lines of Government war steamers from the port of
. Monterey or San Francisco, in California, toShan**-
hae ano Canton, in China, and from the same port
to the Sandwich Islands.
Ist. Resolved, if-c., That for the purpose of afford-
I mg suitable encouragement and protection to our ex
tensive and rapidly increasing commerce on the Pi
1 citic Ocean and with China, it is expedient to provide
the means ot frequent and speedy communication
with the present rendezvous of our whaling vessels
in the Sandwich Islands and with the principal ports
t open to foreign trade in China. In the absence of
| such information as would enable our merchants to
1 offer Lo contract on reasonable terms for this service,
j and that our tl ig may be the more respected in those
distant portions of the globe, it is expedient that the
j service shall be performed, for some years to come, by
a large class of Government war steamers: therefoie
to accomplish these objects as speedily and effectually
I as possible, the Secretary of the Navy is hereby di
rected to employ one war steamer of a large class in
the transportation of the mail and passengers from
1 Monterey or San Francisco, in California, to the Sand
t wich Islands and back once a month ; that he shall,
as soon as practicable, establish a line of war ateam
' ere, to consist of three or four now built or being
i from one of the ports on the American
coast, byway of the Aleutian or Fox Islands. »o
Shanghae, and thence to Canton, in China. Tl’ e
\ mail to be taken from the port of departure on the
: American coast, immediately on its arrival from Pana
ma, and delivered as regularly as practicable once a
month at the above named porta in China, and to be
conveyed from those ports to the port of departure, m
California, once a month, so as to be placed on board
' the steamer bound to Panama with the mail from
i Oregon.
2d. Resolved , That the Secretary of the Navy
shall cause to be prepared such accommodations on
board said ships as they will admit of for passenger ß )
who shall be conveyed for such price, and subject to
such rules and regulations ns he shall prescribe. That
the pursers of said ships shall take charge ot the mails,
deliver all letters and papers on board ship in foreign
ports, and receive the postage thereon, which shall be
equal, in proportion to the distance, to the postage
charged on mailable matter in the British mail from
China. He shall also receive the fare from passen
gers, account for all money so received to the account
ing officers of the Treasury.
3d. Resolved , That the Secretary of the Navy is
hereby authorized to establish such depots of coal ns
may be found necessary to supply the steamers to be
employed in the service hereby ordered.
4th, Resolved, That two years after the passage of
these joint resolutions, the Secretary of the Navy
shall advertise three months in two of the principal
newspapers ofßostoo, New'-York, Baltimore Charles
ton, Savannah, and New-Orleans, for contracts for
the transportation of the mail in five steamers on the
route to China, and two on the route to the Sandw'ich
Islands, of not less than one thousand tons burden
each. Said steamers to he so constructed as to carry
a suitable armament of long heavy guns; to have an
' average speed of at least fifteen miles an hour at
sea; to be convertible at the least possible expense
into war steamers, and subject at nil times to be ta
ken by the Government at a reasonable valuation ;
to he commanded by officers of the line of the navy
not below the grade of lieutenant, and to receive four
midshipmen each as watch officers, and to carry a
mail agent on board ; all of w hom shall be suitably
accommodated without charge to the Government.
The said steamers shall make twenty-four passages,
twelve each way, in a year, between Sun Francisco
or Monterey andShanghae and Canton, and an equal
number to the Sandw'ich Islands. After having ad
vertised three months for proposals, ihe Secretary
ofthe Navy shall open them in presence of the par
ties making, and shall contract, on the part of the
Government of the United States, for the service
herein described and ordered. No proposals shall
be accepted from any party of parties who cannot
show, to the satisfaction of the Secretary of the Navy,
that he or they and his or their associates can per
form in good faith all the contract or contract shall re
quire. The most favorable proposal or proposals made
by parties thus able to perform shall be accepted, and
the contract or contiacts shall continue for ton years.
Chronicle auD Sentinel.
AUG-U S T A, GA:
MONDAY MORNING, MAY !>, l*ls.
The Steamer Arrived.—lt was announced
by Telegraph yesterday at an early hour ofthe
day, that the Caledonia had arrived at Boston,
but up to the time of going to press we had not
received any despatch of her news.
