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About Daily chronicle & sentinel. (Augusta, Ga.) 1837-1876 | View Entire Issue (May 20, 1852)
CHRONICLE & SENTINEL. BY WILLIAM S. JONES, DULY, TRIWEEKLY AYD WEERLY. TERMS: DAILY PAPER, to City Subscribers, per annum, in advance |6 99 DAILY PAPER, rtiailed to the country 7 00 TKI-WEEKLY PAPER, mailed to the country... 4 00 WEEKLY, (a mammoth sheet)' “ ... 200 CASH SYSTEM. —In no case will an order for the paper be attended to, unless accompanied with ma tONET, and in every instance when the lime for which the subscription may be paid, expires before the receipt of funds to renew the same, the paper will be discon tinued. SPEECH OF HON. EBEN NEW TON OF OHIO. Jx the House ok Representatives, App.il 20, 1852, | In Favor of the Establishment of an Agricultural Bureau. The bill to encourage agriculture, commerce, manufactures, ami all other branches of industry, by to every man who has the head of a fam ily, and a citizen of the b uited states, a homestead of one hundred and sixty acres of land out of the public domain, upon condition ot occupancy and j cultivation of the same, for the period herein spe cified, being under consideration, in Committee of the Whole— Mr- Newton said: Mr. Chairman: 1 am much obliged for the floor, even after four weeks struggle for it, not so much on my own account as for the subject 1 advocate. I am in favor of the bill now under consideration, and have prepared some remarks directly applicable to it, which it will give me pleasure at some future day to make to the House or committee. The remarks I am about to make were prepared to be i made upon reporting a bill from the Agricultural Committee, of which I am a member, and which has been in the hands of my honorable friend from Wisconsin for the last two months, for the estab lishment of an Agricultural Bureau. My remarks are, however, applicable more or less to the subject now immediately before the committee, and are made now, because no opportunity has been afford- ) ed to report the bill to which I have referred. From 1796 to the present time, the subject of; an Agricultural Board, or Burcaif, has been an object of Executive consideration and recommend ation to the National Legislature; and yet little, formally, and nothing effectively, has been done. While all our other interests and relations have been sedulously guarded and liberally patronized, agriculture, the foundation on which all others rest, and the source from which all others flow, and the fountain from which all others are sus tained and increased, ha* been left to struggle alone, and not acknowledged in the great family of national relationship. From that period to the present, we have in creased in numbers with greater rapidity than any other nation or people—advancing from less than four millions to nearly twety-five millions—pos sessing a territory extending from ocean to ocean, and from a tropical Buu to near the polar region, embracing all the various climates, soils, minerals, and vegetab’e productions of the whole earth.— Inhabited by people from all nations, and of all kindreds and castes, with intelligence and enter- j prise more generally disseminated than any other people on earth; yet, lamentable as it is, in nation al agricultural science, patronage and attention, j we are behind any other enlightened nation under j Heaven. Our soil is more generally adapted to agricul- i ture, and more of our people engage in that pur- I suit, than any other country. It was the first— j it is the chief end general employment of our ; inhabitants, and more than eighteen millions are engaged in its occupation. The freedom and facility to acquire the ownership of the soil, is that which gives us a prominence over any other people. There is a prominence in the absolute ownership of the soil, and its general occupation by our citizens, that gives us a more general and important national character than any other nation. If America is guided by wisdom and patriotism, forty years hence she will probably contain more absolute freeholders than all the world besides.— • Improvement of our national agriculture is the strongest bond of union with which the nation can encirae its territory. Its neglect is but too legible in this aspect. While other countries are under the necessity of furnishing scenes of amusement, with which to employ their inhabitants, we era - ploy ourselves in cultivating the soil. Nature is a good agriculturist; she has guided j her citizens, and not this nation her subjects. She fits the soil, originally, with ail the properties ne cessary for the growth of all the plants. And from | the large quantities of virgin soil in almost all ; parts of our extended country, that have been from ! our earliest history, and still are being brought in- I to actual occupation and improvement, our agri cultural products have been so large, that the pub lic mind has been lulled into apathy and indiffer ence as to the necessity or means of renovating old and dilapidated soils, or of increasing the aggre gate amount of our products. This morbid national feeling is having deleteri ous influence upon us nationally and individually. As a consequence, land in America is not worth half what it should be, and otherwise would be, if the standard of agriculture was elevated. Amer icans do not become farmers from choice, but from necessity, and for want of other adequate employ ments. Sons of wealthy and influential men loat he the farm as they would a prison. It is the drudge of youth, and the servant of old ago, after ambi tion has been cloyed and satisfied. According to the prevailing fashion, and popular feeling, the farm furnishosTcw inducements for the youthful aspirant tor national honors and preferment. While every other profession and calling, from the highest to the most inconsiderable doorkeeper in the land, is sought after and hunted up, with an avidity that is tru;y surprising—professions, trad ing, offices, and agencies are among the most fashionable employments of the age; yet how few, compared with the number of those* engaged in those pursuits, ever arrive at any eminence or com petency for themselves or families. The tenure by which most of these are held and is so transient and fugitive, that no per manent preparation can be made for home and its enjoyments. The employment ot the families of those engaged in these temporary pursuits, are so I ephemeral that they are unfitted for the substan tial business of life—and more especially for those adverse circumstances that so frequently occur. if the nation wish to people her farms with skillful and scientific farmers, elevate her standard; give her a name and a place, and an independent position among our national palaces, where the Fa ther of our Country strove with his own bands to place her, and where he most earnestly recom mended the nation to place her, and not to turn her off with the crumbs that fall from another's table. Methinks I see him yonder, over the way, with the manuscript of his plan in hand, and the wis dom of his