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About Daily chronicle & sentinel. (Augusta, Ga.) 1837-1876 | View Entire Issue (Nov. 16, 1849)
Dailn Cljvonidc & ooitlitcl BY WILLIAM S. JONES. AUGUSTA, GA„ FRIDAY MORNING. NOVE3IBER 16. 1849- VOL XIII -NO 273. Hams, &c. THE CHRONICLE & SENTINEL IS PUBLISHED DAILY, TRI-WEEKLY & WEEKLY• BY WILLIAM S JONES. TERMS: DAILY PAPER. —Morning or Evening Edition Ten Dollars per anauin, payable in advance. TRI-WEEKLY PAPER. —Five Dollars per annum, in advance. WEEKLY PAPER. —(A mammoth sheet) Two Dollars per annum, in advance. TERMS OF ADVERTISING. IN DAILY PAPER, Fifty Cents per square, (twelve lines or less) for the first insertion; Thirty eight Cents (or the next five; and Twenty-Jive Cents for each subsequent insertion ; WEEKLY, Seventy five Cents; SEMI-MONTHLY or MONTHLY, (in either paper) One Dollar; and Rule and Figure Work, One Dollar, ipj* If next to reading matter and leaded, charged as a new advertisement each insertion. Professional or Business Cards , not exceeding six lines, Ten Dollars pe. annum. If over six lines pro rata per line. 13* Communications designed to promote private or individual interests, will be charged as advertise ments. No gratuitous Advertising, under any circum stances, except Marriage and Obituary Notices ; and ihosj, when over six lines , will be charged as Adver tisements. STANDING ADVERTISEMENTS. 1 square, (12 lines,) 1 month, without alteration 86 I “ “ 3 months, “ “ 12 1 “ “6 months, altered quarterly, 18 1 “ “ 12 months, “ “ 25 2 squares, one-half more than the above rates. 3 “ three-fourths more than the above rates. 4 “ double the above rates. 33* next to reading matter and leaded, double uese rates. §3“ Advertisements not marked the number of in sertions be continued and charged by the inser tion. With Merchants, Druggists and others, contracts will be made by the year an reasonable terms, as heretofore. When the bill of any house or firm amounts within six months to SSO or upwards, for other than perma nent advertisements, a discount of 25 percent, will be made, if paid on presentation. tailoring (Sstabliefimt’s. READY-MADE CLOTHING AND DOME STIC DRY GOODS! Quick Sales and small Profits. THE UNDERSIGNED have on hand an extensive stock of READY MADE CLOTHING, AND OF DO MESTIC DRY GOODS, And are constantly receiving fresh supplies, consist ing of COATS, PANTS, VESTS, SHIRTS, UN DERSHIRTS, CRAVATS, DRAWERS, OVER COATS, CLOAKS; in short, everything in that line, and all made up in the very best manner, and in the latest styles. ALSO, A handsome and extensive stock of DOMESTIC and STAPLE DRY GOODS—consisting of Calicoes, Ginghams, Alpacas, Satinets, Tweeds, etc., all ol which they offer at wholesale and retail. 33 Call at the store two doors above Richards & Son’s Book Store, and examine for yourselves. MAYER & BROTHER. David Mayer. Isaac Mayer. 020-1 v FALL AND WINTER GOODS. THE SUBSCRIBER would respect fully inform the public that he has j*e- <v j|B ceived a fresh assortment of Fall and Wim'er \|j# Goods, consisting of » 1 CLOTHS, CASIMERES AND VESTINGS, which he will MAKE TO ORDER in the latest and most fashionable style, and as low as any other establishment in the city. G. W. SHACKELFORD, Opposite the U. S. Hotel, Augusta, N. B.—Terms Cash, with 10 per cent, discount. 024 JOHN BHIDG-ES, MERCHANT TAILOR, No. 5850 Broad-Street, next door below tbe United States Hotel, IS now in receipt of a Splendid variety of 9« Fashionable PALL & WINTER (ML GOODS, suitable for Gentlemens’ Wear, \Tjff viz. : Cloths, Cassimeres, Vestings rmd Trim mings, of all colors and qualities. Also—Shirts and Collars; Net Undershirts and Drawers of Merino, Cotton and Silk; Net Undervests for Ladies; Made Drawers of Canton Flannel and Twilled Jeans; Stocks and Cravats; Gloves; Siaspenders ; &c. WORK, and MPiking and Trim ming in the best manner. 33°If desired, 7 per cent off of reeular terms for Gash. o 3 READY FOR FALL WINTER TRADE. II AM NOW IN r eceipt and will be re ceiving during the set ison, a choice selection of CLOTHS, CASHMERES and VEST INGS, the finest and bestthatcan be bought, which will be made to meas are in a style unsurpassed. I have now on hand a g ood stock of ready MADE GARMENTS, Shirts, r Jrawers. Cravats, Gloves, Suspenders, Collars, & c., all for sale at the lowest Prices. 