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About Daily chronicle & sentinel. (Augusta, Ga.) 1837-1876 | View Entire Issue (Nov. 14, 1850)
CHRONICLE & SENTINEL. J3Y WILLIAM S. JONES. OFriCE~«trRAIL ROAD BANK BOILPINO. DAILY, TRI-WEEKLY & WEEKLY. fBRMS —Daily Paper, to city subscriber*, perj annum, in advance $6 Daily Paper, mailed to the country •• •••••• 7 Tri-Weekly Paper, •« “ “ “ •• * Weekly (a mammoth sheet) “ c< •• 2 (JASH r'/YSTEM.— in no case will an order tor the paper be attended to,'unless accompanied with the money, and in every instance when the time for which the subscription may be paid, expires before the receiot of funds to renew the same, the paper will be discontinued. received 2t value in this city. The Turkish Empire. The Boston Daily Advertiser of Friday pub lishes a communication on the condition of the Turkish Empire, and the ameliorations which it has undergone during the reign of the pre sent sovereign, and his immediate predecessor. From internal evidence, we presume that the article was written by Mr. Brown, who is ac companying Amin Bey on his tour of inspec tion through this country. The following ex tract will he read with interest:— “ But half a century ago the Turkish Sultan knew nothing of reform, or of its necessities. He sought for information with nothing con nected with the world which surrounded him. Exercising absolute power himself, all the greater officers of his government, especially those who governed distant and great provinces, could condemn the object of their ill will to endless imprisonment or to the loss of life. They received no salaries, but profited by the uncertain length of the tenure of their offices, to force from the people under them as much wealth as was practicable. From their de crees there was no appeal, and the system of oneness in matters of authority, pervaded the whole Ottoman government. The results of this form of government may readily be con ceived. All branches of industry withered beneath its influence. What were in former yoars the moat flourishing parts of the world, the most beautiful plains of Asia Minor, were wasted before the greedy hand of the despot. Wilh an agriculture limited to the daily wauls of the tiller of the soil, commerce could have no ma terial, no substance, on which to exist. Man ufactures were followed only so far as to meet the necessities of each household, and if the people engaged in no public industry, nor sought to introduce improvements from Eu rope, the sovereign considered it a sufficient mo tive to neglect to encourage them. But few other schools existed than those ‘of correc tion,” and all the sources of education within the reach of the youth of Turkey were often the bigotted and superstitious minds of the iroaum and the priest. Black slavery is diminishing in Constantino ple. The present Sultan abolished, in 1846, the slave market of the capitol, and those slaves yet sold are disposed of at private sale. Mussulman slavery is the same as that of the Mosaic period, and is a species of bondage for seven years. White slaves—mostly females— are stilt sold, also at private sale, in Constanti nople. They are the daughters of Circassians, who are brought by their own parents to — what is to them—a “ land of milk and honey to become the adopted daughters and the wives of Pachas, and even of the Sultan himself. Slaves, both white and black, when freed, pos sess all the political rights of every free born subject of the Sultan, and may rise, by their merit or good fortune, to the highest offices of the State. Amalgamation is nut feared, nor is it of frequent occurrence. The free black meets with no obstacle from his color, and is left to work his way through life like any other man. Among the institutions first patronized by the present young Sultan was a medical aca demy. It was erected in the heart of Pera, where the native and all the more respectable Europeans are located. It contains an eqnal number of paid students (it being a military footing) taken from among the Mussulman, Jew, Greek, Armenian and Catholic sects of the empire. They are some 400 in number. The students each receive an education which fits them for other positions of ability than those of the physician and the surgeon. They are taught French and the Italian languages, and all the ordinary branches of knowledge. The religious prejudices of the Jew are respected ; they are politely denominated Mosesites, and are treated equally well with the Christians. They have their own butcher and kitchen, and even the water for their use is apart from that of the other pupils. The Sultan himself pre sides at an examination, when those who have passed through the necessary studies are ele vated to the dignity of a doctor. Some of the students of this academy are the sons of fo reigners who have been for some length of time in the service of the Sultan, or who, dy ing in his empire, have left their orphans de pendant on the bounty of the sovereign whom they had served. The professors of the aca demy are mostly French and Germans. For several years past there has been a mili tarv academy near the city, founded originally by the late Sultan. It contains about the same number of cadets as the pupils of the medical school. These are all Mussulmans. The in structors are officers of the French army. The present Sultan has erected a new and more extensive academy, with a large library and hall for scientific experiments. It contains one of Professor Morse’s magnetic telegraphs, and its experiments are made between the two aca demies, for the instruction of the pupils of both establishments. The standing army of the Sultan is com posed of about 120,000 men. They are div.