countenance guiding our deliberations in perfecting his most favorite object. Remember, I beseech you this great and practi cal truth, that whatever emanates from the nation, has a national influence, and a national example, and do not turn us otF with the inhospitable ex- j cuse that another and inferior jurisdiction may do this, and not the nation. Through our whole history the nation’s voice has never been heard in an effective effort to recognize agriculture, by a •eparate institution, or to throw around it any of the Governmental patronage or influence, or to clothe it with science and skill, so that its nrtional honors may be borne and enjoyed by its occu pants. From General Washington down to the present Chief Magistrate, every recommendation to estab lish a board for its elevation and improvement has been entirely neglected. Every report from committees upon this sub ject has been permitted to sleep upon the ‘table, and not even a discussion provoked. The great and primary object of this bureau, j is to elevate the social condition of the agricultu rist, and increase his moans and facilities for improvement. That this is necessary, all will ad mit. We need not go beyond our Hall to see how few farmers are selected as national legisla tors. Look to y«ur professions and mechanics, and see their skill ana productions; then cast the mind of the nation, in the person of its Kepresen atives, over the country ; let each Congressional district be examined, and see how few model flmns are to be found, and how few prize articles pos sessed, bee how few farms that may not be great ly improved in price, value, and productions. Look to your agricultural products that are seent abroad, and see how many are branded as unmerchantable, or second rate, and compare the general reputa tion they bear abroad with our mechanical inven tions and improvements, and the answer can bet ter be understood than expressed. It is the senti ment of every patriot, that ‘‘it should be the study of every statesman, and the primary object ol eve ry legislator, to elevate the agricultural interests.” It can never be done in any oth£r way than by the action of the nation; it never has been in any other country, and never will be in this. There are in all revivals, religious or political, times of declension, and unless there is some power above and below to guide and sustain them, they will fadeaway, llere the science can be concentrated and diffused by the national Representatives. Let the farming interests see that the General Gov ernment.will give them any aid in this great move ment for advancement, and you will electrify all their efforts, aud warm into life thousands of oth ers. Repulse it, and you freeze that which is now alive. I have said that agriculture was the first em ployment of our citizens. General Washington, the Father of our Country, was a practical farmer. As early as 1786, we find him engaged in sending abroad for seeds and implements of husbandry.— On the 6th of August ot that year, in writing to . Arthur Young, of England, he says : “ I shall take the liberty, in this place, to ob serve. that some years ago, from a description or recommendation of what was then called the Roth erham, or patent plow, I sent to England for one of them; aud, until it began to wear and was ruin ed bva country smith, no plow could have done better work, or appeared to have gone easier with two horses.” In the same communication he says: “ Agriculture has been among the most favorite amusements of my life, though I never possessed much skill in the art.” “The system of agriculture, if the epithet of sys- i tem can be applied to it, which is in use in this i part of the L rated States, is as unproductive to the , practitioners as it is ruinous to the land holders. Yet it is pertinaciously adhered to.'' I On the first of November, 1787, in another let- j tor to the same man, lie says : “ Our lands, as I mentioned in my first letter to you, were originally very good, but use and abuse have made them quite otherwise. ’ In the same letter, he enters into a particular description of the price of products. “ W heat,” he savs “ for the last four years has been worth four shillings sterling by the bushel; rye, two shillings j and four-pence ; oats, one shilling* snd six-pence,” i and gives the price of a great variety of other ar ticles. To Mr. Young, December 4th, 1788, he says: “I cannot help Blinking that improving our breed of sheep would be one of the most profitable speculations we could undertake. Though we do not feed them on leaves, as you say they do in some parts of France, yet we cannot -want for pasture enough suitable for them. lam glad to find you are likely to succeed in propagating the Spanish breed of sheep in Englana, and that the wool does not degenerate, fer the multiplication of useful an imals is a common blessing to mankind.” Again, he says: “ I have a prospect of introducing into this coun- ; try a very excellent race of animals also, by means j of the liberality of the King of Spain. One of the : lacks he was pleased to seed me is about fifteen hands high, his body and limbs very large in pro portion to his height; and the mules 1 have had from him appear to be extremely w ell formed for ; business. I have likewise u jack and two jennets * from Malta, of a good size, which the Marquis de | I La Fayette sent me. From these I hope to secure I a race of extraordinary goodness which will stock the country. Their longevity and cheap keeping j will be circumstances much in their favor, iam convinced, from the little experiments! have made with ordinary mules, which perform as much la bor, with vastly less feeding, than horses, that those of a superior quality will be the best cattle I we can employ for the harness; and, indeed, in a i few years, * intend to drive no other in my car ’ riage, having appropriated upwards of tw r enty of I 1 my”best mares to breeding them.” To the same man, under date 6th December, 1791, he says: “The English fanner must entertain a contemp tible opinion of our husbandry, or a horrid idea of ©ur land, when ho is to be informed that not more than eight or ten bushels of wheat is the yield of an acre.” To cure these evils, so general and so much to be deprecated, and to introduce the advantages and improvements necessary and desirable, while Pre sident in 1791, he issued a circular to many of the most experienced and influential men in the busi ness of agriculture, in the States of New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Virginia, among whom were Thomas Jefferson and Alexan der Hamilton, to collect statistics as to the value of land, its culture, the kind of articles produced, aud their quality and price. The information was ex tensively communicated, and left on record for the i information and imitation of those who may come ; after him. “This kind of general and important information is one great object now sought by this i Board.” In his correspondence with Sir John i Sinclair, also of England, under date July 20th, | 1794, he says : “I know of