Dailn Cljvonidc & ooitlitcl
BY WILLIAM S. JONES. AUGUSTA, GA„ FRIDAY MORNING. NOVE3IBER 16. 1849- VOL XIII -NO 273.
Hams, &c.
THE
CHRONICLE & SENTINEL
IS PUBLISHED
DAILY, TRI-WEEKLY & WEEKLY•
BY WILLIAM S JONES.
TERMS:
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TERMS OF ADVERTISING.
IN DAILY PAPER, Fifty Cents per square,
(twelve lines or less) for the first insertion; Thirty
eight Cents (or the next five; and Twenty-Jive Cents
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five Cents; SEMI-MONTHLY or MONTHLY, (in
either paper) One Dollar; and Rule and Figure
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and leaded, charged as a new advertisement each
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Professional or Business Cards , not exceeding
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13* Communications designed to promote private
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ments.
No gratuitous Advertising, under any circum
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ihosj, when over six lines , will be charged as Adver
tisements.
STANDING ADVERTISEMENTS.
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tion.
With Merchants, Druggists and others, contracts
will be made by the year an reasonable terms, as
heretofore.
When the bill of any house or firm amounts within
six months to SSO or upwards, for other than perma
nent advertisements, a discount of 25 percent, will
be made, if paid on presentation.
tailoring (Sstabliefimt’s.
READY-MADE CLOTHING
AND DOME STIC DRY GOODS!
Quick Sales and small Profits.
THE UNDERSIGNED have on hand an
extensive stock of
READY MADE CLOTHING, AND OF DO
MESTIC DRY GOODS,
And are constantly receiving fresh supplies, consist
ing of COATS, PANTS, VESTS, SHIRTS, UN
DERSHIRTS, CRAVATS, DRAWERS, OVER
COATS, CLOAKS; in short, everything in that
line, and all made up in the very best manner, and
in the latest styles.
ALSO,
A handsome and extensive stock of DOMESTIC and
STAPLE DRY GOODS—consisting of Calicoes,
Ginghams, Alpacas, Satinets, Tweeds, etc., all ol
which they offer at wholesale and retail.
33 Call at the store two doors above Richards &
Son’s Book Store, and examine for yourselves.
MAYER & BROTHER.
David Mayer.
Isaac Mayer. 020-1 v
FALL AND WINTER GOODS.
THE SUBSCRIBER would respect
fully inform the public that he has j*e- <v j|B
ceived a fresh assortment of Fall and Wim'er \|j#
Goods, consisting of » 1
CLOTHS, CASIMERES AND VESTINGS,
which he will MAKE TO ORDER in the latest
and most fashionable style, and as low as any other
establishment in the city.
G. W. SHACKELFORD,
Opposite the U. S. Hotel, Augusta,
N. B.—Terms Cash, with 10 per cent, discount.
024
JOHN BHIDG-ES,
MERCHANT TAILOR,
No. 5850 Broad-Street, next door below
tbe United States Hotel,
IS now in receipt of a Splendid variety of 9«
Fashionable PALL & WINTER (ML
GOODS, suitable for Gentlemens’ Wear, \Tjff
viz. : Cloths, Cassimeres, Vestings rmd Trim
mings, of all colors and qualities. Also—Shirts and
Collars; Net Undershirts and Drawers of Merino,
Cotton and Silk; Net Undervests for Ladies; Made
Drawers of Canton Flannel and Twilled Jeans;
Stocks and Cravats; Gloves; Siaspenders ; &c.
WORK, and MPiking and Trim
ming in the best manner.
33°If desired, 7 per cent off of reeular terms for
Gash. o 3
READY FOR FALL WINTER
TRADE.
II AM NOW IN r eceipt and will be re
ceiving during the set ison, a choice selection
of CLOTHS, CASHMERES and VEST
INGS, the finest and bestthatcan be bought,
which will be made to meas are in a style unsurpassed.
I have now on hand a g ood stock of ready MADE
GARMENTS, Shirts, r Jrawers. Cravats, Gloves,
Suspenders, Collars, & c., all for sale at the lowest
Prices. 015 J. a. VAN WINKLE.
Clothing Itfade to Order,
AS CHEAP AS READY-MADE.
WE have now got in a full and complete
Stock of CLOTHS, CASSIMERES, -Afl
and X ESTINGS, of ail tbe newest patterns, IrN
and are prepared to make to order any and „iLL
every article of dress in the best manner, at New
York prices.
AIso—CLOTHING of all descriptions on hand,
READY-MADE, which will be sold as low as in any
of the Northern cities.
HOSIERY, UNDER SHIRTS and DRAWERS,
SCARPS, CRAVATS, SUSPENDERS, GLOVES,
with every article desirable for dress.
°2 WM. O. PR ICE & CO.
