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CHRONICLE & SENTINEL.
BY WILLIAM S. JONES,
DULY, WW|T»t' A!BP WEER.LT* 1.
TEBK3:
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speech" of - hon. ebeTnewton
OF OHIO.
Is THE HoCSE QtrEB§aESENTATIVE3 f Amu, 20, 1852,
in Favor of the Establishment of an Agricultural
Bureau.
mm* [conclcdsd.]
opinions entertained by Presidents suc
ceeding Mr. Adams, down to the time of Mr.
Polk, 1 have not the time to examine critically in
relation to their particular views, further than to
copy a single sentence of President Jackson, in ■
the commencement of his third annus! message:
“ Agriculture, the first and moat important oo
cupation of man, has compensated the labors of !
the husbandman with plentiful crops of all the va
ried products of our extensive country.”
President Folk, in his fourth annual message,
says;
“ With the repeal of the prohibitory and re
strictive duties of the act of 1842, the great and im
portant interests of agriculture, which had been
not only too much neglected, but actually taxed,
under the protective policy, for the benefit of oth
er interests, have been relieved es the burdens
which that policy imposed on them} and our far
mers and planters, under the more just and liberal
commercial policy, are finding new end profitable
markets abroad for their augmented products.” 1
That part of the President's message was refer- j
red to the Committee ou Agriculture ; and a very |
full report emanated from tuat committee, show
incWlearly that the farming interests had received ;
aid at all under the law of 1340, over that of j
3842. Thie subject I cannot now consider, and
all 1 introduce it for is to show his opinion, that j
that interest had been too long neglected.
The agricultural societies that sprang up during
the life of General Washington, died away at his ;
death; aad, within the last few years, have been j
again revived and increased; the particulars of ;
which I will, by and by, show, and with them the i
public attention again .nailed to the original ob- \
iect of General Washington.
What a happy thing ttia for this Government, ,
that the crowded paje pfhiatory, after nearly tlx- |
ty years, can be reviewed with oo much satlsfac- ;
tion and profit! . „ _ !
President Torlor, in his annual message of De- :
« rectlvto this subject, in the following manner:
Sit: “ iso direct aid has been given by the General
Government? to the improvement of agriculture,
f*' except by the expenditure of small sums for the
collection and publication of agrirtltural statistic*,
and for some ohcmioaipanalysis, which have boon
made, thus far, paid out of the patent fund. This
aid is, in my opinion, wholly inadequate. To give
to this leading branch of American industry the
encouragement which it merits, I respectfully re
recommoud the establishment of au agricultural
bureau, to bs Connected with the Department
of the Interior. To elevate the soaial condition of
the agriculturist. to increase hi^prosperity, and te
extend 3!f moans of usefulness to his country, by
f multiplying hie sources of information, be
I the study of everwhtatosmaa, and a primary object
with every legislator.”
Upon this message, and resolutions of several
I State Legislatures, Vermont, New York, (nearly
or quite unanimous,) Massachusettoa, Tennessee,
Pennsylvania, Alabama, and State Boards of Ohio
and New York, and of agricultural societies, and
also petitions, extensively, from individuals, a bill
[r from the minority of the Committee upon Agrioul
§« ture was presented to the House on tho Slot of
July, 1860, to establish an agricultural bureau,
ami laid upon tho table; and there it remained and
was never called up; and from all this mass of evi
dence, and the weight of its influence, and tho de
mands and wants of more than miJ-li-wa
.of p eople—this little bill, from the minority of the
committee, is the product, and the only product.
May not the fanners of the country be constrained
to cry out, “ -Our voice is not heard; our prayers
are not regarded; our interests are passed over
Mk with too indifference?”
Wlthnidhelast two years, that prophetic dec
- v,. laration of General Washington, that smaller sooia-
I ties must move the nation, to which I before refer
' red, is being more strongly demonstrated. New
% .York Iras a State society, and from seventy to
eighty county societies. Pennsylvania has from
' . twelve to twon:y county societies, and many group
ed together. Ohio ha* a State eociety, and seventy
county societies, ilartfachuselts has twelve socie
ties, and in many of those societies several coun
ties together. Michigan has twenty county socie
ties. Indiana, a State society. Kentucky, five
cauuty societies. Georgia, a State society, and fif
teen county societies. South Carolina has six
county societies. Virginia has e State society, and
three county societies. Maryland, a St-.le society,
and four county societies. Vermont, a State socio
tv, and four county societies, and was the first
Agfa to ask to establish a National board. Now
Hampshire, a State society, and eight or nine coun
ty societies, and ah-o asked Congress to establish a
board. Connecticut, a number of county socie
ties. Eliode Island has also passed resolutions
asking Congress to establish a board. Maine has
six county societies. lowa, 6 State society, and
*sx or eight county societies. Wisconsin, a State
society. Illinois, three county societies. Tennes
see has some county societies, and two years since
unanimously recommended a National beard. Flo
' rida has passed a resolution for a National board.
Louisiana, in 1843 passed slaw for a bureau.
President Fillmore, in full view of the inef'eas
ing agricultural interests of tire country, and with
groat practical wisdom, on the 2d day* of Decem
ber 1850, made the following recommendation :
L “ More than three fourths of our population are
engaged in the cultivation of the soil. The com
rcercial, manufacturing, and navigating interests
are all, to a great extent, dependent ou the agri
cultural. It is, therefore, the most important in
terest of the nation, cud has a just claim to the fos
tering care and protection of tho Government, so
far as they can cun be extended consistently with
the provisions of the constitution. As this can
not be done by tho ordinary modes of legislation,
I respectfully recommend the establishment of an
agricultural bureau, to be charged with the duty
of giving to thia leading branch of American in
dustry the encouragement which it so well deserves.
In view of immense mineral resources of our coun
try, provision should al jo be made for the employ
ment of a competent mineralogist and chemist,
who should be required, under the direction of
the head of the bureau, to collect specimens of the
various minerals of our country, and to ascertain,
by careful analysis, their respective elements and
properties, ana their adaption to useful purpeaea.
Ho should also be required to examine and report
upon the qualities of different soils, and the ma
cures best calculated to improve their productive
ness. By publishing the results of such experi
ments, with suitable explanations, and by the col
lection and distribution of rare seeds and plants,
with instructions na to the beet system of culti
vation, much may be done to promote this great
national interest.'’
Upon this message, last year, la the House,
no bill was reported, or action had. In tho Sea- j
ate a bill was reported, but no action.
Secretaries lowing and Stuart, in their annual
reports, both strongly recommended aboard.
At this Session, President Fillmore again makes
the following recommendation:
“ Agriculture may justly be regarded aa the
great interest cfour people. Four fifths of our so- j
tivo population are employed 5a the cultivation of ;
tho soil, and the expansion of our settlements over j
new territory is daily adding to the number of those
engaged in that vocation. Justice and sound pol- j
icy, therefore, alike require that tho Government :
should use all the means authorized by the Con
stitution to promote the interests and welfare of
that important class of our follow-oil;ions. And
yet it is a singular fact that, whilst tho manufactu
ring and commorci .1 interests have engaged the
, attention of Congress during a large portion of eve
ry session, and our statutes abound in provisions
for their protection and encouragement, little has
yet been done directly for the advancement of ag
riculture. It is time that this reproach to our leg
islation should be removed ; and I sincerely hope
that the present Congress will not close their la
bors without adopting efficient means to supply
the omissions of those who have proceeded them.
