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About Daily chronicle & sentinel. (Augusta, Ga.) 1837-1876 | View Entire Issue (March 8, 1849)
CHRONICLE & SENTINEL, ByT W. & W. S. JONES. DAI Lf, TRI WEEKLY A WEEKLY OFFICE IN HAIL ROAD BANK BUILDING, TF/R MS—Daily Paper, per annum, in advance* • $lO Tri-Weekly Paper, “ “ “ *' •• 5 Weekly, (a mammoth sheet) “ * •• 2 (’ASH SYSTEM. —In no case will an order for the paper be attended to, unless accompanied with th>"> money, and in every instaneewhen the time for which any subscription may be paid, expires before the re ceipt of suds to renew the same, the paper will he discontinued. Depreciated funds received at value in this city. Extraordinary Correspondence. As a part of the history of the times we copy from the National Intelligencer the following extraordinary correspondence. Gen. Shields, it will be recollected, has been elected to the United States Senate, to succeed Judge Breese, whom he defeated before the Illinois Legislature. It was in this canvass the contro versy originated, and whatever may be its ter mination it iS very apparent General S. has thus far gained no laurels; on the contrary he has lowered himself in the estimation of every right thinking man. He was a law student in Judge Breesk’s office. Washington, Feb. 23, 1849. Sir On ray return to this country from Mexico, broken in constitution, feeble in health, and still suf fering under the effects of wounds, you were the only man in the city of Washington who received me with coldness and unkindness. When this city honored me with a public dinner, which was generously in tended as a compliment not only to me but to my State, you were the only man who declined to attend that dinner. You went further. You propagated a report here in Washington, and circulated it after wards in Illinois, that 1 was ineligible to the office of Senator; and this, 100, after 1 had poured out my blood like water in the battle fields of my country. — You published an article in the St. Louis Republican charging me with ineligibility —doing that which I thought no man in these United States would have been mean enough to do in my case, even if it had been true. You, however, did this, knowing it to be untrue. On this subject I have simply to say, that had I been defeated by you on that ground, I had sworn in my heart that you never should have profi ted by you-success; and, depend upon it, I would have kept that vow, regardless of consequences.— That, however, is now past, and the vow is cancelled by your defeat. Why I address you now is simply this; — In 1840 you gave me something in the shape of a final certificate of naturalization in Effingham court. You knew at that time that I was naturalized by law, and by the naturalization of my father while I was a minor. I told you the circumstances, and, as I then talked of going to Canada in case of war, you offered to give me a certificate which would simplify the proof iif case of difficulty. Now, 1 w’ish you to give me a letter acknowledging these facts. 1 write you a private letter for that purple. I should have sent a friend at once and imperatively demanded such a letter, but I felt that in disgracing you 1 would die grace the State that made you and myself Senators; | and I also wished to give you an opportunity to make this acknowledgement quietly. If, however, you persist in your couise of injustice towards me, and re fuse this request, I here give you fair warning—let the consequences fall on your own head —I shall hold myself acquitted both before God and man for the course I shall feel bound to puisue towards you.— Your obedient servant, Jas. Shields. Hon. Sidney Breese. Gen. Shields begins his letter by referring to the wounds he received in Mexico. This allusion seems quite unnecessary. The whole country, and particu larly the piople of Illinois, are familiar with the fact that he bears honorable scars upon his poison. For these wounds he has already received a liberal si; re of sympathy from his grateful countrymen. Howev er, l am not disposed to cavil at this part of his letter. It is a matter of taste that does not concern me. I deny most positively that I treated Gen. Shields with “ coldness and unkindness” on his return from Mexico. Immediately on his arrival in this city, I called ro pay my respects to him, and not finding him at home, left ray card, as is the custom. A few days after this, I met Gen. Shields, when his manner to wards me was so cold and repulsive that I saw all familiar intercouue was at an end, and of course I did not attend the dinner given to him. I repeat that I did not treat Gen. Shields with “ coldness and unkindness,” for I entertained, at that time, none other than the most friendly feelings towards him; and I confidently appeal to the whole history up to this time of our personal professional and political in tercourse, to support this declaration. As tc’his eligi bility to the office of Senator, I can only sky that I “propagated” no“repjit,” here or elsewhere, in re lation to it. In conversation upon the subject, I sta ted to a friend a fact, which the record of the Effing ham circuit court will establish, and “ blood,” no mat ter where or how “ poured out,” cannot alter that re cord, or change the constitution of the United States. The assertion of Gen. Shields, tba I charged him with “ ineligibility ” in an article in the St. Louis Repub lican, not only is not true, but is without any color of truth. 