- ded into six corps, viz:—in Albania, Roumelia, the Capital, Syria, Bagoad and Arabia, and another is now being formed near the Danube, on the Hungarian frontier. It is composed of and commanded wholly by Mussulmans. And while mentioning this peculiarity of the mili tary law of Turkey, it may be added that, since the period of the success of the earliest Caliphs, no Christians have ever been held to military service in Mahomedan armies. When sub jected to the rule of the Caliphs, or the Sul tans, they paid a tax, which exempted them from all military duties, and this rale still exists in the Ottoman Empire. The naval arsenal of the Sultan has long possessed a marine academy, with some 400 pupils of various classes, all Mussu' nans. Some of the instructors are Europeans, but the greater part are Mussulmans of no mean qualifications. The inner part of the Golden Horn forms, perhaps, the best harbor in the world, and the most extensive. The Sultan’s navy is composed of from 80 to 90 vess, s—of 2 three-deckers, 11 seventy-tours, 15 frigates, 8 corvettes, 29 brigs and schooners, 6 steamers of from 400 to 450 horse power, and 14 others of various pewers. Some of the best of these ships were built by Americans, of New York, the late H. Eckford, and F. Rhodes. Steamers belonging to the Sultan and his officers ply between Cons'antinople and the Southern shores of the Black Sea, Asia Minor, Syria, the Islands of the Archipelago, and Salonica; and through these facilities fir travel, a new apirit for knowledge and inquiry is springing up among the most distant parts of the Empire. Steam is now doing for the East, the wonders it has effected in other parts of the world ; and though it often proves profitlen to its un dertakers, it never fails to benefit the people of the countries which it connects. The route to Persia around the Southern shores of the Black Sea, is curtailed one-half by a line of steamers to Trebizende, and the amount of commerce sprung up with that country and Mesopotamia is but little known to our mer chants. It is wholly in the hands of the SDgfrh* Many of the more benevolent institutions established in Constantinople by the present Sultan, are hospitals for every class and de nomination of his subjects. His mother has erected one. of an extensive character, on the site of the barracks of the Janissaries, who were destroyed by her late husband. It is used as a place of refuge for poor females, Mussulmans, Christian, or Jew ; and its bene fits to the miserable—particularly those of the latter people—are incalculable. Each of the barracks of the army and navy have their ap propriate hospitals. Some of these are erec ted according to the architecture of Europe, and are as ornamental as useful so the capitil. The houses of Constantinople, mostly of wood, are frequently laid in ashes from fires of an extent quite unknown in the United States. The losses are there calculated by thousands of houses in place of fives or tens ; to rectify this, the treets are now being widened, and all houses of more than two stories are re quired to be of stone, whilst those within that size are plastered over externally ; between every fifth house a high stone wall is erected ; and rhis is found of much service in checking con ! rations. With such regulations, bene ficial janges will be made in the great and ancient capitol of the East. The most important change which the pres ent Sultan has effected in his country, is in the administration of its Government. Long since, he relinquished in a formal manner, with the foreign diplomatic corps, and all his higher officers of state as witnesses, all des. potic power over any of his subjects. He also gave up, forever, the right of inheritance which his forefathers possessed over all his people, who held their lands and tenements under a feudal tenure granted them by the suc cessors of the Sultan, who conquered Turkey from the Greeks. At the same lime he de prived alt his governors and ministers of state of the power of condemning any one to death, and required all capital sentences to he subject to his sanction. At the present time each Pacha governing a province has near him a local council, composed of an equal number of the Sultan’s subjects of every denomination. These all try cases aol purely religious, or which, occurring between Musselmans, must be decided by the Imaum or Cadi. Cases of a commercial nature are tried by this council, upon a code formed from that of “Napoleon.” All officers of his government are salaried, and cases of injustice or oppression are now as rare as in most other countries. As the capitol is a tribunal of commerce, formed of the roost respec able foreign mer chants established there, to which all cases occuriag ia the Provinces may appeal, they may, from there, he carried before a Supreme Council of State, which sits daily at the “Sub lime Porte and a petition to the Sultan him self, is open to the humblest subject, or foreigner, who deems him or herself wronged. This is frequently resorted to either as an ap peal for justice, or for pecuniary aid, by hun dreds of the poor or helpless. The chief departments of the capitol are that of the Grand Vizier, or Chief Minister; the Minister of Foreign Affairs ; the Treasury ; of War; of the Marine, (called the Capudan Pacha) ; of Commerce and Agriculture; of Police and of Justice. Each one has a Board or Council near him, of which the Minister ia more the executive than a part of the delibera tive. There ia a Council or Board of Police sitting every day, under the Minister of Police, composed of men of high character and known benevolence ; there is another for agriculture which is worty of being patronized by those who wish success to his endeavors to regenerate his country; another of miners, composed of officers educated in Enrope ; one of artillery and military ammunition ; one on naval affairs, formed of officers of the ma rine ; another of the army, presided over by the Minister of War ; by which organization it will readily be seen that the object which the enlightened young Sultan has in view is the limitation of the power of his higher offi cers of state, and the gradual organization of deliberative bodies. Though the higher officers of the Turkish government receive large sa’aries, they are not numerous and the expenses of the state are consequently limited. The whole revenue of the empire is said to be $15,000,000; it has no public debt, and, notwithstanding the urgent persuasions of some of the great Eu ropean bankers, backed by the influence of an interested government, it has constantly re fused to make a loan. The currency is gold, silver, and copper ; and only recently the Sultan has issued treasury bonds, bearing an interest of 6 per cent. All public improve ments be'ißg at the expense of the Sultan, it is remarkable that he has not been compelled to resort to a loan. His own personal expenses are small. There is nothing hereditary in his Empire, but his own throne ; all the officers of his government rise by their own merits, — become Beys and Pachas, but can leave no title to their sous. There are no honorary officers in Turkey, and in the Sultan’s house hold there are only a few chamberlains, secre taries, aids, and eunuchs. By a recent ordi nance, these last are i.ot to be renewed, and consequently their use will soon cease to ex ist in his dominions. — T* - A Wonderful Printing Machine. — The New York Tribune has the following account of a newly invented printing machine, 'which is expected to work a revolution in the news paper press, and which certainly will have that effect if its capacity for work be such as is de scribed. We, however, must be permitted to doubt, a least for the present: Wilkinson's Cylindrical Rotary Printing Press —This machine in every essential point differs from all others. In form it is simple and compact — combining the most perfect ease in movement with the greatest power in action of any press hitherto invented. The in ventor, Jeptha A. Wilkinson, of the city of Providence, has devoted much lime in per fecting this extraordinary combination, which now promises a new era, if he does not effect a thorough revolution, in the art of printing. All the motions of this press are rotary. The type are adapted to and brought into a pe.’fect circular form, and placed on cylinders ; one of which is made to print the upper and the other the under-side of a continuous sheet of paper, which is made to pass directly through the machine and come out, printed on both sides, folded into a convenient form, and cut off ready for delivery. All the reciproca ting movements heretofore used are abandon ed, and simple rotary motions substituted throughout. Consequently, the exceedingly smooth and uniform action of this press is almost exempt from the danger of derangement or getting out of order, and subject to very little wear. 3»-The types, moreover, possess in their shape a great advantage. They are so formed that they mast necessarily all stand the right way, and in their action upon the paper are not subject to injury by being battered; and they are much less worn and disfigured by use than type employed in the old way. To which may also be added the important advantage of casting upon the radii ofa circle, and using up on the cylinder stereotype plates exactly com formable to the cylinder, and made to move like the type, completely in a circle. The velocity in the movement of this press is perhaps the most extraordinary feature. Such is the astonishing rapidity wilh which impres sions may be multiplied, that with an ordinary speed 20,000 sheets may with great ease he printed on boiji sides, folded and cut neatly from a continuous sheet, in one hours’ time, Thus 40,000 impressions can be made, beside the folding and cutting of the sheet, in one hour’s time, by a single machine, without the aid of the human hand. Wilh these advantages for quick work, this press can be stayed up to the very hour of is suing the paper. There is no difficulty what ever in placing the type on the cylinders. In. deed, all the details of composing, arranging, taking proofs, and transferring are completely practical, and can be accomplished with the same facility as on the old plan. There is nothing, therefore, to prevent the success of this machine, the absolute cost of which is also much less than that of the Dou ble Cylinder Napier Press, or any other used in the old way. It can be worked by any or dinary power, one man or active boy only be ing required to attend a press, to place the roil of paper upon the machine, and carry away the printed and folded sheets as fast as they are, by thousands, thrown from the machine. Thus the expense of numerous gangs of