015 J. a. VAN WINKLE. Clothing Itfade to Order, AS CHEAP AS READY-MADE. WE have now got in a full and complete Stock of CLOTHS, CASSIMERES, -Afl and X ESTINGS, of ail tbe newest patterns, IrN and are prepared to make to order any and „iLL every article of dress in the best manner, at New York prices. AIso—CLOTHING of all descriptions on hand, READY-MADE, which will be sold as low as in any of the Northern cities. HOSIERY, UNDER SHIRTS and DRAWERS, SCARPS, CRAVATS, SUSPENDERS, GLOVES, with every article desirable for dress. °2 WM. O. PR ICE & CO. FOR SAVANNAH I. ... J* The steam-packet THOMAS S. ."iiifw METCALF, Capt. John Holmes, will leave for the above and intermediare places, eve ry WEDNESDAY morning. Returning leave Sa vannah every SATURDAY Evening, at 5 o’clock. For freight or passage, apply to JAMES A. FAWNS, Savannah. JOHN B. GUIEU, A ugusta. Agents of the Steam Boat C o. of Geo. 13* No Way freight received after 4 o’clock on day of departure. a p2 P. B. BURNHAM, WATCH AND CLOCK F.EI’AIRER RESPECTFULLY invites the citizens of El bert county to his establishment. CLOCKS AND WATCHES are carefully examined ; all kinds of Cl ocks and Watches cleaned and repaired, and Jewelry repaired Q o order. %3* Shop on Public Square. jy2s-tJa nl AUGUSTA, OCT. 22, 1849. tILARK, RACKETT CO. have now in y store a full and beautiful assortment of WAI CH ES and JEWELRY, just received from New \ fork and elsewhere, and also their usual supply ol the best quality of Housekeeping Articles, making ' ns uesirable a stock as was ever offered in the mart UH. They invite their friends to call. o2i i Business (Hares. To Professional Men. PROFESSIONAL AND BUSINESS CARDS, net exceeding six lines, will be inserted under this bead at the rale of $lO per annum. Cards exceeding six lines, will be charged prorata per line. 3lttornuo anb Solicitors. JOSHUA HILL, ATTORNEY AT LAW, Madison and Monilcello Georgia. 13’ All business addressed to him at either place for the counties of Morgan and Jasper, and those con tiguous, will rece've prompt attention. n 3 JAMES G. COLLIER, ATTORNEY AT LAW, Augusta Ga. 33* Will practice in the several Courts of the Mid dle Circuit. Office at the corner of Broad and Campbell streets. References —James L. Pettigru, Esq., Charles ton ; Hon. Edward Y, Hill, Lagrange; Wra. T. Gould, Esq , Messrs. A. J. & T. W. Miller, Esqs., and Messrs. Baker & Hart, Augusta. n2-ly JOHN R. STANFORD, ATTORNEY AT LAW, Clarkusville • • Ga. 33” Will practice in the counties of Clarke, Frank lin, Habersham, Lumpkin, Forsyth, Gilmer, Union Murray and Gwinnett, and in the Federal Circuit Court for Georgia. L7y Samuel J. Bailey, | Eleazer Cumming. BAILEY & CUMMING, ATTORNEYS AT LAW, Sanders ville Georgia. 33* WILL practice in all the counties of the Mid dle Circuit. je2 JOHN K. JACKSON, ATTORNEY AT LAW, Augusta, Georgia. 33" Will practice in Richmond, and the neighboring Counties of tbe Middle Circuit. Office next be low Messrs. A. J. & T. W. Miller’s—Up Stairs. References: —Messrs. Mixer & Pitman, Boston ; Messrs. Hoisted & Hrokaw, S. C. Dortic, Blake & Brown, JohnK. Hora, C. O. Halsted, New York; Messrs. W. M. Martin, L. M. & B. W. Force <fe Co., Charleston; Messrs. A. J.&T. W. Miller, Adams & Fargo, VV. E. Jacksi n Co., Augusta. 025- SAMUEL ELBERT KERR, ATTORNEY AT LAW, AUGUSTA, GA., 33* Will practice in the several counties in the Middle Circuit, and will thankfully receive and promptly attend to any business with which he may be entrusted. References. —John Hope, New York; L. M. and B. W. Force &Co., Charleston ; Adams & Far go, Gould, Bulkley & Co., Haviland, Risley & Co., Kerrs &. Hope, Wm. M. D’Autignac, and Win. T. Gould, Esq., Augusta. 33* Until the Ist October he can be found at the office of Wm. T. Gould, Esq. s 5 JASPER N. DORSEY, ATTORNEY AT LAW, DahJonega, Georgia. 33* Will attend to all Professional business entrust ed to him in the Cherokee Circuit, and in Habersham county, of the Western Circuit. References —Messrs. Hays Bowdre, Dr, Wm, H. Turpin, Augusta; Hon. C. Dougherty, Athens. James Law, Gainesville; Smith & Walker, and J; W. Grady, Dahlonega. fe!4 JOHN P. WILDE, ATTORNEY AND COUNSELLOR AT LAW. No. 11, Exchange Place, New Orleans. |3* All collections entrusted to his care, will re ceive prompt attention. d27-ly N. G. & A. G. FOSTER, attorneys at law. 13* The undersigned are still engaged in the prac tice of Law. Office at Madison, Morgan County, Ga. Ail business entrusted to them, will meet with prompt and efficient attention. N. G. FOSTER, fe2B-tf A. G. FOSTER. CHAPLEY 11. STROTHER, ATTORNEY AT LAW 33 1 Practices in the Northern Circuit. All business w.ill receive prompt and efficient attention. 33* Office at Lincolnton, Ga. je2B-tf BOBERT HESTER, ATTORNEY AT LAW, Elbert on Georgia. 33* WILL practice in the counties cf Elbert, Wilkes, Lincoln, Oglethorpe, Madison and Franklin. my22-ly WM. T. TRAMMELL, attorney at law, ROME, Floyd County Georgia. 