An agricultural bureau, charged with tho duty
of collecting and diseminating correct information
aa to the beet modes of cultivation, and of the most
effectual means of preserving and restoring the
fertility of the soil, and of procuring and distribu
ting seeds and plants and other vegetable produc
tions, with instructions in regard to the soil, cli
mate, and treatment best adapted to their growth,
could not fail to be, in the language of Washing
ton, in his last annual message to Congress, a “ very
cheap instrument of immense national benefit.’”
And is it not due to his official relation, after his
repeated recommendation, that we act either for
or against it ?—and which way ?is the question.
General Washington, Mr. Jefferson, Mr. Madi
«on, Mr. Monroe, and Mr. Adams, for a period of
thirty-six years consecutively, all recommended an
improvement of agriculture, or national schools;
and the same principles and powers are involved
in each of their recommendations, and no one of
the subsequent Presidents advising against it; Mr.
Taylor ana Mr. Fillmore strongly recommending,
and their Secretaries ; the resolutions of legisla
tures, petitions of agricultural societies and of the
people and the interest of eighteen millions of
our inhabitants, yea, of the whole, I ask, if all this
?combined is entitled to anv attention,, to any con
sideration 1 It has received but very little. But 1
Atn told thore is a Patent Office, an 4 t»e termers
ore abundantly enlightened with the crumbs that
fall from its table. The Patent Office, until 18*1,
during General Jackson's administration, when ho
©ailed Mr. Ellsworth to it, was a burlesque, and is i
now, upon farming, compared with tho wants of
this great nation. My. Ellsworth was a practical
farmer; but he had all to do, and nothing to do
with. Ho was the first in that office to give any
attention to agriculture. But tho first appropria
tion for that object svas in 1839, SI,OOO, tor cdllcc- j
ting agricultural statistics; in lsi2, SI,OOO ;in 1843 ;
$2,000; in 1844, $2,000; iu 1845, $8,000; in 1847,
$3,000; in 1848, $3,500; in 1819, $3,500; in 1850, !
$4,500; in 1851, $5,500; total, $29,000 in seventy- t
five years. The cost of printing is not included, \
and cannot bo ascertained, as the report of the
Commissioner wea all published in one volume
until the last two years. What can this small pit
tance do for this great nation f Scarcely enough iu
any one year to defray the ordinary expenses of
correspondence.
The fund is to he distributed by the Commis
sioner of Patents, who is not selected for his
knowledge of agriculture, (whose main business is
•f a different character, and more than he can do,) |
and may or may not bo acquainted with it. The j
business must therefore do done by an unac
credited agent. Where is our agricultural depart
ment ? Pent, up in the cellar of the Patent Office,
and cannot be found at mid-day without a candle;
and when found, a single clerk, struggling to get
up the report. When it is up and out, there are !
; but four hundred volumes for each Congressional :
j district of one hundred thousand population, and
; that a reading people; and there is more call for
, this document than all others of a public character,
and fast gaining in reputation from editors over
the Onion and the public generally, inadequate ae
it is.
There is no country tho mind is so in- i
quisitivo and information so generally desired and j
possessed as in America. Travel over the whole I
world and return, and the truth is seen and felt |
more palpably. To us the masses of the world are j
looking for improvement, physically and morally, j
and for it they seek us in thousands daily. In the
U. States there are but about thirty agricultural
periodicals published, and there are five hundred
thousand copies taken and read by the people—a
mere drop to the ocean. There are agricultural
1 journals iu the State of New York that have six
I times greater circulation than any single paper of
i tbs kind in Europe. This only show* how great i
! the thirst we ought to assist in gratifying. In j
! America there is not an agricultural school allied or |
1 patronized bv the Government; and, in fact, it
miy be said, there is none at all. Some are just be- |
i ginning to straggle for life, but the faint, feeble
■ feeling of the General Government infuses itreif
i into every part of its great family and paralyses the
1 whole body. There is not what may bo regarded
j as a text-book in any branch of agriculture or rural
I economy in America.
Compare what America as a nation has done with
) what ban been done by other nations. I can but
glance at it. Russia has in all Bixty-eight schools
I and colleges. She fas an agricultural institution
j with forty college buildings, occupying three thou
i sand acres of land, and attended by several thou
! caud ctudente, The Agricultural Society of St.
* Petersburg!} was established by Queen Catharine.
There are under the patronage of the French Gov
ernment seventy school farms, besides five first
class colleges, iu which professors are employed to
lecture ou bdany, zoology, chemistry, agriculture,
and the treatment of diseases in cattle; ou the oul
: ture of woods, forests, Ac. These sre supported
i throughout the country. National establishments
j for tho improvement of breeds of stock, and col
. legos for tne education ofvoteri nary surgeons, and
investigating the uses of ali discoveries contemplat
ed for agricultural improvement. The Govorn
i meat expend in three veterinary schools a year for
I instruction 754,200 franc*; for instruction in agri
culture, 2,781,463 francs; for encouragement in
agriculture, 700,000 francs; improvement in the
, breeds of horses and science connected with it
’ alone, 1,776,400 franc*. The requirements for ad
i mission into these veterinary schools are as follows;
• The applicant must be not leas than seventeen
! years of age, and not over twenty-five, and have
j the following qualifications : to be able to forge a
horse or os rdioe after two heatings—pass an ex
amination in the French language, arithmetic, and
geography, and after four years' study, is permit
ted to practice voter nary surgery, and receive a
diploma. In Belgium great attention is paid to
the subject. There ire an hundred agricultural
schools'or colleges established by tho Government
—a high school of veterinary surgery. The science
of agriculture is tho most fashionable in the king
dom. They have their palaces furnished more or
less with rare specimens of the product of tho laud,
sad are farmed like a garden. These facts I know,
having traveled over oonaidcrablepart of that coun
try. In Saxony they have five schools; iu Bavaria
thirty-five ; in Wurtemberg seven; in Austria thir
ty-three; in Prussia thirty-two ; in Italy two; in
Scotland two; in Ireland sixty-three. The one at
Glassnevin, near Dublin, I visited. It now con
sists of ore hundred and tweaty-oight acres of good
i land, and convenient buildings, and are about to
i add to their farm, and increase their buildings so
! as to accommodate one hundred or more students,
j With the teacher, Mr. Donaghy, I became ac
; quainted. He is an intelligent, practical man. With
I him I viewed the farm, and their farming and
i buildings, Ac.; and it is carried on very euccess
: fully. These schools are doing more for Ireland
! than any other attention the Government is giving
j them. They have college? and agricultural schools
i in England,'sustained by the Government—some
j four or five with large farms attached to them—
l where all tho science? connected with the general
j business are taught with great perfection, and mil
lions of money each year invested in the general
science of agriculture by tho nation. It is an in
vestment and not an expenditure. Other countries
are engaged in tho same business, but I cannot go
further into detail. Sufficient is said to draw a
parallel between their views and our?. Abroad
they invest millions each year, in a country not
larger than an average of onr Slates. Here, in all
our country, for seventy-five years, for the general
object wo have ezpen led $29,000.
