Georgia Historic Newspapers

    CHRONICLER SENTINEL.
■“ & W. S. JONES.
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this city,
Death of Murat.
At six o’clock on the morning of the 13th De
cember, Capt. Stralti entered the king’s prison.
He found him in his bed asleep, and desirous
not to awake him, was quilting the room when
he upset a chair. The noise disturbed Murat,
who started up, and demanded the captain’s
business, Stralti was so overcome, however,
that he was unable to reply. The ex-king
therefore proceeded. ‘ You have received or
ders from Naples: is it not so?’
‘ Yes sire,’ mannered Stratti.
• What do they contain ?’
‘ Orders for your majesty’s trial,’
‘ And who are to be my judges, ifyou please?
Where can they find my equals to sit in judg
ment upon me? If they look upon me as a
king, I must be tried by my brother sovereigns;
if asa marshal of France, my fate can only be
decided on by officers of that rank; if even as
a mere general, none less than a general can sit
on the bench as my judges.’
‘As a public enemy, sire, you may betried
by ordinary court martial. All rebels, without
respect to rank, may be brought before such
a tribunal. The law was framed by your
self.’ . ial l I WM i 188
‘ Yes, agaiustbrigands, not sir, against crown
ed heads. However, lam ready ; they may
assassinate me as soon as they like.’
‘ Would you not wish to hear the names of
the members?’
‘ Yes, it is as well; it must be a curious list,
read on ; I’m all attention.’
When he had done, the king, turning to him
with a bitter smile, merely observed, —‘ It is
well, they seem to hare taken every precau
tion.’
‘How so, sire ?’
■ Can’t you perceive that every member
named, with the exception ofFrancesco Froio,
owes his rank to me ? Naturally they will fear
being accused of partiality if they decide in
my favor.’
‘ Sire, why not appear personally before
them, and plead your own cause?’
‘ Silence, sir-silence—Such a court, I still
maintain, is incompetent ; I should consider
myself degraded if 1 pleaded before it. I am
aware that I cannot save my life; at least,
then, allow me to save the dignity of my
crown.’
r At Ibis moment Francesco Froio entered.
He interrogated him. His first question was
touching his name, his age, his country ?
Murat suddenly started up, cried with all
the stern dignity he was capable of assuming.
‘I am Joachim Napoleon, king of the two Sici
lies ; and I command you instantly to leave the
room.’ The abashed inquisitor immediately
retired.
Murat now rose, and putting on his panta
loons, sat down and wrote a most affectionate
letter to his wife ; left ins children his dying
blessing ; and cutting off a lock of his hair en
closed it in the letter.
Nunziante now entered. ‘Swear to me,
general, as a husband and a father,’ cried Mu
rut, as he folded up the epistle, ‘ that you will
faithfully forward this letter.’
' By my honor ! said the general deeply over
come.
‘ Come, general, be up,’ resumed Murat in a
lively tone; ‘we are soldiers, and used to death.
I ask but one favor ; allow me to give the word
of command to the execution party.’ The
general instantly .assented. Froio now return
ed, bearing with him the sentence of the court.
‘ Read it,’ said Murat coldly, well divining
what it was ; lam ready to listen to it.’ Froio
consented. The ex-king had correctly fore
seen his fate. With the exception of a single
voice, the court had unanimously adjudged
him worthy of death.
When it was concluded, he turned to Nun
ziante—‘General, believe me, I clearly distin
guish between the author of ray fate and the
mere instruments. I could never have believ
ed Ferdinand capable of allowing me to be
shot like a dog. But enough of this. At what
hour »s my execution to take place V
• Fix it yourself, sire,’ replied the general.
Murat pulled out his watch ; but, by accident
the back presented itself instead of the face.—
On it was painted a superb miniature of the
ex-queen.
‘ Ah, look here!’ said Mural addressing Nuu
ziaute ; look at this picture of my wife. You
knew her; is it not likelier? lie kissed it, and
replaced the watch in his fob,
‘ At what hour ?’ demanded Froio.
‘ Ah, by-the-by, I had forgotten, said Murat,
cheerfully smiling. I had forgotten why I had
pulled out my watch; but the likeness of Caro
line chased away all other ideas,’ and he look
ed at it. ‘lt is now past three o’clock ; will
four suit you? I only ask fifty minutes. Have
you any objection ?’
Froio bowed and left the room. Nunziante
was following him—
‘Say, my friend: shall I not see you again V
‘My orders are, that I should be present at
your execution, sire ; but I feel I have not
courage to obey them.’
• Well, then, do notdistress your feelings, do
not be present. Still, I should like to embrace
you once more before I die.’
‘ I will meet you on the road.’
‘ Thank you. Now leave me to my medita
tions.’
After seeing the priests, to whom he gave a
written certificate that he died in the Christian
faith, Murat threw himself on the bed and for
about a quarter of an hour remained meditating,
doubtless reviewing his past life from the
moment when he quitted the ale house in which
he was born, to the period when he entered a
palace as itssovereign. Suddenly starting up,
he seemed to shake off his gloomy thoughts,
and approaching a mirror, began to arrange his
hair. Wedded to death from his infancy, he
seemed anxious to deck himself in a becom
ing manner now that he was about to meet
it.