33* Will also practice in the counties of Paulding, Cass, Cherokee, Gilmer, Murray, Walker, Dade and Chattooga. Refer to Hand, Williams & Co., Thos. Barrett Co., Adams, Hopkins & Co., Gould & Bulkley, Augusta, Ga. felO-wly E. C. SHACKELFORD) attorney at law, LEXINGTON, SA. Reference. —-Hon. A.H.Stephens, Crawfordville, »a. ap23-wly. Linton Stephens, 1 J. L. Bird. STEPHENS & lIRD, attornibs at law, CRAWFORDVILLE, GA. 33*Will practice in all the Counties of the North sin circuit. jy!6-ly* L. C. SIMPSON, attorney at law, ATLANTA GEORGIA. 13* Will promptly attend toall businessentrusted lotus care. f29-ly JOSEPH C. WILKINS, ATTORNEY AT LAW, far* Will practice in all the counties of the Eastern Circuit. OFFICE IN RICEBORO, LIBERTY COUNTY, Georgia. sll-tf ROBERT E. WOODING, ATTORNEY AT LAW, Appling, Georgia. f2B-wly EDWARD H. POTTLE, ATTORNEY AT LAW WARRENTON .. • GEORGIA. References —Messrs. A. J. &■ T. W. Miller, Augusta Ga.; Hon. T. B, King, Glynn county, Ga. ja!2-t Thos. M. Berrien. | J* s - M. Pepper. BERRIEN A PEPPER; ATTORNIBS AT LAW 33* Will continue to practice in the Middle Circuit of Georgia. Their office is in WAYNESBORO, BURKE COUNTY, where one of them will at all times be found. my29-w _ G.PUTNAM, ATTORNEY AT LAW, Warrenton, Georgia. apl3-ly CHARLES P. McCALLA, COMMISSION AND FORWARDING MERCHANT, o 2 APALACHICOLA FLORIDA. ly Business (JlarDs. H. L. Jeffers. J W.S. Cothran JEFFERS, COTHRAN & CO. FACTORS AND COMMISSION MER CHANTS. AUGUSTA, Ga., and HAMBURG, So. Ga. jy2B _____ ALLEN, BALL & CO., FACTORS AND COMMISSION MER CHANTS, No. 119 Bay-street, Savannah, Ga. 33*Mh. H. P. RUSSELL will make liberal AD VANCES on all Produce consigned to our address from Augusta. Robert A. Allen. James iH. Ball. 522-Bm John V. Tarver. W. H. C. MILLS, FACTOR & COMMISSION MERCHANT, Continues business at his old stand, No. 176 Bay-street, Savannah, Georgia. REFERENCES : Messrs. D’Antignac df Evans , Augusta. “ Charles Day t|* Co., Macon. ol E. Padleford tp ('o.. Savannah. iron Januaries. NEESON «fc TILKEY, EAGLE IRON & BRASS FOUNDRY AUGUSTA, GA. Immediately above the lot of the old Planters’ Hotel. 33* Gearing for Factories, Mills, Gins, &c., and other castings, made to order. Also Patterns of every description. All work warranted. Orders from the oouutry will receive prompt attention. ap22 Hotchkiss’ Water-wheels on hand and to order. ©rugs, iUerclianfrise, HAVILAND, RISLEY CO., DEALERS IN CHOICE DRUGS MEDICINES, &C., &C. NEAR THE MANSION HOUSE, GLOBE AND U. S. HOTELS. AUGUSTA. yB-ly t PHILIP A. MOISE, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL |jg Dealer in Choice DRUGS, MEDICINES, PAINTS, OILS, &c., &c., Old stand of Dr. Thomas I. Wray, Augusta. WILLIAM hTtUTT, Wholesale and Retail Druggist t BROAD STREET, AUGUSTA, GEORGIA, g KEEPS constantly on hand, Large supplies of DRUGS, PAINTS, PATENT MEDICINES, <fec. &c. to which the attention of Merchants and Physicians, is invited. They are assured that pri ces will be as low as at any establishment in the Southern country. 33* W. H. T. is Agent for BRISTOL’S SAR SAPARILLA. au7 Job printing b llaljment. Railroad Bank Buildings, Broad-St. JO B PKI NT IN G OF EVERY DESCRIPTION, AND In the Best Style of the Art, PLAIN OR FANCY COLORS, EXECUTED AT THIS OFFICE EMBRACING SUCH AS : Business Cards, Hand Bills, any size. Show Cards, large. Posters, “ “ Receipts, Warehouse, Show Bills, Railroad, Dray, &c. Books, Pamphlets, Bill Heads, Blanks of all kinds, Bank Checks, Notes of Hand, Bonds, Certificates, Labels for Druggists, &c., &c>, Law Blanks always on hand, or executed to order 33* The Proprietors of the Chronicle and Sen tinel assure their friends and the public that ibeir orders for any thing in the Job Printing line wil be executed in the best, manner, and at as low rates as at any other establishment. FURNITURE. CARPETING, ScC. g- ■, -- D. CHAFFEE hasjust received, at his store, on ■- Broad-street, a portion of his • 11 Pall Supplies, consisting of Elegant SOFAS, BU REAUS, CHAIRS, &c., &c,; a splendid variety of CARPETINGS and RUGS, and a rich assortment of WINDOW SHADES, together with every arti cle usually kept in a Furniture store, |3 J Those in want of any article in his line are re quested to call and examine his stock. slB-tf LOOK HERE NEW STORE AND NEW FURNI TURE. J. SILCOX m HAS REMOVED his gr' fiife Stock of F U R N ITU RE, ffigwniwiMjfg Ml CHAIRS, MATRASSES, ; &c., next door to Dr. Turpin’s, immediately opposite his former stand, where he intends keeping a gene ral assortment of Furniture , Chairs, Matrasses, &c ,of his own manufacture. Also, a good assort ment of Northern manufacture, which he will war rant, and at such prices as to make it an inducement to those about purchasing, to give him a call at his NEW FURNITURE STAND. 