1 positively a. sert, and defy contradiction, that I did not write, nor cause to be written, nor know until after its publication that it had been writtei, that, or any other article, for that or any other paper, in relation to this subject. Not the least so of the many remarkable passages of this letter of Gen. Shields, is the following: “On | this subject, I have simply to say, that, had I been defeated by you on this ground, (the ground of ineli gibility,) I had sworn in rny heart that you never should have profited by your success; and, depend upon it, I would have kept my vow, regardless of consequences,” Certainly, it is fortunate for the he- * nor of the country that ths rash “vow” has been “ cancelled” by my defeat! General Shields sub mits bis pretensions to a seat in the Senate to a Dem ocratic caucus of the Illinois Legislature, and agrees expressly or by the clearest implication, that he will abide their decision ; and yet it appears that, at this very moment, “ he had sworn in his heart to defeat the will of the pai.y, if it had pronounced in favor of his most prominent competitor; and, in order to ac complish his purpose, he determines to perpetrate an assassination ; for such is the obvious import of this language. Such a design, and such a deed, are re volting to the American character. They are wor thy only of the most infamous age of Italian crime.— If our political contests are to be mingled with, or fol ded by, personal violence, how long will our elec tive system endure? Without fuuher comment, I submit this extraordinary passage to the consideration of candid men, Christians and patriots, who love and respect the laws and institutions of our country, and desire to guard and defend them against all violation. Gen. Shields says: “In lS4olgave him some jhing in the shape of a final certificate of naturali zation” which was “to simplify the prrof in case of difficulty.” The naturalization laws do not recog nize “something” or anything “in the shape of a final certificate,” to simplify proof in case of difficul ty,” or for any other purpose. How, then, could I, a circuit judge, have given him any such paper ? The statement has no tact, legal provision, or proba bility, to support it. The truth is, no such cenificate was ever given by me. He may, or may not, have procured a copy of his record of his naturalization un der the seal of the court, and that is the only certifi cate I could have any connexion with, directly or in directly. The first and only knowledge I ever had of Gen. Shield’s father, either in connexion with his citizenship or in any other connexion. I derived in an article published in the St. Louis Republican; a short time subsequent to the election of Senator. And I have yet to see or near ofany man in Illinois or e!se where, who knew that Lis fa.her was even a resident of this country. General Shields says, I knew that he (being a minor at tae time) was naturalized by the naturalization of his father, because he “told me of the circumstancee. Suppose he did tell me so, (which I positively deny,) does that make it so ? Even though his assertion might convince me of the fact, a bundle of certificates from me, no matter how strong, would be of no le- 1 value. If it be true that his father was in this coun try, and naturalized, is it possible that Gen. Shields should know the fact, and not know the State and county where it occurred ? When authentic copies of those naturalization papers, if they exist, could be so easily procured, is it not strange that he should at tempt to extort frpm me by menace, a statement, which if obtained, could have no legal bearing upon the subject. What the “consequences” are against which Gen, Shields give me “ fainwarning” if I persist in what no sane man will call I am equally igno rant of and indifferent to. One thing is certain.be they what they may, I have not given nor shall I oive him any “statemert” ofthe character required, iilher “quietly” or upon iiupemire demand ” In conclusion, I will state that I hare netlher pro ved nor desired lha necessity that has impelled me to make this communication. I respectfully submit it under the full conviction that it is called for by the circumstances. Sidney Breesls, Washington , Feb. 26, 1849. The publication of the letter with Judge B’t. caustic comments was so overwhelming to Gen. S., that he attempted the following ex planation: Washington, Feb. 28, 1849. It is with much reluctance I feel compelled to in trude upon the notice of the public a statement explan- * atory of a private 1 ta addressed by me a few days ago to the Hon. Sidney Breese, and published by him with comments, in the Intelligencer of this day. The facts are these; Mr. Breese has been for many months engaged industriously in disseminating the moit injerions reports concerning me, the only osten sible motive being that my friends had brought me forward as his competitor for election to the Senate of the United States. I had been, ever since my visit to this city last summer, cognizant of h% efforts, un ceasing, unremitting, and : eckless to blast my charac ter and rob me of the only wealth to which I can lay claim—a reputation, thank God, without a blot. Im mediately upon my arrival here I wrote him the let ter he has published, accusing him of his baseness. That letter, written under the influence of no ordinary emotions, was couched in language, which, under other circumstances, I would not have used; and, upon reflection, and by the advice of my friends, I authorized two honorable Senators, formally to with draw it. Mr. Breese declined to yield it up, and the use he made