I come now to consider the provisions of the bill
; proposed by your committee. We present what
! we suppose could be passed, rather than what the
! capacity and want* of the country in ail respects
■ required. It is in tie mast unexceptionable shape
: we could devise and mature.
The first section provides that there shall be es-
I tablished, at the scat of Government of the United
i States, an agricultural bureau, the head of which
i shall be called “the Commissioner of Agriculture,”
! whose term shall bo four years, appointed by the
j President, with the consent of tho Senate, and
shall receive a yearly salary of $3,000.
The second section provides that the Commis
! gioner shall collect agricultural statistics; procure
and distribute valuable grains, seeds, cuttings,
buds, and tubers; procure and put in operation a
chemical laboratory at a cost notexceeding $2,000,
and cause <o be made all desirable analyses of min
erals and mineral waters, and such as relate to the
composition and improvement of soils, and to col
lect information of ti e same, and of the propor
tions and uses of soils; feeding of domestic ani
mals ; preparation and preservation of provisions
and breadstuff*; the culture of cotton, rice, corn,
wheat, flax, hemp, and sugar, and such manufac
! turos as mav be directly connected with agricul
ture and arise immediately out of agricultural pro
ducts ; and to prepare and make, annually, a full
report to Congress, containing an account of such
experiments s? may have been made, and such
useful information as he may have obtained in the
duties of his office; and all the duties appertaining
to agriculture shall bo transferred from the Patent
Office to this.
The third section provides that thore shall be
appoinbed by tho Commissioner a chemist, at a
salary of $3,000; a chief clerk, at a salary of $1,600 ;
one recording dork, $1,000; and one rffbscongor,
$750 a year.
Here is abillaa simple and plain as tha elements
! of our express and explicit as lan
j guage ran make it in all its details, and embracing
I r.n outlay of $10,850. Tbo general policy of tho
nation appears to be agricultural ratherkhan manu
facturing ;to buy our merchandise ratiter than to
make it. Many of those who h&vo been engaged
! in manufacturing must turn their attention toagri
! culture for want of other business It is the main
! business in which foreigners, as they come to pur
; country, can engage. Our new country is being
| opened and settled rapidly with enterprising sar
i mere.
There is a general increased attention to agri
culture within the last few year? over the world.
More has boon done ia Europe in six years than
has been in twenty before to improve it; more in
American in five years past than in forty-five be
fore. Since the present session began, four States
have passed resolutions, almost unanimous, as I
am informed, asking the organization—Florida,
New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Indiana.
The present proposition is not a new principle,
but only an improvement upon our present policy.
Last year, SS,SO 1 ) was appropriated ; now we only
ask the appropriation o be distributed by an ac
credited agent. Every member of this House,
who has or will bestow any attention to the man
ner in which the business is now done, can but sco
that some improvement is necessary. The first
and most obvious one would appear to be, a dis
connection from the Patent office. It does not
appear to have any more necessary connection
with it than jt would have with tho \Var or Navy
Office.
All communications upon this business are ad
dressed to the Patent office, and from the vast
amount of the business of that office, these com
munications pan receive only a passing and inci
dental attention, and passed to the cleik of agri
culture, who is only temporally employed to do !
tho business. He may be only engaged for one
month, or for six, or for twelve. The appropria
tion is only for a year, and it may end entirely at
the end of tbo year. There may be twelve differ
ent clerks employed in the year, and each one
have a different mode of doing the business. No
method or system is required, aad no one has any
obieet er credit to make it systematic and method
ical. Detach it from its pretent connection, and
you necessarily require that the duties be defined,
and that some one take charge. It is objected by
some of the General Government should not in
terfere, for it belongs to the (states. The States
refuse with precisely the same reason and force
i that induce the Government to decline, and say
that it docs not belonar to them, but individuals J
should do it. Individuals refuse, because the i
States and General Government refuse, and the.o i
ia nothing done. Thor® is not a township in the ;
United States where an improvement connected '
with agriculture is proposed, that a majority of j
the farmers would not refuse co-operation, also, |
from the influence the national negative would I
have. Such is a nation’s influence, and such it* j
j examples upon the people; and has been through i
our whole history. The science of agriculture
sprang up in the days of Washington, Jefferson, !
Swiss, and others, and struggled for a common
head and a common fountain, that might supply j
j all the streams of commerce and want over the j
i laud, and for want of it withered away. It has
sprung up since, and strove for the same objects,
and died away from the same cause. It ia now
springing np again, and extending as our common ,
! country has extended and increased, and as our j
| common wants multiply and extend—is making 1
j a vigorous effort, and calling loud, long, and often, !
; upon the nation for this common head, this com- j
i mon fountain; and if it is repulsed and fail, its fate j
| will be the same, yea, worse, for it is loaded with !
j the weight of many defeats, and the wails of many j
! millions.
Nations stand to States and individuals as pa- j
' rents do to their offspring; and with us this rela- i
tion is exceedingly forcible, numerous* and endear- j
| iig; for our children are increasing, as the sands ;
of the sea, and seem to be severing the whole i
earth. Already tueir cries tor aid, protection, and ‘
; instruction reach us tro.u the Rocky Mountains.
This relation imposes rwciprccal duties and obliga- |
I tions from one to the other. From ns to our off- j
' spring, aid, protection, and instruction, and from j
| them to us fidelity. And may this relation, i
: through all time, be preserved, cherished, sad
cemeiitcd. The children, yes, the children of this |
great agricultural family ask, yea, importune the
parent, the nation, for a head, for a fountain, to
which they can ok for instruction, science, and
| wisdom, to guide them in their infancy, and sustain
| them in old age. Do not repel us with the nega
j live—that the family ia numerous, the wants many,
i and the expenses great. Wo reply, you begat us,
i end hear us; you have scattered us over the face of
i the earth, to you alone can wo look, and to you
1 will we cling.* Grant the prater, and the proteo
i tion is vitriol©, and the fidelity enduring. But I
; am told agriculture should be free, unprotected,
! untaught. Those terms free, freed cm, and free
j trade, in their latitudinoua and indiscriminate use,
| arc as unmeaning and suicidal as it would be for
! a nation to let loose and unbridle all the passions
i and propensities of her subjects, and the reins of
j her goverem®nt; nr for a parent to say to his child,
j at its birth, go, be free to your maturity; or for the
agriculturist to dig out the bowels of the earth and
| return nothing to it, and turn it off because it is
j worn out. No, this will never do. The agricultu
i rist asks for nothing that interferes with the geuer
-1 al well-digested of any member of this body.