012-d&w PIANO FORTES TUNED AND RE PAIRED. THE SUBSCRIBERS are happy to inform their friends and the public that they have se cured the services of Mr. P. Rudolphus, an expe rienced Tuner and Repairer of PI ANO FORTES, in whom e ery confidence can be placed, and whose work will be warranted in every respect. Persons wishing their Piano’s tuned in a scientific and skill ful manner will please leave their orders at GEO. A. OATES & CO., Piano, Book and Music Depot n7 Broad street, opposite State Bank. Piano Fortes .Music, Musical In- STRUMENTS, &c. l HENRY PARSONS’S stock of ANO FORTES and Music, are re moved from C. A. Platt’s Furniture Store, to Charles Gatlin’s Jewelry Store, two doors below the United States Hotel, where a good variety ofPI ANO FORTES, made by J. Chickering, Nunn’s & Clark, and A. H. Gale & Co., will always be kept for sale. The reputation of these Instruments is too well known in this market to require any com ment. ALSO, A good assortment of GUITARS, VIOLINS, FLUTES, CLARIONETS, ACCORDIONS and other Musical Instruments. New Music received every week by the Steamers from New York. Orders for PIANO FORTES, MUSIC, &c., will receive prompt and careful atten tion. Piano Fortes tuned and repaired. nI6 CHARLES GATLIN. SUGAR AND BLOWN SALT.—SOO larg sacks of fine SALT ; 25 Hhds. Porto Rico SUGAR ; 25 “ St. Croic “ 50 ,( N. Orleans “ a fine article ; all in store, and for sale low, by Js27 |C.Ai M. H. WILLIAMS. Georgia cured hams, of the best quality, for sale by HAND & FLEMING.! BAGGING AND ROPE— 2OO pieces Ken tucky Bagging, 44 inches, 500 pieces Gunny Bagging, 46 inches ; 100 “ Dundee heavy 44 inches; 200 coils Kentucky Rope, £ inch; 200 “ New York Rope, in store and for sale u 23 BAKER, WILCOX & CO. [ CHRONICLE & SENTINEL. FRIDAY MORNING, NOV. 6, 1849. From Hunt's Merchants ’ Magazine, for Nov . Production and Manufacture of Cotton t With reference to its Manufacture in Cotton Growing States. Our cotton States have all the facilities for manufacturing purposes, except, perhaps, skill. That can be readily obtained, at a cost quite trifling, when compared with that of the impor tation of cotton by the manufacturer of Great Britain. In that country, the manufacture of cotton gives employment to about 1,500,000 persons. Together with the business it creates, it makes up nearly one-half the external trade of the kingdom. More than four fifths of its profits is so much wealth created there, and thrown away by the American people, who, having the raw material, might as well manu facture it at home, as to send it abroad. Ac cording to British statistics, of 592,965,504 lbs. of cotton imported into the kingdom in 1840, the United States furnished four-fifths. Sup pose the quantity imported to have comprised all the cotton raised in the world—Great Britain must have curtailed her business of manufac turing by four-fifths, had we manufactured all our own cotton. The wealth thus created, would then have been added to that of our own country. But there are other cotton growing countries, and there are manufacturing coun tries besides Great Britain; therefore it will be said we would not monopolize the market of the world, and that Great Britain, obtaining supplies from other countries, would still con trol the markets. But that would not be an easy matter. By official estimates, the quan tity of cotton grown in the world, in 1834, was 900,000 000 lbs. Os this, the United States produced 460.000,000 lbs. All other countries, 440,000,000 lbs. Since that period, in the ag gregate, while the culture of cotton has much increased in the United States, there has been very little increase elsewhere. We can pro duce cotton cheaper than any other country ; and, adopting what is generally a poor policy, increasing the product, in order to make up for the decline in market value, it is estimated that the American cron of 1848 reached the amount of 1,000,000,000 lbs. or 100,000,000 lbs. more than the crops of all the w T orld, in 1834. Increasing the consumption for the year 1848, in Great Britain, by 10 per cent over that of 1840, and the quantity will be 652,261,590 lbs. and which will be some 200,000,000 lbs. more than is produced in all the world, the United States excepted. As much of the cotton pro duced is manufactured in other European countries, there would be, were the supply from the United States withheld, a deficit of some three ofcfour hundred millions of pounds, and perhaps more, a large portion of which would be experienced by tbe British manufac turer. To withhold this supply, would en hance the price in Europe; and though our labor costs something more than theirs, our cotton would cost so much less, that no Euro pean manufacturer could successfully compete with us. With all the advantages we possess, the United States should be, emphatically, the