hands, such as are usually employed about the old press, either in printing, folding, or handling the papers, may be dispensed with; and work which hitherto has required from twelve to sixteen bands during most of the day and night may now be performed by this machine and one hand only in the short space of two or three hours. Chronicle aui) Sentinel. AU&USTA, G- A • THLRSDAT MORNING, .. .. NOV. 14. RICHMOND CO. UNION TICKET. Election 25 th November. ROBT. P. POE. THOS. SKINNER. U. J. JENKINS. A. J. MILLER. Reported Arrival of the Cambria. A private despatch was received in this city yesterday, about 5 P. M., from Savannah, an nouncing the arrival oflhe Cambria, with three day* later advices from Liverpool, and a de cline in that market of #d. in cotton. It was inserted in our Evening Edition. We give in another column a dispatch from New York dated yesterday, P. M. f which pro bably left New York as late as 5 o’clock, which says the steamer had not arrived. This last dispatch was received in this city about # past 8 P. M. Direct Trade with Mobile. —At a recent meeting of the “Southern Rights Association of Mobile, a committee was appointed to in quire into the expediency, cost, &c., of build ing eight steam-propellers, capable of carry ing 3,000 bale* of cotton, with a view of pro moting a direct trade between Mobile and Eu rope. In noticing this movement the Advocate make* the following very sensible aud practical remarks: “ Now to all this, we have no objection to offer. The inquiry is well, but w« anticipate a report ad verse to the proposition at this time, for the reasons that the money is not to he had to build them, and, if built, the trade is not here to support them. “We propose a different plan of action. It is use less to tala about a direct trade to import foreign goods, unless we can find buyers for them. A direct importation city must have an extensive communica tion with the interior, with the back country, or the goods imported would rot on the shelves of the mer chants for the want of buyers. Mobile does not now occupy this position. Our plan, therefore, is to com plete the Mobile and Ohio and the Alabama and Ten nessee Railroads, as the best and only cer;ain means to bring about a direct trade with Europe. These roads would give Mobile the command of a market lor goods which would justify extensive importation.” The Adweitiser is correct; no city or com munity of merchants can maintain a profitable direct trade with Europe, and import to any considerable extent, without the advantage of an extensive back country trade. And as merchants, like all other men, are sensibly alive to their interests, such a trade could not and would not be pursued, if not profitable. That there might be a greater amount of goods imported direct than now is, into Southern cities, and with remunerating profits to those who would engage in it, we have no doubt but that, if carried to the extent which some visionary theorists contemplate, it would prove disastrous to all engaged in the business, we have as little doubt, lor the reason assigned above. Besides, it is a well known fact to all practical business men, that there are a great variety of goods, especially silks, that cannot be kepft through the summer in Southern sea ports wthout damage. This would operate as an effectual barrier to the importation in that line to any great extent. There was an attempt many years ago to es tablish a regular silk jobbing house in Charles ton, and the proprietors were compelled to pack up their goods aud re-ship them to the North, to be kept over during the »ummer months. The experiment was tried one or two seasons, and afterwards abandoned, be ciuse this difficulty could not be overcome. Charleston and Savannah have each much greater facilities for opening an extensive direct trade than xMobile, yet we think we hazard little in saying, if either or both em bark in it to the extent contemplated by the resolution of the Mobile political ccoqomists, every man connected with the trade would be suddenly and irrevocably overwhelmed. Joseph B. Cobb, Esq. —We are pleased to perceive that this gentleman, a son of the Hon. Thos. W. Cobb, a distinguished Sena tor in Congress from Georgia, is rapidly acqui ring au elevated position as a writer in Missis sippi. Among other things which have recent ly appeared from his pen, is a pamphlet review ing the recent action of Congress and examin ing Gov. Q,uitman’s proclamation, the doctrine of secession, and the proposed Southern Con vention—addressed to the people of Mississip pi. The Natchez Courier, in a notice oflhe au thor and his production, says: “Heis a South erner by birth and education, a Southerner in pride of land and in feeling—a Southerner in interest and by every tie which can bind mor tal man to his native clime.” It is an able and polished production, nobly advocating the cause of Union.” |J3P“A very curious medical discovery, it is said, has lately been made in Paris—it is the method of curing instantaneously sciatica, by applying a small jet of fire upon the ear of the side affected. This treatment, known and em ployed for ages among the Scythians, in Persia and in Portugal, is now only in actual use in some parts of Corsica. Several experi ments have been made by some of the most eminent physicians of Paris, and with astonish ing success. Persons who have been for months affected with sciatica have been instant, ly cured by this light and innocent burning- Storm. Our dispatch of yesterday, under the above head, should have been dated at Baltimore, where the storm was raging, instead of at Charleston. Pink Cottons.