FOR SAVANNAH I.
... J* The steam-packet THOMAS S.
."iiifw METCALF, Capt. John Holmes,
will leave for the above and intermediare places, eve
ry WEDNESDAY morning. Returning leave Sa
vannah every SATURDAY Evening, at 5 o’clock.
For freight or passage, apply to
JAMES A. FAWNS, Savannah.
JOHN B. GUIEU, A ugusta.
Agents of the Steam Boat C o. of Geo.
13* No Way freight received after 4 o’clock on
day of departure. a p2
P. B. BURNHAM,
WATCH AND CLOCK F.EI’AIRER
RESPECTFULLY invites the citizens of El
bert county to his establishment.
CLOCKS AND WATCHES
are carefully examined ; all kinds of Cl ocks and
Watches cleaned and repaired, and Jewelry repaired
Q o order.
%3* Shop on Public Square. jy2s-tJa nl
AUGUSTA, OCT. 22, 1849.
tILARK, RACKETT CO. have now in
y store a full and beautiful assortment of WAI CH
ES and JEWELRY, just received from New \ fork
and elsewhere, and also their usual supply ol the
best quality of Housekeeping Articles, making ' ns
uesirable a stock as was ever offered in the mart UH.
They invite their friends to call. o2i i
Business (Hares.
To Professional Men.
PROFESSIONAL AND BUSINESS CARDS, net
exceeding six lines, will be inserted under this bead
at the rale of $lO per annum. Cards exceeding six
lines, will be charged prorata per line.
3lttornuo anb Solicitors.
JOSHUA HILL,
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
Madison and Monilcello Georgia.
13’ All business addressed to him at either place for
the counties of Morgan and Jasper, and those con
tiguous, will rece've prompt attention. n 3
JAMES G. COLLIER,
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
Augusta Ga.
33* Will practice in the several Courts of the Mid
dle Circuit. Office at the corner of Broad and
Campbell streets.
References —James L. Pettigru, Esq., Charles
ton ; Hon. Edward Y, Hill, Lagrange; Wra. T.
Gould, Esq , Messrs. A. J. & T. W. Miller, Esqs.,
and Messrs. Baker & Hart, Augusta. n2-ly
JOHN R. STANFORD,
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
Clarkusville • • Ga.
33” Will practice in the counties of Clarke, Frank
lin, Habersham, Lumpkin, Forsyth, Gilmer, Union
Murray and Gwinnett, and in the Federal Circuit
Court for Georgia. L7y
Samuel J. Bailey, | Eleazer Cumming.
BAILEY & CUMMING,
ATTORNEYS AT LAW,
Sanders ville Georgia.
33* WILL practice in all the counties of the Mid
dle Circuit. je2
JOHN K. JACKSON,
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
Augusta, Georgia.
33" Will practice in Richmond, and the neighboring
Counties of tbe Middle Circuit. Office next be
low Messrs. A. J. & T. W. Miller’s—Up Stairs.
References: —Messrs. Mixer & Pitman, Boston ;
Messrs. Hoisted & Hrokaw, S. C. Dortic, Blake &
Brown, JohnK. Hora, C. O. Halsted, New York;
Messrs. W. M. Martin, L. M. & B. W. Force <fe Co.,
Charleston; Messrs. A. J.&T. W. Miller, Adams
& Fargo, VV. E. Jacksi n Co., Augusta. 025-
SAMUEL ELBERT KERR,
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
AUGUSTA, GA.,
33* Will practice in the several counties in the
Middle Circuit, and will thankfully receive and
promptly attend to any business with which he may
be entrusted.
References. —John Hope, New York; L. M.
and B. W. Force &Co., Charleston ; Adams & Far
go, Gould, Bulkley & Co., Haviland, Risley & Co.,
Kerrs &. Hope, Wm. M. D’Autignac, and Win. T.
Gould, Esq., Augusta.
33* Until the Ist October he can be found at the
office of Wm. T. Gould, Esq. s 5
JASPER N. DORSEY,
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
DahJonega, Georgia.
33* Will attend to all Professional business entrust
ed to him in the Cherokee Circuit, and in Habersham
county, of the Western Circuit.
References —Messrs. Hays Bowdre, Dr, Wm,
H. Turpin, Augusta; Hon. C. Dougherty, Athens.
James Law, Gainesville; Smith & Walker, and J;
W. Grady, Dahlonega. fe!4
JOHN P. WILDE,
ATTORNEY AND COUNSELLOR AT
LAW.
No. 11, Exchange Place, New Orleans.
|3* All collections entrusted to his care, will re
ceive prompt attention. d27-ly
N. G. & A. G. FOSTER,
attorneys at law.
13* The undersigned are still engaged in the prac
tice of Law.
