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About Daily chronicle & sentinel. (Augusta, Ga.) 1837-1876 | View Entire Issue (Sept. 22, 1849)
CHRONICLE & SENTINEL. BY vVILIiIAM S. JONES. OAIL.Y, TRI WEEKLY <fc WEEKLY OFFICE IN RAIL ROAD BANK BUILDING TERMS —Daily Paper, peran’in,in advance*slo Tri-Weekly Paper, “ “ “ 5 Weekly, (a mammoth sheet) L“ “ •• 2 ('ASH SYSTEM. —In nocase willanorderforthe paper be attended to, unless accompanied with the money', and in every instancewhen thetimefor which the subscription may be paid, expires before the re ceipt of funds to renew the same, the paper will he discontinued. Depreciated fundsreceived at valuein this city. Correspondence of the Macon Jour. s(* Mess. Vale op S.prings, Walker County, ) Sept. 2d, 1849. $ Messrs. Editors : —One of the most remarka ble spots on this continent—perhaps in the world—is the little valley in Walker county, to which allusion was recently made in your col umns. It is situated five miles from the Tun nel, one mile and a half from the Railroad, and has recently been purchased by Dr. McDonald, of your city, and Dr. Batt,y of Augusta. Imagine to yourselves an elevated cove, or basin, in the Blue Ridge, surrounded almost entirely by towering eminences. From the Eastern slope, a bold, clear brook, comes tum bling into the valley, and passes rapidly West ward until it escapes between two abrupt mountain peaks, and dashes for half a mile over rocky barriers into a branch of the Chick - arnaugee. On the borders of this brook, and the centre of this basin, which I shall designate “The Vale of Springs,” there is a level spot about two acres in extent, within the limits of which. I have counted no less than fifty-two dis tinct, bold, and well defined springs. It is not unusual to find these springs possessing entire ly different mineral qualities, within a few feet of each other. The waters are strongly miner al—so much so, as scarcely to require the trouble ofan analysis to discover their distinc tive characteristics. We have here the Red, the White and the Black Sulphur, Iron, Magnesia, and the Salts, in all their various combinations. The deposites from the Red Sulphur are of most beautiful bright carmine tinge, and those of the other springs are equally distinctive. On the North side of the valley, there is a large, bold, blue lime stone spring, and within less than fifty yards of this, a fountain of the purest free-stone water gushes forth. It is almost impossible for the mind to conceive a class of disease, or a condition of the human system, to which some of these waters are not adapted. , All these springs seem to issue either from the mountain side upon a bed of hard black slate, or boil up through the slate. They are perennial—the most severe and continued droughts make no perceptible difference in the quantity of water which they discharge. As I know but little about Geology, I cannot pre tend to give you any very correct ideas of the peculiar formation in this valley. The layers of slate seem to stand almost perpendicularly, and terminate abruptly near the West end of the valley, in a kind of barrier or dam, immedi ately adjoining which, may be found a forma tion of beautiful white sand stone. Upon the slate formation in the North side of the valley are found black marble, variegated marble, and blue lime-stone in small quantities, but in al most immediate proximity. I cannot doubt that the curious and scientific will have much in this “Vale of Springs” to attract their atten tion and elicit their investigations. To the seeker after pleasure and ofhealth, they cannot fail to become a favorite resort. The ap proach from the Railroad can be easily made over a level and delightfully shaded road, not more than a mile and three quarters in length. The scenery immediately aronnd the springs, is rather of the calm and quiet order, but a walk of a half mile up the mountain side, will afford the visitor a delightful view of a highly pictu resque and romantic region, embracing many a mountain height and fertile valley. The location for the buildings is as beautiful and as convenient as the most tasteful or the most fastidious could desire. The country a round is protected by its native forests. The atmosphere is pure, dry and bracing, and en tirely free from disease, or from any cause which could produce it. Immediately in the rear of the springs on Dr. Me. Donald’s purchase, there are two beautiful mountain peaks, from the summits of which, visitors might enjoy an extensive prospect of the surrounding country. To the summit of the Eastern peak, a carriage road could be con structed atcomparalively little expense. They are so convenient to the proposed building site, that the ascent to the lop of either, would not consume over twenty-five or thirty min utes. The Sand Mountain on the North side dis tant about a mile and a half, is well worth a vis it, and its summit is destined to be the goal of many a pilgrimage from these springs in future days, It rises probably 1800 feet above the valley—is wholly isolated, nearly circular, and is entirely surrounded by Tiger Creek or its tributaries, which meander through a broad and very fertile valley. The ascent is easy on the South side, where a good road could be made. On all other sides, the brow is surrounded by a perpendicular wall of white sand stone, often 100 feet high. The summit for nearly 200 acres extent, is nearly level and heavily timber ed with oak, hickory, pine, and the usual growth of the valley. The soil is very rich and light, and nearly resembles the alluvial sands on a river bank. On the centre of this plain is another of about 