— We believe Savannah can now boast of having as fine cottons as any city in Ameri ca. Lots have been sold at 14c on six different days within the last two weeks. The lot of 30 bales sold on Saturday last, was raised in Jeffersoa county by Judge Holt, of this city, and disposed of by Messrs. Holt and Hothweli. — Savannah Republican. Charleston can beat that easily. We keow of a number of lots of cotton sold within the last week at 14# cents, and one lot at 15 cents. — Charleston Mercvry , Nov. 7. We did not say, nor intend to say, that 14 cents was the highest price at which upland Cotton had been sold in this market. We have reported sales at 14#, and hav • seen samples for which 14# and 15 cents have been offered. Since Oct. Ist twelve different lots, 336 bale*, have been sold in this mar ket at 14 cents. We beg leave to append the sales in Charleston for the week ending November 1, reported by the Mercury ; 97 ba'es at 13 13-16, 1,554 at 13*, 47 at 13 11-16, 1891 at 13#, 733 at 13 9-16, 2,347 at 13#, 58 at 13 7-16, 613 at 13#, 35 at 13 5-16, 941 at 13#, 539 at 13#, 424 at 13, Hat 12#, 115 at 12*, 23 at 12#, 9 at 12#. Sales for the week ending Nov. Bth : 1399 bales at 13#; 3297 at 13*: 87 at 13 11-16| 806 at 13; 366 at 13 9-16; 443 at 13#; 552 at 13*; 214 at 13#; 391 at 13 3-16; 67 at 13#; 185 at 13; 6 at 12#; 23 at 12*5 40 at 12#. Comment is unnecessary—for it is evident that either the Prices Current of the Mercury are wrong, or the editorial is. Perhaps they were prepared by different hands.— Sav. Rep. We are glad to see the Republican touching up so appropriately the trickery of the Charles ton cotton dealers, in not reporting the sales of fine cottons in that market. The consequence of such a game is, that persons owning fine cottons in the interior towns are frequently subjected to loss in their sale. California Emigrants. —A gentleman who traversed the overland route from Missouri to California, during the past summer, states that the sufferings of the emigrants, in crossing the great basin east rs the great Salt Lake, were horrible. He says: The sand was knee deep, the sun broiling hot; not a tree was to be seen ; there was no water, and their provisions were all gone. Fortunately, after passing over about 100 miles of this hideous desert, they came across a man who had gone forty miles further, found a good spring, and returned with two barrel* of water. This water he first sold for $1 per gallon, then one dollar per quart, then ten dollars per pint, and as the emigrants came along, each choked almost to death and completely exhausted, his prices raised, and no sum he could name within the power of the emigrant was refused to be paid. When the water was nearly all gone, a man came along who for three whole days and Mights had drank hut a half pint of fluid. He was almost dead, and begged for some water. The an swer was “I have not enough to last myself and animals hack to the Spring.” SSO, SIOO, SSOO, S7OO was offered in succession for one little cup full of water, and the dealer refused it. The wretched emigrant threw down S7OO, all he had in the world, and by main force grasped the cup and quenched his thirst. The Late Frosts. —The Greensboro, Ala., Beacon says : The injury done to the cotton crop by the frosts of the 25th and 2Gth, proves to have been even greater than was at first sup posed. Boils nearly grown—of which there were a large number on the late cotton on bottom lands—were completely destroyed. The South Alabamian oflhe 3d says: The cotton crop in this section, as far as we can learn, is nearly gathered, and, from all the in formation we can get, this crop will not be better than the last, if so good, the early frost destroying the late crop of bolls. Carriage for Mrs. Fillmore. —The New York Journal of Commerce has a description of a beautiful carriage, just finished bv Messrs. Wood, Tomlinson & Co., at the instance of a few gentlemen of that city, who intend pre senting it to Mrs. Fillmore, the wife of the President. The body of the coach is of a rich wine color (ornamented with the arms of the State and City, painted in a very artistic man ner,) varnished and polished in a superior style, and has the appearance of being enamel ed with glass. The lamps and handles, which are of silver, are elegantly wrought. Upon the top of the lamps are eagles with extended wings, making a very appropriate, as well as tasteful ornament. The carved work upon the footman’s stand and staudards, is rich and elaborate. The iron-work and running gear are beautiful specimens of mechanical skill. The interior is upholstered iu a magnificent manner, with rich mazarine blue silk goods, and reflects great credit on the workmen. The inside furniture is of mother-of-pearl, handsomely wrought and of beautiful designs. The ladies of New York and Albany have determined to present a pair of fifteen hun dred dollar horses to Mrs. Fillmore, to ac company the carriage. A Companion of Washington Dead —Mr. Daniel Belknap died at Rockton, Herkimer co., New York, a few days ago, at the age of 86 years. He was a school-mate of De Wilt Clinton, and when quite young look part in the war of the revolution. He was the frequent bearer of letters to Washington, and other officers while quartered at Newburg, and was present when the General received and read to his brave comrades the despatches from Dr. Franklin, announcing the joyful news of help from France, this being only one of two occasions when he ever saw the Father of his country laugh —as he then did heartily, waving his cocked hat, and saying in an ecstacy, “ Boys , the day is our own ! ” The other was a pleasant smile produced by his attendance on the baptism of a child at a neigboring church, when, to his surprise, the mother gave its name as George Washington Wood. A Fable .