Office at Madison, Morgan County, Ga.
Ail business entrusted to them, will meet with prompt
and efficient attention. N. G. FOSTER,
fe2B-tf A. G. FOSTER.
CHAPLEY 11. STROTHER,
ATTORNEY AT LAW
33 1 Practices in the Northern Circuit. All business
w.ill receive prompt and efficient attention.
33* Office at Lincolnton, Ga. je2B-tf
BOBERT HESTER,
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
Elbert on Georgia.
33* WILL practice in the counties cf Elbert,
Wilkes, Lincoln, Oglethorpe, Madison and Franklin.
my22-ly
WM. T. TRAMMELL,
attorney at law,
ROME,
Floyd County Georgia.
33* Will also practice in the counties of Paulding,
Cass, Cherokee, Gilmer, Murray, Walker, Dade and
Chattooga. Refer to Hand, Williams & Co., Thos.
Barrett Co., Adams, Hopkins & Co., Gould &
Bulkley, Augusta, Ga. felO-wly
E. C. SHACKELFORD)
attorney at law,
LEXINGTON, SA.
Reference. —-Hon. A.H.Stephens, Crawfordville,
»a. ap23-wly.
Linton Stephens, 1 J. L. Bird.
STEPHENS & lIRD,
attornibs at law,
CRAWFORDVILLE, GA.
33*Will practice in all the Counties of the North
sin circuit. jy!6-ly*
L. C. SIMPSON,
attorney at law,
ATLANTA GEORGIA.
13* Will promptly attend toall businessentrusted
lotus care. f29-ly
JOSEPH C. WILKINS,
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
far* Will practice in all the counties of the Eastern
Circuit.
OFFICE IN RICEBORO, LIBERTY COUNTY,
Georgia. sll-tf
ROBERT E. WOODING,
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
Appling, Georgia. f2B-wly
EDWARD H. POTTLE,
ATTORNEY AT LAW
WARRENTON .. • GEORGIA.
References —Messrs. A. J. &■ T. W. Miller, Augusta
Ga.; Hon. T. B, King, Glynn county, Ga. ja!2-t
Thos. M. Berrien. | J* s - M. Pepper.
BERRIEN A PEPPER;
ATTORNIBS AT LAW
33* Will continue to practice in the Middle Circuit
of Georgia. Their office is in WAYNESBORO,
BURKE COUNTY, where one of them will at all
times be found. my29-w
_ G.PUTNAM,
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
Warrenton, Georgia. apl3-ly
CHARLES P. McCALLA,
COMMISSION AND FORWARDING
MERCHANT,
o 2 APALACHICOLA FLORIDA. ly
Business (JlarDs.
H. L. Jeffers. J W.S. Cothran
JEFFERS, COTHRAN & CO.
FACTORS AND COMMISSION MER
CHANTS.
AUGUSTA, Ga., and HAMBURG, So. Ga.
jy2B _____
ALLEN, BALL & CO.,
FACTORS AND COMMISSION MER
CHANTS,
No. 119 Bay-street, Savannah, Ga.
33*Mh. H. P. RUSSELL will make liberal AD
VANCES on all Produce consigned to our address
from Augusta.
Robert A. Allen.
James iH. Ball.
522-Bm John V. Tarver.
W. H. C. MILLS,
FACTOR & COMMISSION MERCHANT,
Continues business at his old stand,
No. 176 Bay-street, Savannah, Georgia.
REFERENCES :
Messrs. D’Antignac df Evans , Augusta.
“ Charles Day t|* Co., Macon.
ol E. Padleford tp ('o.. Savannah.
iron Januaries.
NEESON «fc TILKEY,
EAGLE IRON & BRASS FOUNDRY
AUGUSTA, GA.
Immediately above the lot of the old Planters’ Hotel.
33* Gearing for Factories, Mills, Gins, &c., and
other castings, made to order. Also Patterns of every
description. All work warranted. Orders from the
oouutry will receive prompt attention. ap22
Hotchkiss’ Water-wheels on hand and to order.
©rugs, iUerclianfrise,
HAVILAND, RISLEY CO.,
DEALERS IN CHOICE DRUGS
MEDICINES, &C., &C.
NEAR THE MANSION HOUSE, GLOBE AND
U. S. HOTELS. AUGUSTA. yB-ly
t PHILIP A. MOISE,
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL |jg
Dealer in Choice
DRUGS, MEDICINES, PAINTS, OILS, &c., &c.,
Old stand of Dr. Thomas I. Wray, Augusta.
WILLIAM hTtUTT,
Wholesale and Retail Druggist
t BROAD STREET,
AUGUSTA, GEORGIA, g
KEEPS constantly on hand, Large supplies of
DRUGS, PAINTS, PATENT MEDICINES,
<fec. &c. to which the attention of Merchants and
Physicians, is invited. They are assured that pri
ces will be as low as at any establishment in the
Southern country.