12 acres in ex tent, and 200 feet high. This is also remarka ble for the fertility of its soil, and is crowded with immense forest trees. Here,too in places, may be seen immense walls of sand stone, which look as if they had for ages been washed by the ocean’s surges. On the extreme sum mit. and near the eastern side, may be seen the Giant’s Tomb.” It consists of an immense block of ‘Pudding Stone” which rests upon a smaller mass of “White Sand Stone.” I have no doubt that at no very distant day, the enterprising proprietors of the Springs will cause a carriage road to be constructed to the summit of this mountain, whither both the gal lantand the fair will resort to catch the invigo rating mountain breezes, and gaze over the vast expanse of field and forest, of valley and mountain, which will thus be brought within th ;ir view. Taking every thing into consideration, I know of no spot on the wide earth, for which nature has done more, than for this beautiful “ Vale of the Springs.” The waters are in deed “ waters of life”—life restoring and life preserving. They were the favorite resorts ol the Indians, who upon leaving the country, endeavored to destroy them by driving plugs of wood into the apertures in the slate. Some of these in a recent examination of the Springs, were found to be completely petrified. They cannot fail, with proper accommodations, to attract annually thousands of visitors. The owners, however, must not be afraid to spend money. The swarm of visitors who have fre quented upper Georgia the present season, will not return hither, unless they are assured that they can secure greater comfort. The buildings must be better constructed and bet ter finished, the rates reduced and the fare im proved. I have no doubt, that the present proprietors of these Springs understand their business, and will make their preparations on a liberal and extended scale. R. Cotton.— The prospect for an abundant crop in this section of the State is considerably lessened within the last three weeks, owing to the ravages of the worm. We understand that their appearance is not general throughout the fields, but in detached portions. In some in stances for acres together the destruction has been very great, especially in the top bolls; whilst the contiguous Cotton promises a fair remuneration. — Huntsville (Ala.) Democrat, IVth inst. Chronicle unit Sentinel. AUGUSTA, G A ; SATURDAY MORNING, SEPT. 358,’ 49. FOR GOVERNOR: EDWARD YOUNG HILL. FOB SENATOR FROM RICHMOND AND COLUMBIA : ANDREW J, MILLER. FOR REPRESENTATIVES EROM RICHMOND: CHARLES J. JENKINS. ALEXANDER C. WALKER. Senatorial Nominations. sth Dist. David J. Sermans, of Ware. 6th “ Dan. F. Mcßae, of Montgomery. Bth “ Thomas R. Hines, of Scriven. 9th “ Jas. Grubbs, of Burke. 10th “ Edw. J. Blacksreah, of Wilkinson. I2th “ Peter E. Love, of Thomas. 16th “ Van Leonard, of Muscogee. 17th “ W. N. L. Crocker, of Macon. 18th “ Robert Dixon, ofTalbot. 21st “ Jas. R. Smith, of Washington. 22d “ Andrew J. Miller, of Richmond. 23d “ Jos. W, Thomas, of Warren. 24th “ Joseph Gonder, of Hancock. 25th “ James Godard, of Jones. 26th “ Mickleberry Merritt, of Monroe. 27th “ Jas. A. Miller, of Crawford. 28th “ C. D. Park, of Meriwether. 29th “ .Blount C. Perrel, of Troup. 33d “ Elias Beall, of Walton. 34th “ Henr4 Sanford, of Greene. 36th “ Thomas Johnson, of Elbert. 37th “ Jacob Eberheart, of Madison. 39th “ Hiram R. Williams, of Gwinnett. 47th “ M. Montgomery, of Chattooga, of the three Northern mails, due last night, came through. There will, conse quently, be four mails due to-night from all points north of Charleston. Statistics of Fall River. The following statistics of Fall River, a flour ishing manufacturing town of Massachusets, which were compiled from the Assessors’ books, we desire to bring to the notice of our citizens: “Sums voted to be raised and overlay made by the Assessors to defray the current expenses of the town of Fall River, and to pay said town’s proportion of tax, for the municipal year commencing March Ist, 1849. For support of public schools SII,OOO 00 For repairs of highways 1,600 00 For repairs of sidewalks 2,000 00 For support of paupers 3,500 00 For support of street watch 2,000 00 For expenses of town officers 1,600 00 For liquidation of town debt 4,000 00 For paying interest en do. 4,500 00 For expenses of fire department 2,000 00 For discount, &c., on taxes 2,700 00 For incidental 2,700 00 For county tax 3,220 12 For public watering place 275 00 For receiving vault 500 00 $41,595 12 Overlay made by Assessors 1,253 84 $42,843 96 Property Valuation. 1848. 1849. Real estate $4,459,710 $4,398,215 Personal estate 2,751,575 2,999,950 $7,211,285 $7,398,165 Total increase of valuation from last year* * $186,880 Rate of assessment this year $5.20 per SI,OOO. Last year, $4.80 per 81,000. Names of persons, companies and estates paying a tax of SIOO and more, and (he amount of pro perty. Real & Personal. Tax David Anthony $52,215 $273 02 Jason H. Archer 46,260 242 05 American Print Works 359,850 1,871 22 Anawan Manufacturing Co 114,050 593 06 Jefferson Borden 54,710 285 99 Richard Borden • 91,470 477 15 Nathaniel B. Borden 113,955 594 06 Israel Buffington 23,145 123 41 Benjamin D. Davol 29,745 156 18 Msry B. Durfee 42,520 221 10 Mary B. Durfee, guardian for son* 95,695 497 62 Nathan Durfee 121,710 634 39 Fidelia B. Durfee and heirs ofM. C. Dm fee 77,970 405 44 Wm. B. Durfee, minor 25,245 131 27 Estate of Wm. Valentine 217,165 * 1129 26 Fall River Iron Works Co 888,530 4620 36 Fall River Manufactory 129,100 671 32 Oliver S. Hawes 19,900 104 98 Hawes, Marvel & Davol 88,200 459 16 Massasoil Steam Mill 148,600 772 72 William Mason 33,445 175 42 Robert W. Morville. 