Four o’clock struck. Murat himself opened
the door. General Nunziante was waiting
outside.
‘ Thank you,’ said the ex-king ; ‘you hate
kept your word. God bless you ; good-bye.—
You need follow me no further.
The general threw himself sobbing into his
arms.
‘ Come, come, do not thus give way to your
feelings. Take example from me ; I am per
fectly calm.’
This coolness on the part of the victim so
overcame Nunziante, that, starting from his
embrace, the general rushed from the house,
flying along the shore like a madman.
The king now proceeded to the courtyard,
where every preparation for his execution had
been made. Nine men and a corporal were
ranged close to the council chamber. In front
of them was a wall twelve feet high. Three
yards from this wall there was a single raised
step. Once there he took out his handker
chief, kissed the picture of his wife, and fixing
his eyes steadily on the party, desired them to
load. When he gave the order to fire, five on
ly of the nine obeyed. Murat remained un
touched. The soldiers had purposely fired
over his head.
It was at this moment that the lion courage
of the hero showed itself—that intrepid cool
ness for which he has ever been famed. Not a
single feature was disturbed. He stood per-
fectly steady and nnmoved, as with a smile of
melancholy gratitude he addressed them.
‘ Thanks, my friends—a thousand thanks,
but as sooner, or later, you compelled
to aim directly at me, do not pnolong my ago
ny. All I ask of you is, to fire straight at my
heart, and avoid if possible wounding me in
the face. ‘ Come, let us begin again and
once more he went through every word of
command. At the word fire, he fell pierced
with eight balls, without a struggle, without a
sigh, without letting the watch fall that he held
in his hand.
The soldiers took the corpse, and laid it on
the same bed in which he had laid down in
health and strength some ten minutes before. —
A captain’s guard was placed on the door.
That night a stranger presented himself, and
demanded admittance to the room. Thesenti
nel refused. He desired to speak to the com
mandant. To him he showed an order for his
free entry'. The commandant as he read it,
shuddered with disgust, and expressed his sur
prise. The perusal, however, over, he con
ducted the man to the door of the death cham
ber.
‘Allow Signor Luigi to pass,’ said he to the
sentinel. The soldier presented arras to the
commandant. Luigi entered.
Ten minutes afterward, Luigi came out car
rying some object in a pocket handkerchief
lained with blood. What it was, the sentinel
could not distinguish.
An hour afterwards, the undertaker entered,
bearing the coffin intended for the king’s re
mains. No sooner had the man, however,
crossed the threshold, than in an accent of in
describable horror he called out to the soldier,
who rushed in to learn the cause of terror.—
The man, unable to speak, pointed to a head
less corpse.
On the death of Ferdinand, in a private clo
set in his bedroom this head was discovered,
preserved in spirits of wine. The reason was
thus explained by Gen. P .
‘As Murat was put to death in an obscure
corner of Calabria; Ferdinand continually
feared some impostor would spring up, and
assuming his name and appearance, raise the
standard of rebellion. The real head was
therefore always preserved to confront and
confound any false pretender to the throne, by
proving the death of Joachim Murat.’
Eight days after the execution of Pizzo, each
man concerned in it received his reward.—
Trenta Capeili was made colonel, Gen. Nun
ziante was created a marquis, and Luigi died of
poison.
Chinese Items.
Le, the provincial and criminal judge of
Kwangtung, has issued a special edict strictly
prohibiting the drowning of female children,
which he says is very common at Canton. He
denounces it as “against all morality and civil
ization, and says that it “disturbs the harmony
of heaven.” He adds:—
“ On this account, therefore, I issue severe
prohibitions, and earnestly remonstrate with
yon. Look at the insects, fish, birds and beasts,
even they love their offspring; how then can
you bear to murder those who have come from
yourselves, and are to you as the very hair up
on your heads ?
“ Do not be anxious because you are poor,
for you can by handicraft gain money. Al
though it is difficult to marry your daughters,
yet do not empty your purse to do so, or send
them away. The dual powers (heaven and
earth,) have decreed that it should be so. Male
and female children belong to the order of hea
ven, and if you bring forth a daughter, you
must train it up, though it be not equal to a
son.”
The same magistrate has sent forth another
edict, announcing that bands of robbers who
have hitherto done great mischief, have been
“captured, decapitated and their heads hung
up as a warning to the multitude, in order to
display the laws of the country and gladden
men’s hearts.” He exhorts all other robbers,
seeing that they must at some lime be traced
out and apprehended, to surrender themselves
at once.
Chang, special magistrate at Nan-hae, issues
an edict against lotteries, which, he says, have
been “ established by a set of vagabonds, to
lead astray young people to gamble and scheme
after gain.” He forbids it and threatens to
punish all who may be guilty of it. “You
each ought," he adds, “ to attend to your own
calling, be contented with your situation and
earn a livelihood.”
Mr. Roberts, the voluntary missionary at
Hong Kong, meets a good deal of opposition.
While preaching on the Ist of October, a
gang of Chinese rowdies entered the house
and drove out the congregration. Rev.