cotton manufacturers of the world ; and the cotton growing States should be the great seat of cotton manufactures of the Union. How is all this to be done ? My reply is—manufac ture your own cotton, instead of allowing it to be done by others. If you wish for more la bor and skill, they can readily be procured, to any amount. There is too much produced. True, a great deal too much. Make, then, a proper distribution of labor and skill; produce no more cotton than can be manufactured at home. Cast not yourselves in a foreign mar ket, with a great redundancy of the article, beg ging for purchasers, on the mercy of brokers, speculators, and shavers. As we have seen, the United States supplied to Great Britain, in 1840, four fifths of the cot ton consumed there. Reckoning according to the Encyclopoedia of Commerce, (British,) the increase of British consumption to 1847, was about 15 per cent. Os this, in the former proportion of four-fifths, the United States must have furnished 448,701,846 lbs , worth to the planter about $29,000,000, which amount being swelled by expenses to the amount of $10,174,036, would make the aggregate sum of $39,096,147, as the cost to the British manu facturer. As the best cotton lands yield no more than about 300 lbs. to the acre, the aver age yield does not probably exceed 200 lbs. But allowing 250 lbs. it will require, to produce the above quantity, 1,794,807 acres; which, at a cost of $25 per acre, is worth $44,870,175. Add $97,740,000 as the value of 195,480 hands,t (slaves,) at SSOO each, and other necessary ap pendages, and you have a capital employed of about $150,000,000. To make the estimate high enough for the planter, allow 6 cents per pound for his cotton,and you return him $28,- 000,000 net proceeds. The value of British manufactured cotton, in 1847, was estimated at £40,000,000. At the estimated ratio of increase from 1833 to 1840, which was 33J per cent, the amount in 1848 would have been £42,000,000. The capital invested was $149,600,000. In the ratio of capital, therefore, the planter should have re ceived at least $150,000,000, but he received really less than $30,000,000. Deduct $40,- 000,000 as the cost of cotton to the British manufacturer, and you leave more than $98,- 000,000 as the value added to the cotton, for which the planter receives something less than $30,000,000. Let the planter now take a view of the prin cipal manufacturing States in the Union. He will find the balance against him there, in about the same ratio as in Great Britain; although here labor is higher than in that country. We remark, by the way, it is evident that, did the planter apply labor, skill, and materials, to a business as lucrative as that of the manufacture of cotton, and employ the capital he now does, the product would be worth some $120,000,- 000, instead of $30,000,000, or less, the market value of his cotton. There would be some ad ditional expenses to diminish this difference, of which, more hereafter. Assuming an increase of 25 per cent, in the cotton crop in 1840, the quantity in 1848 wai 998,099,093 lbs,, which, at 6 cents per pound, would return the planter $59,285,945 58 on his capital of $300,000,000. in lands, negroes, &c. In the five following States; Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut, 57,000 operatives, with a capital of $42 000,000, produced, in 1839, cotton fab rics estimated in value at $40,918,143. From this, deduct $13,639,381 for materials, &c. in cluding cotton, and we leave $27,278,762 as the net proceeds oflabor performed by 57,000 operatives ; but little less than the southern planters received for their entire crop of cotton in 1839; and in the productionof which he em ployed a capital of $150,000,000. The differ ence in the interest per annum, on these two capitals, is $6,420,000; a very desirable item to the credit of the New England manufac turer. Ten of the best plantations would not pro duce more than 1,800,000 lbs. of cotton. One mill, of 10,000 spindles, would work the whole into cloth No. 15, in the year. These planta- tions, including slaves. «sec., would be worth at least $738,000. The mill, with a working cap ital of $50,000, would be worth, capital and all, $250,000. The cotton, at 6 cents per lb., would be worth SIOB,OOO. The cloth, 4,500,- 000 yards, at 7£ cents, (yard wide) would be worth $337,500. Deduct from the amount paid the planter for cotton, wages of overseers, interest of money, &c., say $28,000, and you leave him SBO,OOO. Deduct from the above market value of cloth, the cost of cotton, steam power, labor, &c., $247,000, including inter est on capital, and you leave the manufacturer a clear balance of $90,500. It is