19,150 101 08 William Monday. 19,825 104 59 Pocasset Manufacturing Co. •••• 547,160 2845 23 Wm. R. Robeson. Assignees of* 29,700 155 64 A. Robeson & Sons. Assignees of* 170,320 885 66 Micah H. Ruggles. * * *: 82.365 429 80 Troy Manufactory. 127,550 663 26 Frederick Winslow. 44,550 233 17 Watuppa Manufacturing Co-••• 125,420 652 19 Non-Residents. Cook Borden & Co. Tiverton*. *541,960 $2lB 19 OliverChace do **• 35,950 186 94 C. W. Morgan, New Bedford* * 39,100 203 32 Benjamin Rodman do .. 33,200 172 64 Samuel Rodman do *. 44,800 232 95 Elizabeth Rodman do *. 56,900 295 88 Wra.R. Rodman do .. 36,000 187 20 Pardon G, Seabery do .. 19,400 100 88 Samuel Sandford, Boston. 66,400 345 28 The above does not include the School District Tax, which is as follows : No. lon valuation**.76c per slooo** *Poll. *.*3sc No. 2 do* •* .1 30 ...do do. 72 No. 7 d 0.... I 56-**-do d 0....-54 No. 10 d0...11 00-*. do do, •. 1 50 No. 14 d 0..... 52-.*-do d0.....33 Marriages recorded to May 1, ’49* *64* Last year, 104 Deaths do do 198- * • • do. • • • .199 Births do do 350 do ,365 Number of Publishments, April 1, 1848 197 do. do d0*.1849 143 This thriving New England village is situated within twelve miles of Providence, Rhode Island, and fifty miles of Boston, on Fall River, a small stream which forms an outlet for Wa tuppa pond into Mount Hope Bay, which has a fall of 140 feet in one hundred rods. The village contained in 1840, 8 churches, 2 banks, 1 insurance office, 58 stores, 1 furnace, 1 large iron works, 2 print works, 6 fulling mills, 1 woollen factory, 9 cotton factories, 2 tanneries, 1 pottery, 3 grist mills, 4 saw mills, and lumber yards, &c. There were 22 schools, a popula tion of 6,738 souls, and $1,436,300 of capital ioveslfed in manufactures. What amount is now so invested we know not, nor is it necessary to our present purpose, which was to show the people of Augusta what may be accomplished by building manufac tories in building up a city. Without manufac tures, perhaps the land on which this flourish ing town now stands would have been in culti vation, yielding a few hundred dollars’ worth of products annually ! Aided, however, by a little Yankee capital and industry, it has sprung into existence almost in sight of Providence and Boston, the two largest New England cities, and the population are driving a pros perous business, while they afford a market nearly as large as Augusta for the consump tion of the neighboring farmers. What capital and industry and enterprise have done for Fall River, they will accomplish, if properly direct ed, for Augusta. Among the subjects for taxation, we desire to call the attention of the Augusta reader to that which heads the list, SII,OOO for schools, with the hope that our citizens may profit by the hint. Here, in a population equally large, we have an Academy not very liberally en- ! dowed, and one Free School! which is sup | ported in some degree by the humiliating sys -1 tern of begging! Verily, there is some differ ence between the School statistics of Augusta and the Yankee village of Fall River—a differ ence which we think not very flattering to the former. Tine Democratic Circulars^ We are indebted to a gentleman from the country for the original of one of the Demo cratic Circulars, with which the mails have been flooded for some weeks, and for the infor mation of the public we give it a place in our columns, being desirous to aid the committee as much as possible in giving it a general cir culation. We trust that it will not be wholly lost upon the Whigs : Milledgeville, September 4, 1849. Sir : —The Executive Committee, appointed by the late Democratic Convention feel it to be their duty to urge upon the Party, throughout the State, the press ing necessity which exists at this time for active, united and zealous efforts. The Whigs, being unable to attack, with any suc cess, the Administration of our excellent and worthy Chief Magistrate, have determined to fight upon the “ Guerilla” system of warfare. Fearing that the well-known intemperate habits of their candidate might render him objectionable to some of his own party friends, it seems to have been a concerted policy with them to make the impression, in certain portions of the State, that the Democratic candidate is equally culpable in this respect. It never before was found necessary to make this charge against Governor Towns, notwithstanding he has been a prominent actor in the affairs of the Slate for twenty years; and it would not be heard of now, were it not that the Whig candidate is so inexcusably vulnerable on this score. We are happy to be able to state that the charge against Gov, Towns is as base a falsehood as political malignity ever invented ; and, were it necessary, we doubt not, the highest Whig authority of this place could be obtained to nail that lie to the counter. It is understood that, in many counties, the W T higs have two Committees—one to get Democrats to vote for their candidate—the other to see that their voters are brought to the polls. The only way to counteract their active zeal is, for the Democrats to complete and perfect their or ganization. Let us urge it upon you, especially, to see the prominent and leading men in your county — to endeavor to heal any dissension that may exist in reference to candidates for the Legislature—to take measures to get the Democrats to the polls, by ap pointing active, efficient, working men, for every district, who will spend at least one week, before the election, in advancing the cause, and be at the different precincts on the day. Whilst the Democracy