Messrs. Clelana and Gilfillin, two other mis
sionaries, have been driven off. The matter
has been regarded as a violation of Treaty
stipulations, and was to be laid before the au
thorities for examination.
The Emperor of China has lately made great
changes in his Court, selecting as his compan
ions the old friends whom he knew long ago
and in whom he has full confidence. Paou-
Chang is his most intimate and trusted adviser.
The province of Sze-chuen is in a very un
quiet slate, being disturbed by bands of Moun
taineers. The Governor, Keshen, acts with
great energy but little success against them.
In the province of Fo-keen, which has an
extensive maritime trade, the ravages of pi
rates are constant and serious. They anchor
among the islands along the shores, where they
are able to prosecute their business with com
parative impunity. The Governor has urged
the necessity of using more vigilance for their
apprehension. A large number have already
been seized, decapitated and hung up.
In the province ofYun-nana rebellion took
place in September, which was soon quelled
by the authorities. Much blood was shed,
however, and great cruelties inflicted upon the
defeated insurgents.
A constant stream of indigent Llamas pro
ceeds from L’hassa to China, some as envoys,
others as tribute-bearers, and others still as
spiritual guides. They encounter great hard
ships and are often plundered and robbed.—
They have asked permission to come by a new
route, but it has been withheld for fear the
country should be overrun with them ; and
notwithstanding the homage paid to their sys
tem by the ruling dynasty they are not regard
ed with favor.
A British seaman was murdered, and outra
ges were perpetrated upon six others, at Bam
boo Town, near Whampoa, in October. In
consequence of these occurrences, masters of
British vessels have been directed not to allow
their crews to go ashore.
Unusual sickness was prevalent at Shangliae,
and several British residents had died—the first
deaths, it is stated, which had occurred since
the port was opened.
By the treaty arrangements foreigners are
confined within certain limits to the ports of
Shanghae. So great is the confidence now
felt, however, that excursions are constantly
made to the surrounding country, with the
knowledge and aid of the British Consular
authorities.
The overland edition of the “China Mail” of
October sth, contains an account of the difficul
ty between the Chinese Officials and our Com
missioner, Mr. Davis, from which it would
seem that the latter gentleman has lost nothing
in the consideration of either the Chinese or
the English, by the manner in which he has met
and rebuked the arrogance and rudeness ofthe
Celestial functionary. It appears that after hes
itating several days to appoint an interview
with Mr. Davis, the Chinese Commissioner,
Seu, took advantage of the contrary winds
which prevented the American Commissioner
from reaching the place designated at the time
appointed, returned home and addressed Mr.
Mr. Davis a communication couched in very
discourteous terms; this he was required to
withdraw and to appoint another early day for
the meeting. The editor ofthe Mail remarks :
Seu probably wished to try the mettle of the
new comer, and found it genuine; for on Sat
urday last, within two hours after the arrival
of Commodore Geisinger in the Preble, the of
fensive document was withdrawn, and a satis
factory answer received from Sue; of whom
it must be said, that on both the occasions on
which he has been brought into contact with
the representatives of foreign countries, he has
shown himself greatly inferior to his two im
mediate predecessors in tact and good breed
ing.
It has been stated that the Commissioner,
upon the receipt of Sue’s communication,
thretened to blockade the port. This was con
sidered improbable, and we are now assured
that no such threat was held out by Mr. Davis.
The same paper of October 12th savs—
The interview between the American and
Chinese Commissioners took place at How
qua’s residence, on the river, on Friday, the
6th. There were present on the part of the
Chinese, the Governor General Sue, the Lieu
tenant Governor, with Tung and other Man
darins; on the part of the Americans, H. E.
Commissioner Davis, Dr. Parker, Secretary
of Legation, Mr. Forbes, Consul, Commodore
Geisinger, and Captain Glynn, with several
officers of the Preble and Plymouth. After the
interview a banquet was given, during which
the natural reserve and taciturnity of the Vice
roy began to wear off, and he became as cour
teous and communicative as it seems possible
for him to be. The meeting lasted from one
till gve.
The health of the troops at Hong Kong had
been very bad, but was much improved by
changing their quarters from the ports to the
ships in the harbor.
The Pekin Gazette says;—
The Emperor sacrificed at the graves of his
ancestors by deputy. What prevented him
from performing in person the so long contem
plated ceremony, is not stated. Extensive pre
parations for the journey had been made, and
all was in readiness, when the monarch pre
t ferred remaining at home.
The total amount of teas exported to the Uni
ted States, during the year ending June 30,
1848, was 19,338,647 lbs. Since that time, in
1 the months of July, August, September and
October, 1,821,900 lbs.
i A letter from Macao, published in the Phila
delphia North American, gives an account of a
difficulty between the American and British
consuls at that place. The British consul or
dered our flag to be hauled down from the con
■ sulate flagstaff, which order was of course dis
regarded. He then made a protest against the
' display of the American flag, on the ground
that the soil had been ceded by the Chinese to
the English, and therefore no flag but the Bri
tish ha& a right to fly there. The interpreters,
- on the contrary, say that the characters used
by the Chinese in their treaty with the English,
means generally Europeans and foreigners.—
, The Consulate belongs to Americans, was built
by them, and the land was rented from Chinese
owners, and the ground rent is paid to Chinese
and not to Englishmen. The matter was re
ferred by the British consul to the British colo
nial government at Hong Kong.