33* W. H. T. is Agent for BRISTOL’S SAR
SAPARILLA. au7
Job printing b llaljment.
Railroad Bank Buildings, Broad-St.
JO B PKI NT IN G
OF EVERY DESCRIPTION, AND
In the Best Style of the Art,
PLAIN OR FANCY COLORS, EXECUTED AT THIS
OFFICE EMBRACING SUCH AS :
Business Cards, Hand Bills, any size.
Show Cards, large. Posters, “ “
Receipts, Warehouse, Show Bills,
Railroad, Dray, &c. Books, Pamphlets,
Bill Heads, Blanks of all kinds,
Bank Checks, Notes of Hand,
Bonds, Certificates, Labels for Druggists,
&c., &c>,
Law Blanks always on hand, or executed to order
33* The Proprietors of the Chronicle and Sen
tinel assure their friends and the public that ibeir
orders for any thing in the Job Printing line wil
be executed in the best, manner, and at as low rates
as at any other establishment.
FURNITURE. CARPETING, ScC.
g- ■, -- D. CHAFFEE hasjust
received, at his store, on
■- Broad-street, a portion of his • 11
Pall Supplies, consisting of Elegant SOFAS, BU
REAUS, CHAIRS, &c., &c,; a splendid variety of
CARPETINGS and RUGS, and a rich assortment
of WINDOW SHADES, together with every arti
cle usually kept in a Furniture store,
|3 J Those in want of any article in his line are re
quested to call and examine his stock. slB-tf
LOOK HERE
NEW STORE AND NEW FURNI
TURE.
J. SILCOX
m HAS REMOVED his gr'
fiife Stock of F U R N ITU RE, ffigwniwiMjfg
Ml CHAIRS, MATRASSES, ;
&c., next door to Dr. Turpin’s, immediately opposite
his former stand, where he intends keeping a gene
ral assortment of Furniture , Chairs, Matrasses,
&c ,of his own manufacture. Also, a good assort
ment of Northern manufacture, which he will war
rant, and at such prices as to make it an inducement
to those about purchasing, to give him a call at his
NEW FURNITURE STAND. 012-d&w
PIANO FORTES TUNED AND RE
PAIRED.
THE SUBSCRIBERS are happy to inform
their friends and the public that they have se
cured the services of Mr. P. Rudolphus, an expe
rienced Tuner and Repairer of PI ANO FORTES,
in whom e ery confidence can be placed, and whose
work will be warranted in every respect. Persons
wishing their Piano’s tuned in a scientific and skill
ful manner will please leave their orders at
GEO. A. OATES & CO.,
Piano, Book and Music Depot
n7 Broad street, opposite State Bank.
Piano Fortes .Music, Musical In-
STRUMENTS, &c.
l HENRY PARSONS’S stock of
ANO FORTES and Music, are re
moved from C. A. Platt’s Furniture
Store, to Charles Gatlin’s Jewelry Store, two doors
below the United States Hotel, where a good variety
ofPI ANO FORTES, made by J. Chickering, Nunn’s
& Clark, and A. H. Gale & Co., will always be
kept for sale. The reputation of these Instruments is
too well known in this market to require any com
ment.
ALSO,
A good assortment of GUITARS, VIOLINS,
FLUTES, CLARIONETS, ACCORDIONS and
other Musical Instruments.
New Music received every week by the Steamers
from New York. Orders for PIANO FORTES,
MUSIC, &c., will receive prompt and careful atten
tion. Piano Fortes tuned and repaired.
nI6 CHARLES GATLIN.
SUGAR AND BLOWN SALT.—SOO larg
sacks of fine SALT ;
25 Hhds. Porto Rico SUGAR ;
25 “ St. Croic “
50 ,( N. Orleans “ a fine article ;
all in store, and for sale low, by
Js27 |C.Ai M. H. WILLIAMS.
Georgia cured hams, of the best
quality, for sale by
HAND & FLEMING.!
BAGGING AND ROPE— 2OO pieces Ken
tucky Bagging, 44 inches,
500 pieces Gunny Bagging, 46 inches ;
100 “ Dundee heavy 44 inches;
200 coils Kentucky Rope, £ inch;
200 “ New York Rope, in store and for sale
u 23 BAKER, WILCOX & CO.
[ CHRONICLE & SENTINEL.
FRIDAY MORNING, NOV. 6, 1849.
From Hunt's Merchants ’ Magazine, for Nov .
Production and Manufacture of Cotton t
With reference to its Manufacture in Cotton
Growing States.
Our cotton States have all the facilities for
manufacturing purposes, except, perhaps, skill.