of other States are rallying, and greeting their brethren of the Union with glori ous victories, shall Georgia lag behind 7 Will she endorse the Administration of the President of “bro ken pledges T' Will she approve of the elevation of abolitionists and free-soilers to high places in the Ca binet of the nation 7 Let every Democrat resolve that no such ignominy shall stain the fair escutcheon of his own loved Georgia, and, in October, we shall achieve a glorious triumph, and teach the spoilsmen at Washington that though lately defeated, we arc not yet conquered. John W. Gordon, ) Joseph Day, ! Executive H. H. Tarver, \ Committee. John T. Smith, ) Health of Charleston. —The Courier of yesterday contains the following notice of the “ Stranger’s Fever” in that city, which is but another name for the Yellow Fever : The Stranger's Fever . —For ten years past, Charleston has enjoyed a degree of health un paralleled in the statistics of any other city in the Union. Not a single case of Stranger’s Fever has occurred during this period, nor has an epidemic of any character assailed us. The official report of the Board of Health, published this morning, however, gives the in formation that six deaths have occurred during the week ending on the 15th inst. from Stran ger’s Fever. It has been known for some days that cases assuming the character of Stranger’s Fever have occurred, but they have been few in num ber, and by no means virulent, and generally occurring from incautious exposure or neglect, and for this reason w r e have not previously al luded to it in our columns, and doubtless the same views have actuated the Board of Health. When, however, marked and unmistakable cases occurred, it became the duty of the Board of Health to announce the fact, and their doing so will give confidence to our country friends, and to those at a distance, in the truth fulness of their reports on all occasions. They will perceive that there is no concealment with us, when disease invades our city, and that they can depend on the correctness of the re ports of our conservators of health. That this disease wili, in all probability, not become generally prevalent, or fatal, may be well believed, from the fact that it has com menced at a late period of the season—later, we believe, than it has ever before made its appearance—and also that the cases have been generally mild in character, and easily control led, if taken early in hand. Os the six deaths reported, we understand that four were from Ireland, one from England, and one from Ger many. To show the general state of the health of the city, apart from the deaths by fever, vve state the fact that but one white adult person has died during the week. We learn, from private sources, that the most exaggerated reports have gone abroad in reference to the prevalence of the fever among us. We can assure our readers that they can depend with the utmost confidence on the offi cial reports published, and at the same time assert that it has not assumed the character of an epidemic, and that, if it should, immediate and prompt notice of the fact will be at once given to the public. It has, in former years, (for, as before stated, for ten years we have been most peculiarly favored, as far as the health of our city is con cerned) been our boast that we have no con cealments on the subject es the health of Charleston, and it is not at this time that vve are to depart from a course that gives no op portunity to any to challenge the correctness of our official statements on this subject. We are somewhat surprised to find, after the earnest assurance of the Courier of their dis position to keep the public advised of the pro gress of the disease, that their repor; comes down only to the 15th instant. Why is this ? Have there been no cases or deaths snee last Saturday? The only way to put dowa extra vagant rumors, which are leaving thecity on every train of cars, is to make a full aid com plete report every day. The fact that this has not been done gives credence to the nost ex travagant stories of the virulence and eitent of the disease.— Ed. Chron. & Sent. Educations We invite the attention of those having youth to educate, or who may desire to ac quire a knowledge of book-keeping, si neces sary to every business man, to the opportuni ties offered by Mr. James Adams, wlo pro poses to re open his Classical and English School, on the first of October next. Os the ability of Mr. A. to impart instruction in the line of his vocation both to youth and adults, very many of our citizens can attest. Fis card will be found in another column. Mrs. R. C. Wheeler proposes to »pens a School for young ladies on the Ist prox., as will be seen by her card. A Glance at Europe. —The reader will find much to instruct and interest in the idmi rable letter from Europe, which we copjfrom the N. Y. Commercial Advertiser . From the N. Y. Commercial Advertiser. Tiling's in Europe. Berlin. August2B, 1849. The French Government has entered into an arrangement to have a sub-marine electric tele graph line across the Channel. The two grand capitals of the civilized world, Paris and Lon don, are to be brought into immediate commu nication. The distance that formerly demand ed of the traveller a week of fatigue* is now to be annihilated. Who can calculate the im mense effects of this constant and speedy in tercourse of the two nations? Commerce and polities will feel instantly the impulse. The intention is to throw open to the public all the advantages of the line. An Englishman is to construct it, Mr. Jacob Brett. He will have little to do, for, thanks to the repeated experi ments