no pursuit in which more real end j important services can be rendered to any country, j than by improving its agriculture, its breed of use- I ful animals, aud other branches of a husbandman's | cares; nor can I conceive any plan more conductive to tins end, than the one you have introduced for i bringing to view the actual state of them in all parts of the kingdom, by which good and bad habits are exhibited in a manner too plain to be misconstru ed.” Again lie says, under the same date: “It will be some time, 1 fear, before an agricul tural society, with Congressional aids, will be es tablished in this country. We must walk, as others have done before, before we can run. Small socie ties must prepare the way for greater, but, with the lights before us, 1 hope wo shall not be so long in maturation as older nations have been.” Here we have his prophetic vision clearly ex pressed as early as 1794, alter the lapse of nearly sixty years, fulfilled by smaller societies moving the nation to acquiesce in these movements for im i provement. Again, in the same letter, he gives an illustra j tign of his improvement: “Nor is the -wool of our sheep inferior to that of i your common ones—as a proof; after the peace of I Daris in 1783, and my return to the occupation of a farmer, I paid particular attention to my breed of sheep, (of which I usually keep about seven or eight hundred;) by which attention at the shearing of 1789, the fleeces yielded me the average quan tity of five and a quarter pounds of wool.” Again, in writing on the 10th of July, 1795, to Mr. Sinclair, and speaking of their Board of Agri culture, he says : “From the first intimation you were pleased to give me of this institution, I conceived the most favorable ideas of its utility, and the more I have seen and reflected on the plan since, the more I am convinced of its importance, in a national point of view, not only to your own country, but to all others which are not too much attached to old apd bad habits to forsake them, and to new countries that are just beginning to form systems for the improvement of their husbandry.” Here I digress from his correspondence for a short time, to consider the messages immediately ' preceding his recommendation to Congress to es tablish a board. In his third annual message, 25th October, 1791, be says: “Your own observation, in your respective situa tions, will have satisfied you of the progressive state of agriculture, manufacturers, commerce, and navi gation.” Again, in his message of Bth December, 1795, he says: “Our agriculture, commerce, and manufactures are flourishing.” Always placing agriculture in the front rank with a mind well stored with knowledge and ex perience, by practical agriculture, as well us by ex tensive correspondence with men of science and experience in the practical operations of national boards. On the 7tli of December, 1796, in his eighth, and last, annual message, he says: “It will not be doubted that, with reference to cither national or individual welfare, agriculture is of primary importance. In proportion as nations advance in population, and other circumstances of maturity, this truth becomes more apparent, and renders the cultivation of the soil more and more an object of public patronage. Institutions for promoting it grow up, supported by the public purse—and to what object can it be dedicated with greater propriety 3 Among the means which have been employed to this end, none have been attend ed with greater success than the establishment of boards, composed of proper characters, charged i with collecting and diffusing information, and en abled, by premiums and small pecuniary aids, to encourage and assist a spirit of discovery and im provement, by stimulating to enterprise and ex periment, and by drawing to a common center the results everywhere of individual skill and observa tion, and spreading them thence over the whole nation. Experience, accordingly, bath shown that they are very cheap instruments of immense na tional benefit.” This sentence in the last annual message of Gen eral "Washington is the last official sentiment upon this subject expressed by one whom the united voice of the world consent to call one of the great est men the world ever produced, takingall the rela tions of life —one whom every American is proud to call the Father of his Country, aud whom all have I consented to place before us as a perpetual mon itor—one whose Farwell Address (pronounced in September, before this sentiment was uttered) all agree is a text-book for all after time. How, may I not ask, has this sentiment (full of wisdom, ex perience, and practical utility)been considered and treated ? 1 answer, entirely neglected for more than half a century; and why, I will by and by give an answer in Ills own words. On the 11th of January after this message, Judge Swift, of Connecticut, to whom was referred the message of the President, made a report, setting forth the great advantage the people of America have over the people of other countries, by being the fee-simple owners of their land; and if the business of agriculture was encouraged and pa tronized by the Government, we should become the most enlightened nation upon that subject. He also sots forth that many agricultural societies have been formed throughout the U. States, but were on too limited a scale to answer the purpose for the United States, and recommended that there be a national agricultural society formed, aud from il % a board selected, giving his plan in detail; aud upon this report no action was had by Congress. On the 6th of March, of the same year, (1797, ) Gen eral M ashing ton writes again to Mr. Sinclair, as follows: “L ndor the circumstances here mentioned, I should not have troubled you at this time with so short a letter, but for the purpose of accompany ing it with two or three pamphlets ou the subject of agriculture; one of which treats more extensive ly ou gypsum as a manure than any I have seen before.* The other tw .vill only serve to show that essays of similar kind are making in this infant country. “I am sorry to add, that nothing final in Con gress has been decided respecting the institution of a National Board of Agriculture, recommended by me at the opening of the session. But this did not, I believe, proceed from any disinclination to the measure, but from their limited sitting and a pressure of what they conceived more important business. I think it*highly probably that next ses sion will bring this matter to maturity.” The great object I have in introducing this cor respondence, is to show at one view, his thorough knowledge of the plan recommended, and to see if this House will regard his opinions upon this subject as entitled to the same weight they have upon the great and exciting subject now occupying . the public mind ; and if I fail in this, it will console and encourage the enterprising farmer to perse- ' verc in his efforts to improve the soil and the do- i mestic animals of the country, and to strive to ( elevate the farming interest to its proper level; and to