Chronicle oni) Sentinel.
AUGUSTA, GA:
TUESDAY MORNING, JAN. 30, 1849.
| Suspension Aqueducts.
A Suspension Railroad bridge over such a
, river as the Niagara, demonstrates a wonderful
i advance in the science of Civil Engineering,
which is most creditable to American talent and
bold enterprise. But large navigable canals,
suspended on iron chains over rivers, mark
r another step in the progress of genius applied
• to the poetry of inland commerce. The
1 achievements of science while yet in its teens
I are truly marvelous. When rightly estimated,
) these performances comparewith future results
now certain to be accomplished, as the small
' germ in an acorn compares with the mighty
, oak which stands as the pride and the mam
* moth of the forest.
The Delaware and the Hudson Canal is
soon to cross the Delaware and Lackawaxen
rivers in suspension aqueducts now completed
and ready for use. The one over the Delaware
has the following dimensions;
Number of spans, varying from 132 to 142 ft. 4
Width ofbottom of trunk 17 ft, Gin.
“ “ trnnk on top. 20
Depth, 9
Depth of war, 6
Weight of water is 142 ft. span in tons of
2000 lbs. 484 tons.
Tension ofcables resulting from tbis weight, 708 “
Diameter of each of the two suspension ca
bles, 8£ inch.
Number of strands composing a cable, 7
Number of wires in each stand, •• 307
“ “ in one Cable, •• 2150
“ “ in both, 4300
Number of feet of wire, weighing lib. 175
Weight of one lineal foot of cable and
wrapping, 130 lbs.
Length of each cable and anchor chains, 664 ft.
Average strength of one wire, •• • 1800 Its.
Ultimate strength of both cables, . 3870 tons.
The wire cables do not extend below ground, but
connect with anchor chains, the cross sections of
which exceeds that of the wire fifty per cent,; the
strength of the wire being 90,000 lbs. per superficial
inch, while the chains will not boar over 60,000 lbs.
The trunk of this aqueduct is lined with a tow
path of 6 feet wide on each side.
The aqueduct and the locks on the canal will
pass boats carrying 120 tons freight. During
the season of transportation, (the canal is fro
zen in winter ) two millions of tons can be ta
ken through its whole length, after its enlarge
ment is completed. We are indebted to Mr.
John A. Roebling Engineer, through the me
dium of the Railroad Journal for the above in
teresting items, That gentleman adds :
The Lackaw-axen aqueduct, forms two spans of
114 feet each, suspended to two cables of 7 inches di
ameter, same size as those at the Pittsburgh aque
duct.
1 have contracted with the company, for two more
aqueducts, one over the Roundout river, the othe.r
over the Sink river, of 170 feet span, requiring ca
bles of 9i inches diameter, large enough for the sup
port ofe suspension bridge over the Niagara river,
at the site in contemplation below the falls, of 750 leet
span.
Think of a canal hung up in the air on
chains 170 feet between abutments, and capa
ble of passing a boat every two minutes, of 120
tons burden! Speaking of Mr. R. the editor
of the Railroad Journal says :
Mr. Roebling’s work, both on a suspension aque
duct and a suspension bridge—has been thoroughly
tested at Pittsburgh, for several years with heavy
loads—and as far as we have heard, with entire suc
cess; and, from what we hear in relation to those
which he has just finished for the Delaware and
Hudson Canal Company, of which we give above a
partial description, he will lose none of his well earn
ed reputation, as we are quite sure they will be found
equal to the work required of them.
Slave Trade in Washington.— Among the
memorials presented to Congress, we notice
one presented by Mr. Gaines, of Kentucky,
signed by the Mayor and thirty of the thirty
five members of Council of the city of Wash
ington, praying Congress either to abolish the
slave trade in the city of Washington, or to
empower the City Council to do so.
IdPThe New Bedford Mercury states that
machinery for a cotton factory is going out to
San Francisco Bay, on account of a New Eng
land company. It will give profitable employ
ment to women and children who cannot work
in the mines.
The White Nile.
Our readers are doubtless aware that the
river Nile is formed by two confluent streams,
the Blue and the White, whose junction is in
South Nubia, between 15° and 16° of North
latitude. The source of the Blue Nile was as
certained by Bruce and by subsequent travel
ers, to be in the mountains of Abyssinia; but
the other branch, which is by far the longer of
the two, had been followed, until 1840-41, only
as far south as 10° or 12° North lat. Even
now, the White Nile has been traced only to
4- north of the Equator, where it is more than
five hundred yards in width.
Von Ferdinand Werne, a German travel
ler, has published in Berlin within the last year,
an account of his Expedition up this broad
sluggish stream, which from the extracts given
in the last number of Blackwood, must be an ex
ceedingly interesting narrative. The expedi
tion started at th 3 outpost of civilization, the
town of Chwartum, at the junction of the Blue
and White Streams, with four sail vessels, or
boats.each with two masts and a cabin, about one
hundred feet long and twelve to fifteen broad,
carrying altogether two hundred and fifty sol
diers, and one hundred and twenty sailors and
boatmen. Mr. Werne was only a passenger.