-—ln these days of strife and dis sention, of disunion aid upbraidings, the moral of the following fable is peculiarly pointed. It is from the Madison Record, and will com pare with the best in yEsop : The Pin and the Needle, —A pin and a nee dle, says the American Fantaine, being neigh bors in a work basket, and both being idle, began to quarrel, as idle folks are apt to do. ‘•I should like to know,” said the pin, “what you are for, and how do you expect to get through the world without a head 7” “W'hat’s the use of your head,” replied the needle, rath er sharply, if you have no eye 7” “What's the use of an eye 7” said the pin, “if there is always something in it ?” “I am more active and can go through more work than you can,” said the needle. “Yes, but you will not live long.” “Why not 7” “Because you have al ways a Mitch in your side,” said the pin. You are a poor crooked creature,” said the needle. “And you are so proud that you can’t bend without breaking your back.” “I’ll pull your head off, if you insult me again.” I’ll put your eye out if you touch me ; remember your life hangs by a single thread,” said the While they were thus conversing, a little girl entered, and undertaking to sew, she soon broke off the needle at the eye. Then she lied the thread around the neck of the pin, and attempted to sow with it, she soon pulled its head off, and threw it into the dirt by the side of the broken needle. “Well, here we are,” said the needle. “We have nothing to fight about now,” said the pin. “It seems misfortune has brought us to our senses.” “A pity we had not come to them sooner,” said the needle. “How much we resemble human beings, who quarrel about their bless ings till they lose them, and never find out they are brothers till they lie down in the dnat together as we do.” From the Journal and Messenger, 6th inst. Mr# Cobb In Macon# At the time appointed yesterday, a very large number of the friends of the Union and the public generally assembled at Hardeman’s new warehouse. After the meeting was organized, the resolutions recently passed by the great Union meeting in New York were read, and two resolutions were adopted, recognizing the action of the New York meeting as the “olive branch” of peace, and declaring that if the North would adhere to the terms of the late compromise—if they would insure a Tailhful execution of the fugitive slave bill, and put down all future agitation of the slavery ques tion, —then the people of the South will con tinue to live in the bonds of brotherhood, and unite in all proper legislative action for the preservation and perpetuity of our glorious Un on as it is These resolutions were passed unanimously. Mr. Cobb then proceeded to address the as sembled multitude, in a speech of great point and power. He reviewed the questions which now agitate the country, showed that Califor nia was not admitted in violation of the consti tution ; that the condition upon which New Mexico and Utah were organized were highly favorable to the South, and in strict accor dance with the doctrine of non-intervention which had always been recognized by both parties in Georgia. He showed that the Tex an bill did not make a cession of slave territo ry to be occupied as free soil ; but that on the contrary it was a virtual repeal of the resolu tion of annexation which excluded slavery from Texas north of 36 30. As to the bill for the rendition of fugitive slaves, he proved it to be the very best which could have been devised. This bill he be lieved would be faithfully executed. A great change bad already taken place i n public senti ment North. The actions of public meetings at Chicago, at Hartford, at New York, and oth er places gave earnest assurance that in a few weeks the friends of law, of order, of Union, and republican liberty would rise iniheirpow er, and put down the abolitionists, the free ne groes and factionists who were at present re sisting the laws and striving to destroy the U nioo. If the local authorities were not suffi cient, he felt assured that the President would feel constrained by his oath of office, and his constitutional obligations, to call in the aid of the army and navy, if necessary. The law must and would be executed. Mr. Cobb warned his friends and all who heard him, to beware of those who had recent ly changed their tone, and who now professed to be friends of the Union. No man who hon estly believed in the oppressions of the gener al government, could honestly be a friend of the Union. He professed to love the Union on account of the blessings which it conferred, and he warned the people against those per sons who, while they professed to be opposed to dissolution, were yet prating about oppres sion and professing t© be iu favor of measures which led directly to the result which they professed to deprecate. Such men had only changed their tone, because they had quailed before the demonstrations of popular senti ment, and all they desired now was, the pow er, in order to carry out the schemes of disu