of it, shows by what motives he was ac tuated. That portion of my letter which he has distorted into a threat of assassination, 1 shall briefly notice. The means he used to prevent my election were of such a nature that the competition between ns became a personal struggle, and, aa his triumph would have been an endorsement of bis calumnies, my character and position were involved in the issue. I deter mined. therefore, as intimated in my letter to render such a triumph unavailing, by a thorough exposure of his character and conduct, thus turning into a moral pillory the position of Senator of the United States, which he would have acquired by the vilest misrep resentations. The interpretation he has put upon this threat —that is, that I had avowed toassa sinate him — is so absurd that it would be Equally preposterous on my part to repudiate such a meaning. That any sane man could have believed I would have assassi nated Mr. Breese, I have no apprehension. That Mr. Breese ever dreamed of such a thing, is totally im possible. For the controversy in which Mr. Breese would have involved me on other matters, I have no relish. I do not think myself warranted, except as in the case ot the above statement, for self defence, in thrust in g my personal concerns on the notice of the public, besides that, the course Mr. Breeds has pursued in re lation to my letter, disentitles him to that considera tion which might induce me under other circumstan ces to reply to his remarks. James Shields. Straight from California. —The New Haven Journal furnishes its share of Califor nia news in the following : “We are able, through the politeness of a friend in this city, to present to our readersthe following extract from a letter of a friend and college classmate, now at San Francisco, dated November 18. The writer is the Rev. C. C. Lyman, a graduate of the class of ’37, who, soon after his settlement in the Ministry, lost his health, anu made a voyage to ihe Pacific. He was there when the gold mines were dis covered, and going to them, he is reported to have gathered in the short time of six weeks, some SISOO in gold. We place more reliance on this letter than anything we have seen. “The immense gold deposite iu the Sierra Nevada has been the prominent object of thought in California the last six months, and it will be for years. I have visited several dif ferent parts of it. “It is everywhere extremely rich. Its length along the Sierra has been explored some four hundred miles, and rich diggings have been ac tively worked. At a moderate estimate proba bly four or five milfoils of dollars, at sl9 an ounce, Troy, have already been taken out since the workings were commenced, about nine months ago, most of it within the last four months As the exploration proceeds the re sults become richer and richer; from four to six thousand people have probably been digging; and an average day’s work for the whole would hardly fall short of an ounce. Five, six or ten onneesare not uncommon days works, and some individuals have taken out two, three, four and even ten or more pounds of gold in a single day. “I design, at my earliest leisure, to write a pretty full description of the placer, and its geo logical associations. Suffice it to say, that the rocks of the Sierra Nevada range are primitive and metamorphic, and that the gold occurs, so far as I have observed, solely in one geological position, and that thestrata of drift ordiluvium, in places where the diggings have been carried on, varies in half afoot to several feet in thick ness. The richest excavations have been in the bottom of dry ravines, though gold is found on the slopes, and even on the summit of the bills. Single pieces have been reported as weighing fifteen and twenty pounds, hut the largest I have seen is one at present in my keeping. It weighs between six and seven pounds Troy, being composed of a large pro portion in bulk of quartz rock with metallic gold interspersed ; —the weight of the gold amounting probably to two and a half or three pounds.” Savannah Still Onward. —We publish this morning a comparative statement of the exports of Cotton and Rice from the port of Savannah, to foreign ports, for the month of February, 1848 and 1849, the gratifying fact that notwithstanding the commercial distress that has prevailed in other countries to a degree to become oppressive to all classes of society, that the efforts of that class of our fellew citi zens engaged in commercial pursuits, have been blessed with almost unparalleled' success during the past year; and that our seaboard, as well as many others in our country, pre sents no falling off in the amount of business compared with the returns of other ye irs. The quantity of Upland Cotton shipped from the port of Savannah for the month of February 1849 exceeds the amount shipped for the cor responding month of 1848, by 6,321,563, lbs., of Sea Islands 252,744 lbs., and of Rice 672 casks, and the aggregate value of the exports of February, 1849, exceeds that of same lime 1848, by 362,054. With such developments before us, who is there that calls himself a Georgian and can refuse all the aid in his pow er to render the only seaport in his State, what she is destined to be, the greatest commercial city in the South.