| We only ask for the scientific influence and power
| of the Government, to aid and direct all our vari
; ous avenues of freedom and enterprise away from
i the shoals and quicksands that beset our path,
without a chart or compass. We propose only to
furnish at. the seat of Lrovernment, where all our
nation centers, where all other nations center to
transact business, a scientific organ or agent of our
own creation, to analyse our soil and accumulate
information in the manner we propose, and send
! it over the country broadcast, in the shape of re
i ports, for the benefit and improvement of the
■ masses.*
Permit me to give a single instance of the result
of analyzing soils in our immediate vicinity, which
I got from the public- journals, and from Mr. John
son him.-elf.
lion. Reverdy Johnson in 154$ bought a farm
near Baltimore, so poor that the last crop of corn
would not yield a peck to the acre, and all plants
| and vegetables growing upon the two hundred
| acres would not make a load of manure. He ap-
I plied to a chemist, who analyzed the soil, and
1 found all the elements of fertility except phospho
j ric acid, and no trace of that. lie recommended
j a preparation of bones, which was applied at an
: expense of ten dollars an acre. Health was re
stored to the deserted soi', and the next crop was
| twenty-nine bushels of wheat to the acre. That
| soil is’of a similiar character to all the poor and
! partially-deserted soil about this region. Who
; Knows, and who may not rationally infer from
this single example, that your chemist in a single
i year, in your own neighborhood, may not earn
I and save enough to this nation to pay his salary
: for fifty years.
Bat I am told by some honorable members of
oar committee, for whom I entertain a high regard,
j that the plan is unconstitutional. What! Is it to
| be said that America is the largest land holder in
| the wold, and yet the poorest farmer ? and that
i there is no remedy, no cure; f®r she has engrafted
into her own organic law, seeds, the fruit of which
will produce he" own decay and destruction ? No.
It is a mistskc; it cannot be.
The length of my remarks forbid dwelling long
j upon this.
1 have already said, by this plan we propose
; nothing new, only an improvement upon our
i adopted policy. We have the same power to do
this, that we have to establish the Navy, War, and
other departments, and bureaus, to transact our
business the same power, as to employ hands
constantly to improve and ornament tk® public
grounds at Washington. The science we pro
pose to accumulate and diffuse, by this agency, i*
as directly applicable to the Government and its
prosperity and welfare as it is to individuals and
their welfare. Your coasts, and geological surveys,
and avast variety of others, are of the same char
acter and family, except that those are more local
: in their effects, and this more general, and tbere
; fore le-'s objectionable. To apply this construo-
I tion to the great agricultural interest ©f the country,
when it is not extended to any other interest be
sides, would be strange indeed. But the Consti
tution provides that Congress may do whatever is
necessary for the general welfare of the United
States. This question resolves itself into one of
tact, and not of law. Suppose it became necessary
to cut a ditch, as an outlet to a million acres of
swamp land, belonging to the Government, now
■ I worth nothing, but by it worth five dollars an acre,
i could it not be done ? We have power to make all
' | needful rules and regulations respecting the terri-
I to* v and other property of the United States. This
! bureau relates dircotly to the elements of our soil
and its improvement, as docs the ditch, or the or
i namental trees and shrubs of your public grounds.
America 1 towards whoa 'a kind Providence
; hath been more bountiful than to all the sons of
j men before thee—thou who art, and art to bo the
; teacher of all the nations of the earth—and whose
1 sons are to be the citizens of the whole inhabitable
1 globe—whose united wisdom is the admiration of
' tho world— whose united strength, the giant of the
world—do not scorn the earth that gave thee this
rich heritage ; do not, I beseech you, add another
j negative to the long catalogue that bath stained
I each bright page of oar history—do not longer dis
, | regard the recorded counsel of our departed yet
I present counsellor. Do not again smite tho earth.
1 lest she cry out, “ Why hast thou smitten me these
seventy times? Am I not thy servant that hath
clothed and fed thee ever since I was thine ? Do
not permit the stranger to gaze upon your greatness
and ray deformity.” Awake from the long night
of slumber, and' strive for our future prosperity.
And of the recorder, who hath recorded this bright
page of our past history, may 1 inquire, “ What of
the future ? • I fear the response, and will with
draw the interrogatory.
Later from Texas.— By the arrival of the steam
er A. Fuselier, Capt. Denslow, from Texas, we
have Galveston dates to the 11th inst.
Two light-houses, made entirely of iron, one
intended for Bolivar Point, the other for Pass
Cavallo, arrived ar. Galveston in the brig Russell,
on the Bth inst. The frame of the first will have
; an elevation of sixty-five feet from the foundation
! and about eighty feet above tho level of the sea.
i Tho other will not be so high by ten feet. Tho
; lights, it is thought will be seen at a distance of
j eighteen or twenty miles. Tho materials and
I workmen came out in the brig to put up tho houses
| in six or eight weeks.
The Galveston News says Carvajal and many
of his followers are now in Corpus Christi, and
intend to make soon another demonstration on
the Mexican frontier.
Tho Rio Bravo says the Camanchcs are devasta
ting the Rio Grande country, by frightful murders
ana constant robberies. Both the M®xican and
American population are, in many instances,
abandoning their houses and seeking safety by
flying into Mexico. A Mr. Patton, one of a guard
escorting the sheriff of Star countv, having fallen
behind the party when near tho liio Grande, was
attacked by four Mexicans and killed. Three es
the murderers escaped ; the other was arrested.
The Galveston News contains the following
correspondence from Roma, on the Rio Grande,
dated the 241 h ult.:
There has been a proposition before the Mexi
can Government to tho effect that instead of the
maritime line being as heretofore the west bank of
the Rio Grande, it shall now be removed back
sixty miles to the mountains, so that they may be
able to pal an effectual stop to smuggling. This
policy, il put in execution, will be the closing
scene to business in this valley. This is a master
ly effort of the British houses in the city of Mexi
co, having introduced their goods through the
custom-houses ®f Vera Cruz and Tampico, paying
the regular duty, and they now' find that smug
gling is carried on to so great an extent on. this
line that it is impossible for them to compete.
Heretofore the commercial houses of tho cities of
Camargo, St. Louis, Zacatecas, Guanajuato, the
richest portions of the republic, have always pur
chased their goods at the capital. But now that
j immense trade has been drawn to Monterey, and
instead of goods being sent, as heretofore, from
the capital to Monterey, they are now sent from
Monterey to the capital.— JV. 0. Pit., KVA in**.
Case Hatteras. — Tho “Philadelphia correspon
dent of the Baltimore Sun says that Mesers. Mer
rick &Son are constructing tor the government a
curious structure, in the shape of an Iron boat,
which is to be moored off Cape Hatteras and sus
tain a bell which the motion of tho waves will cause
to ring and in that way give notice to the mariners
approaching that coast during tho fogs that fre
quently occur., of their proximity to danger.
run IS lIiIPIIII»IMULBIMttMIMMMU.J*JBIWW IUIWIII II 111 Sill HI I
Ckonicle if Sentinel. 1
o
AUGUSTA. GEORGIA.
o-
I FRIDAY MORNING MAY 21, 18*2.