The object of the enterprize was not to advance
science nor to increase knowledge, but to find
new mines of gold. It was started by that rest
less Viceroy of Egypt, Mehemet Ali.
As this rude flotilla worked its way slowly
along, now by sails and now by tow ropes pull
ed by men, th i hippopotamus reared his huge
suout above the surface, and wallowed in the
slimy gullies that on either hand run down to
the stream. Enormous crocodiles gaped along
the shore ; elephants played in herds upon the
pastures; “ the tall giraffe stalked amongst the
palms; snakes thick as trees lay coiled in the
slimy swamps; and ant-hills, ten feet high,
lowered above the rushes. Along the thickly
peopled banks hordes of savages showed them
selves, gazing in wonder at the strange ships,
and making ambiguous gestures, variously con
strued by the adventurers as signs of friend
ship or hostility. Alternately sailing and tow
ing, as the wind served or not; constantly in
sight of natives, but rarely communicating with
them ; often cut off for days from land by in
terminable fields of tangled weeds, —the expe
dition pursued its course through innumerable
perils, guaranteed from most of them by the
' liquid rampart on which it floated. Lions look
ed hungry, and savages shook their spears, but
neither showed a disposition to swim off and
board the flotilla.”
A Large Yield,— Mr. Joel Schlosser, of Wash
ington county, Md., sowed last year 12 bushels of
Zimmerman wheat, on 11 acres of land, which yield
ed him 345 bushels of prime wheat.
The art of raising large crops of wheat de
serves far more attention than it has hitherto
received ; particularly in the Southern States.
To enrich the soil preparatory to seeding with
tbis grain, a good coat of green vegetable mat
ter, like clover, peas, buckwheat or grass should
be plowed in, to rot and fertilize the earth.
To make this preliminary crop on poor land,
a little gypsum, lime, or wood ashes can be
used with great advantage. Deep tillage, and
never permitting the earth to lie naked without
a covering of vegetation, nor exposed to wash
ing and leaching, will do much to increase its
productiveness.
Southern Interests. —The fact that Mas
sachusetts Manufactures annually seventeen
millions of dollars’ worth of boots and shoes,
has drawn forth the following very just and
sensible comments of the Columbus (Ga.)
Times:
The principal customer for these boots and shoes is
the South. Why does not the South make her own
boots and shoes, and thus save the millions drained
from her pockets, to make New England rich 1 The
raw material is herein abundance, our labor is cheap
er, and our market right at our doors.
The North formerly made every thing for us. Now,
we have learned how to make our own coarse cotton
fabrics, and our flour. The “ Variety Works,” in this
city, is driving a whole lot of Yankee made “ no
tions” outofthe market, such as tubs, buckets, churns,
bed-steads, &c., which are better made, and cheap
er in price, than the Northern. Paper is another
article about to be made in this vicinity, on a large
scale, by a mill in the course of erection. All these
are fine starts in the race of disenthralment from de
pendence on the North. We hope soon to see our
shoes, saddlery and harness, and a hundred other
branches of manufacture, in successful operation
amongst us.
This kind of industry is the secret of Northern
prosperity, and if adopted here, will prove the talis
man of ours. The marvel is, that the South is not
poorer than she is. We raise but one crop, that re
presents money and purchases our wants. With
that we have to buy our stock mules and hogs from
the West, and our manufactured goods from the East.
The cotton crop is exceeded in value by the produc
tive industry of several trifling articles of manufacture
in New England. If we are not mistaken, the value
of the leather manufacture is far ahead of it. We be
lieve that the umbrella crop bears the cotton crop in
value. How, then, are we to get rich, by pursuing
a single branch of business, and over-doing that
branch to the destruction of prices, and to the impover
ishment of our lands? What the South needs, is di
vision of labor, variety of pursuits, and enterprise to
develope the wealth that teems in our forests, our
watercourses, our hills and valleys. No people are
blessed by nature with such abundant capabilities to
be completely independent. There is not an article
(ice, perhaps, excepted) of luxury, necessity, or con
venience, which we cannot make for ourselves.
Hon. John M. Niles has been nominated
as their candidate for Governor by the Aboli
tionists of Connecticut.
Harvard University. —The Faculty of Har
vard University have made the following ap
pointments, subject to the approval of the
Board of Overseers :
Jared Sparks, LL. D. President of the Uni
versity.
Philip H. Sears, Tutor in Mathematics.
Robert Wheaton, Instructor in French,
Francis J. Child, Tutor in History and Elo
cution.
Robert Wheaton and Francis M. Tower,
Proctors.
Theophilus Parsons, Royall Professor of
Law, in place of Professor Greenleaf, resigned.