point the youth of the country to the soil, 1 as the great fountain of wealth, honor, and fame. Here he sets forth the reason a board was not formed, for he says : “It; did not arise, as I sup- ' pose, from any disinclination to the measure, but their limited sitting, and the pressure of what they conceived more important business.” Here again is a clear expression, that he regarded that as the most important business, and Congress had omitted it, because they supprosed they had more important things to do. He says: “He supposed the next session would perfect it.” He continued his correspondence with Mr. Sinclair upon the same subject, down to a few days before the meet ing of the next Congress, and that session passed over, and nothing done ; and about the time of the next Congress, 1799, he died, and with him, the advocate of the farmer. Our subsequent history is but that of a gigantic nation, spreading its wings over most of the Western hemisphere, without stoppingto consider the details of policy by which we can secure, perpetuate, and improve that which we have, but to get more and more. While ex citement and enterprise swell every heart, and animate every legislative body, can we not pro fitably pause "fora few moments, to consider the details of that policy, so thoroughly studied, prac ticed, understood, and earnestly recommended by one who, through life, guided, sustained, and con ducted ns from a little band of patriots, to a great and model nation ? Mr. Jefferson, in his sixth annual message, re commends a national establishment for education. He uses this language: “Not that it w : ould be proposed to take its ordi nary branches out of the hands of private enter prise, which manage so much better all the con cerns to which it is equal, but a public institution can alone supply those sciences which though rarely called for, are yet necessary to complete the circle ; all the parts of which contribute to the im provement of tne country, and some of them to its preservation.” Mr. Madison, in bis sixth annual message, says: “The present is a favorable season, also, for bringing again into view the establishment of a na tional seminary of learning within the district of Columbia, and with means drawn from the pro perty therein, subject to the authority of the Gen eral Government. Such an intitution claims the patronage of Congress, as a monument of their so licitude for the advancement of knowledge, with out which the blessings of liberty cannot be fully enjoyed, or long preserved.” Mr. Monroe, in his second message, says: “The conduct of the Government in what relates to foreign Powers, is always an object of the high est importance to the nation. Its agriculture, com merce, manufactures, fisheries, revenue; in short, its peace, may all be affected by it. Attention is therefore due to this subject.” Mr. Adams, in his fourth annual message, re commends attention to agriculture, in conjunction with commerce and other interests. [CONCLUDED TO-MORROW. j (Lkonidf & Sentinel: AUGUSTA, GEORGIA. J 7 THURSDAY MOUSING MAY 20, 1852. Thk Northern Mail failed yesterday after noon beyond Baltimore. ——■ ■■■ A Speech for the Planters. j As the great mass of our readers arc planters, and all directly interested in the success of agri cultural improvement and progress, we desire to call their attention to the speech of the Hon. E. Newton, of Ohio, in favor of the establishment, by Congress, of an Agricultural Bureau. How ever men may differ as to the propriety of the measure, none can peruse it without becoming deeply interested, and at the same time instructed by the amount of facts collected by the speaker. It is a remarkable fact, that while all other voca tions and pursuits, seek with great cargcrneas the fostering aid of the Government to secure their success and prosperity, the Planting interest alone has stood aloof, and has not only not asked any thing, hut has received nothing ; and that too, when it constitutes about nine-tenths of the popu lation of country. In navigation, the appliances of war and indeed in every department of mechanics and the arts, the people, through the action of the have always availed themselves of all the light that science could possibly shed. Tet in the most im portant branch of all industrial pursuits, agricul ture, nothing of the sort has been accomplished— indeed, we might almost say scarcely attempted. This should not be. And it is time the Planters of America should assert and demand their rights at the hands of Congress. We shall conclude the speech to-morrow, when we may return to the subject again, and treat it more elaborately than our time w ill allow to-day. Buenos Ayres.—We perceive that a special joint mission is shortly to be sent by the British and French governments, at the instance of the British Foreign Office, to Buenos Ayres, to ar range a treaty of commerce, and the free naviga tion of the Parana. The Chevalier de St. Georges has, we learn, been selected by the French gov ernment, and he will have for his colleague a dis tinguished British naval officer who played a promi nent part in the operations of the British squad ron there in 1846. The Greenville and Columbia Railroad.—The Columbia State Rights Republican, publishes a communication relative to tliis Road, from the Pre sident, Judge O'Neall, from which we learn that it is now' completed and in operation 78 miles above Columbia. The wooden superstructure is laid 23 miles further, and could the iron be obtained, ac cording to the wants of the road, it would be com pleted to Greenwood in two weeks which is 85 miles from Columbia. The total receipts for the last four months were $40,470 66 Os this the freght amounted to 80,357 83 Leaving for Passengers . $10,113 83 From Newberry C. H. 16,436 bales ofCotton were forwarded to Charleston, from Ist September to Ist May, and 2,589 bales to Columbia. Fifteen thousand, nine hundred and ten (15,910) bushels of Corn were delivered during the months of March and April at the New'berry depot. Mrs, Cpay.