Cotton.
j Tim subjoined extract from the London corres
pondence of the Rational Intelligencer, is full of
! interest to tho Cotton planters of this country, and
1 may serve, in some degree, to dispel the fears in
dulged by some of an overproduction, if they are j
entertained since the development of the late crop, !
and the continued high price of the raw material, :
; in tho face of the largest crop ever mado in j
i America. These two facts conclusively prove that j
i the consumption is and will bo fully equal to the
i production of a crop of three millions Dale*, whiie
: the world at peace and generally prospcrous_
i It is not surprising, therefore, that so sagacious I
i and intelligent a body as the Chamber of Com
! mere© of Manchester should feel some solicitude
: for the greater production. Bence the earnest
| ness with w r hich they press upon the oonsidera
tion of the Government the importance andueces
; sity of attempting to increase tho sources and the j
j extent of the area of its production, by enoourag
| iug the same in the English colonies,
j Nor is this extract less interesting as illustrating
i the opinion entertained by the Manchester Cham
ber of Commerce, in reference to the successful
production of the celebrated “ F lax Cotton,' ot
which we have recently heard so much. It is vary
apparent that they are incredulous as to its success- I
ful competition in any respect with the American I
Cotton, else they would urge the production ot
Flax, which would directly enrich England, Ire
land, Scotland and Wale* —which they worn !
I greatly prefer to the prosperity of more remote
j colonies. Besides the growth ot flax is no experi
j meat in either, and its culture could be exteusivo
| ]y engaged in vrithout risk, if the Flax Cotton was
. j likely to be adopted to any considerable extent as ;
a substitute for Cotton :
«• The importance of increasing the number of
the sources and the extent of the area from j
whence the raw material cotton can be derived ■
the use of the British manufacturers is becoming
every day more apparent, and is ev®ry day more
emphatically insisted upon. Mr. Baziey, the
Chairman of the Chamber of Commerce at Manches
ter, has been lately lecturing upon it before Prince |
Albert and the Society of Arts. Mr. Baziey ;
i stronglv urged the necessity ot encouraging, by |
j all possible means, the growth of cotton in the
i British, colonies; this necessity was rendered
■ every day more urgent by ‘the limited supply j
from the United States and the increased corape
tition in tho manufacture of cotton.’ They qoe®“ j
tion Is widely aud ably discussed in tho principal ;
English iournais, and we think the general tone ot |
these discussions leads directly to the inference :
that it must be many years before th* cotton mins
. I of Lancashire can depend upon receiving any ma- j
i terial proportion of the raw material from any *
•tber source than tho United Slates. If this bo
so sad you cannot increase your cotton-growing
. lands, nor, bv improved cultivation, increase the |
produce of tli* present cotton producing area, it w |
, evident that the price of tho raw materia! must 1
' rise, from the combined effects of a limited and ,
I stationary supply and an increased demand.
The following are some of the striking tacts con- .
; nected with the cotton question :
In 1800 the raw cotton imported into Great Britain
Amounted to 5b,000,000 pounds.
: In 1815 to 100,000,000 “
1 | In 1825 to 400,000,000
: I In 1851 to 700,000,000
' or about 1.000 tons a day. For no less than seyen
• teen-twentieths of this raw cotton Great Britain is
I j indebted to the United States, the remainder being
' i received from India, Brazil, and Egypt. About
' • one-seventh part of the whole amount oi cotton
I imported into Great Britain is exported again in
» tho raw state ; therefore six hundred millions of
1 pounds are manufactured —or at least were manu
' factur®d during the last year--in tho British facto
ries, wher® they give employment to a million and
; a half of people. The Cotton thus used is disposed
[ j of in something like the following proportions :
1 One-tenth wasted in the process of manufacture,
in refuse, &o. Os the remaining 550,000,000
pounce, one-fourth i? worked up for home oon
r sumption, the other three fourths manufactured
’ iatogoeds for exportation. Tho value of the oot
, ton manufacture* of last year is estimated at
• 45,000,000 pounds, of which about two thirds are
, believed to have been paid in wages. About 800,-
i 000 tons of shipping are yearly employed by toe
various operations incident to the cotton trade.
k ! Every variation of a farthing In the pound upon
. i the price of the raw material affects the annual
1 j consumption of Great Britain at least £500,000
, 1 sterling. So perfect is the cott®n machinery of
England, Mr. Baziey says, it far exceeds that of
[ any other country, although France takes the lead
on fabrics, that cotton yarn has been produced so
' wonderfully fine in texture as to bo imperceptible
to tho naked eve unless placed upon a dark sur
face. The length of a hank of cotton in 840 yards;
it would require more than 2,000 hanks of this
grossamer cotton to weigh one pound. Twcnty-
I five pounds of this delicate fibre would encircle
the globe at the equator.
( T* is a curious tact in the statistic* of cotton,
that about 250,000 barrels of flour, costing about
r three-fourths of a million sterling, are consumed
! annually in the process of starching th© fibres
f j whilst being spun.
• I •
. Katb Pekbose, or Life and if* Leteor*, is the
i .
title of a new work by Mies Herbage, (a niece of
5 Jane Austen) which is said to bo well calculated to
1 assist parents in preparing their daughters for th®
trials and realities of life. For sale by Geo. A.
! Gate* dr Co.
f —■—
» The New York Express, speaking of th® iate re
\ ligious anniversaries celebrated in that city, says
f that in no way, perhaps, can a juster idea be had
s of the magnitude of their operations than by a
’ glance at the receipts of some of the societies for
the past twelvemonth, as follows ;
American Bible Society *803,744:31
k ! “ Tract Society 842,,353.93
H Board of Com. for For. Missions 211,062.54
M Sunday School Union 193,846.44
Home Missionary Society 160,662.85
'* Seamen’s Friend Society 23,160.64
> I “ Educational Society 86,240.18
i u Female Guardian Society 15,490.82
t “ and Foreign Christian Union 56,649-91
Magdalen Society 2,093.1 1
! Association for the Suppression of Gambling... 3'655,76
11,854,369.07
This dee* not include the receipts of sundry
Other societies, of which we have no reliable finan
cial data. The aggregate income, then, it is safe
j to estimate at fully a million and s half of dollars
*
i : Another Telegraph Rei>uct[ok.—The Northern
‘ I lines of telegraph are judiciously reducing their
| j charges for the transmission of message*, and we
i j doubt not that increased business will amply re
' munerate them for making the reduction. For
- ; instance, we see it stated that Bain's Merchants’ j
! line, between Boston and New York, having been
encouraged by tho great increase of business since i
their recent reduction to fifteen cents, have con- i
eluded to make etill another reduction in their i
tariff; which will in future be tea cents for the first j
ten words, and one cent for each additional word, j
to all stations on their line.