That can be readily obtained, at a cost quite
trifling, when compared with that of the impor
tation of cotton by the manufacturer of Great
Britain. In that country, the manufacture of
cotton gives employment to about 1,500,000
persons. Together with the business it creates,
it makes up nearly one-half the external trade
of the kingdom. More than four fifths of its
profits is so much wealth created there, and
thrown away by the American people, who,
having the raw material, might as well manu
facture it at home, as to send it abroad. Ac
cording to British statistics, of 592,965,504 lbs.
of cotton imported into the kingdom in 1840,
the United States furnished four-fifths. Sup
pose the quantity imported to have comprised
all the cotton raised in the world—Great Britain
must have curtailed her business of manufac
turing by four-fifths, had we manufactured all
our own cotton. The wealth thus created,
would then have been added to that of our own
country. But there are other cotton growing
countries, and there are manufacturing coun
tries besides Great Britain; therefore it will be
said we would not monopolize the market of
the world, and that Great Britain, obtaining
supplies from other countries, would still con
trol the markets. But that would not be an
easy matter. By official estimates, the quan
tity of cotton grown in the world, in 1834, was
900,000 000 lbs. Os this, the United States
produced 460.000,000 lbs. All other countries,
440,000,000 lbs. Since that period, in the ag
gregate, while the culture of cotton has much
increased in the United States, there has been
very little increase elsewhere. We can pro
duce cotton cheaper than any other country ;
and, adopting what is generally a poor policy,
increasing the product, in order to make up
for the decline in market value, it is estimated
that the American cron of 1848 reached the
amount of 1,000,000,000 lbs. or 100,000,000 lbs.
more than the crops of all the w T orld, in 1834.
Increasing the consumption for the year 1848,
in Great Britain, by 10 per cent over that of
1840, and the quantity will be 652,261,590 lbs.
and which will be some 200,000,000 lbs. more
than is produced in all the world, the United
States excepted. As much of the cotton pro
duced is manufactured in other European
countries, there would be, were the supply
from the United States withheld, a deficit of
some three ofcfour hundred millions of pounds,
and perhaps more, a large portion of which
would be experienced by tbe British manufac
turer. To withhold this supply, would en
hance the price in Europe; and though our
labor costs something more than theirs, our
cotton would cost so much less, that no Euro
pean manufacturer could successfully compete
with us. With all the advantages we possess,
the United States should be, emphatically, the
cotton manufacturers of the world ; and the
cotton growing States should be the great seat
of cotton manufactures of the Union. How is
all this to be done ? My reply is—manufac
ture your own cotton, instead of allowing it to
be done by others. If you wish for more la
bor and skill, they can readily be procured, to
any amount. There is too much produced.
True, a great deal too much. Make, then, a
proper distribution of labor and skill; produce
no more cotton than can be manufactured at
home. Cast not yourselves in a foreign mar
ket, with a great redundancy of the article, beg
ging for purchasers, on the mercy of brokers,
speculators, and shavers.
As we have seen, the United States supplied
to Great Britain, in 1840, four fifths of the cot
ton consumed there. Reckoning according
to the Encyclopoedia of Commerce, (British,)
the increase of British consumption to 1847,
was about 15 per cent. Os this, in the former
proportion of four-fifths, the United States
must have furnished 448,701,846 lbs , worth to
the planter about $29,000,000, which amount
being swelled by expenses to the amount of
$10,174,036, would make the aggregate sum
of $39,096,147, as the cost to the British manu
facturer. As the best cotton lands yield no
more than about 300 lbs. to the acre, the aver
age yield does not probably exceed 200 lbs.
But allowing 250 lbs. it will require, to produce
the above quantity, 1,794,807 acres; which, at
a cost of $25 per acre, is worth $44,870,175.
Add $97,740,000 as the value of 195,480 hands,t
(slaves,) at SSOO each, and other necessary ap
pendages, and you have a capital employed of
about $150,000,000. To make the estimate
high enough for the planter, allow 6 cents per
pound for his cotton,and you return him $28,-
000,000 net proceeds.
The value of British manufactured cotton, in
1847, was estimated at £40,000,000. At the
estimated ratio of increase from 1833 to 1840,
which was 33J per cent, the amount in 1848
would have been £42,000,000. The capital
invested was $149,600,000. In the ratio of
capital, therefore, the planter should have re
ceived at least $150,000,000, but he received
really less than $30,000,000. Deduct $40,-
000,000 as the cost of cotton to the British
manufacturer, and you leave more than $98,-
000,000 as the value added to the cotton, for
which the planter receives something less than
$30,000,000.