We regret to state (says the Columbia Tele
graph) that the Hon. Wm. C. Preston has
been seriously indisposed for the last few davs,
but was considered better by his physicians last
evening. His attack has been of a most criti
cal character; but we sincerely trust that the
danger h now over, and that he may be long
spared to a community and State which prize
him for his genius and moral worth, and to
the Institution of which he has been the foster
ing parent.
His illness has cast a gloom over our communi
ty,for we all know thatfor qualities both of head
and heart, this generation can present but few
peers to the statesman, Win. C. Preston—and
we who have seen him in the walks of daily
life, have learned equally to love the man. The
threatened loss of our two greatest men at the
same moment presents a strange coincidence.
We can at present ill spare them.
Prince Louis Napoleon*
On our first page will be found a spirited
likeness of the President of France, engraved
expressly for tbis paper.
The Journal takes occasion to hurl some fierce and
fiery denunciations on the head of what it calls,
“ Southern Cass and Polk men,” for their approval of
Mr. Polk’s signature of the Oregon Bill:
l{ Shake not thy gory locks at me,
Thoa canst not say I did it.”
We have never approved of this act of the Presi
dent. But we cannot see how the Journal can be so
fierce on the subject. It is willing that Congress
shall “ legislate for the restriction of slavery,” “for
purposes of compromise.” Now Mr. Polk justifies
his act upon the ground that he was thereby carrying
out the principles of the Missouri Compromise.—
Eufaula Democrat .
Suppose, asks the Alabama Journal, Mr.
Polk did attempt to justify his approval of the
bill on the ground of the Missouri compromise
who in heaven’s name believed it, or was de
ceived by it ? What had that bill to do with
the Missouri compromise?—so far from recog
nizing the principles of the compromise, it ex
pressly disclaimed them.
Does not the Democrat know and does not
the world know, that the attempt made to incor
porate in the bill the principles of the compro
mise was voted down by an immense majority,
and did not Mr. Polk sign it, knowing that it
repudiated the compromise? Does not the
Democrat also know, that all ihe reasons assert
ed as justification in Mr. Polk’s protest had
been canvassed and discussed for months pre
vious in Congress and had been rejected by
every southern member as unsatisfactory, fri
volous, yea, worse, insulting !
The whole south, of all parlies, stood with
out regard to these reasons, in one united front,
against the measure, denouncing it as an out
rage and usurpation, and declaring in accord
ance with the solemn wishes and resolutions of
their whole constituency, asserted and re-as
serted by their legislatures, conventions and
primary assemblies of the people, “that Con
gress had no right by the Constitution to legis
late for the restriction o p slavery.”
The Bill passed the House, and would have
been killed in the Senate, except for the treach
ery of two leading southern Cass democrats.
Benton and Houston, who left the ranks of the
South, went over to the ranks of the enemy
and passed the Bill. Mr. Polk signed it, giv
ing reasons for the act which the South up
to that moment rejected as unsatisfactory and
worthless, and admitting its constitutionality.
Then was seen the spectacle of a whole sec
tion of a party, the southern Cass men, breaking
from the ranks, repudiating their old profes
sions and in spite of all their solemn pledges,
joining the President in the concession to the
abolitionists, though they had so earnestly de
nied “that Congress had the constitutional
right to legislate for the restriction of slavery.”
This, as an act of tame, spiritless submission,
has no parallel in the history of parties. The
deed is now accomplished—the great principle
surrendered, the ’vantage ground given up.—
Can it ever be regained! It little becomes
those who sustained Mr. Polk in his surrender
of the constitutional rights of the South, to at
tempt to quarrel now with others forwhatthey
did not denounce in him. Those southern men
who justified Mr. Polk, no matter what may be
the course of subsequent administrations, on
this subject, are or should be, if they are
not insensible to shame, effectually estop
ped. Yet there are some who seem to expect
that Gen. Taylor must regain the ground, that
they aided Mr. Polk in surrendering, and al
ready denounce him in advance.
They, while fortified and in array, which was
and would have continued impregnable to all
assault, deliberately at the behest of party, threw
down the barrier of the constitution, broke
down the battlements—opened the gates and
admitted the enemy within the citadel without
a blow in its defence: and yet these same men
now demand that Gen. Taylor shall rally the
ranks which they have disorganized, expel the
enemy, regain the ground which they have lost,
and repair their breaches and injuries to the
strong hold, and this they expect and demand
he shall do, in spite of their bitter opposition
declared and organized in advance.
They place in his hands a constitution which
they have broken and violated, and seek to hold
him accountable, if it is not restored to its pris
tine symmetry.
The Democrat declares that it did not ap
prove of Mr. Polk’s course, and of course the
remarks above do not apply to it. It however
can only disclaim for itself singly, not for its
party, which to a man either openly justified or
did not denounce Mr. Polk’s concession of the
constitutional principle.
From Texas.— The Houston Telegraph of
the lllh inst. says: The ranging companies
of Capts. McCulloch and Highsmith have late
ly been paid off at Austin, and the other com
panies, with the exception of the company
under the command of Capt. Fitzhugh, have
probably been also paid off and mustered out
of service. We have been informed by Capt.