— Savh. Gear. The Southern Cultivator. —We are indebted to the publishers, for the January and February numbers of this excellent paper, and for their promptness in granting our re quest for aa exchange, they will accept our thanks. On a perusal of the numbers before us, we feel constrained to call the attention of our country friends to the importance of sustaining, by subscribing to it at once. The subjects discussed a e of the greatest value to every Southern farmer. It appears to be de voted altogether to Southern Agriculture its contributors being mostly practical farmers, who through its columns distribute a vast a mount of useful and practical information ; touching the cultivation of cotton, corn, oats, potatoes, and everything in which the Southern producer should feel the liveliest interest.— No farmer in the South should be without a work of this kind, and the locality of the Southern Cultivator, together with the low price at which it is published, should ensure it a general circulation, The price is only one dollar per year. Any person can see the work at this office. —Grenada Republican. Paper Mill in Alabama. —The Tuscaloosa Monitor of the Ist inst. says: We are happy to announce the completion of tne paper manufacturing establishment, which has been for some time in progress of construction near our landing, and the actual commeucemement of its regular operation. This event will be regarded by our citizens with high satisfaction, not only because of its real importance to our local prosperity, but on account of the additional liveliness which it gives to the business aspect of the place. The working of the machinery leaves noth ing, so far as we can judge, to be desired ; and the general appearance of the establishment re flects credit upon its superintendent, Mr. R. S. Kirk. Chronicle tmQ sentinel. AUGUSTA, G-A : THURSDAY MORNING, MARCH 8, ’49. Bnild up your own State. The recent annexation of Texas and Cali fornia has operated, and is likely to operate, disastrously on the old planting States, by withdrawing from them the two most impor tant elements of prosperity ; namely; Popula tion and Capital. Nothing can make an ade quate recompense to a State for the loss of its citizens, and the loss of their capital, but the acquisition from another source of new citizens and of more capital. It is inconceivable how a community or a State can long prosper, whilst constantly exporting its citizen*, their laborers and property, and receiving nothing in return. When a commonwealth exports emigrants to the West, it receives no equiva lent whatever. It not only diminishes its abili ty to build and support railroads, churches and schools ; but it taxes its exhausted lands which are left, to plant new colonies, maintain terri torial governments, drive back the Indian sava ges and raise up powerful competitors and ri vals in producing its own staples on better soils. This policy is neither just, nor humane, nor patriotic, nor profitable. It is a war against civilization —a war against man’s intellectual and moral improvement. It diminishes at once the value of human life, the value of human labor, and the value of every thing that mental and physical labor call into existence. God has made man a social being; and it is moral ly impossible that any one family can achieve so much of good works, or enjoy so much of happiness alone in the world, or nearly so, as it can in a community of many families. It is the peculiar isolation of the life of the hunter, and that of the poor husbandman who exhausts, as he tills the earth, which prevents their rapid advancement in civilization. They are neces sarily kept under their respective systems of obtaining a livelihood, at too great distance one from another. There is very little collision of thought, and intellect becomes stationary or moves in a narrow circle. No new and valuable discoveries are made. The rudest arts remain without change or improvement from generation to generation. Society never advances, unless the impulse comes from with out, and moyes it forward even against its re sistance. Thirty-four years ago, at th.e close of the last war with England, DeWit Clinton strongly urged upon the people of the State of New York the policy of improving and aggrandiz ing that Commonwealth. For a time the “ Buck-tail” or Locofoco party, successfully op posed the great statesman; but at length the Common School and Erie Canal—the build ing-up policy—prevailed. Under the shortsighted and erroneous policy of Thomas Ritchie, Virginia, which had great er natural resources than New York, adopted the theory which seeks distinction by export ing citizens, slaves and other capital to form new States. By this the mother of States has been remorselessly stript of her property, her physical strength, and her moral power. From being the first State in the Union, Vir ginia has been made the fourth by the rnis-gov ernment of an unwise policy. Instead of be ing built up as she truly and well deserved to be, she has been depopulated, and pailially desolated for the supposed benefit of abscond ing children. In 1830 the “ Ancient Domin ion” had twenty-one delegates in the House of Representatives. But under the depopu liting policy of Virginia statesmanship, the census oflß4o deprived her of six representa tions in Congress. The census of 1850 will probably take two more away from her, and one from South Carolina. There is no escape from the righteous judg ment of Heaven, which takes away the “ ten talents” from those that hide them in the ground, and gives them to such as make a pro . per use of the gifts of Providence. Instead of exporting citizens and capital, we look with confidence to see both flow into this State. Its agriculture, its commerce, its cities, its vil lages, its common schools, its manufactures, its