made on a large scale under the direc tion of the English Cabinet, all the conditions of success are known. We may expect, in one year from this time, to receive in New York Paris news dated an hour before the de parture of the Liverpool steamer. This happy idea is not the only one that has dawned on the minds of the Ministers of Louis Bonaparte. The Moniteur formally announces that a supply wfill be demanded of the Assem bly, at a very early date, to meet the expenses of a system of electric telegraph lines to con nect Paris with all the principal towns of France. The public is to be admitted to the advantages of the new system, for a small compensation. It will hardly be credited in the Uniled Slates that the only electric telegraph line now exist ing in France is the one between Paris and Rouen. The lines between Paris and the de partments are on the system of signals. Tow ers are built at certain intervals and men are put al the top of them on the look out. They make the signals by means of boards worked by cords. The shortest communication sent from Paris is, in the clearest weather, about three hours in reaching Marseilles; in cloudy weather they cannot be sent at all. The com munications are always short rarely exceeding a few lines. As to telegraphing a document like a President’s message, it has never been done. The exploits of this kind in America are considered by most Frenchmen purely fabulous. The nation will be roused from its torpidity by the new ideas of progress, and be fore long vve shall see France marching rapidly in civilization. Her system of railroads, destined to connect the Mediterranean with the Channel and with the Atlantic, wili be completed in a few years The young Republic, amid all its difficulties, agitations and pecuniary embarrassments, has done more to complete the roads than Louis Philippe did in the whole of his long and peace fal reign. He squandered on the fortifications of Paris, intended to enable him the better to bombard the city, more money than would have sufficed for all the railroads projected by his Ministers. Spain is already under the influence of the new ideas of reform and progress. Since the revolution of 1848 wonders have been accom plished in that benighted land. The efforts of the Narvaez Ministry to do away abuses have not been duly appreciated by the press. They have made little noise, probably because Spain is now where France was in 1789, and her at tempted reforms sounds strangely in the ears of a public accustomed to take for granted that she is in something like the condition of the other members of the great European family. This is a great mistake. Narvaez has had to con tend with the thousand monopolies which have paralyzed all the industry of the country, with the organized system of smuggling, and with the Catalonian high tariff men. half smugglers, half manufacturers. He has destroyed hosts of vexatious monopolies and official abuses, changed the tariff from prohibitory to protec tive, and centralized the police. At present he is about to commence a system of telegraphs to connect Madrid with the other Spanish ci ties, after having negotiated a postal treaty with France by which letters pass from one country to another for eight cents postage. The single measure of the change in the tariff is enough to send again the warm blood of life through the old and shrivelled veins of Spain. I do not hold up Narvaez as a friend of liber ty or of the people. On the contrary, he is a staunch monarchist and guilty continually of the most atrocious acts of despotism. But he has entered vigorously on administrative reforms, precisely such as Charles Albert and the execrated King of Naples operated in the kingdoms, and such as the Pope commenced in the early part of his reign, which gained him the applause of all the civilized world. But Narvaez has the honor of being the only Min ister in Europe who, during the last eighteen months, has proclaimed a full amnesty for po litical offences. He has shown himself in this more humane than the French Republic, or the mild mannered King of Prussia. The free navigation of the Po has been grant ed by the Dukes of Parma and Modena, and will projmbly be so by the Pope. This is of great importance to Italian commerce. The disposition of the age to breakdown the barriers between nations is nowhere more evi dent than in the new postal arrangements made between the different governments. A trealy has just been concluded by Austria with Swit zerland, and another with Piedmont, Parma and Modena, for the cheap transmission of letters. Thismustsoon become general- Similar trea ties have just been signed between France and Spain, and France and Belgium. The old sys tem is growing obsolete. It certainly deserves this fate. What do you think, for instance, of a system which makes it necessary for a citizen of Brussels to send a letter destined to Vienna first to Paris, whence it goes to Vienna by the way of Brussels itself? Which lays a tax'of twenty cents on every letter sent from the bank of the Rhine in France to the opposite bank in Germany ! And here allow me to insist on the necessity of postal treaties between the United States and the countries of continental Europe. We have hundreds of thousands of citizens who have emigrated from Austria, Northern Germany and France. The number will soon be i increased to millions. Each one of these hasleftfriends and relatives in Europe, to whom he is anxious to speak of his new home, his freedom from exactions, from the petty perse cutions of a numerous police, from the fear of being dragged from the bosom of his family to serve in