Irisli Troubles.
“ There is one radical fault in this, and in ninety-nine
c ut of every hundred of the speeches, essays and
a ominunications relative to Irish affairs. It is the
j . bsence of practical suggestions and ideas. There
;s no difference of opinion upon the point that Ireland
*s oppressed and down-trodden; that she has the
will, and ought to make the effort, to throw off the
British yoke. No ini'entives are required to arouse
: the Irish ; eople to action, but what they want is, to
j be clearly informed of the most practicable and effec
-1 live modes ofaccomplisbing their desires. They have
the will—they want to know the way. let all wri
ters and orators, instead of entertaining them with
beautiful thoughts and eloquent sentiments, and apply
their wisdom and their experience to the point
ing out the true mode—the most effective means —by
which Ireland can be redeemed and disenthralled. —
True patriotism must be practical.—.V. O. Delta.
Very well. Let all the people of Ireland
cease to quarrel among themselves about mat
ters of religious faith, and with one voice de
mand the right of self-government and exercise
it, and no body will say “ why do ye so V iNet
j a gun would he tired or a life lost to redeem
the green Isle from British thraldom, if every
Irishman would ask for separation. But near
ly all ofthe aristocracy and capitalists, and two
thirds ofthe Protestants of that country still
cling to English rule in Ireland. It is emphati
cally a nation divided against itself; and its
condition will ever be most deplorable, so long
as intense religious antipathies are cherished,
and domestic broils are fostered. It is well
•aid that “true patriotism must be practical.”
Such patriotism is very scarce in Ireland. A
sect, a party, is every thing; country next lo
nothing.
Bread.
The hot and sickly season of* the year is at
hand, and it may not he amiss to say a word or
two on dietetics in general, aud good bread in
particular. Temperance in eating is too much
disregarded, especially in warm weather, when
the system is relaxed by heat, and from its loss
of tone, is predisposed to disease.
All food which is difficult of digestion should
be avoided, and all meats and stimulants be
sparingly consumed. Superfine flour does
not make the best bread : nor does the half-bran
commons or shorts, so much used in the city of
New Y ork. To get Hour best adapted to weak
and dispeptic stomachs in this market, one will
I be sure not to be deceived, if he purchase a
; bushel or tw T o of the best wheat he can find,
washes it thorougly in a tub of clean water, dries
it, has it ground and not bolted. Before the
flour is wet up for bread, a little of the coarse
bran should be sifted out, and given to the cow
or pig. Let it now be raised with good yeast,
and be sure to bake it pretty hard, and before the
dough is the least sour. Such bread contains
three or four limes more oil than that made of
superfine flour. This, together with the me
chanical action of the comparatively coarse par
ticles of canel in the unbolted flour, acts as a
laxative, and prevents the unpleasant necessity
of taking medicine in many cases. To mix one
part of corn meal with two ofthe flour above
described, makes a sweet and very palatable
bread.
Well Put —The N. O. Delta thus com
ments on the alleged humanity of meddling
with the civil war now in progress in Yucatan:
“We are opposed to aiding Yucatan on any such
ground as that staled by Mr. Calhoun, and set forth
by commissioner Justo Sierra, to wit: that of humani
ty and the necessity of protecting the whites against
the colored races. It would he extremely difficult for
Mr. Calhoun, keen as he is in making distinctions
and drawing lines, lo distinguish between the white
and colored races in any State of Mexico. So com
plex and numerous arc the shades of colors, so nicely
1 blended, so unrestrained and nndefinable is the inter
• mixture ofthe various races, that it will sorely puzzle
! our authorities lo know when they go to Yucatan,
* i which is the white, and which the colored side of this
i , controversy.
“ “As to the humanity of their warfare, it will be still
; rnore difficult lo make this discriminatiou. It is ra
ther amusing to hear Mexican agents call upon the
> united States to aid them ia repelling an enemy who
ware against them, in a savage and inhuman fashion,
and regardless of the rules of civilized warfare, and
1 rather soft in our public functionaries to hearken to
1 and repeat such gammon.