colleges, its churches, its railroads and its peo ple must all be built up here, and no where else. Why should we waste our time in a bootless controversy at home about what is to be, in the far off land of and California? How much more land have we in our own State, than is well cultivated, or likely to be, during the life-lime of any one now living ? Let us first decide the question; how we can best improve all the water power in-the State ; and how soonest double and treble its popula tion, its wealth and its power in the Federal Union. Interesting to Southern Wheat Growers and Millers. The following paragraph is taken from the last Albany Evening Journal : “At the late term of the Circuit Court held in Syracuse, at which Judsre Allen presided, an ac tion was brought by John D. Norton to recover the value of 1900 bushels of Wheat taken by Jason C. Woodruff to flour for the plaintiff, at bis mill in Sa- Hna. The case turned upm the question whether there was an actual change of title in the property upon the deliveiy of the wheat. Woodruff agreed to return one barrel of superfine flour for every 4 36-60 bushels of wheat delivered to him. This cause has been tried once before, when the plaintiffs recov ered ; and an appeal was taken to the Supreme Court and to the Appeals. The verdict of the Jury in the present trial was as before *for the Plaintiffs, damages $2,566.57. In the first place, the wheat grower should un derstand that he must raise perfectly chan wheat if he expects a Georgia miller ever to give him a barrel of superfine flour for four and ninesixteenths bushels of grain. On the other hand, the miller will see how perfect must be his machinery to give 196 lbs. of superfine flour for 270 of wheat, and make money by “grinding it. We learn that it has been customary at the South to give some six bushels of wheat for a barrel of flour, i. t. 360 lbs. of grain for 196 of superfine flour. In working up wool filled with burrs, the loss is still greater, as we will illustrate by com paring Northern and Southern prices and pro ducts at no distant day Tlie New Cabinet. The nominations for the new Cabinet were transmitted to the Senate on Tuesday, which is said to be constituted thus : J. M. Clayton of Del., Secretary of State. W. M. Meredith of Pa., Treasury. Thus. Ewing, Ohio, Home Departtaent. G. W. Crawford, Ga., War Deportment. W. B. Preston, Va M Navy Department. Jacob Collamer, Vt., Postmaster General. Reverdy Johnson, Md., Attorney General. Against a Cabinet thus composed, a majori ty being from slaveholding States, with Genl. Taylor at the head of affairs, the Agitators at the South will find it difficult, we think, to make much headway in their efforts to get up an excitement, on the slavery question. The people of the South have too much confidence in the honesty and sterling patriotism of the President, and his devotion to the rights of the South in common with the interests [of the whole country, to suffer themselves to be lash ed into a frenzied excitement when nothing is to be accomplished thereby. In Georgia espe cially there can be no motive for agitation, save the hope of making political capital or to grati fy individual aspirations for notoriety. A Southern President is already installed —our members of Congress for the next session elected, and as our Legislature will assemble one month before Congress, and can if they choose take the subject of Southern rights un der consideration, —nothing is to be gained by agitation—while it may serve to embarrass the adjustment of the question by the now ad ministration. British Census. What the United States began to do sixty years ago Great Britain has just thought of doing, namely, numbering the people. A census of the whole British empire is to be taken in 1851. Orders have been sent to all the colonies to make preparations for this labor, that it may be executed on a systematic and uniform plan throughout the British dominions in every part of the globe. This is the first time that a complete census of the British empire has been deter mined upon by the Government, although no country has produced so many wi iters upon the subject of population as Great Britain. On the other hand, the United States have produced fewer writers on the theory of papulation than Great Britain, Prance, or Germany, yet our country has furnisked more im portant statistical facts upon this subject than all Eu rope combined.— National Intelligencer. Our U. S. statistics of “ population ” may be equal to the French Official Tables; but in regard to rural affairs, the consumption of breadstuff's and provisions, and a variety of other useful matters, we are a long way behind France in our statistics. Our tables fail to ex hibit the number of births, deaths, and mar riages ; they fail to show the number of horses, and that of mules, cows and goals. They show not the number of acres of wheat, corn, cotton, tobacco, or of any other crop. They give us no information as to the number of fleeces of wool. We learn, however, that whilst France had 39,000,000 of sheep in 1840, the whole of our thirty States contained only half that nunr her. Our statistics are extremely defective in re lation to the productive industry of the coun try. Not only are the Tables imperfect, but the manner in which the census has been ta ken in most of the States, was such that no one familiar with the process, had any confidence in the correctness of the information given by the marshals. We look to the next Congress and a Whig Administration, to render the