—A correspondent of the Pennsylva nian writing from Washington, says : do you know’ that Mrs. Henry Clay hqp never visited Washington ? Her domestic character seems to have been formed for the quiet shades of Ashland; and though her woman’s heart beat high when she saw “Young Harry with his beaver on,” in the midst of the greatest events that have made his name immortal, yet by her the blessings of home and of fireside were to he preferred. Now that the statesman is wasting away, her presence would doubtless allieviate his sufferings and prepare him for his final reckoning. But now she is too old to c »me. She could not bear the toilsome journey from Lexington and she remains as it w r ere a a watcher for the fatal new's. A few days ago, she I sent him a boqnot of flowers ; but when they | reached here they w’ere faded—a melancholy evi dence that both the giver and receiver ’were fast hastening to that bourne whence no traveller re turns. The old man eloquent held it to his lips for a few'seconds and said with mournful pathos, “the perfume is almost gone !” But not so with his fame. That will live forever green in the memory of man. His physical frame will decay, but his great history will bo never forgotten. Os him and of his place, in the regard of men, in the dim future, it may pc well said ; “You may break, yon may ruin the vase if you will, But the scent of the roses will hang round it stilll” Mason and Dixon's Line. —Although this phrase has been in popular political parlance for many years, its derivation and signification are perhaps not generally understood. Mason and Dixon’s line is the boundary line between Maryland and Penn sylvania. Frequent disputes had arisen between Penn and Lord Baltimore in reference to the limits of their respective provinces. Years of litigation was the consequence. In 1760 both parties be came tired of dispute, and an agreement was made, in consequence of which Jeremiah Dixon and Charles Mason were appointed to run the line, in 1761, which has since borne their names. The Ohio Women’s Rights Convention will meet in Mnssillionon the 26th of May. Items. The total value of the foreign exports from Bal timore tor the week ending on Thursday w'as e $116,668.48. The foreign export of breadstuff’s for *1 the week comprises 13,367 bbls. of flour, 2,145 bbls. q of corn meal, 1700 bushels of corn, and 318 bbls. rvc flour. s Sir Edmund Head and family have taken their \ departure for Halifax, en route for Europe, i The widow of the lateJ. Q. Adams, died in t Washington on Saturday last. c William S. Derrick, Chief Clerk in the State De partment, died in Washington on Saturday last. The passenger traffiic by rail, in Great Britain annually exceeds four times in number the whole population. The speed is three times as great as ( formerly, on the average, and the fare is one-third 1 less. ( A new cask manufacturing machine is in opera- < tion in England. A laborer, by its means, is able > to turn off 3,500 staves a day, infallibly correct in < form and curve. * The first English Railway act was passed in 1801. From the 18th of February to the 4th of April, < in England, there were only seven moist days. Ole Bull had an immense audience at his Con cert at Philadelphia on Friday night —hundreds were unable to gain a admittance. A Fat Office.- -Sheriff Carnley's office of the city and county of New York, is said to be worth Irom 75,000 to SIOO,OOO per annum! The commonest kind of laborers in Australia now receive S4O a week, and it is said that there is employment for hundreds of thousand* for years to come. In consequence of the frosts of April 20, holders of brandy at Rochelle have advanced the prices from 15 to 20 per cent. A Literalist or a Joker.—We see a paragraph going the rounds that the Bishop of Oxford, hav ing sent round to the church Wardens in his dio cese a circular of inquiries, among w'hich vras: “Does your officiating clergyman preach the gospel, and is his conversation and carriage con sistent therewith ?” The churchmen near Wallingford replied—“Ho preaches the gospel, but he does not keep a car riage.” A Deacon, not remarkable for good eyesight, once in giving out a psalm for the congregation to sing, when he came to the lines— “ The eastern sages shall c»me in With messengers of grace,” put the audience in a roar of laughter, by reading out in a loud voice— “ The eastern stages shall come in With sausages and cheese.” I The newspapers arc all full of advertisements ! for plain cools —wa suppose pretty cooks have no occasion to advertise at all! The young lady who saw a baby without kissing it, has acknowledged that her friend’s bonnet was handsomer than her own. It is stated that, so disastrous has been the com mercial business of the merchants of Liverpool, daring the past year, their losses during the time, are estimated at thirty-five millions of dollars. The Duke of Wellington is eighty-three years old, enjoying excellent health, largo honors, and plenty of money. A bill has been reported in the Massachusetts House of Representatives to promote the security of rail road travel. It provides that flooring of bridges shall be three inches thick, and that every switch shall be provided with an index, which shall so render its changes of position as to be dis tinctly visible to the engineer at the distance of not less than half a mile. A resolution was also reported, requesting the National Executive to di rect the ordnance department to institute experi ments, which may tend to elucidate the laws which govern the capacity of iron to resist the various forms of mechanical violence under the circum stances of exposure to which it is subjected by our climate. The emigration Westward, especially of German immigrants, the Albany Argus states is very large. The cars and boats from New York are crowded with them, and in one week three thousand had been conveyed over the central railroad line. The great majority of them appeared to be in comforta ble circumstances. The New York papers record the death of Major John Richardson, formerly of the British Army, but of late years a resident of New York, and known as the author of Waeousta and other workj ot fiction. The New York Herald estimates the weekly sum expended in that city for theatrical and other public amusements at $34,170. Plank Road to Burke. Waynesboro’, May 18, 1852. Dr. Jones —Dear Sir: Having some business here during Court, I thought it a good opportunity to ascertain the feeling of the people with regard to sending their produce to your city or Savannah; for of course where that goes the trade will follow, and I find the mass of the citizens of Burke will send their Cotton to Savannah, unless somethingis done to arrest them and draw them to Augusta. There is a remedy, and that is a Plank Road. Tho people talk of it, they want it, and will patronize it, and who would not, when 12 to 20 bales of Cot ton can bo landed in Augusta, at about the same cost that 2or 3 can by Railroad, in Savannah. I am told by a planter from Jefferson county, that a Plank Road would get 5,000 bales Cotton from one neighborhood, that nowgoes toSavannah. I hope the citizens of Augusta will awake to their inter est, and take hold of this contemplated Plank Road, and that with promptness and energy. Yonrs, <fec., Cotton. Ttlbute to Judge Meriwether. At a meeting of the Court and Bar of the Ocmulgee Circuit at Monticello, on the 28th April, the Honorable Francis 11. Cone being called to tho Chair announced the object of the meeting. That, having received intelligence of the death of the Hon. James A. Meriwether, the meeting had been called in honor of his memory. After a few touching and appropriate remarks from the Chair upon the melancholy, event, a motion was made by J. Wingfield, Esq., that a committee of five be ap pointed to prepare and report suitable resolutions to a subsequent meeting, expressive of the feelings of the Court and Bar on the sad event which had just been announced. The committee appointed in pursuance of said motion were Messrs. J. Wingfield, N. G. Foster, R. V, Hardeman, Aug. Reese, W. Anderson. At a meeting held