We should like to know when the Mexicans
i showed themselves any belter acquainted with or
more disposed to regard the rules of civilized warfars
than the Yucateco Indians. Was it at Buena Vista, 1
when their I anceros charged the field covered with
our wounded men, and there in cold blood stabbed
the agonized bodies ofour brave soldiers, from whom
they had shrunk in open combat? Was it at Molino
del Rey, where the flower of our army was murder
ed in the same barbarous manner, where Mclntosh,
Graham, Martin Scott, and a host of other gallant
spirits, who fell disabled on the field, were slain by
sneaking cowards of Mexicans with long spears ?
Mas it their repeated violations of their parole, and
their acknowledged ignorance of its obligations? It
is then inconceivably foolish in our statesmen to be
gulled by such stuff as that with which Justo Sierra is
humbugging them.”
The Delta goes tooth and nail for Y ucatan,
not on the ridiculous plea of “ humanity,” but
because it wants the territory. This is the
only reason why Mr. Polk proposes sending
troops to that state. /Fie prefer to save both the
lives and money which the conquest of the
peninsula will cost for the next twenty-five
years.
BY TELEGRAPH.
Transmitted forth* Chronicle & Sentinel.
[FROM OUR CORRESPONDENT.!
Charleston, May 21, 12h. 30m. P. M.
The Cotton market yesterday was quiet.
Sales 160 bales at cents.
From the Baltimore Sun.
The Yucatan Instructions.
The National Intelligencer publishes two let
ters from the Secretary ofthe Navy, to Com.
Perry, relative to the affairs of Yucatan, the
last of which is dale d May 12th. The Secre
tary of ihe Navy expresses the satisfaction of
the department with Com. Perry’s course of
proceeding in his late visit to the coast of Yuca
tan. His efforts to relieve the inhabitants, as far
as bis limited means would allow, are approved
of. The Secretary says he was reluctant to
order the “ Albany” to Laguna, inasmuch as
the force of the squadron in the gulf was also
so much weakened by the return of the John
Adams and other vessels.
He directs that the entire force ofthe marines
at Alvarado be sent to Laguna; with instruc
tions to repel the Indians if they approach that
point; but there is not, be says, sufficient force
or equipment to justify a march into the inte
rior. lie directs that all arms and munitions
of war be admitted free into the ports of Yu
catan.
The following is the most important part of
the order, which we have, however, published
before:
“ While the United Stales are engaged in a
war witli Mexico, the actual presence, without
our consent, of the armed force of a neutral
power within the territory of our enemy, co
operating with any portion of the Mexican
people in military operations, [even assisting
the Yucatanese to resist the Indians, we sup
pose,] cannot be permitted. Such a slate of
things, it is hoped, will not occur. If you
should have reason lo believe that it will, you
will communicate it without further delay, that
the President may take such measures as his con
stitutional duty will require at his hands.”
Steam Communication with France.—The
new American steamer United States. Captain
Hackstatf, which has made so successful a pas
sage to Liverpool, will after her return be em
ployed as a regular packet between New Y’ork
and Havre, leating New York on her first trip
on her new service on the 10th of next month.
So states the Commercial Advertiser.
Failures at Boston. —The Boston Traveller
says: “A large failure in the West India trade,
startled the commercial world of Boston, last
Saturday, and reports of another extensive
firm as embarrassed, were freely circulated on
Monday, but without ascertained correctness.”
Large and Valuable Cargo.—The ship
Kate 11 outer cleared at this port yesterday, for :
Liverpool, with 2,659 bales of Upland cotton,
and 365 [tales Sea Island, in all 3,024 bales,
valued at present prices at $95,208. The lo
ta] number of pounds is 1,861,940, of which 1,-
140,476 is Upland, and 121.464 is Sea Island.—
Sav. Rep , 20fA inst.
Important Arrest.—On Wednesday, the
3d instant, the *• Boston Association for the
Prevention of Counterfeits,” aided by the po
lice and some U. S. functionaries, arrested
some dozen counterfeiters in the neighboring
town of Barnstown—the most important ar
rest that has been nude for years. The police
found about twenty-five counterfeit bank bill
plates—dies for coining Cagles, Half and Quar
ter Eagles, Spanish milled and Mexican dollars
and half dollars, a quantity of counterfeit coin,
about $30,000 in counterfeit bills, besides hav
ing evidence of a half bushel of bills burnt.