The Suspension Bridob at Niagara Falx*.—A ;
convention of railroad directors and bridge com- !
panics was hold at Niugra Falls last week, to settle I
permanently their plans for the construction of j
the Great Western and Rochester, Lockport and
Niagara Falls roads, and for building immediately :
a new and greatly enlarged suspension bridge, ,
which is to connect these two great thoroughfares. ;
Ex-Senator Haunegan, of Indiana, in an ailerca- I
tion recently with his brother-in-law, Capt. Dun- i
can, drew a knife and stabbed him, inflicting a
wound which resulted in death. The act was
committed whilst both were under tho influence
of liquor. They had previously been dose and in
timate frioude, Capt. D. residing with Mr. Hanne
gsn.
The Spirit-Bapping Delusion.—An exchange
paper says that six patients were admitted into i
! the Indian Insane Asylum within the past month
whose insanity hss been produced by the spirit j
rapping*. We should suppose that such an asylum j
would be the appropriate place for all the “Kip- j
per*.”
The Board of Aldermen of New York have ap
pointed a committee to tender to the Mayor and
Cerumen Council of Savannah, now in that city,
the usual courtesies and hospitalities of the city.
The Norfolk Herald states that the railroad
bridge at Weldon, N. C., has been completed and
the passenger and freight traii i* commenced run
ning over it on Saturday.
Science made Easy.
A correspondent of the Boston P»st hits off, |
very happily, the humbug of certain men who ua- |
dertake to make people belioTo that science and art j
can bo taught by a sort of galvanic shock—“ in
the twinkling of a bed post. ’ Ono man advertise*
to teach the art of penmanship in six hours—anoth
er that of drawing in one lesson, &c. &c., but none,
of them surpass Mr. Allgamonon, whoso quaLf'ca
tions arc not only described but certified to, be -
low:
Sere Method of J)rawing. —Professor Allgammon,
from Hamburg, respectfully announces that ho has j
invented a new method of’drawing, by which in a 1
single lesson of fifteen minutes duration, a pupil
is taught to draw with facility and infallibility, n#t
on!v tul creation, but whatever eise the lei tilitv ol
hi* mind may conceive of.
The old monochromatic method of instruction
which imparts to the pupil, thoiigh entirely igno
rant both of the practice and principles of art, the
ability to execute pictures comparable with the best
works of Claude, rouvs n, or Salvator, Is certainly
enlided to respect for its mighty strides in the ad
vaucement of nigh art; nevertheless, perfectibility
in this art is attained at too great a sacrifice of
time, twenty lessons of an hour each, being neces
sary lop-us the pupil thi -v/A, whereas by Professor
Allgammon’s system, higher capabilities are at
tained in almost no time at all, and the more igno
rant the pupil, the more free from mannerism aad
more original will be his performance.
Professor Allgammon having explained to me
his system of teaching drawing, I hesitate not to
sav tliat it can be acquired oven by those most ig
| n orant of pictorial art; nor can ignorance, however
i profound, fail to admire and appreciate a system
■ so perfectly suited to the progress of the age.
: * J Henry Quiz.
I quite concur ia what Mr. Quiz has said of Pro
| fessor Allgammou's system. Dan’l Quirk.
With regard to the above opinions I have only
i to eay, them’s my sentiments. Lewis Brief.
From the Baltimore American.
THIRTY-FIRST CONGRESS—FIRST SESSION.
IN SENATE, May 17.
Mr. Mar gum moved that when the Senate ad
j journ it be to two o’clockto-morrow, to give an op
, portunitvte attend Mrs, Adams’ funeral; which
j was modified to adjourn over to Wednesday, and
agreed to.
I Mr. Butler presented the memorial of the Ameri
j can Medical Society, recently in session at Rich
i mend, setting forth the deplorable condition of
1 emigrant passengers for want of medical atteu
| dance as required by law.
Mr. Underwood introduced a bill changing the
| mode of compensating Senator?, Representatives,
j and Delegates in Congress; allowing a salary ot
■ two thousand dollars per annum, and twenty cents
: per mile mileage, calculated upon air line by lati
: tude and longitude, deducting $lO per day for
| absence, except for sickness, to take effect from
| and after the 3d of March next.
The Senate then resumed the consideration of
! the Deficiency bill.
HOUSE.
On motion of Mr. Richardson, of 111., chairman
of the committee of territories, the House pro
ceeded with the special order for this week, being
the territorial business; when several bills were
put on their passage or otherwise disposed of.
! ’ On motion, the House agreed to adjourn until
' Wednesday in order to enable the members to at
tend the funeral of the deceased widow of Ex
| President John Quincy Adams.
! The House then wont into committee on the
’ special order, Mr. Stanton, of Tenn., in the chair,
i and took up bills relative to the Territories. The
1 first one of these was a bill authorizing the Govern
• or of New Mexico to call an extra session cf the
! Legislature of that Territory.
After several members had addressed the House
| on anything but the subject before it, an adjouru
! ment took place.
j Lamentable Delusion.—A melan- holy evidence
■ of hallucination, caused by the spiritual rapping
j absurdities, is exhibited by a long statement pre
i pared for the press by Judge Edmonds, of New
! York who has long occupied a prominent position
| in the political affairs of that State, having been
| State Senator. Judge of nearly or quite all the
| Court? of the State, from the lowest to the highest,
i and who is now a Judge of the Court of Appeals,
i the highest court of judicature in the State. The
; Philadelphia Ledger says:
“It seems that the Judge’s mind has been exer
cised of late of spiritualism, and by dwelling upon
the subject he found himself become impressible
as a medium. In this condition he h*s had inter
view? with the ghosts of Franklin, William Penn,
Sir Isaac Newton, and Sweedenborg. What is
I very curious, Sir Isaac was still engaged in eonsid
; eriiig the laws of gravitation, and Dr. Franklin
! was explaining spiritual manifestations by the
I ‘Odic Force.’ They were all ‘bright and shining
: spirits,’ After all this the medium had a glance
: among the wicked spirits, where he saw them nn
j.dcrgoing punishments, by fruitless efforts to gra
tify the passions they had been most swayed by on
j earth. Wo can imagine no more melancholy spec
| tacle than a once powerful mind driven to .
j verge of insanity by such a miserable impr .