evident, then, that a man owning such a cotton mill, would , suffer a very considerable loss, by exchanging *it for cotton plantations, negroes, &c. norai nally worth three times as much. The value of all productive property is in the ratio of its productiveness, independent of its actual cost. Hence, the mill, with its working capital, at an outlay of $250,000, is about as valuable to its owner, as cotton lands, fixtures, negroes, &c. would be which cost a million. The cotton spinning jenny of Hargreaves was brought into use between the years 1767, and 1769, and was followed by the spinning frame of Arkwright. Previously, not a pound of cotton had been spun by any machinery but the common hand wheel. Great Britain pos sessed neither skill nor labor tramed to the busi ness, nor men skilled in the fabrication of the requisite machinery; and the raw cotton was a scarce and dear article. But, with the ener gy, perseverance, and ingenuity, so character istic of the race, attempting everything from which others turn in despair, British enterprise put its hand to the work, and all obstacles van ished. In the course of four years, the busi ness now creating such an astonishing amount of wealth, and clothing and leeding millions, was in successful operation ; and in little more than twenty years, the celebrated Slater, the father of our cotton manufactures, had estab lished the business in Rhode Island. From that early day, we have seen no want of manu facturing skill and labor. In fact, open a pro ductive field, and labor and skill will always be at hand to cultivate it. Should the number of mills in the United States be doubled in twelve months, probably no one would be compelled to suspend operations for a day, because of a deficiency of labor and skill. Without calling for aid from Europe, a supply may at all times be found in New England, to manage tbe affairs , of the cotton mill; and there are thousands of persons at the South who would gladly accept such employment, to earn a comfortable liveli hood. Experience has proved this true to the letter. Economy dictates, all other things being equal, in order to make the most valuable re turn, to work all raw materials, especially those of a bulky character, on the spot where they are found. There may be some exceptions to this rule, but cotton is not one of them. Labor and skill will, tike all other commodities, seek the best market. In a comparatively short time, hundreds of factories might be erected at the South, and fully supplied with operatives and managers, and which, even were these to be imported from Europe at the manufacturer’s expense, would be the source of gain to him. The expense accruing in transitu, on 1,800,000 lbs. of cotton, delivered at the Northern mill, is about SIB,OOO. To import 275 operatives from Europe, would cost $13,750. These . would be sufficient for the mill. This item, when compared with the expenses of the trans portation of the cotton, would make a saving of $4,250; and as but one such importation, if even that, would be required, there would afterward be saved annually the entire amount of SIB,OOO to the planter, by the manufacture of his own cotton. Again : interest on the planter’s capital, $43,000, together with 600 hands, and 300 horses and mules, necessary lo the production of 1,800,000 lbs. of cotton, would complete and operate three mills to man ufacture the cotton, returning a gross income of many thousand dollars per annum more than is realized from its culture. Considering the more rapid increase of wealth in manufacturing, than in the cotton growing States, there must be an adequate cause. That cause will be sought for in vain, except in the greater productiveness of the manufacture of cotton, than of its culture. In confirmation of this statement, see what is said relative to a mill of 10,000 spindles, referred to below. The results were realized last year, one of the worst for manufacturers ever known in this country, since the first introduction of the busi ness. The account stands as follows; Cotton, (1,800,000 lbs.) at 7 cents, $126,000 Cost of steam-power 4,500 “ carding 13,266 “ spinning 14,734 “ dressing and starch 9,306 “ weaving, including all expenses- •• • 26,598 “ repairs, wear and tear, machinists, &c. 17.002 “ general expenses, officers’ salaries, transportation, &c. 20,642 “ on capital of 8250,000 15,000 Making a total of- 8237,048 Against this total cost, we have 4,500,000 yards of cloth (No. 14) sheeting, worth then, 71 cents per yard 8326,250 From this amount, deduct cost as above -• • • 237,048 And we find a balance of 889,202 in favor of manufacturing. Os the other mill alluded to, the account is similar. This is the gross