on tho 29th, the Committee reported the following resolutions. Resolved, That tho Court and Bar of the Ocmulgee Circuit have heard with profound sor row of the death of our distinguished friend and brother the Hon. James A. Meriwether of Eaton ton, and that we are deeply sensible of the chasm which his death has made in our circle. Resolved, That we will cherish the recollection of his untiring energy in business, his high attain ments as a lawyer, his eminent distinction as a Judge, his great worth and usefulness as a citi zen and Legislator, and the generous sentiments which ever warmed his bosom as a friend and neighbor. Resolved, That wo tender our sincere sympathy to the friends of the deceased, and more especially to his bereaved widow and children. Resolved, That we wear thepusual badge of mourning for 30 days. Resolved , That the Chairman of this Committee be directed to deliver in person a copy of these resolutictis to the family of the deceased. And further that the Court be requested to have the same spread upon the minutes of this Court,fand that the papejs generally be requested to publish the same. ” Francis 11. Cone, Ch’n. *► has appointed the Hon. Marshal J. Wellborn, of Columbus, and Hon. Asbury Hull, of Athens, under a resolution of the General Assembly, to “attend a meeting of Delegates from the thirteen original States of the Union to be held in the City of Philadelphia, on the fourth day of July next, to take into consideration, and deliberate upon a plan for carrying into effect the Resolutions of the select and common councils of Philadelphia, relative to the consecration of Inde- Hall, and the erection of monuments in the groves near the place and spot where the Decla ration of Independence was framed and signed.”— Southern Recorder. Further Mexican Item*. Looking over our files of Mexican papers receiv ed bv the brigs American and lehuantapec, we find ft few more items of interest. Our dates from the city of Mexico arc to the first and from Cruz to the 7th inst. ~ nre- The Legislature of the State ot \ era Cruz, pre viousto adjourning granted an amnesty to all pe: sons who had in aly manner been connec ed wx h whatever seditious movements had purred i the State during the past year; provided that with in two months from the publication of the amnes ty, such persons should present themselves to the chief of the department in which they might be. The papers all over Mexico are urging upon the people and Government the necessity ofconstruct mThSiJfosays that on the 23d tilt, the Govern ment urged upon the Chamber ot Deputies ie prompt passage of a law authorizing the admission of foreign flour into Vera Cruz at a duty ot $3 per barrel of2oo pounds. The General Government has conferred the title of “loyal” upon the city of and assign ed honorable distinctions to the regular troops and national guards who defended it. The Legisla ture of the State of Tamaulipas has also decreed crosses of honor to Gen. Canales, Col Cruz, and other officers with appropriate inscriptions. Under the head of “public morality,” the Uni versal of the 27th ult., cnronicles the arrest on the day previous for various offences, of one hundred and torty-one persons. The Stylo says that robbers abound in Cuerna vaca. Not long since, near Cerro Gorda, they robbed a party of Americans killing one. The peo ple are not secure even in the villages. The editor says that such a state of things calls for prompt and energetic measures. The Legislature of the State of Vera Cruz, in its meeting of the 16th of April, adopted the following address : “It shall be declared to the sovereign Congress : of the Union that, in the opinion of the Legislature which makes this address, neither the general necessities of the country nor those of the state of Vera Cruz, are satisfied by the reform in the tariff'©a foreign products which the National Senate has limited to a reduction of ten per cent, of the duties on articles of general consumption. This Legislature not only desires a still greater re duction of the duties on these articles but it also desires the abolition of prohibitory duties on cot ton goods, and other articles of foreign importa tion of the same nature, which measure was advo cated by the Lower House of the National Con gress, but was lost in the Senate. By this means only will commerce obtain the impetus which she should receive, not only in the public interest, but to save Vera Cruz from misery and despair. We solicit, in consequence, that the Chamber of Dep uties eha'l persist in its advocacy of the aboliton of these prohibitory duties, despite the refusal of the Senate to agree to it.” The merchants of Vera Cruz awaited with great , anxiety to the answer ol the General Government to the remonstrances which they had addressed to the administrator of the customs at that port, con sequent upon their refusal to sign bills for the; pay ment ©f duties due under the exorbitant tariff of 1845. On the 22d ult., an express took down the Government's answer ; it gave the administrator of the Vera Cruz customs positvie orders to exact the signing of these hills and to imprison those who saonld refuse. It was not known whether the order would be carried into effect; but if it should be, very serious consequences would fol low.—3'. O. Picayune. The Presidency—Shall not Georgia Speak. A very large portion of the people of Georgia are determined that Millard Fillmore, and the Constitutional rights of the South, shall not “ be slaughtered,” by the Baltimore Convention to be held on the 16tli of next month, if they can pre vent it. They arc determined to go with the other Southern States, and sustain in that Convention, Millard Fillmore and his and their constitutional platform. Should that convention refuse to adopt 41 tne Compromise, and, its faith ful execution as a final settle ment in principle and substance of the dangerous and exciting subjects which they embrace," the Delegates from Georgia will of course retire, with the other Southern Delegations, from that bo<ly, and reoort the result to the Southern peo ple,~to act as tneir judgment upon that result, shall dictate. As the time for action is short, the citizens of Baldwin, who desire to supnort Mr. Fillmore in the Convention to be held in Baltimore on the 16th, are requested to meet at the Court-house on Saturday next at 11 o'clock A. M. to appoint Del egates accordingly; and the people of our sister counties who feel with us, are respectfully invited to take sftniliur action at once in their respective counties, and to designate a delegate or delegates to represent them. . S. Grantland, D. B. Stetson, Miller Grieve, Be ter Lindsay, R. M. Orme, J. P. Timberlake, Win. H. Scott, Wm. R. Rivins, S. T. Beecher, E. D. Brown, Josiah Doles, T. B. Lamar, W. T. W. Napier, Charles Ogden, C. J. Paine, M. J. Kenan. R. 11. Ramsay, Geo. L. Deming, P. T. Taylor, Joel. T. Tucker, L. F. Choice, George Murph, J. Lane, E. 11. Pierce, J. W. L. Daniel, G. T. Myrick. Sa'm Singleton, C. P. B. Martin. And many others who unite cordially in the call. —Southern Recorder. Treaty between France and Sardinia.