They also secured two reams bank paper, ink,
three printing presses, stamping machines, cru
cibles, &c., showing that a yet more extensive
business was in contemplation.
Major General.— Liet. George T. Ander
son has undoubtedly been elected to the office
of Major General of the Uth division G. M.,
rendered vacant by the death of Gen. K. M.
Echols. The vote returns with the exception
of Paulding being received stands as follows;
Anderson, Nelson.
Cobb 28 282
DeKalb 28 335
Newton 790 g
Walton 371 (j
Gwinnett 54 30
Total, 1224 661
Anderson’s maj. 563
\V e saw corn tassels in our garden this mor
ning. Can any editor in the same latitude, who
works his own garden, rocks his own cradle,
carries water for bis own wife, and writes his
own editorials, say as much ? We commenced
digging and eating our early Irish Potatoes on
the Bth of May, and would have boasted of it
dhly for the reason that we were afraid that
some one had beat ns a few weeks. We have
waited, however, in vain to hear from others,
so that we will boast anyhow. None will be
permitted to compete with us except those who
do their own work. We will not contend with
a nigger in hoeing corn, or digging potatoes.—
Rome ( Ga .) Journal.
O’ Testimony of the Doctors in Favor
of VVistar’a Balsam of Wild Cherry.—
Exeter, Me. Sept. 30, 1345—This certifies that I have
recommended the use of Dr. Wistars Balsam of Wild
Cherry for diseases of the Lungs, for two years past,
and many bottles to my knowledge have been used
by my jatients, all with beneficial results. Iu two
cases, where it was thought confirmed consumption
had taken place, the wild cherry effected a cure.
E. BOYKEN, Physician.
I have heard of many cases of decided beneficial
effects from its use, especially in Asthma and chronic
cough of spasmodic character. I have used the Wild
Cherry a great deal in practice, and with marked
good results in those cases of great nervous mobility
and irritability, to which phthisical patients are sub
ject. The combination of these principles in Wistar’s
Bal-m of Wild Cherry is ingenious and Judicious.
Medical men are justly distrustful ofPatent Medi
cines in general, but candor must discriminate be- 1
tween outrageous humbugs and nostrums and those
medicines which have proved salutary, and in many
well attested cases curative.”
Br. Hoffman, Huntingdon, Pa., cured a child of
Asthma with it, after he declared he could do uo I
more with his medicine, and the child must die.
t , l)r - Freieigh, ofSaugerties, N. Y., says he cured
I. iver Complaint of four y rs standing, that would
not yield to the usual remedies.
Abraham Skillman. M. D., ofßoundbrook, N. J.,
says it is the best medicine for Consumption, in every
stage, that he has ever known. W e might refer you
to hundreds of coses, had we room, that would con
vince all ot hs great virtue.
Editors, lawyers, clergymen, and almost every class
have at last found out that Wistars Balsam of Wild
Cherry is what “it is recommended lo be,” the
very best medicine to be found. It cures or relieves
f all affections of the Lungs when nothing else will.
IN ADVANCE OF THE MAIL. ’
BY PRIVATE EXPRESS.
CONGRESSIONAL PROCEEDINGS.
From the Report of the Baltimore Sun.
In Senate Wednesday, May 17. :
Mr. Dix from the committee on commerce,
reported Senate bill extending the privileges
of vessels engaged :n trading from one port of
the United States to another* with the House
amendment thereto. The amendment was
001 enrred in, and so the bill stands passed.
Mr. Niles submitted a resolution which was
adopted, calling on the Secretary of the Trea
sury for information as to the mode adopted in
reference to the payment of the interest on the
public debt, and whether any payments have
been made in Philadelphia, New York and
Boston, in any thing but gold and silver coin
The bill authorising notaries public to take
out affirmations, and acknowledgements in cer
tain cases, was passed.
Several bills from the House were read
twice and referred.
The bill to amend the act to raise for a limit
ed time an additional military force, and for
other purposes, [continuing their bounty lands
to officers promoted from the ranks] was taken
up and the amendments of the House con
curred in. So the hill stands passed.