Gillett that the company of Capt. Fitzhugh, ac
cording to the orders of the War Department,
had abandoned its station on the Trinity, and
taken up its line of march to Austin, to be mus
tered out of service ; but after it had proceed
ed about seventy miles runners arrived with
the startling intelligence that the Indians had
made a foray upon the Trinity settlements, and
that the settlers were flying in all directions.
The rangers immediately returned to the sta
tion, and we understand that they have been
ordered by Col. Johnson to remain there until
they are relieved by the troops in the regular
service.
Hon. A. H. Stephens. —A meeting of the
citizens o f Alexandria was held at Lyceum
Hall on Tuesday evening last. After a bril
liant address from the Hon. A. H. Stephens,
of Georgia, the sum of S6BO was collected in
aid of the Orphan Asylum. The President of
the United Stales, President elect. Vice Presi
dent elect, Mr. Clay, Gen. Cass, Gen. Butler,
Hon. Mr. Stephens, Gov. Floyd, of Virginia,
Rev. Mr. Dauforth, and Rev. Mr. Jones, are
amongst those constituted life-members of the
association. — Nat. Intelligencer, 26th inst.
Michigan and Illinois.— The messages of
Governor Ransom, of Michigan, and French,
of Illinois, are moderate sized, well written
and interesting State papers. The first is op
posed to private stock banks, but favorable to
the New York system of stock security. He
holds the Northern doctrine relative to slavery
in the territories, and prefers biennial to annual
sessions of the Legislature. He makes the
State debt of Michigan to be $1,960,710.18.
The Governor of Illinois is opposed to all
systems of Banks whatever, recommends the
reduction of salaries of canal officers, and the
exemption of specified property from execu
tions for debt. The debt of the State he makes
to be $16,612,795.37.
The National Intelligencer of Friday says ;
We are requested to say, in behalf of the
members of Congress from the State of Penn
sylvania, that the r&ports which has been put
in circulation, through the public press, in rela
tion to a meeting held by them, is erroneous.
They have never agreed to recommend any one
for a Cabinet appointment.
—
The steamer America sailed from Boston
on Wednesday for Liverpool, with forty-nine
passengers. It is said her cargo was small,
and valued at about SSOOO. She took out $19,-
000 in specie.
learn from the Hartford Times that
the hands on the Hartford and Providence
railroad, have refused to work ten hours a day
for 60 cents, and that the contractors discharged
them all on Tuesday morning.
minim win.
TELEGRAPHIC INTELLI
GENCB.
Transmitted for tlte Chronicle <fe Sentinel.
Savannah Market.
Cotton. —Sales yesterday, 500 bales at 6 to 6f cts.
Buyers and sellers awaiting the foreign news.
Charleston Market*
Cotton. —The market yesterday was quiet—deal
ers waiting the arrival of the European advices.
Sales 900 bales at 5| a 7c. Prices fall.
. : 7
From the Charleston Courier.—By Telegraph.
From Washington.
The Senate was notin Session on Saturday
last, having adjourned over from Friday until
Monday.
In the House, a resolution was passed au
thorizing the Judiciary Committee to send
for persons and papers in relation to the charges
against Judge Conklin, The bill establishing
a Board of Claims was further discussed. No
other business of importance was transacted.
Mr. Walker has been re-elected Senator from
Wisconsin,
From the North.
X dispatch received last night, gives us the
intelligence that the steamer Crescent City,
from Chagres, via New Orleans and Havana,
had arrived at New York. She reports that
the steamer California, bound for Chagres, bad
not arrived at Havana when she left. There
were 400 persons at that place bound for the
gold region, all in good health, and no sickness
prevailing.
The Crescent City brings no news from San
Francisco, later than what had been belore re
ceived, and has no gold or gold dust on board.
The steamer Isthmus was going into Havana,
as the Crescent City came out.
Our correspondent states that there were se
venty vessels up at New York for California.
At the latest hour of the writing of our cor
respondent, there was no announcement of the
arrival of either of the European steamers, now
fully due.
New York Market. —On Saturday the Cotton
market was firm, and sales of 1200 bales were effect
ed. There was an active upward tendency in prices
In Bread Stuffs there was no change, and dealers
were awaiting advices by the expected steamers from
Europe. Treasury Notes quoted at 109 ; New Loan
108.
Three bars of gold, weighing over twenty
live pounds, were deposited in the Bank of the
Slate of New York yesterday, by a mercantile
house of this city. This gold is from Califor
nia, having been sent to Valparaiso in dust,
there, run into bars and sent to Panama, whence
it was brought by the Falcon. It is carats
line.
iniß null rhi r -laMTirii T-rrwrnTimrHr r imirmuM—li-rrm Tnr-rnnrrr
Spend Notices.
A CARD.
Excellent Second-Hand
kpjrlpMl PIANO FORTES of durable quality
a “ U J ” and in perfect order, for sale cheap.
R. S. JACKSON,
First Room over Gustav. Volger’s Cigar Store,
Broad-street. ja24*6m
SOUTHERN MUTUAL INSURANCE
COMPANY.