the army. He wishes to tell that he has a farm of his own almost as large as a Ger man duchy, paid for out of the earnings of his industry, and that he has now good meat for himself and his rosy cheeked children to eat. instead of the thin soup and hotch-potch on which he was dieted in the fatherland. At present, it he sends his letter by the steamer, he must pay an advance postage and sub ject his poor correspondent in France or Ger many to a tax equal to the wages of three days’ labor. If he sends by the packet ship, his letter reaches its destination at no certain period, it may be in six weeks, it is oftener between two and three months. The answer comes long alter the original letter has been forgotten. And what is the value of a letter three months old, compared with that of one fresh from the hand of a friend? A letter in a Havre paper from a usually well informed Paris correspon dent, says that the French Government is de sirous of negotiating a postage treaty with the United States. Why not propose at once the reduction of the postage to five cents in Amer ica, five sous in France, on all letters, whether by steamers or packets? This rate could be adopted as permanent. The people would probably not object to it for the next fifty years. A similar treaty might be negotiated with Bel gium, Holland, Northern Germany and Austria, with a rate of postage varying from five to ten cents. Even it we should agree to pay a round sum, it would be a most politic measure in an economic fpoint of view. Our immense and rapidly increasing commerce with Europe would be benefitted by it, and the tide of emi gration of industrious and honest Germans to fill up the wilds between Missouri and the Pa cific, and to reclaim the waste lauds of Geor gia, Virginia and the Carolinas, would swell to grand proportions. The effect on Europe of a more intimate communication with the United States will be ! extremely important in a political view. Every letter of a contented emigrant passes from hand to hand in his native hamlet. It is an es feclive democratic missive. The millions of letters from America that would flow in on Europe, on the conclusion of a good postal treaty,would be powerful auxiliaries in the great cause of progress. 1 had the pleasure of seeing the effect of a single letter on the village of Asnieres, in the interior of France. One of its inhabitants, an enterprising young man, had gone to Illinois, in spite of the warnings of his friends and all the wise heads of the place. Af ter a couple of years a letter from him said that he had become the owner of forty acres ofland, a log cabin, a yoke of oxen, a dozen sheep, a plow and a cart, not to mention a buxom w r ife. This dazzled the poor villagers as much as the Aladdin tales from California do the usually sober citizens of New York. Every one be came a sturdy republican, and most of the families who could muster the means were preparing to go to the land of promise, under the leadership of a Protestant minister. Let Europe have light and she will do well enough. Our government ought not to interfere by force in European affairs, for force never accom plishes progress, but it can spread light, which is precisely the thing wanted. The Austrian Government has just opened to the travelling public another section of the railroad which will connect Vienna ai d the Adriatic towns of Trieste and Venice. In a year from this time the American traveller, landing at Havre, will be able to go by a con tinuous line of railroad to Paris, Amiens. Brus seis, Cologne, Berlin, Vienna, Trieste, and Venice. If the Pope can be brought to reason by a sense of the danger of refusing conces sions, the road will be continued to Rome. The railroad from Paris East to Strasbourg on the Rhine will be completed in less than a year. From Strasbourg the passage by the Rhine and Maine to Frankfort is delightful and easy. From Frankfort to Berlin an excellent railroad is more than half finished. Another is projected straight from Frankfort to Vienna. Now that the Hungarian war touches its close, the Emperor of Russia will probably or der the completion of the railroad from St. Pe tersburg to Moscow. One ol my letters has already called your at tention to the recent exertions of the French to get a footing on the Western coast of Africa, and increase the commerce with the natives. America is doing nothing to secure a trade growing annually more valuable, and falling into the hands of England and France, by means ol treaties with the separate tribes Why could not an arrangement be entered into be tween the three powers, to make all commercial advantages common to England, France and America? A little energy and activity now may save great complications hereafter, and perhaps a highly valuable trade. A valuable invention has been made in Bel gium. It is destined to effect as great a reform in the manufacture of linen cloths as the steam loom has made in that of woolens. It is noth ing less than a steam loom for linen fabrics. All the ingenuity and perseverance of manu facturers have been tested to invent a machine of this kind ; but the fabrics have been uni formly so poor that the machines have been thrown away and manual labor again resorted lo ; The difficulty has been removed by the scientific skill of a Belgian engineer. A model of bis machine, with specimens of the fabrics, has been exposed al the fair at Ghent. The cloths are said to rival in firmness, fineness and smoothness the best of those made by hand. If, on farther trial, it shall be found practicable on a large scale, a revolution will doubtless be ef fected in the linen industry of