nion, which they had at first proclaimed to the people. We cannot now give place to a full review of this very able and effective speech, as we are compelled to go to press in a few mo ments after its conclusion. It was, however, an effort which fully sustained the distinguish ed speaker. Our only regret is. that it could not have been heard by every man in Georgia, who will vote on lhe2slh instantfor Delegates. If this was the case, there would not be found even the ghost of adisunionist in the conven tion. More we have not time to say, than that the effort of Mr. Cobb on this occasion, proved him to be a man of ability, a statesman, a pa triot, and entirely worthy of that popular con fidence which he now enjoys beyond any man of his years in the country. The speech was listened to throughout with the most profound attention and respect, though the speaker oc cupied quite two hours and a half in its deliv ery. We will endeavor to speak of it more in detail in our next. American Trade with China —The trade be tween California and China is already assum ing a degree of importance worthy of note. When regular steam communications are es tablished—a result which will take place at an early day—the trade with China will increase in a rapid ratio. A San Francisco letter of September 17th, says, The amount of remittances to China from this port is beginning to be a very important item. Vessels depart weekly, and the con sumption of China fabrics used here is immense. One large commission house state, that their average remittance monthly for several months last past, is fully equal to the sum of one hun dred and fifty thousand Mexican dollars. Oth er houses combined may perhaps ship as much more, and this way silver currency is becoming more and more difficult to obtain for the ordi nary transactions of the city. The same letter says : I noticed that two or three of our largest and best bankers, ship and mark their gold dust direct to London, in preference to sending it to New York, to wait 30 or 60 days for its coinage. Their arrangements are so perfected as to realize at once apon shipments, and thus their capital is kept constantly active. Were it otherwise, the enormous rate of interest here current, would use up any ordinary capi tal. At the last dates the work of planking the principal streets of San Francisco was being prosecuted with great energy. The latest intelligence from the States re ceived in California, to the effect that the bill admitting her as a State would probably be passed by Congress, had a sudden and benefi cial effect on business, and was the cause of much rejoicing.—Balt. Amer. Hon. Daniel Webster is announced on the Whig Reading Room hooks, at Boston, to speak at Fanueil Hall some day this week. The sales of land belonging to the city of Boston, within the corporation limits have du ring the past sixty days amounted to $305,000 Michigan, with a population of 500,000 has 366 miles of Railway completed, and 330 miles more in course ofconstruction and projected. The New York Herald says that Mrs. Bell Martin, an English novelist of some celebrity, died at the Union Hotel in that city on Thurs day morning. She had only been in this country about ten days. Steamboats and Human Life.-~ The annual amount ot travel on the Mississippi river is about 500,000. The annual loss of human life for several years past has been over 200, by burning, blowing up, and drowning, to say nothing of sickness. The twenty-sixth concert of Jenny Lind, in New York, took place at Triplet Hall, on Sat urday night. The Tribune says that compa nies are flocking into the City to hear Jenny with excursion tickets from all the towns and villages of New York and New England with in 200 miles. The Postmaster General has, savs the New Orleans True Delta, appointed a special Mail Agent whose business it will be to pass and repass over the route included between Mobile and Charleston, and to report promptly any retnisaness, carelessness or neglect to the de partment at Washington. This is a move we are glad to see taken by the Department, as for years past the culpable negligence in this branch of the Southern route, has been very annoying to business men generally and the press iu particular. More Steamboats to Europe —The New York Herald states that a company of gentle men in Belgium have subscribed half of the sum necessary to construct a line of four splendid steamships, to run between New York and Antwerp, on condition that the other half be made up in New York. An agent of the company arrived here in the last steamship from Europe, to confer with capitalist* merchants on the subject. #0< 1 The steamship Africa brings from Rotterdam that that city is about t 0 * nCe into direct communication with North .\ eQter ca A society has just been formed f or tk***”" tablishment of regular steam communis 68 ' between Rotterdam and New York TV* service will commence in May or lone next Domestic Training. —Permit us to » a those mothers who interest themselves i'° education of their children :be assiduoi 16 ly to plant domestic taste in the tni D( j g # f ßear * daughters. Let your little girl sit by roiJ.°j T with her Beedle. D# not pm fc er r ' when you discharge those employment' , are for the comfort of the family. j" . 