U. States census of 1850, far more particular and reliable than any which has preceded it. Cheese-Making in Virginia. Mr. Robt, M. Marshall, of Happy Creek Va. gives an interesting account of his dairy operations in the March number of the Albany Cultivator. Some of his statements are worthy of attention in this quarter, where we have the best market in the world for cheese, and any quantity of land and cows with which to pro duce this agricultural staple. Mr. M. has found the business of making cheese so profitable that be has established three dairies for that purpose. His dairymen, and utensils were procured in the State of New York. His cows cost him an average $11.48 each. Two of his dairies contain each 40 cows; the other 63. During the season for making cheese each averages about 2 \ lbs. of cheese a day. In this market such cheese would be worth by the ton about eight cents a pound ; giving an average product of 20 cents a day each, or S2O for 100 cows. Allowing cheese to be made 150 days in a season, the product in cheese would be S3OOO. A good cow will give milk at least 250 days in the course of {a year. Hence butter can be made 100 days in a season ; and not a little pork out of the butter-milk. Mr. Marshall keeps his cows in barns or stables much of the time which have basement cellars for storing and saying all the manure from his stock. He says : “ Our cows are considered by the northern dairymen who have seen them, as fairly averaging in point of size and appearance, the dairies of the North-” There is many a planter in Georgia who might easily get up a dairy of 50 or 100 cows; and he would find it a profitable appen dage to his present farming establishment. Too Much Politics. —The fact is North Carolina has heretofore been too much of a “ political” State. The warfare carried on by the two parties has kept them too busy to think of any thing else—they have had no time to consult the public good. But a bright er day is dawning upon our destiny, and in a Yew years we hope to see our people among the wealthiest, most enterprising, and most intelligent of the Union. —Mountain Banner. The old North State is not the only one where too much attention is paid to pohtics; or perhaps it would be nearer the mark to say that too little attention is paid to the advance* ment of mechanical and agricultural industry. The latter are not exciting enough to suit the taste of the majority, who dictate to the press the kind of mental food which is most agreea ble. The manufacture of leather, boots and shoes, cotton yarn, nails, axes, plows, hoes, knives and forks, tea cups and saucers, in volves no political rights, and hence such mat ters are regarded as of no account. We think everything of rights and nothing of duties. The Mississippi.— The anxiety of the citi zens of New Orleans and the lower Mississippi, was rather increasing than abating at the last dates, in consequence of the threatening height of the river. Prosperous Business. —The receipts on the Charleston Rail Road for Freight and passen gers, during the month of February, amount to one hundred and one thousand dollars. Minister to Berlin, The nomination of ex-Senator Hanegan as Minister to Berlin by President Polk at the ' last moment of his official service, to reward a not very faithful partizan, is worthy of the cha racter of one who wrote the Kane letter. It would have been hardly more discreditable had 1 the now ex-President undertaken to appoint every subordinate officer under his successor. ISditorlal Discourtesy* The Macon Telegraph copies the gross per sonal attack made by name, on one of the Edi tors of this Journal, by the Constitutionalist, and thus calls attention to the article : “Read the eloquent and truthful article, entitled “ Mr. Calhoun’s assailants and their motives,” co pied into another column from the Augusta Constitu tionalist.” Having endorsed the charges of the Consti tutionalist as a “truthful article the Telegraph can do no less, in common fairness, than to copy our answer to those charges, and call the attention of his readers to their refutation. “ A perusal of General Taylor’s answers to the various salutatory addresses made to him, during hia triumphal passage from Baton Rouge to Washington, has inspired us with additional respact for his intel lectual powers. They are in every instance, char acterized by good taste, kind feeling, modesty and felicity of expression, ami seem, every where, to have elicited the most enthusiastic feelings.”— Lynchburg Virginian. President Taylor’s remarkable command of the English language lias been ascribed to the talent and education of Maj. Bliss. But as the latter gentleman was not along to suggest or indite “Old Zack’s” impromptu replies to all sorts of compliments and speeches, and as these replies are most admirable in their way, perhaps his opponents will now admit that he wrote his military despatches, which elicited so much commendation in Europe, as well as at home. Our Business Citizens. —About visiting New York, are referred to the advertisement of Messrs. Taber & Bagley. proprietors of that well known establishment, the American Hotel. This hotel is second to none in point of location and the style in which it is kept by the enterprising lessees. Mr. Fillmore and his Clerks. —The Al bany Evening Journal contains a correspon dence between Mr. Fillmore and his Clerks in the Comptroller’s Department at Albany, iu which the clerks express their admiration of Mr. F. as a public man, and thank him most cordially for the uniform kindness