Belgium, which will have a powerful influence on the political condition of the country, one-half rff the popu lation of Flanders, living in one way or an other, on the profits of that industry. The King of Greece is now actively engaged in reforming the prison system. He has an nounced his views on the subject in a letter to M. Apperl, praising that gentleman for his ef forts against the system of solitary, cellular con finement, and conferring on him the cross of Chevalier of the order of the Saviour An other act has called the Greek King to the no tice of Europe. He has published an invita tion to the patriots of all countries who, by word or deed, assisted the cause of Grecian in dependence, to come to Greece, where an im mense hotel shall be placed, free of charge, at their service. The modest entrance of Turkey into the cir cle of European civilization is worth more than the passing remark which lean make on it here. The recent examinations of her mili tary schools are spoken of as highly creditable to all concerned. Both Turkey and Spain have recently adopted measures for the institu tion of primary schools, but I have been unable to learn precisely what they are. In Hungary the institutions of serfage, of a nobility with legal privileges, the exactions from the peasants, monopolies and inequalities of administration, have all perished under the no ble impulses of the Magyars. It is neither the interest nor, as I believe, the intention tria to revive any of them. A late improvement in the musket will cer tainly meliorate greatly the art ol war. This has been made in Prussia, and the secret is strictly guarded by the Government. Nobody is permitted to examine the work in the manu factories, and the soldiers are forbidden to show their muskets. But these precautions are all useless; the improvement will be cer tainly known and adopted by other countries. Captain Stone, of the American army, now in Sweden, is, I believe, in possession of the se cret. The United States offered to sell to Mexico her flint lock guns; she will soon be able, I hope, to sell her percussion ones. From what I have seen of the new gun, as well as from what I have heard, I can say a few words to satisfy in part the curiosity of our officers and gunmakers. The musket has no lock and is loaded at the stock end of the barrel. The ball is long and cone shaped, rounded at the big end. The barrel is slightly rifled, but the grooves are perfectly straight and not spiral as in the American gun. The ball is consequently thrown a much greater distance, none of the force of the powder being wasted in giving it a useless rotary motion. The com mon charge is one half of that used in the old percussion gun, and is said to carry the ball to its mark nine hundred yards. None of the powder is wasted, the fire being communicated from tne side cf the barrel and not from the breech. This is effected by an ingenious con trivance. Toe part of the cartridge next the ball is filled with an explosive substance similar to that in a percussion cap. This is made to exp cue by the contact of a piece of steel about tie length of an eight-penny nail, which passes rom the outside of the barrel through the car tnde. Ihe gun is called the “ nail firer.” It can be discharged by a common soldier eight times in a minute and need not be taken from the shoulder to be reloaded. The best soldier cannot discharge the percus sion gun more than 3 or 4 times in a minute and in battle an officer cannot count on more than one discharge in that time. Another ad vantage ol the Prussian gun is that the dis tance to which it carries enables a force to fire some twenty-five or thirty times, before an ene my armed with the percussion musket can get within shooting distance. The efficacy of The Prussian troops ,s thus doubled. The Prus sian army might be reduced to half its nresem excent’lh!° ' he « r ? at d “ H S ht everybody esce.nt the monarch and his immediate ad- V letJla, pea £ e lt c o n gress at Paris has excited the ion of all Europe, and is destined to exert powerful influence. Ido not mean to say at a single monarch will disband at once any portion of his troops, or that a single Govern ment will propose an arbitrating congress ; but a proper direction is given to that public senti ment which is rapidly becoming stronger than Kings. From the force of circumstances, the I congress cannot examine the question of stand* : ing armies to the bottom. It cannot say, what I everybody knows, that the standing armies of j the present day are kept by Governments to guard them against their subjects and not against each other. The wars of the seven teenth century were wars of religion ; of the eighteenth of conquest and dynasties, and of the nineteenth they are and will be of monarch* against the people. For this, half the able bodied Prussians between 21 and 40 are under arms, as well as one-third of the Austrians and one-fourth of the Russians. Os the im mense French army, not more than 75,000 have been, in the last year, disposable for for eign service The question of standing armies links itself closely with the question of universal suffrage and government by the moral force of the people. They should all be discussed together, but that is impossible, at present, even in Paris. A few years of peace, which seems to be about to re-establish itself, will give free play to the great forces of a comparatively free press, of railroads, of electric telegraphs, of primary in struction, of administrative reforms, of cheap postage, of the free tribunes of Piedmont, France, Switzerland and England, of a more extended commerce, of frequent