Let the planter now take a view of the prin
cipal manufacturing States in the Union. He
will find the balance against him there, in about
the same ratio as in Great Britain; although
here labor is higher than in that country. We
remark, by the way, it is evident that, did the
planter apply labor, skill, and materials, to a
business as lucrative as that of the manufacture
of cotton, and employ the capital he now does,
the product would be worth some $120,000,-
000, instead of $30,000,000, or less, the market
value of his cotton. There would be some ad
ditional expenses to diminish this difference, of
which, more hereafter.
Assuming an increase of 25 per cent, in the
cotton crop in 1840, the quantity in 1848 wai
998,099,093 lbs,, which, at 6 cents per pound,
would return the planter $59,285,945 58 on
his capital of $300,000,000. in lands, negroes,
&c. In the five following States; Maine, New
Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and
Connecticut, 57,000 operatives, with a capital
of $42 000,000, produced, in 1839, cotton fab
rics estimated in value at $40,918,143. From
this, deduct $13,639,381 for materials, &c. in
cluding cotton, and we leave $27,278,762 as
the net proceeds oflabor performed by 57,000
operatives ; but little less than the southern
planters received for their entire crop of cotton
in 1839; and in the productionof which he em
ployed a capital of $150,000,000. The differ
ence in the interest per annum, on these two
capitals, is $6,420,000; a very desirable item
to the credit of the New England manufac
turer.
Ten of the best plantations would not pro
duce more than 1,800,000 lbs. of cotton. One
mill, of 10,000 spindles, would work the whole
into cloth No. 15, in the year. These planta-
tions, including slaves. «sec., would be worth at
least $738,000. The mill, with a working cap
ital of $50,000, would be worth, capital and
all, $250,000. The cotton, at 6 cents per lb.,
would be worth SIOB,OOO. The cloth, 4,500,-
000 yards, at 7£ cents, (yard wide) would be
worth $337,500. Deduct from the amount
paid the planter for cotton, wages of overseers,
interest of money, &c., say $28,000, and you
leave him SBO,OOO. Deduct from the above
market value of cloth, the cost of cotton, steam
power, labor, &c., $247,000, including inter
est on capital, and you leave the manufacturer
a clear balance of $90,500. It is evident, then,
that a man owning such a cotton mill, would
, suffer a very considerable loss, by exchanging
*it for cotton plantations, negroes, &c. norai
nally worth three times as much. The value
of all productive property is in the ratio of its
productiveness, independent of its actual cost.
Hence, the mill, with its working capital, at
an outlay of $250,000, is about as valuable to
its owner, as cotton lands, fixtures, negroes,
&c. would be which cost a million.
The cotton spinning jenny of Hargreaves
was brought into use between the years 1767,
and 1769, and was followed by the spinning
frame of Arkwright. Previously, not a pound
of cotton had been spun by any machinery but
the common hand wheel. Great Britain pos
sessed neither skill nor labor tramed to the busi
ness, nor men skilled in the fabrication of the
requisite machinery; and the raw cotton was
a scarce and dear article. But, with the ener
gy, perseverance, and ingenuity, so character
istic of the race, attempting everything from
which others turn in despair, British enterprise
put its hand to the work, and all obstacles van
ished. In the course of four years, the busi
ness now creating such an astonishing amount
of wealth, and clothing and leeding millions,
was in successful operation ; and in little more
than twenty years, the celebrated Slater, the
father of our cotton manufactures, had estab
lished the business in Rhode Island. From
that early day, we have seen no want of manu
facturing skill and labor. In fact, open a pro
ductive field, and labor and skill will always be
at hand to cultivate it. Should the number of
mills in the United States be doubled in twelve
months, probably no one would be compelled
to suspend operations for a day, because of a
deficiency of labor and skill. Without calling
for aid from Europe, a supply may at all times
be found in New England, to manage tbe affairs ,
of the cotton mill; and there are thousands of
persons at the South who would gladly accept
such employment, to earn a comfortable liveli
hood. Experience has proved this true to the
letter.
Economy dictates, all other things being
equal, in order to make the most valuable re
turn, to work all raw materials, especially those
of a bulky character, on the spot where they
are found. There may be some exceptions to
this rule, but cotton is not one of them. Labor
and skill will, tike all other commodities, seek
the best market. In a comparatively short
time, hundreds of factories might be erected at
the South, and fully supplied with operatives
and managers, and which, even were these to
be imported from Europe at the manufacturer’s
expense, would be the source of gain to him.
The expense accruing in transitu, on 1,800,000
lbs. of cotton, delivered at the Northern mill,
is about SIB,OOO. To import 275 operatives
from Europe, would cost $13,750. These
. would be sufficient for the mill. This item,
when compared with the expenses of the trans
portation of the cotton, would make a saving
of $4,250; and as but one such importation,
if even that, would be required, there would
afterward be saved annually the entire amount
of SIB,OOO to the planter, by the manufacture
of his own cotton. Again : interest on the
planter’s capital, $43,000, together with 600
hands, and 300 horses and mules, necessary lo
the production of 1,800,000 lbs. of cotton,
would complete and operate three mills to man
ufacture the cotton, returning a gross income
of many thousand dollars per annum more
than is realized from its culture.