At a Meeting of the Southern Mutual
Insurance Company, held in Griffin on the 7th inst.,
the following members were elected the Board of Di
rectors for the yeai 1849 :
DIRECTORS—Hon. Asbury Hull, Athens, Pres
ident and Treasurer; J. G. Hill, Esq., Griffin, Vice-
President; Rev. J. U. Parson, Griffin, Secretary;
Prof. C. P. McKay, Athens, Actuary ; H. J. Sargent,
Esq., Griffin; Wm. W. Chapman, Griffin; Hon.
Lot Weaver, Albany ; Hon. William W. Clayton,
Athens; E, L. Newton, Esq., Athens; J. H. New
ton, Athens; A. Chase, Athens; J. J. Huggins,
Athens; Fielding Bradford, Athens; W. Letcher
Mitchel, Athens; Dr. H. Hull, Athens; Wm. M.
1 Morton, Athens; Dr. E. V. W are, Athens; Thomas
Cunningham. Greensboro; John Robson, Esq., Mad
ison ; B. King, Esq., Roswell; Miller Grieve, Mil!-
i edgeville ; Isaac Winship, Macon; N. C. Munroe,
[ Esq., Macon; John L. Jones, Esq., Macon; V. R
t Tommy, Columbus; J. J. Ridgeway Columbus;
Henry Hall, Columbus; D. P. Wilcox, Columbus.
i This Company commenced business on the sth of
I February, 1848. The report submitted to the meet
ing shows the following gratifying result for the first
ten months, ending the sth inst. :
Fire Risks 460
Marine. 265
Inland
Servants 83
1,066 Risks.
Premiums 355,628 43
Paid Losses 31663,07
Incidental. 728 25
Salaries 1820.00
Returned on risks terminated 504,00 4715 32
„ 50.913 11
Risks terminated 369,425. On all expired policies
one half the premiums has been saved to the insured,
equivalent to a dividend of 50 per cent of their pre
miums.
Communications addressed to the Secretary a
Griffin, will receive prompt attention.
J. U. PARSONS, Sec. S. M. Ins. Co.
This Company will insure Houses, Stocks of Goods,
Cotton in Store, or on shipboard, and Negroes—and
will take all kinds of Fire and Marine Risks not ex
ceeding 310,000, on any one risk, on as reasona
ble termsas any office in this city. Those who insure
property for five years pay only one-fifth in cash, and
will probably never be called on for an assessment the
remaining four years, and at the end of five years be
entitled to their share of accumulated profits then on
hand. Open policies, for shipping merchants, for
Marine and Inland Risks.
CHARLES HALL, Agent,
d2O Sou. Mu. Ins. Company, 242 Broad-st.
Departure of tlte Atlantic Steamers.
„ ,ti Fro , in Euro P e * N ew York. Boston,
Canada, 8r.,-*..Jan. 13 Feb. 7
Niagara, 8r.,• Jan. 27 p e K oi
Europa, Br., Feb. 10 Mar 7
America, 8r.,.. - Feb. 24 Mar 91
Canada, 8r.,.. .Mar, 10 April 4
Niagara 8r.,.. Mar. 24 April 18
Europa, 8r.,...April 7 May 2
Commercial.
NEW ORLEANS, Jan. 23, P.
Ihe Ootton market continues very firm, and the de
mand is of so active and general a character, that
prices seem to be constantly tending upward. There
was a brisk inquiry yesterday, and 10,000 bales
changed hands, making 31,000 bales for the past three
days, the largest business for any similar period this
season. Middling 6 a 6j, good middling 6| a 6|c.
Sugar. —Quite an active demand for Sugar and
1000 nhds, taken at full rates, fair 3| a 4c.° ’
Molasses also moving briskly, and 1200 bbls. dis
posed of at 20 a 20(c. per gallon—the latter rate for
very prime.
Flour continues dull, and with few buyers even
at adechne About 2500 bbls. sold, of which 10UU
bbls. Ohio, from flatboat, delivered, at 34.62 i 540
do. Missouri and Illinois at $4.74, 450 do Ohio, two
lots, at 34.75 and 600 bbls. extra St. Louis, Wash
mgton and Magnolia brands, at 35.50 per bbl, Pri
ces oi Ohio still looking down,
j'in ,l nnn^ e ,^ orn raar^et w ‘ !^out much change,
a rl/°a o^ S . 3O,d . asfoll °WH : 3900 sacks green
ocon j 3<IH) do mixed and white, at 44 a 49, and
,oUUdo. prime yellow at 49c. per bushel.
dull, at 15£ a 16c. for good brands.
•c j hiskey -Rather firmer—a sale of 220 bbls. rec
tified at 1/| a 18c., and some raw at 18| a 18|c.
Freights. The principal Freight engagements
were a British ship for Liverpool at 15-32 d. for Cot
ton, and a ship for Boston atfe. for Cotton and $1 for
Pork—both showing an advance. An American ship,
however, took about 2000 bales for Liverpool at 15-32 d
the consignment being given away.
MOBILE, Jan. 24, P. M. — Cotton. —Sales to-day
about 2000 bales. The market is irregular and some
what easier. We quote middling fair 6| a 6|, good
middling 6f a 6|, middling 6 a 6J, and ordinary 5i a
5| cents.
Freights.— ln foreign we hear of no full engage