—We per ceive that the following are the chief points of the new treaty of commerce concluded between France and Sardinia. It is another step in advance of free trade principles: 1. The abolition, by Sardinia, of alUexport duty on raw and spun silks, also on skins of kids and lambs. 2. The abolition, by the two countries, of import duties on the same article. 8. The reduc tion, by Piedmont, to a uniform duty of 3f. 30c. the hectolitre, instead of lOf. and 14f. on all sorts of wines, of lOf. instead of 30f, on brandies of the first quality, of of. 50c. instead of 18f. on common ban dies, and 10c. instead of 30c. on every bottle of wine, brandy, honor, or vinegar containing less than a litre. * 4. The reduction by France, to 15f. instead of 20f. the 100 kilogrammes of the duties on Sardinian oils. 5. The admission, by France, at a reduced duty of 3f. of 12,000 kilogrammes ucr annum of the steeled cast irom of Savoy. 6. The reduction, by France, of one-half the existing du ties on the cheeses of Savoy, and some facilities for tho importation of cattle from that province. Bank of the State of Georgia. —At a Special Meeting of the Board of Directors of the Bank of the State of Georgia, held Monday, the following gentlemen were ejected Directors for the ensuing year : For the OMce at Augusta. —G. M. Newton, J. C. Carmichael', J. R. Bulkley. W. 11. Turpin, W. A. Beall, H. W. Risley, W. K. Kitchen. For the Office at Washington. —Sam’l. Barnett, A A. Cleveland, G. Andrews, G. P. Cozart, Isaiah T. Irvin, Jr. For the Office at Eatonion. —S. B. Marshall, 11. Branham, 3no. Hudson, IV. B. Carter, A. S. Reed. For the Office at Athens, —Thomas N. Hamilton, S. Thomas, J. Huggins, E. R. Ware, J. 11. New ton. — Sav. Rep. Gol» Dollars.—The Philadelphia Ledger says Split gold dollar pieces are rapidly multiplying, and the caution cannot be too often repeated to be on the look-out for them. The piece, by some fine and ingenious machinery, is split in two, about one half of the coin abstracted, and tho plundered sides stuck together again, the face of the piece not the least scared or injured. A little care will readily detect the fraud. Tho milling arou id the edge will be found broken, and very generally a pewter colored cement may be observed protruding from it. The coin, too, is thin in the middle. Unprecedented Despatch—Papers only 63 Hours from New York.—On Saturday night, at 9 o’clock, we had in our possession a rile of New York papers of Thursday, the 6th inst., and which were started from that place at 6 o’clock the even ing of that date. They lay over in Cincinnati some twelve hours, and still reached us in the remarka ble short time of 63 hours from the time they left New York. For them we are indebted to the kindness of our esteemed friend T. B. Johnson, Esq., mail agent on the Ben Franklin, who has just returned from a short business trip to he East. This is bringing New York and Louisville pretty close together, and before this year closes they will be still nearer.— Louisville dour., May 11. Th« Steamer Fanny Seized.—The steamer Fanny, as we have heretofore stated, bound from New Orleans for San Francisco via Rio de Janeiro, with 350 passengers, put into this port Saturday last for coal and provisions. It appearing that she had a greater number of passengers than is allow ed by the laws of the United States, she has been seized by direction of the U. S. District Attorney, Henry Williams, Esq., and will be libelled for forfeiture. This is a particularly hard case on the passengers. They had paid their passage money in New Orleans to the owners of the Fanny, to the amount of sixty to seventy thousand dollars. The steamer is an old craft, not worth more than ton or twelve thousand dollars, and the owners can very well afford, with $60,000 or more in their pockets, to have her forfeited. The passengers are left to whistle for their money. Gs course the District Attorney did right to proceed against her. The greatest wonder is, not that she had 350 passen gers, but that she had any.— Sav. Republican. The Wm. Gaston, which has been a«hore some days on St. Catherine’s island, was got off Saturday night, and she arrived here yesterday forenoon. M e understand she is not in jured, and that she will resume her place in the Florida line to-dav.— Savannah Republican. Gov. [Calhoun, of New Mexico.— The Occiden tal Messenger of May Ist, learn by a private letter from Santa Fe, since the April mail, that Gov. Calhoun was not expccted[tohve over a day or two. Ho had been in ill health. Bo Cflfjjntjilj. Charleston Market, ednesdat, May 19. Cotton. —The sales to-day are I=loo bales at 8 to showing a farther im provement in prices. From the Baltimore American — By Telegraph. Further by the Atlantic, New A. okk, May 10th, 10 I*. M. —The steamer * Atlantic, with Liverpool dates of the sth hist.,' ar rived here at 9k,' P. M. She brings 69 passengers and left Liverpool at 10 A. M. on the sth in it’ The steamer Africa arrived at Liverpool early in the morning on the 2d just. Cotton Market. —AN right, Gandy & Co.’s Circu lar says that the sales on Saturday were 12,000 bales,' of which speculators and exporters took 4000 bales. On Monday the sales were 10,000 bales, ot which 8,000 were taken by exporters and speculators. On Tuesday, the sales were 10,000 bales, 4,000 of which were for export and specula tion, The imports, including 68,'X>0 bales which had arrived but were not included in Friday’s Circular, had been about 150,000 bales, principally American. The prices on Tuesday were for Fair Orleans 5%d.; Mobile s*k(d., and Upland oVd., Middling Orleans 5j< s d.; Mobile ; sd. 4 15-16 d. for Uplands. Prices ot lower grade? were stiller. Money Market.— The money market was steady. Consols closed at 99% & 99 % for Money and Account, American Stocks quiet and un changed. The Paris Bourse was unsettled owing to t ie re port that the Emperor of Russia had given orders to sell his heavy investments in the t reach fund. The four and half per ceius were quoted at lOOf. 10c. Three’s 70f. 60c. Bank of France 27.70. England.