1 take part in them as far as her feeble capable. Teach her that this will be be ™'* vince when she becomes a woman \ T ro her with desire to make all around be sortable and happy. Instruct her in tIJ merits of that science whose result » beautiful. Teach her that no selfish *° tion, but the good of a household, the ment of even the humblest dependant i 3 of business of her sex. When she question* v repay her curiosity with clear and lovi 0 » g planations. s x ‘ When you walk out to call on your friends sometimes take her with you ; especially |f yon visit the aged, or go on errands of mercy to the sick and poor, let her be your compan ion. Allow her to sit by the side of the suffer er, and learn those nursing services which afford relief to him. Associate her with yo« Make her your friend. Purify and perfect your own example for her sake. Ard while you mingle with domestic training, and with the germ of benevolence, a knowledge of the world, of books, to which it will be a sweet privilege to introduce her, should you be able to add not a single fashionable accomplish, ment, still be continually thankful in shield ing her from the contagion of evil example. Special Notices Court of Ordinary.— -The Justicesof the Inferior Court will sit as a Court of Ordinary, on SATURDAY next, the 16th inst., at 11 o’clock. n!4-3 LEON P. DUGAS, Clerk. Tile subscriber proposes to repeat hit course ol LECTURES ON M BRCANTILE LAW, delivered last year, commencing on Monday eve ning. the 25th instant, at half past seven o’clock, a: his Office. If a sufficient Class is then obtained, the Lectures will continue every Monday and Thurs day evenings, for about three weeks. The first Lec ture will be free. Tickets for the Course Ten Dollars. nl4-td WM. T. GOULD. Ij* Philadelphia. Art Union —The draw ing of the above Institution for the promotion of the fine arts, having been postponed until December, subscriptions will be received until the 10tb of that month by GEO. A. OATES, Hon. Sec. Broad St, opposite the State Bank. Subscription $5 n!4-td |j*Terjr Superior Mustard —Warranted.— The subscriber has just received a large supply of MUSTARD, of a superior quality, for medical or family use. Physicians and families would do well to purchase this Mustard in preference to any other, as it is much purer and stronger than any other, and does not cost any more. nl4 PHILIP A. MOISE, Druggist. FOR RECEIVER. fjT W© are authorized to announce ALEX ANDER PHILIP as a Candidate for re-election to the office of Receiver of Tax Returns, for Richmond County, at the election in January next. nl4* Come Again.— This day another supply of Rich Velvet, SaMn and Silk MANTELETTS and VISITTES, which makes my assortment complete. Inspection invited. n!3 M. H. CRAfiE. PROCLAMATION. Mayor’s Office, Nov. !!» ISSO# —By a Resolution of the City Council of Augusta, THURS DAY, the 28th ins:., has been set apart as a day of Thanksgiving and Prayer. The citizens of Augusta are therefore earnestly re* quested to suspend their usual business apon that day, and to assemble at their respective places of public worship, to offer to the Author and Ruler of the Universe, their thanks for the mercies of the past, and to implore a continuance of them for the future, to our City, Stale and common Country. T. W. MILLER, Mayor of the City of Augusta. DEDICATION BALL. Jjf A Ball will be given to the citizens of Au gusta and Hamburg, on THURSDAY 14th of November, inst., at Concert Hall. Senior Managers. Junior Managers * H. H. Gumming, G. M. Newton, John Kerr, James Hope, Wh. M. D’Antionao, J. C, Dawson, J. M. Smtthe, W. S. Roberts, G. T. Doktio, C. Catlin, Thos. Richards, J. D. Butt, J. B. Hart, J. Cummino, W. E. Dearing, Thos. B. Phinizv, W. K. Kitchen, W. Montgomery, C. B. Martin, H. Rossionot., Hugh O’Neil, Edward Girardby, J. A. Carrie. Persons desiring to subscribe, will find a subscrip tion list at the Store of Messrs. J. A. Carrie &C*. b 8 m DR. JURIAH HARRISS offers hisscr vices in the Practice of MEDICINE and SURGERY, to the citizens of Augusta and its vicinity. Until his office is completed, he will h« found at the Drug Store of I>’Antignac & Barry. Office north side of Broad, 3d door below Camp bell streets, up stairs. 016-dlm* A Card.— Dr. EDW. GIRARDEY tenders his Professional services to the citizens of Aag ußta and its vicinity, . Office one door :t : ove Martin Frederick, oju-i fjj* A Card. —Dr. C. Carroll Thomas ten ' ders his professional services to the citizens gusta and vicinity. Office corner of Broad and 0 * * , • J tU qJPg a lock streets, opposite Clayton & Phimzy 8 house. 1 Female School.— This Institution commence, under the direction of Mrs. t (, e ninoham, in a suite of Rooms, p C ° - , Washington Hail, on the 7ih of OCTOB % ’ where the usual branches Jan Engiish e< . will be taught. Al-o, Muric, French and Residence on Greene s.reet, O’The French Language matically by Mrs. Sabal, opposite the U j D Hotel. Mis. Sabal will take charge of any of the Seminaries or private families o * 6 08 O’ Dodge’s Beautiful Miniatures.—The undersigned would ‘. ee^ oit y, announce to the citizens of Augusta T, f u oj| that be is now prepared to execute Miniatur - rivalled beauty, by the aid of asKTLieST. t . Groups and single pictures taken with s est accuracy, and every improvement ‘lu of all Full instructions given in the art. . /%nje kind, for sale. Harris,,,,'. Quick ras for sale at New York prices, with E. O* „ r Rooms next door to the Post Otfice. OT Mr. Editor.-You will P Enoch H. Cabswkll a candidate r f * . tio „ LECTOR of Burke County, at ®^ U n January next. O. MUNSON, A. M., M. burgeon dentist. Has removed to the oTer dence of J. C. Carmishael A Boaa Store.