profit of the manufacturer, on 1,800,000 lbs. of cotton. The planter who produced the cotton, received SIOB,OOO for it, at 6 cents per pound, only SIB,BBB more than the profits on its manufacture ; and yet, from that sum he had to pay the entire cost «f production, to gether with all incidental expenses, to say no-* thing of the interest on his capital. Such facts should fix his attention, and induce him to be* come the manufacturer, at least to some extent, of the product of his field, Instead of this, he extends his agricultural operations, and in creases his product from year to year, when he already produces 100 much. In 1839, New England had inoperation 1,590,- 140 cotton spindles, Allowing an increase of 20 per cent, there are now not less than 2,000,- 000. Assuming that in 1810, when the business had become important, there were 50,000 spindles in operation, the average number for the term of 40 years, up to 1849, would be a bout 900,000. Distribute these in 90 mills, of 10,000 spindles each, and each mill creating wealth by adding to the value of materials, at the rate of $ 100,000 per annum, and we shall have $360,000,000 added to the wealth of New England in 40 years; by the combined operation of labor, skill, and materials aided by capital and credit. It is presumed that the actual re sult has been fully equal to this estimate. But the South can do if so disposed, a great deal more iu 40 years to come, than New England has done in 40 years past. Nothing is wanting but enterprize. Alleged deficiency of capital is ao sufficent apology. New England did not hesitate on that account. She saw an opportu nity to enrich herself, and improved it. A lu crative business will always command capital, and create more. Planters, with property of the value of half a million of dollars, would readily command an available capital of one half that amount, to invest in a business known to yield a net profit 0f25 per cent or more, and which would be certain to return an increase | of wealth of more than 100 per cent to thecorn munity, in the space of two years ; and espe cially when known, as it is by practical experi- I ence, that it would enhance the value of pro perty at least one hundred per cent. * * » # » In a political point of view manufactures are important to the South. By their aid the North increases, and will continue to increase, in population, tar beyond the increase at the South as long as the South refuses to follow the ex ample of the North. The difficulty increases, when we reflect that at least 331-3 per cent of the increase of the southern population, is *- mong the slaves. Os course, the increase of representation in the councils of the nation is in favor of the North, and so must continue, till the South shall cancel the diflference in the only practicable way, the extensive prosecution of various branchesof manufactures, among which that of cotton, as the most important to South ern interests, must lake the lead. The South can never compete with the North while she persists in her impolitic course ofsendingabroad lor every manufactured article she may want, from a yard of shirting to a cargo of ready made clothing—from a penny jewsharp, to a steam engine. To manufacture almost any material, is more profitable to individuals and the com munity than to produce it, and this is especially true ofcotton. Manufacturing business, there fore, affords the best pay for labor. Labor seeks the best market Hence, manufacturing districts increase in population much more rap idly than others. The manufacturing business, then in its in fancy in our country, received a severe shock from the termination of the war of 1812. But, in 1820, it had rallied again ; and then the pop ulation of Massachusetts was 523,287. During the next succeeding ten years the business of cotton manufactures made a somewhat rapid progress, though it met with serious revulsions in 1828 and 1829. In 1830 the population of Massachusetts was 610,408 —showing an in crease of about 14 per cent. But the business continued to be extended, notwithstanding the disastrous crisis of 1836 and 1837 ; and in 1840 the population numbered 737,699, showing an increase of 21 per cent. The increase in the population of Rhode Island,from 1820 to 1830, was in about the same ratio of that of Massa chusetts. From the latter period it has been somewhat less, owing to the facts that in Rhode Island the water power has been almost entire ly appropriated, and that little has been done by steam power ; whereas Massachusetts, with all her numerous manufactories has almost any extent of water power still unoccupied. Mas sachusetts also presents a much larger and better field for agriculture