—Lord Derby had given assurances that the Government contemplated no change in 1 the present departure of the steamers for America. Sir J. Packingtou, Colonial Secretary, had brought in a hill giving a representative and Con stitution to the colony of New Zealand. On Monday the Militia bill was taken up. Mr. Cobden opposed the enrollment, and moved that a proposition for a more effective navy be laid be fore tiie House before going into Committee on the bill. He did not believe any man of common sense believed that England was likely to be in vaded, but if the country was really afraid, let 500 ships of the Line be placed on the coast, rather than convert citizens into soldiers. Mr. Bright j followed in the same strain. The subject was resumed on Tuesday, and tbo ! House subsequently adjourned till Wednesday. On Tuesday, in the Louse of Lords, Lord Lynd i hurst called attention to the case of Solomons; ! laid on the table a bill repealing the Jewish Disa | bilities Act. Lord Campbell expre sed bis satis ! faction at the motion, and honed Jews would be j admitted into Parliament. Lord Derby said he I would offer no opposition, and the bill was read. A distinguished Committee had waited upon the : American Minister on Monday, asking his co-ope ! ration in favor of a reduction in ocean postage, j which met his cordial approval, and he promised to call the attention of the U. S. Government to the matter. A communication from the Superintendent of ; the English Company sent to California to take j possession of Col. Fremont’s property, states that i the dificuMes relative to title, &c., had induced him to abandon Fremont’s alleged laud. one of the Chief United Trish j men and a member of the Irish Directory died on the 23d of Anril, aged 89. France. —khe Journal*3es Debats is strongly iu ■ favor of the American Expedition to Japan, and says it is the realization of the dream of Christo ! pher Columbus. The Paris papers state that refusals to take the oath of allegiance.to the Constitution and the Pre sident are more numerous than were expected. Se veral members of the Councils General had refused, and some members of the Tribunal of Commerce had been suspended in consequence of their re fusal to take tne oath. The 10th of May fete excites great enthusiasm in the army. The reported diminution of the French Army at Rome is unfounded. The Education Bill before the Council of State proposes no alteration in the Primary Schools, but makes material alterations in the advanced schools, LATER EROM CALIFORNIA. New York, May 10, 11% P. M. —The steamer Daniel Webster, 8 days from San Juan de Nicara gua, arrived here at 11 o’clock to-night. She brings California dates to April 16th, and 305 jras sengers and s4s>o,ooo in gold on freight and in the hands of passengers. Business at San Francisco was bri e k, and nil kinds of desirable goods were improving in price. The mining news continues favorable. A meeting bad been held at San Francisco rela tive to budding a railroad across the continent. Philadelphia, May 17.—Win. R. Pitts and Fran cis Elliott, changed withrobbing Mowry A Morton, brokers, of Richmond, Va., were arrested yester day at the Baltimore Depot, and nearly s3uo of the SSOO stolen were recovered. Pitts was a clerk in the office, and the oldest of the pair is but IT years of age. Wm. Watts, a brakesman on the Reading Rail road, was run over on the road last night, and had both legs crushed. Raleigh, N. C., May 15.—The North Carolina Democratic State Convention adjourned yesterday after two days’ session. D. D. Roe, Esq., 'was elect ed President with great unanimity. The Hon. S. S. Reid was nominated for Governor with hut little opposition. A series of resolutions were adopted defining ■ the principles of the party, and declaring their de votion to the Constitution and the Union. They declared their opinion that the public lands are the common property of all the States, and that in all , I legislation iu relation to them this doctrine should be maintained. With regard to the Presidency, the resolutions . propose to appomt electors for each of the nine Congressional districts, and one for the State at large, and recommended the Damnation of the Hon. Robert Strong for Vice President. The resolutions also declare that the Democratic party of North Carolina will adhere to the Compro mise if faithfully carried out, but will not support any candidate tor the Presidency who withholds a full and explicit avowal of the approval thereof, and expresses a determination to faithfully enforce them. Albany, May 16.—Extensive preparations are making here by the Government to give Kossuth a splendid reception on Tuesday next, when he is expected to arrive. ■ New York. May 16.—The delegates elected at the recent Whig Primary meeting in the different Congressional districts of the city met last night to choose delegates to the National* Convention. Iu the Third Distict there was a split, the Fillmore men electing Jas. AY. Reek man and the Scott men, Wm. L. Shard well. In the Seventh District a Fillmore delegate was chosen. In all the other districts no choice was effected. The Whigs of the Tenth Congrcsssional District, composed of Orange and Sullivan Counties, have elected a Scott Delegate to the AATiig National Convention. Oswego, May 14.—Tioga county has elected Fillmore delegates to the District Convention. Boston, May 15. — In the House this morning, the bill for further protection of persona! liberty came up on its engrossment and -was defeated by 11 majority. The bill, had it became a law, woulcl have conflicted directly with the Fugitive Slave Law. Boston, May 16. —The Nantucket papers report that pieces of the wreck of a new vessel, with sun dry articles of the cargo were washed ashore them i and it was feared that a clipper ship for California I hud been wrecked and all on hoard lost. The sixth trial to elect a Mayor of Lynn failed i yesterday. From the Charleston Courier—By Telegraph. Baltimore, May 17. —'1 he steamship liiin/hn % with the California mails of April 18th, one rmilu u and a halfofgqld dust and 320 passengers, has ar rived at New York. New Granada has declared war against all nations that may assist Flores’ Revolutionary Government. Troi Js (Stewart’s ?) Sugar Refinery in New York has been destroyed by fire. The loss is estimated at SBOO,OOO. Mr. Fitz Henry Warren, the Assistant Postmas ter General, has resigned. In New York on Monday 4000 bales of Cotton were disposed of at from 9% a 9%c. for middling. In Baltimore Flour has declined to $4.C6. Baltimore, May 18.—In New York to-dav, Tues day, 3000 bales of Cotton were sold at from 9% to 9% cents for Middling—an advance of an 400 tierces of Rice changed hands at from §4 12 to |4.25. New Orleans, May IT.—Cotton was brisk this morning, and already 5000 bales have been sold at ti PJ^ es *. Middling was worth cents, n e At.antie’s advices appear in the evening pa pers. Sales of Rice have been made at 4% centa per lb. New Orleans, May 17.—0 n monday 5000 hales of Cotton were sold at cutsido prices. Since the reception of the Atlantic's advices Strict Middling is worth from 8% to 9% cents. Other descriptions below that quality are unchanged. 150 tierces of Rice were sold at 4% cents per lb. Corn has ad vanced 2 cents, and 40,000 bushels have changed hands at from 45 to 50 cents. CABINET-MAKING and UNDERTAKING. Hcaffin, at his stand, second door below the • Eagle and Phoenix Hotel, respectfully informs hi* friends and the public, that he still continues the above business in all its branches. He keeps on hand a large as sortment of Mahogany and other Coffins, of all kinds and sizes, which he offers on the most reasonable terms.— Shrouds and Sheets constantly on hand. —A LS O Wire Safes, an assortment of fine Cages, and a Chair for Invalids. All orders will meet with prompt attention. my!9dtf ITfiLOUR. —160 bbis. Croton Mills, just landed, for sale by 1 mylS-3t GEO. AV. LEWIS. ATyANTED TO HIRE, a good Cook, Washer and ▼ V Ironer, AVages paid monthly. Inquire at this of fice. mylS-i*