Are not those who follow, as a profitab’ '
this business of deluding individuals w»' ; ; |. u *1
rappings, knocking*, visions from th oVhIJwIIS
and similar fraudulent exhibition* • ~, /
obtaining money under false pr l'’ f
_ Sure Ashore. -We regm tto ]earn that the Brit
New York'for ihi°p? " fron Liverpool vii
‘-o ~ ' ' T , l " f rt With a cargo of 8-500 sack;
Si?S«’.ontb S? ou Tnoaday about BP. M
of Bull’s Breakers. The steamei
’ t. ’ a.' ' s taod, spoke her yesterday on hei
i [' ♦!,; J G « ol U<?town, and brought theCaptair
i t rl V ■ The consignees, Messrs. Stuart Har
P 6. ! . *' >• upon learning the situation of the ves
sei, iu\rnediately chartered and despatched th<
9tear jer JaspcrCapt. Hayden to her assistance-wit!
s t* rce of hands. If the weather continues mod
erate it is hoped the ship maybe cat off withom
much injury.— Oh. Court
, A Plate Factory Burnt in Africa.— Advicet
from the coast of Africa to the Ist of March. atari
i that tlie town of Whydah has been recently burnt
j together with Hutton’s factory. After the fire
there were discovered in the ruins of the town th<
i chared remains of 150 slaves who had been uruibh
i to escape, owing to their being chained together bt
1 the neck. It is supposed they were collected to
gether ready for shipping. The town of Dahomey
where the King of that country resides, ie also to
ported to have been burnt.
| _ Ini Boston, the police officers are kent bn?y eaton
j ifig forgers. Thomai; Adams, a supposed forger
was arrested in that place Friday morning, in th<
Market bank. Officers Johnson and Butmai:
also arrested a m:m calling himself Nelson Felt, nr
a cnarge of attempting to pass a forged check
for f 1,000 upon the Cambridge Market Bunk. Tbt
check purported to be signed bv James Whitner
* Vfi-’ Boston, payable to Claflin <fc Co. Felt it
believed to be an accomplice of the person wh<
practiced a series of like operations on 'Wednes
day last, and who has not yet been identified.
In East Boston Mr. McKay has upon the stocks
i D l- / p’anked, a clipper of abo at 2,200 tons
I rv "’ , will be ready to be launched the last of rhif
| month. Sli© will be the largest as well as the
l merchant snip in the American marine
: Her length is 265 feet, breadth 43>£. depth 23
bhe js the sharpest ship ever built, at East Boston,
and cannot fail of being one of the fastest of the
clipper fleet.
The Syracuse Star say«, that a highly respecta
ble young lady of that city has I>een sent to the
I tica Lunatic Asylum, in oonscqinencc of aberration
of mind, caused by attending tin* rapping demon
strations in that city.
Shocking Railroad Accident and Lobs oi
Life.—J be ( *veland Plain D-*aier states that or
Tuesday last, a freight train o n the Michigan Ccn
tral ran road on me in collision wltli a passengei
tram at Niles, Michigan, by 'A'hich four Van; were
demolished, seven passengers killed, and ninety
wounded, thirty ot waom vnll die. The scena U
! described as heart rending. Arms, legs and ribs
were broken, and the mass, of human beings muti
lutea in every possible, tm.nner. The engineer and
nremen, who were saved b»y jumping from the train,
r ave been arrested and i mprisonedin Niles, and it
is smd the inhabitants a re determined to have their
conduct rigidly investigated.
, Ratlroad Accident The mail train from Phila
deiphia was thrown off the track about five miles
this side of irenton, ,ast evening, in consequence,
it is said, of the breaking of one of the axles of the
j forward ear. No person is reported to have been
seriously injured, although many of the passengers
j bruised, and the cars were ranch broken.
The tram was detained several hours, and the
mails did not reach the post, offices in this city until
one o’clock this morning.—A 7 ! i’. Com. Air.
Monday.
A f«w days since. Mr. Jossa Stout brought to on*
| » verv large jaw t»oth, that he plowed up in
his field. The face of the tooth was perfect when
find brought here, with the exception of a piece
of the enamel having been knocked off one side
by the plow, when it waa turned up. A piece of
the jaw oone was also found with the tooth. The
niCfcsuiea on the ircc over eight Inches the
long way, and over five inches across, and had cv-
Jyty 1 TO ° nged 8 animal.— Viet*.
Most Astounding Freak of Nature. — o 6 Frl
tae rthinat., post mortem examination was
h|id by Dr. Parkhnrst ©n the body of the widow
Amos in the town of Frankfort, Herki
rner county. N. Y., *g*d 77 years, and to the utter
astonishment of all present a full grown child was
found which she had carried for the term of forty
six years. It was ca?ed in a sort of bony or carti
laginous structure, except one leg and foot and
one elbow, which were entirely ossified.
I from the Baltimore American.
Still further by the Atlantic. m
The New York papers of Monday morning fur
nish details of the advices from Liverpool io the
sth inat:
Advices from Paris state that M. Leber:u, mem
ber of the Council General of the Pas do Calais,
bad refused to take the oaths to the President of
the Republic.
The government had abandoned the project of
an expedition to the Great Kahylift, in coi.sequenc*
; of the submission of the Zonavui ?.
! Advices from the Capo of Good Hope to the 17th
i of March have been received. Col. Yarborough.
i and Ensign Hibbert of the 91st, and Capt. Bram
! ley of the C’lpe Corps, have been wounded, and IS
i soldiers of the 91st and 74th regiments killed and
; wounded, in an attack up n some Ki.llir kraals in
| the Waterkloof. Sir 11. Smith left King William’s
; Town ou the 4th of March, with the intention of
i attacking the enemy’s fastnesses.
; Accounts from Madrid announce that some of
j the principal bankers in that city had proposed,
with the aid of certain foreign capitalists, to con
struct a railroad forthwith from the Bidassoato tht
Ebro.
The accounts of the state of trade in England
are satisfactory. At Manchester ‘here has been a
steady business at firm price?. Eeruiingham con
tinues to afford every practical sign of increasing
prosperity. At Nottingham the temporary change
in the weather produced the activity that was ex
pected; and the orders received from America
hnve been very good. In the woollen districts the
course of trade —although still comparatively quiet
—was much more favorable than could be expect
ed from the complaints in which the manufacture-a
i have indulged for some months pest. The Irish
j linen market was without alteration, but there have
I been a fair amount of transactions, with a slight
tendency towards an advance in quotations.
The weekly reviews from the Amsterdam and
Rotterdam produce market state that the demand
for coffee having increased, advanced prices had
been paid, and were well supported.
The Paris Bourse, on Monday, the 8d int., was
dull, owing to s. statement that the Emperor of
Russia had given orders to se'l his From Rentes,
and that thaoperation had commenced. I’onr-aud
ff-Half’s opened 100 30, dosed 10 20. Force's
•pened 70 60.
There was a smart shock of an earthquake at St.
Michael’s, Azores, on the night of the 16: h of April.
The north as the island suffered severely. Many
lives were lost and houses destroyed.
The Trieste Gazette announces that the fortress
I of Herat has submitted to the Shah of Persia, and
! that the Persian troops have already taken poa»ea
, j sinn of it.
j The price to be given for the Crystal Pdace by
the London speculators is £70,000. Sine e the con
i tract was entered into the purchasers have, it is
i said, been tempt 'd by still higher offers than that
I for their bargain, but have refused : though by the
j sum preferred them they would realize a very
' handsome profit. It is intended to re-erect the
; Palace in the neighborhood of London, and sites
1 have been surveyed at Wimblcton, at Patterson,
' and at Sydenham. None had, however, beta de
, cided on.
The Austrian garrison in Tuscany is to be re
duced. Lucca, Pisa and Siena are to be evacuated
by the Austrian troops, and 2,000 men are to quit
the Grand Ducal territory.