The bill providing for the obtaining of testi
mony in relation to losses sustained in the Flo
rida war, was taken up, and, adebate ensuing,
it was passed over informally.
The consideration of the Y ucatan bill was
then resumed, the question being on an amend
ment offered by Mr. Dix at the close ofyester
day's session, authorising the President to use
the army and navy of the U. States for the pro
tection of Yucatan. with the consent and appro
bation of her authorities.
Mr. Dix said he had not intended to make
any remarks on his substitute, had it been un
derstood that the debate was not to be contin
ued. But so many inquiries had been ad
dressed to him in regard to the character of
this substitute that he felt called upon to make
some explanation.
In the present condition of Yrucatan, he
thought it clear that we had aright to interfere,
in some manner. Yucatan had never really
been subject to either Old Spain or to Mexico.
The relation in which she iiad from time to
time stood towards those powers, were explain
ed. Since the commencement of the war with
Mexico, Yucatan, thonirh by her own act in
1843, an integral part of Mexico, had stood in
the position of a neutral, but considering Yu
catan as a part of Mexico, as we had done,
during the existence of the armistice, he
thought it doubtful whether we had the power
to take the military occupation proposed—it
seemed to him that the consent of the Central
Government of Mexico was necessary. He
considered it proper, however, lo interpose in
the manner proposed by his amendment. He j
only objected to the first section of the bill, as
reported by the chairman of the committee on
foreign relations—he was ready to vote for the
second and third sections.
His substitute, for the first section, proposed
to put the army and navy at tbe disposition of
the President, to aid in putting an end to the
devastating war in Y'ucatun. provided ibis aid
shall be so rendered t« concurrence with the
Government of YTicatan. It was the peculiar
relation in which we stand toward Mexico and
Y ucatan, which constituted the chief objection
to the first section of the bill ; but we might
furnish assistance without violating the treaty,
or the conditions of the armistice, and such in
terference would be considered an act offriend
ship and humanity.
We had so interfered already, in other cases,
ob grounds which may be considered applica
ble to this. Tbe object of the substitute offer
ed by the Senator from Mississippi, was rather
to provide the President with means, than to
confer any additional authority to act. But this
places the army and navy at his disposal, pro
vided be shall act in concurrence, or rather in
subordination, to the government of Yucatan,
and thereby all pretence that the armistice had
been violated would be removed.
Mr. Hannegan, at the close of Mr. Dix’s
speech, rose and said that since the commence
ment of the Senator’s remarks, he had received
information, in addition to that which appeared
in the Baltimore Sun of this morning, which,
though from a private source, satisfied him that
a treaty had been entered into between the
white and Indian population of Yucatan, which
might render any interference on our part un
necessary. For this reason he felt it to be his du
ty not to press the vote on the bill to-day, and he
would therefore move that it be passed by in
formally. This treaty, the heads of which were
given in the Baltimore Sun, was apparently a
very fair one, and he hoped would restore
peace and harmony to that distracted country.
Mr. Dix expressed bis regret that he had not
sooner been apprised of this, as the Senate
would do him the justice to say that he w as not
in the habit of inflicting upon them a speech un
necessarily.
Mr. Hannegan had been unable to do so at
first; and another reason for not interrupting
the Senator was, that he knew he always made
a good speech, and he wanted to hear him.
After some further remarks by Messrs.
Underwood, Foote, Hannegan, Niles and
Houston, the bill was inlormalfy passed over,
and the Senate adjourned.
House of Representatives.
Mr. Kaufman introduced a joint resolution,
which was twice read and referred, giving to
1 exas authority to extend her eastern boun
dary, so as to include Sabine Pass, Sabine
Lake, and Sabine River, as far north as the
32d degree.
The bill from the Senate, providing for free
communication across the Eastern Branch of
the Potomac was referred to the committee of
the whole.
Ihe report ol the committee of conference
on the bill providing fur additional number of
examiners in tbe patent office was taken up,
and alter considerable debate, the report was
finally, under the operation of the previous
question, adopted, 62 to 69, and the bill ac
cordingly stands passed.