than Rhode Island, in the ratio of the areas of the two States ; and the manufactories have so strong a tendency to enhance the value of agricultural products, that this alone helps very much to swell the mass of population. In fact, every interest in the State is promoted by it. Manufactories very much enhance the demand for the pro ducts of every branch of mechanical, as well as j agricultural industry, and which, therefore, o bear remunerating prices. Thus manufactures f furnish employment, increase the wealth of nj communities, aad encourage, and in great \ a measure pay for, public iraj#ovements, and }J ( prevent the evils of extreme poverty, by fur- i nishingthe poor with the means of procuring the neccessaries of life by their own industrial efforts. Most certainly all these benefits are well worthy of attention. The South produces cotton in abundance. She need but say the word, and labor and skill will offer themselves to convert it into cloth on the spot, as readily as ships do to transport it to other regions. One of the objections urged against the loca tion ofcotton manufactories in the south, is the deficiency of water power. Suppose you have no motive power— make it. You have plenty of means. In many Southern places, steam has been long and extensively used as the driving power for saw mills, and those who use it would hardly accept water power as a gift Still longer, and more extensively, the British manufacturer has used steam-power, to work up the cotton of the American planter, carried near four thousand miles to find a mar ket. And his steam has cost him twice a» much as it would cost any Southern State. In the interior of New England, with our high prices for coal and wood, the manu- v m facturer might hesitate to adopt steam-power, before the modern improvements had reduced the quantity of fuel required, more than 50 per cent. But even in New England many mills are now driven by steam, at as great pro fit, to say the least, as water mills. The two mills already referred to. are driven by steam. The coal used in them costs $5 per ton—equivalent to about $6 per cord for wood. One of these mills makes cloth No. 30, averaging about one yard wide, 3| yards to the pound; and the cost of steam for the pur pose is but 1£ mills per yard, The other mill makes cloth (No. 14) sheeting 2 70-100 yards to the pound; and the cost o&tteam is but a fraction more than 2 mills These cloths command ready sales in market, at prices so much higher than those manufactured by water-power, of similar fineness, that the difference will twice pay the entire cost of the steam-power to manufacture them. Machine ry can be driven by steam with a more uniform motion than by water. The cloth, therefore, is of a more uniform texture. By the use of steam, also, the humidity and temperature of the atmosphere in the mill can be so regulated as to give to the goods a more smooth and even surface, and a more beautiful finish. During the past year these two mills have made more money, in proportion to their num ber of spindles, than any two in the North driven by water. The cost of steam-power varies with the coat of fuel. Water power is diminished in value, in proportion as it is taxed with cost of transportation. In fact, it would be much better to pay for steam-power contig uous to navigable waters, than to have water power gratis, if taxed with twenty miles of land transportation. In the cotton growing States, the cost of wood to generate steam pow er would not be one-tenth part as rauchasthatof coal in New England. Why, then, should not the South, even if entirely destitute of water power, manufacture at least a considerable portion of the cotton grown in her own fields t The bare saving in the transportation of cotton goods to a distant market, commissions, fuel, &c. compared with the cost to the New Eng land manufacturer, would twice cover the cost of steam-power at the South, including steam engine, repairs, fuel, engineer, and allineident 1 expenses. There are many things in favor of steam power, compared with water-power You can have steam where you please; and you can have much or little. However inconvenient, you must lake the water where it is; and, sometimes, have much more than you want, and at other times, not near as much as you want —perhaps none at all. With steam-power yon may go into a city, town, or village, where dwellings for operatives, and other requisites, are at hand; and thus avoid a heavy outlay for them. With water-power you will have a vil lage to build, and roads to make, and dams, race-ways, flumes, wheels, and wheel-pits, to construct, and heavy foundations to lay, before |3r See LAST PAGE for continuation .