and cordial ity which have characterised his intercourse with them in the administration of the office of Comptroller. Mr. F. made a happy and appro priate reply. Nearly all of these gentlemen were demo crats, whom Mr. F. with his usual liberality, retained in their places,although Whigs equally worthy of appointment were by no means scarce in the State of N. York. The Biography of DeWitt Clinton is an nounced as in press at Buffalo, and the author ship is attributed to Geo. W. Clinton, son of the distinguished deceased. No gentleman in Western New York wields a more classic and graceful pen than G. W. C., a son of the “immortal Clinton.” Completion of the State. Road. —The Dalton Eagle expresses the conviction that the Stale road will not be completed to Chatta nooga by the Ist of October next, the time generally designated. We hope the Eagle's opinion may prove incorrect, yet vve fear the expectations of the friends of the road will not be realized on the Ist of October. Green Superior Court has been adjourn ed by his Honor Judge Meriwether to the sth Monday in April next. The Northerner. —The N. Y. Commercial ofFriday afternoon, says: The fine steamship Northerner, Captain Budd, took her departure yesterday al.ernoon at 3 o’clock for Chagres, with about one hundred and fifVy passengers for California; a large concourse of people were assembled on the wharves to see them take their departure. Scotch Pig Iron.— We learn from the Glas gow Annual Report on the iron trade, that the exports of Scotch pig iron to this country were last year ninety odd thousand tons; or more than double that sent to all other countries what* ever —that whilst the exports to this market in 1846 were but 13,918 tons, under the operations of the Polk Tariff they have run up to 90,235 tons in 1848. If we had no iron ore in this country ; no food for laborers that might dig and melt it; and no wood nor coal for fuel; then there would be some sense in going to Scotland for pig iron. Dry Dock at Brooklyn. —The Dry Dock at the U. S. Navy Yard, Brooklyn, will be fin ished by the Ist of July, 1850. It is 307 feet long. 98 wide, with 26 feet water to the mitre sills. The cost of its construction is estimated at $1,450,000. An Elegant Car—The Charleston Cour ier of yesterday, contains the following notice of a passenger car recently furnished for the Charleston Rail Road. “We bad the pleasure of being present yesterday to witness the trial of a Car, con structed on new principles, recently built for the South Carolina railroad at their workshops. It is sixty feet long, runs upon sixteen wheels, and is so constructed that the weight instead of being upon the axles, is thrown upon trans verse pieces equi-distant from the axles, sup ported by gulta percha springs; the conse quence is that all jarring is prevented, and it runs as smoothly as a carriage over a Macad amized turnpike. Another great advantage which it has over the old fashioned cars is. that in the event of an axle breaking, it can be readily removed out of the way, and the car proceed on its journey without detention. The material of which it is composed is taken from our own forests— the seats, with moveable backs, being made of our native sycamore, the grain of which pre sents a most beautiful appearance, and is highly polished. The interior of the car is in admira ble keeping with the outward appearance, be ing elegantly fitted up, the seats cushioned with crimson figured plush, presenting a most gorge ous appearance. . At each end is an apartment for ladies, luxu riously furnished, and having all the appliances necessary for comfortand convenience, and it fully shows what can be done at home, as it is unquestionably unsurpassed, if equalled by any Car upon any Northern Road. In 1835, only thirteen years ago, there were not 0000 white inhabitants between Lake Mich igan and the Pacific ocean! Now there are nearly 1,000,000. ere are BtT % ftlagnrtlc ®elcgraplj. Transmitted for the Chronicle dk Sentinel. New Yorlt Market. Baltimore, March 7, 4 o’clock 11.I 1 . M.— ln the New York market to day, the sales ofCottoo amount to four hundred bales. Yesterday, sales of one thou sand. Prices unchanged. Other things the same. The Cabinet. Same as before reported, except Johnson of Mary land, is to be Attorney General ; Collaincr, of Vermont, Post Master General; Preston, Navy; Ewing, Home Department. ?r|p The above despatch came through from Baltimore, in two hours, and we hope to re ceive them more regularly hereafter than for the past week or ten days has been the case. Owing to some experiments making on the line, we did not receive our Charleston or Sa vannah despatches last night. From the charleston Courier of yesterday—By Telegraph, From Washington* Our Washington correspondent states that the President received a number of addresses yesterday from City Delegations. The crowd at the White House was immense. Jacob Collamer of Vermont, has been nomi. nated Post Master General, and Mr. Ewing for the Home Department. The Senate Committees are ordered to be elected by ballot this day. Mr Walker’s reso lution to refer Gen. Shields’ credentials to the judiciary committee was discussed, but Gen. Shield’s was finally admitted to his seat. Suspension Bridges. —The successful en terprise of throwing a bridge over the Niagara river, below the falls, has suggested several others of like character, in the West. Accor ding to the Cincinnati Gazette— It is proposed to bridge the Ohio river, be tween Cincinnati and Coviugion on the Ken tucky side, Mr. Charles