Considering the more rapid increase of wealth
in manufacturing, than in the cotton growing
States, there must be an adequate cause. That
cause will be sought for in vain, except in the
greater productiveness of the manufacture of
cotton, than of its culture. In confirmation of
this statement, see what is said relative to a mill
of 10,000 spindles, referred to below. The
results were realized last year, one of the
worst for manufacturers ever known in this
country, since the first introduction of the busi
ness. The account stands as follows;
Cotton, (1,800,000 lbs.) at 7 cents, $126,000
Cost of steam-power 4,500
“ carding 13,266
“ spinning 14,734
“ dressing and starch 9,306
“ weaving, including all expenses- •• • 26,598
“ repairs, wear and tear, machinists,
&c. 17.002
“ general expenses, officers’ salaries,
transportation, &c. 20,642
“ on capital of 8250,000 15,000
Making a total of- 8237,048
Against this total cost, we have 4,500,000
yards of cloth (No. 14) sheeting, worth
then, 71 cents per yard 8326,250
From this amount, deduct cost as above -• • • 237,048
And we find a balance of 889,202
in favor of manufacturing. Os the other mill
alluded to, the account is similar. This is the
gross profit of the manufacturer, on 1,800,000
lbs. of cotton. The planter who produced the
cotton, received SIOB,OOO for it, at 6 cents per
pound, only SIB,BBB more than the profits on
its manufacture ; and yet, from that sum he
had to pay the entire cost «f production, to
gether with all incidental expenses, to say no-*
thing of the interest on his capital. Such facts
should fix his attention, and induce him to be*
come the manufacturer, at least to some extent,
of the product of his field, Instead of this, he
extends his agricultural operations, and in
creases his product from year to year, when he
already produces 100 much.
In 1839, New England had inoperation 1,590,-
140 cotton spindles, Allowing an increase of
20 per cent, there are now not less than 2,000,-
000. Assuming that in 1810, when the business
had become important, there were 50,000
spindles in operation, the average number for
the term of 40 years, up to 1849, would be a
bout 900,000. Distribute these in 90 mills, of
10,000 spindles each, and each mill creating
wealth by adding to the value of materials, at
the rate of $ 100,000 per annum, and we shall
have $360,000,000 added to the wealth of New
England in 40 years; by the combined operation
of labor, skill, and materials aided by capital
and credit. It is presumed that the actual re
sult has been fully equal to this estimate. But
the South can do if so disposed, a great deal
more iu 40 years to come, than New England
has done in 40 years past. Nothing is wanting
but enterprize. Alleged deficiency of capital is
ao sufficent apology. New England did not
hesitate on that account. She saw an opportu
nity to enrich herself, and improved it. A lu
crative business will always command capital,
and create more. Planters, with property of
the value of half a million of dollars, would
readily command an available capital of one
half that amount, to invest in a business known
to yield a net profit 0f25 per cent or more, and
which would be certain to return an increase
| of wealth of more than 100 per cent to thecorn
munity, in the space of two years ; and espe
cially when known, as it is by practical experi-
I ence, that it would enhance the value of pro
perty at least one hundred per cent.
* * » # »
In a political point of view manufactures are
important to the South. By their aid the North
increases, and will continue to increase, in
population, tar beyond the increase at the South
as long as the South refuses to follow the ex
ample of the North. The difficulty increases,
when we reflect that at least 331-3 per cent of
the increase of the southern population, is *-
mong the slaves. Os course, the increase of
representation in the councils of the nation is in
favor of the North, and so must continue, till
the South shall cancel the diflference in the only
practicable way, the extensive prosecution of
various branchesof manufactures, among which
that of cotton, as the most important to South
ern interests, must lake the lead. The South
can never compete with the North while she
persists in her impolitic course ofsendingabroad
lor every manufactured article she may want,
from a yard of shirting to a cargo of ready made
clothing—from a penny jewsharp, to a steam
engine. To manufacture almost any material,
is more profitable to individuals and the com
munity than to produce it, and this is especially
true ofcotton. Manufacturing business, there
fore, affords the best pay for labor. Labor
seeks the best market Hence, manufacturing
districts increase in population much more rap
idly than others.