Mr. Gayle reported a hill to grant portions
of public lands to the Mobile aud Ohio Rail
road. Read twice and referred.
The consideration of the annual navy pen
sion bill was then resumed in committee ofthe
whole ; as was also the annual appropriation
bill for the service 0 f the Post office Department
—and after debate, tbe first mentioned was re
ported to the House, without amendment, and
passed. On the oilier, the committee came to
no conclusioe.
Alter some further business, not important,
the House adjourned.
A great number of delegates to the Demo
cratic National Convention have arrived in
j Washington, princpallv from the South and
West, a very decided majority of whom are iu
I favor of Gen. Cess for the next Presidency.
Should the majority rule be adopted in that
! Convention, there can be no doubt that he will
be nominated on tbe first ballot; and it seems
to be quite probable he will, even should the
two-thirds rule be adopted, ultimately receive
the nomination. The only hope j.-any other
1 candidate must now be in the adoption of the
two-thirds rule, for there can be no doubt that
j Gen. Cass will have a majority perhaps of two
s thirds of the delegates to the Convention.
Iu Senate Thursday, May 18.
The Vice President laid before the Senate a
letter from tiie Secretary of the Navy, com
municating the papers in the case of Mrs. Can
sin, called for by a resolution offered by Mr.
Johnson, of Md.
Also, a communication from the Treasury
Department, in reply to a resolution of the
Senate, covering a statement of the amount of
Sugar imported into the United in the years
i 1844 5-6-7. J
The report ofthe Committee of Conference
j on the bill, providing for additional Examiners
■ in the Patent Office, was agreed to. So the
bill has finally passed both Houses.
! . The consideration of Mr. Johnson’s rejoin
tion, calling on the President for Information
i in regard to the commission of Gens. Pillow
and Cushing, was resumed, and Mr. Allen re
plied. at great length, to the several points in
Mr. Johnson's speech, on executive and legis
lative usurpations, the veto power, executive
patronage, and U. States Bank, the French
Spoliation and River and Harbor Bills. &c.
At nearly 4 o’clock, the Senate went into
Executive session, and shortly afterwards ad
. journed.
House of Representatives.
Mr. Duer asked leave to offer the following
resolution, but objection being made, it was not
received:
Resolved, That the committee on the public
lands be instructed to inquire into the expe
diency of setting apart a portion of the public
lands for the exclusive use and possession of
the free black persons, on the following terms,
viz:
1. That every free black male person, above
the age of twenty-one years, removing to and
making his residence in such territory, s l ’all be
entitled to occupy and cultivate acres of the
public lands situated therein; and after so oc
cupying and improving the same for— years,
shall be entitled to recover a grant of the same,
free of all cost or charge whatsoever.
2. That no sale of land within such territory
be made by government, or be permitted to be
made by individuals, to white persons.
3. That portions of said lands be set apart for
the purpose of education. #
4. That such territory be separately organ
ized and governed under the authority of Con
gress.
5. That when the inhabitants of said territo
ry shall amount to thousands, ’hey shall
be invested with such powers of self govern
ment as are usually granted to the territories of
the United States.
Mr. Kaufman presented resolutions of the
Texas Legislature, in relation to the services of
the volunteers, the “proviso,” slavery,and tire
war with Mexico
The consideration of the bill making appro
priations for the service of the Post Office De
partment, was resumed in Committee of the
VVhole, but, without coming to any conclusion
thereon, the committee rose and tiie House ad
journed. [The discussion on this bill was
chiefly in reference to the approaching Presi
dential canvass.]
Adjournment of Congress.— Washington,
May 18, 8 P. M. —The Senate this evening,
after an Executive session, agreed to adjourn
from Monday next to Thursday, so that both
Houses will adjourn. On the journal it will
appear that the adjournment was for the pur
pose of putting the two Houses in their sum
mer dress, whilst it wif also afford an oppor
tunity for a general attendance at the Demo
cratic National Convention in your city next
week,— Cor. Balt. Sun.