Ellett, Jr. the distin guished Engineer, has written a letter declaring its practicability, and the lower House of the Ohio Legislature has passed a bill incorpora tinga company to build the bridge. JVfr. Ellett says in his letter, that it is entirely practicable “ to span the whole breadth of the river with a single arch, which will not im pair the navigation in the least, at a cost of $300,000, The gigantic arch is to be 120 feet above the centre of the river, at low water—the towers for the suspension of the wire cables 230 feet high—twenty cables tour inches in diameter, capable of sustaining a weight of 7,000 tons. The bridge at Wheeling is to be ninety two feet above low water mark—-the bridge con templated across the Mississippi at St. Louis is to have an elevation of forty-five feet above the higbestfreshels—but this bridge is proposed at 120 feet above low water mark, or fifty feet above the great flood of 1832. Passage of the Virginia and Tennessee Railroad Bill. —An engrossed bill authoriz ing a subscription, for the State, to the Vir ginia and Tennessee Railroad Company, was taken up as the order of the day. The ryder submitted to the bill by Mr. Dorman, as well as various propositions to amend the ryder, &c., were all voted down, and under the operation of the previous question, the Bill passed in pre cisely the same form it assumed when rejected a few days since, by the decisive vote of ayes 76 to noes 54. We congratulate the People of Virginia on this auspicious result, and hail the passage of this bill as the harbinger of a better day for the good old Commonwealth. —Richmond Times, 3 d inst. Something New.—Mr. Joseph Harris, Jr., of Boston, has invented and patented a box and axle, which requires no oil and almost en tirely escapes friction. The working model has been turned 1008 revolutions in a minute, equal to 120 miles an hour, without producing perceptible heat, and without the use of any oil. The mechanism is somewhat after the manner of that discovered by Ezekiel in his vision, a wheel in the middle of a wheel,” or rather six wheels in the middle of one. The box is about five inches in diameter and the axle three inches, and in the space between them are disposed, at equal distances, six anti friction rollers which are kept in their places by teeth at both their ends, playing in corres ponding circles of teeth in both the box and axle. There is no bearing upon these teeth, which are cut in the anti-friction curve. The bearing is entirely upon the smooth portion of the rollers between the teeth. The only ser vice of the teeth is to prevent the possibility of the rollers getting out of place. Emigration.—lt appears from the annua) re port of the Commissioners of Emigration, that 180,176 emigrants arrived at Few York during the year 1848, of whom 98,081 were from Ire land, 51,973 from Germany, and from other countries, 39,142. Paris no longer France.—According to the London correspondent of the National In telligencer, it will no longer do for those who want to know what is doing in France, to look at Paris and Paris only. He states that a bene ficial change is now going on, and that it will be very much accelerated by the present posi tion towards each other of the President, the Ministers and the National Assembly, The provinces, he adds, are making head against the dominion of Paris and the time is rapidly coming when the Government which wishes to be strong in France, must look to the provinces for the means of becoming so. Brig. Gen. Riley.—We learn by letter that the United Stales transport ship lowa, 47 days from New York, arrived at Rio Janeiro on the 25th of December. Brigadier General Bennett Riley and staff, and the officers and men of three companies of the 2d Infantry were on board, bound to California, and all well. The lowa was to sail Dec. 30th for San Francisco, and would stop at Valparaiso and Monterey.— The voyage thus far has been prosperous, and but one man died on the passage from New York.— N. Y. Express. London, Feb. B.—The average number of daily emigrants arriving in Dublin, from vari ous parts of Ireland, and setting out from the port of Liverpool to the United States, is esti mated at from 1500 to 2,000. They all take out with them feather beds, articles of furniture, and some small capital. It is a fact which will hardly be credited, but which is nevertheless unquestionably true, that such is now the dire destitution among the upper classes in the West of Ireland, that three magistrates in the county of Mayo, are receiving out-door relief for themselves and their families from three dif ferent parish Unions.— Correspondence of the Journal of Commerce. Norfolk. Va., Feh. 28th — Heavy Storm- Wharves Inundated, Sfc. —city has been visited with a most severe storm, which com menced on Sunday last, and continued until Tuesday, doing much damage. The wharves were overflowed, and a number of buildings were blown down by tho heavy wind prevail ing. Many vessels have been compelled to put back. The steamer Sea Gull was lying . to, preparing to proceed on her voyage on Tuesday. Serious damages have been expe rienced. The Late Snow Storm. —Some of our old friends, long residents in Nova Scotia, and who are now fast verging on three score and ten, have informed us that since 1798 we have not had such a snow storm as that of the past weeit. Fifty-one years ago the drifts were so high that a tunnel was cut through a snow bank at Fort Needham, sufficiently large to admit the pas sage (of sleighs and wagons.— Halifax, Nova Scotian, 31st.