The Gazette de France
j Cullen, late Roman CatholicPriir aloof Ireland, has
been appointed by the Pope to be Roman Catho
| lie Aron bishop of Dublin.
j The Agricultural report of the Belfast Mercury
says; “It is probable that no lc-s than 250, coo
acres will be under potato crop in Ulster by the se
cond week in May. Great care was taken of the
seed during the winter months, and the prospects
i of this season's growth are more favorable than any
' j since 1847. The early planting was finished in
j good time, and the next planting may now be con
| siderad as very far forward. Great additions have
i for sometime past been made to the stock of sheep
' in Ireland, and in many districts vast iraprove
j ments have been effected during the pa t four
i years in the culture of soil. It is hoped this may
i be the dawning of better day",
i i Spain. —Accounts from Madrid, of the 25th nit.,
; state that Brigadier O’Lawler had been appointed
■ | Governor of Matanzas, in the room of Brigadier
■ ! Pavia, who was recalled to Spain. The latter had
i ! been susperseded in that command by Gen C«n
--j cha, for not preventing the landing of a cargo of
negroes, intended for different plaateio of th»
, , island of Cuba.
. | France. —The great fete of the 10th of M' dV
> I now the chief eventof the day. The prt* r
on the Champ de Mars are proceediuc - j,’ .Vrent.
activity. Tribunes ore in course of eV ec ,: on whkh
will contain 12,000 spectators, I>' ides Vh« ant! ori
-1 ties, and those whose official dcties rCqn * ir o th. ir
• presence. The first deUi>V jment of , f e Xnb chi. fe
has arrived at Marseille and two c t> er detach
> i mentß are daily The whole expense of
i their journey anc reft * K ] ellC e in Paris is to be
1 j by the bmte x he Colonel < - each regiment will
' mocmt ,/ic s e peof the great tribune set : side f<»r
: tneffrcsi- ient 0 f t Lie Republic, and receive the
® ,rom tbo hands of the Minister of M ar.
' e ' .ious to the delivery and immediately after ti e
j of high mass*, the aatries will be b’ voi
L . by the Archbishop of Pari . The Fre-i ent’* un
• ; cle, the ex-king Jerome, will be seated immcdiule
e j ]t on the right of Louis Napoleon.
5- ! * Famine in Germany. —The condition of the pea
g santry in many parts of Germanv, say* a corres
d i pondent of the London Times, has chiefly thromzh
d the failure of the potato crop last year, at lem th
>r become one of sr.cn fearful and indescribable dis
tress, that I feel sure a few particulars respecting
it will prove a subject of painful interest to many
j> of your readers. Poor Southern and Central Ger
many, still suffering from the baneful effects of the
• s ; late political convulsions, have now, in addition,
[ j been visited by dearth, disease and famine. Tru
j lv heart-rending accounts continue to arrive from
r j manv parts well known and much frequented by
n ' English tourists for the beauty of their scenerv ;
r _ j so from Wnrtemburg, Bavaria, the Grand Duchy
I of Baden, Nassau, and more especially from \»-
„ gelsberg and the Odenwerg, rough mountain .?
jj districts—the one situated in the north-eastern
['_ j part of the Grand Duchy of Ilo«se, the other to
: the north, and forming part of the •• Berg-tra?se,’ ’
I a road extending from Darnstadt to Heidelberg,
; within 88 hours reach from London, and traversed
I generally by excursionists on their way to Switzer
- land. In these localities whole village;, are being
i deserted for want of foad. Their unfortunate sa
’ ; habitants, who, in times of comparative prosperi
|' ; tj T , eke out but a scanty and miserable existence,
have been wanting their staple food—potatoes. In.
v other parts trade is standing still; of 18,000 looms,
I in a single province of Bavaria almost exclusively
inhabited by weavers, not half are at full work.
The people are deprived alike of the productions
of nature and the fruits of industry; and, to con-
I snromftte wretchedness and despair, and an ex
treme dearth of provisions, whole herds of cattle
and sheep are killed by a rapidly spreading disease.
Turkey and Egypt.—Our advices from Alexan
n dria are to the 21st u!t. They embran.-e the ini
n portant intelligence of the settlement, through tlie
j. medium of Faud Eftendi, for a time at least, of the
e difference between the Sultan and Abbas Pasha,
T the former having agrceed to waive all claims ibr
a period of seven years. The Government of
' 0 Egypt will consequently be carried on ns before for
( this period, at the end of which the Porte will of
course have the option of again putting forth its de
mands.
b Arrangements have been made by our resident
postmaster with the Egyptian Government, hr
B which the latter undertake tlie conveyance of the
6 Indian and China mails through tlie country—the
homeward mails from Suez to Alexandria in 70
hours, and the outward from this to Suez in 75
h j hours ; thins effecting a saving of 10 or 12 hours.—
e I For this service £6OOO a year is to be paid to the
! government,
i- j The railway is progressing favorably. Several
e j vessels with rails are shortly expected to arrive.
u j __
i- j from California.
; New York, Mav 17.—The steamer Illinois, with
1 the California mails of the 18th and 320 passengers,
F arrived at an early hour this morning. She brings
n $1,252,300 on freight and |25u,000 in the hands of
i- passengers. The Illinois left Aspimvall on tiio
r Bth, and Havana on the 13th iust. The Panama
8 railroad will be opened to within five miles of
y Gorgena during the present month. The rainy
s season has not commenced at the Isthmus,
s A piece of pure gold, weighing 306 ounces, was
i- found near Sonora.
3 A Fugitive Slave Bill had passed both branches
i of the Legislature.
t A bill giving the State printing to the lowest bid
r der had passed the Senate.
Two mem charged with theft were taken from
the authorities of Coloma by a mob and hanged.
The papers contain notices of several other cases of
” i mob violence.
, j marked improvement in business was mani
’ i fest throughout the State.
i Advices from the Society Islands state that the
, revolt there was progressing and Queen Pomare
had applied to the English, French and American
> aitbor.tios for probation against her rbtihous
j subjects, but they had declined to interfere.
e The weather at San Francisco was extremely hot.
The Democrats hold a State Convention at Beni
cia on the 20th of July to nominate Presidential
| electors.
! The clipper ship Invincible, at Sau Francisco
from New York, made the passage from Rio in 51
1 days. She sailed 400 miles in one day.
• A telegraph line was shout being erected between
j San Francisco and Marysville.
From the IsrnMfs.—Messrs. Nelson and Murray
had been examining the Cholo and Darien coasts
for treasure, and also investigating the project of a
■ j canal across the Isthmus, under the direction of a
j New York company. They had arrived at Panama
| and reported unfavorably relative to mining pros
| peote, bat think the canal feasible.
’ The Paris Monitcur puhlis fies the estimates for
1 1652. The State expenditure is calculated at 1,-
480,268,244 francs; the receipts at 1,649,418,604.
The import duties on fermented liquors are redu
ced b 7 half, and those on liquors sold by retail rais
ed by half. The war estimates are augmented by
1,000,000 francs, those of the navy by 12,000,0< 0
francs. The extraordinary works are augmented
by 14.000,00# franc*.