The Last Fire in Albany.—The Knicker
bocker gives the total loss of the Insuranct
Companies, as far as heard from, by the fire in
Albany on Monday, as follows : Albany Insu
rance Company, about $13,000. In this com
pany the Columbia was insured for S4OOO ;
probably half that sum will repair the building;
Firemen’s Insurance Company, Albanv, $1500;
Albany Mutual Insurance, $3,400 ; North Ame
rican $1000: Hartford Company $4000;
Hartford, SIOOO ; Camden, N. J..
S2OOO.
Money at the East.—At New York, on
i first class securities, on call money is very
j abundant, and a few loans have been
! made as low as 5 per cent. At 6 per cent.
! money is abundant. Paper goes at 7 per cent,
for favorite signatures, which are not plenty.
At Philadelpnia, the money market is about
! as it has been for a month past —money is not
1 dear on first rate security, but is not readily
obtainable at any price on'doiiblful security.
At Boston, the money market is moderately
easy.
New York Democratic Delegates.—The
Democratic delegation, elected by districts,
(yclept Old Hunkers.) from the State of New
York to the National Convention in this city,
were in session at Howard’s hotel, New York
city, on Wednesday afternoon, and selected
the delegates for the State at large, viz : Sam
uel S. Dickenson, (Senator in Congress.) and
Henry A. Foster. Alternates. Lorenzo B
Shepard and Aaron Ward. The delegates of
the other (Barn-burners, so called,) branch of
the parly were to meet at the City Hotel yes
terday, and both delegations will probably
leave f or Baltimore about the same time.—
Balt. Sun.
Boston, May 17, 1848. —Sailing of the
Britannia. --Thesteamer Britannia took out thir
ty-five passengers for Liverpool, and three for
Halifax. Her specie amounted to only $12,-
600.
Exports of Boston. — The Post states the
Exports from Boston for the first quarter of
1848, including $240,979 in specie, at $2,212,-
117. Same quarter in 1847, including $76.-
935 in specie, $2,267,646. Decrease in 184;,
$55,529.
The French Steamships.—The late ad
vices Irom France state that the Provisional
Government has abolished the line of trans-
Atlantic steamers to New York, and placed the
vessels composing the line in ordinary.
Halifax Gazette states that tele
graphic communications between Halifax, N.
S.. and Calais, Me., to connect with one from
Calais to Portland, and thence to New Orleans,
will soon be established, as the work is already
in progress.
One of the largest stock brokers of Wall-st.,
New York, is said to have failed on Tuesday.
NEW 4 ORK, May IS, P. M.—Cotton has been
more active to-dsy, wiih sales of 1,500 bales at prices
prevailing before the steamer, and firm for the higher
grades.
There is not much doing in flour, and the tendency
may be said to be downward. The sales are about
4,000 bhls, at 55.75 a $0 fir Oswego, the former for
lots in bad order. In Southern the transactions are
moderate, and prices vary from 56.25 to 86.37 J.
Meal is firm .it $6 50 for Jersey.
BY EXPRESS FROM THE SOUTH.
One clay in Advance of the Regular Mail,
The United Sta'es schooner Velasco, Capt.
Decker, arrived yesterday from Vera Cruz,
having sailed the Bth inst. This is four days
later than our previous advices. The Velasco
brought no papers, but we learn by her that
the steamship Edith was expected to sail in a
few days, being detained only to await the arri
val of a courier from Mexico. — Pic. 16fA inst.
Marine Disaster. —The steamer Relamptgo,
Capt. Lentz, arrived last evening from Frou
tera, the Bth inst., reports the brig Frances
Amy, Capt. Gunby, a total loss off the port
Frontera. on or about the 20th ult. No ive«
lost.— Pic. lOeh inst.
Prom Texas.
We have received by the Palmetto Galveston
j papers to the 13th. We make a few extracts
from the News:— Pic., 17 th.
Storm in Walkkb county.—We learn from
the Banner that a hurricane passed near the
town of Huntsville on the night of the *29ih ult.
Its course was southeast, carrying off the tops
of houses and strewing the fields with fallen
trees.
We learn from the Pioneer that the citizens
of Rusk, Cherokee county, were lately thrown
into an excitement by the death of Mr. James
Mosely, a resident of that place. Ht was shot
with a pistol by David Gass, of the seme coun
ty. Tho cause of the tragical act is not s ated.
Gass is now in prison.