intercourse between nations, and last but not least, of the brilliant example of the prosperity of the im mense North American Republic, where an unarmed constable has more moral authority than a battalion of European gendarmes In other words, when the light of publicity can fall on everything, the abuses of standing ar mies will die away. Peace congresses may contribute their mite to this greatobject. The doings of the present one will be known in every hamlet in Austria, in every mountain gorge of Spain, in the desolated towns of un happy Hungary, and even in the wilds of Russia. Kings would do well to take warning by the multiplied signs of the times, and pre pare to rise from their present precarious po sitions to the noble one of elected chief magis trates of free nations. But they will not. A certain infatuation seems ever lo take posses sion of the occupant of a throne. Corrupted by the flattery of courtiers, he thinks himself able to cope with the spirit of the age, and single-handed to roll back the modern world to the dark ages of absolutism. He baltlesstoully against the rising flood of opinion, like a lion overtaken by the swelling of a river. But his courage is spent against destiny. If Kings would only concede with a good grace what they cannot retain, revolutions, which are always disastrous in themselves, might be avoided. But they will not; they prefer the struggle. They would remain like armed bandits resisting at every point the onward march of civilization. They must take the consequences. Sooner or later they must be trodden under foot by society. Civilization does not hasten as men would wish it. but it marches steadily. Let every friend of human ity ** labor and wait.” VV. B. To .the Whigs of Jefferson Comity. When (at the solicitation of some of my friends) I announced myself as a candidate to represent the county of Jefferson in the next Legislature, I, with many others, thought that 1 would be the only Whig candidate. In this particular we were not correct; there is another candidate who is also a Whig. I find that both of us cannot continue in the field, without causing a schism in the party, I find farther more, that the only compromise that can be ef fected, is for me to withdraw from the canvass. Though first announced as a candidate 1 do not hesitate to do it, when I believe I am act ing acting for the welfare of the party. I have no personal ambition to be gratified, when it has to be done at a risk of producing discord in that party that I have for the last twelve years served with untiring zeal. Having for that length of time exerted my feeble abilities in support of the principles of the party, and endeavoring to preserve unanimity of action on your part, I am unwilling now to be the cause of a split. It is perhaps better too that I should decline from tiie fact that my compan ion’s health, (which has been feeble for two years) has much decliued from recent domes tic afllictions. For these reasons I announce to you that lam no longer a candidate. I hope that whomsoever you may choose to re present you, he will do so faithfully and hon estly, as I have no doubt he will. THOS. H. POLLHILL. Louisville, Sept. 19th, 1849. Blackwood’s Magazine, for September, has been laid on our table by J. A. Milled, agent for this city. California Gold. —We have been furnish ed by the officers of the U. S. Branch Mint in this city with the following statement of the amounts of California gold, deposited in that establishment since November last: standard Ounce. Value. 1848— In November 60,402 -Sl,]23*7G 1849 In April 206,453 3,849 93 In June 4,905,747 91,269 71 In July 93,163 1,733 26 In August 4,518,659 84,068 07 T *al 9,784,424 3182,035 73 Os this amount, the sum of $45,000 has been coined in United States coins ; the balance, say $139,035 78, is on hand in the shape of bul lion, in process of preparation for coinage.— Picayune 16t/i inst. Sperial Notices. CLASSICAL & ENGLISH SCHOOL, By James Adams, US* Will be Re-opeued at my residence on Broad-street, near the Lower Market, on the FIRST MONDAY in October next. The best testimonials I can offer of my ability, are 30 years experience in teaching, and the business men taught by me in this city, who are now engaged in merchandize. Prices from $5 to 810 per quarter, according to studies, EVENING SCHOOL to commence Ist of Novem ber next, i .r Book-Keeping and the higher branches of education. A tenement bouse to rent in the rear of my premi ses. 522-tw3* R. C. WHEELER will open a SCHOOL FOR YOUNG LADIES on the First of October, in Mclntosh-street, fourth door north of Broad. s22—tws ALLEN, BALL «fc CO., FACTORS AND COMMISSION MER CHANTS, No. 113 Bay-street, Savannah, Ga» O’Mr. H. F. RUSSELL will make liberal AD VANCES on all Produce consigned to our address from Augusta. Robert A. Allen. James 51. Ball. 522-8 m John V. Tarver. Portrait Painting- W. WILSON, Artist, has returned to Augusta, and will three or four weeks. His rooms are over the Railroad Bank , entrance from Mclntosh street. jy23-tf Dr. Wlstar still Triumphant I [ Nusda, Livingston Co.,N. Y., June 20, 1318. Mr. S. W. Fowle— Dear Sir :— Prom pted by a sense of gratitude for benefits received from the use of WISTAR’S BALSAM OP WILD CHERRY, I submit the following statement : Previous to my taking the Wild Cherry, I had been obliged to give up nay business in consequence of a severe affectio'i of the lungs. In this distressed state, I was ordered to try your remedy for Consumption. I did so, and in the course of a few weeks I was restored to comparative good health , so that I have since been ! able to attend to ordinary business. Indeed, my