The manufacturing business, then in its in
fancy in our country, received a severe shock
from the termination of the war of 1812. But,
in 1820, it had rallied again ; and then the pop
ulation of Massachusetts was 523,287. During
the next succeeding ten years the business of
cotton manufactures made a somewhat rapid
progress, though it met with serious revulsions
in 1828 and 1829. In 1830 the population of
Massachusetts was 610,408 —showing an in
crease of about 14 per cent. But the business
continued to be extended, notwithstanding the
disastrous crisis of 1836 and 1837 ; and in 1840
the population numbered 737,699, showing an
increase of 21 per cent. The increase in the
population of Rhode Island,from 1820 to 1830,
was in about the same ratio of that of Massa
chusetts. From the latter period it has been
somewhat less, owing to the facts that in Rhode
Island the water power has been almost entire
ly appropriated, and that little has been done
by steam power ; whereas Massachusetts, with
all her numerous manufactories has almost any
extent of water power still unoccupied. Mas
sachusetts also presents a much larger and
better field for agriculture than Rhode Island,
in the ratio of the areas of the two States ; and
the manufactories have so strong a tendency to
enhance the value of agricultural products,
that this alone helps very much to swell the
mass of population. In fact, every interest in
the State is promoted by it. Manufactories
very much enhance the demand for the pro
ducts of every branch of mechanical, as well as j
agricultural industry, and which, therefore, o
bear remunerating prices. Thus manufactures f
furnish employment, increase the wealth of nj
communities, aad encourage, and in great \ a
measure pay for, public iraj#ovements, and }J (
prevent the evils of extreme poverty, by fur- i
nishingthe poor with the means of procuring
the neccessaries of life by their own industrial
efforts. Most certainly all these benefits are
well worthy of attention. The South produces
cotton in abundance. She need but say the
word, and labor and skill will offer themselves
to convert it into cloth on the spot, as readily as
ships do to transport it to other regions.
One of the objections urged against the loca
tion ofcotton manufactories in the south, is the
deficiency of water power. Suppose you
have no motive power— make it. You have
plenty of means. In many Southern places,
steam has been long and extensively used as
the driving power for saw mills, and those who
use it would hardly accept water power as a
gift Still longer, and more extensively, the
British manufacturer has used steam-power,
to work up the cotton of the American planter,
carried near four thousand miles to find a mar
ket. And his steam has cost him twice a»
much as it would cost any Southern State.
In the interior of New England, with our
high prices for coal and wood, the manu- v m
facturer might hesitate to adopt steam-power,
before the modern improvements had reduced
the quantity of fuel required, more than 50
per cent. But even in New England many
mills are now driven by steam, at as great pro
fit, to say the least, as water mills.
The two mills already referred to. are driven
by steam. The coal used in them costs $5
per ton—equivalent to about $6 per cord for
wood. One of these mills makes cloth No. 30,
averaging about one yard wide, 3| yards to
the pound; and the cost of steam for the pur
pose is but 1£ mills per yard, The other mill
makes cloth (No. 14) sheeting 2 70-100 yards
to the pound; and the cost o&tteam is but a
fraction more than 2 mills These
cloths command ready sales in market, at
prices so much higher than those manufactured
by water-power, of similar fineness, that the
difference will twice pay the entire cost of the
steam-power to manufacture them. Machine
ry can be driven by steam with a more uniform
motion than by water. The cloth, therefore,
is of a more uniform texture. By the use of
steam, also, the humidity and temperature of
the atmosphere in the mill can be so regulated
as to give to the goods a more smooth and even
surface, and a more beautiful finish.
During the past year these two mills have
made more money, in proportion to their num
ber of spindles, than any two in the North
driven by water. The cost of steam-power
varies with the coat of fuel. Water power is
diminished in value, in proportion as it is taxed
with cost of transportation. In fact, it would
be much better to pay for steam-power contig
uous to navigable waters, than to have water
power gratis, if taxed with twenty miles of
land transportation. In the cotton growing
States, the cost of wood to generate steam pow
er would not be one-tenth part as rauchasthatof
coal in New England. Why, then, should not
the South, even if entirely destitute of water
power, manufacture at least a considerable
portion of the cotton grown in her own fields t
The bare saving in the transportation of cotton
goods to a distant market, commissions, fuel,
&c. compared with the cost to the New Eng
land manufacturer, would twice cover the cost
of steam-power at the South, including steam
engine, repairs, fuel, engineer, and allineident
1 expenses.
There are many things in favor of steam
power, compared with water-power You can
have steam where you please; and you can
have much or little. However inconvenient,
you must lake the water where it is; and,
sometimes, have much more than you want,
and at other times, not near as much as you
want —perhaps none at all. With steam-power
yon may go into a city, town, or village, where
dwellings for operatives, and other requisites,
are at hand; and thus avoid a heavy outlay for
them. With water-power you will have a vil
lage to build, and roads to make, and dams,
race-ways, flumes, wheels, and wheel-pits, to
construct, and heavy foundations to lay, before
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