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tical language : Exart nothing from a people
already irritated again# your clamfh proceed
ings and political intrigues.
Are you offended at the plainness with
which I add re <s you> If you are, I regard it
not; for tfeey are farts, which yotif cannot de
ny : It is the language of troth founding in
your ears, and reaching to the innioft recesses
©f your conrrcrted hearts. But if you have
ability and confidence to defend yourselves,
the freedom of the Press is your remedy.
Draw forth, then, your whole band’of writeTs
—set them ui battle *rray again# us, and
make your attack. For my part, I fli.all
nfe only solid argument and just cenfuie in
thia cooteft; if, with tfcele weapons you can
defend yourselves, the reproach and ignomi
ny fliall rest upon my head; But if you can
not, you yourselves fliall feel that keen re
proach, which belongs to the nature of your
character, and the intentional errors of your
condurt. ~
JUNIUS!
LON D Oi N, December 11.
Copy of the Declaration of as finally
decreed By the flat onal Ajfembly of Prance,
Thursday, Augufi 27.
Repreientatives of the French Peo-
J| pIC, constituted in National Assembly,
considering that ignorance, forge fulnefs, or
contempt, of the rights of man, are the foie
causes of public misfortunes, and the cor
ruption of governments, have resolved to set
forth, in a solemn Declaration, the natural,
unalienable, and sacred Rights of Man ; to
the end that this Declaration, being constant
ly sent to all the Members of she Social Body,
may perpetually remind them of their Rights
and Duties; that the Arts of the Legislative
and Executive Powers, being every inrtarit
liable to be compared with the objert of every
political institution, may be more refperted
by them ; and that the claims of the citizens,
founded henceforward oh v fittfp!e and incori
tefliblc principles, may uniformly turn to the
maintenance' of the Conftitucion, aild to the"
happiness of all.
In conference, the National Assembly ac-
Itnowledge and declare, in presence of, and
under ihe auspices of the Sup< erne Leglflator,
the following Rights of Man .1 d Citizen.
Art. I All men a;e born and remain free
and equal in rights ; social diflinrtions can on
ly be founded on common utility.
Art. 2. The end of every political aflo
ciation is the preservation of the natural and
imprefcriptible Rights of Man; these rights
are liberty, property, security, and resistance
to oppression.
Art 3. The principle of'all sovereignty
yefides eflentially in the Nation ; no body of
men, no individuals, can Cxercil'e any autho
rity but* what dm nates expiefaly from' «t.
Art. 4, Liberty consists iudoing whatever
does 1101 injuie another; accordingly the cter
cife of the natural rights of each main nas no 9
other bounds but those which fecuve to other
members of society the enjoyment of the"
fame rights; these can only be uct'eimined by'
the law.
Art. 5. The law Ihould only prohibit ac
tions injurious to society. Nothing can be'
pievelited but what is prohibited by law; nor
can any man be conftraiued to do what it does
nbt ordain. *
Art. 6. The law is the expreflion of the
general will; all the citizens have the right
of concurring personally, or by their repre.
feutativea, in its formation; it ought to be
the fame for all, whether it protects or whe
ther it puniihei."* AH the citizens being equal
in its eye, are equally admissible to all places,
employments, and dignities, according to
their capacity, and without any other diflinc
tion thau that of their virtues and (heir talents,'
Art. 7. No man can be accused, appre
hended, or detained, but id cases determined
by law, aud according to the form which it
has preferibed. They who solicit, expedite,
execute, or cause to be’executed, any arbi
trary orders, should be puniflied; but every’
citizen, sum moped or apprehended by virtue
es the law, should inflantly obey, tod he be
comes culpable by refinance.
Art* S. The law should eflablifh none but
puuifhments ftrirtly and evidently neeeffary;
and uo mm can be punished but by virtue of
• law eAablifbed sup promulgated puof to the
oft*", aud legally applied.
Art. p. Every man being prefnlned in
nocent, until be lhall have keen pronounced
guilty, if it be deemed indispensable to ap
prehend bim, every species of rigour, not
abfclutely neceflary for fecunng his person,
should be severely prohibited by law.
Art. io. No man can be diftb'bed in his
opiuions, even religious ; provided their ma
nifeftations do uot .trouble the public order
ejiuilijhed bylaw .
Art. n. 'lhe free communication of
thoughts and opinions is one of the molt pre
cious rights of man. Every citizen, there
fore, may freely (peak, write, and print, un
der condition of being responsible for the
* abuse of that liberty id cases provided for by
law.
Art. it. The security of the rights of
the man and citizen renders a public force ne
ceflary ; that force then is instituted for the
good of ail, ahd not for the particular advan
tage of those o whom it is confided.
Art. 13. For the maintenance of this
public force, and the Giber expeiice* of ad
minifiration, a common Contribution is in.
diipenfable; this should be apportioned among
all the citizens, in proportion to their abili
ties.
Art. 14. Each citizen has the right, by
himfelf or his reprefeniatives, to determine
the necessity of the noble contribution, freely
to consent to it, to attend to its employment,
and to fix the quota, the mode of imposition,
the collection and duration of the fame.
Art. 15. Society have a right to demand
an account from every public agc’ntof hisad
miniftfation.
Art, 16. Every society in which the gua
ranty of their lights is not secured, nor the
fepaiation of powers determined, is Without
a conftitutiou/
These are the Whole of the articles.
(Jet. 15V We are informed by a gentle
man lately from Dantzic, that he there met
with a viajor Langboume, (aid de camp to
the Marquis dela Fayette when he coriiman i
ed in America) who had for his' amusement
travelled on foot through ail Gieat-Bntain and
Ireland, also Lapland and RufSa, and intends
puiluing ms journey, id’thS laine manner,
thiougti Germany, Italy, and Turkey in Eu
topc, and to return to London to take his pai
fage to America - , his native country, which'
he imagined would'take him teh years to ac
complilh. This genttehian’s e’qti page coufifts
of a pocket compais, a hatchet, a pair of
piftoh, a sword, and a ihirt in his pocket to
change the one on his back!’ A favorite*
dog accompanied him iu his travels, which
he had the misfortune to lose at Pcrerfburth,
to his gteat grief The Major is a young
man, sensible and model!, never introduces
in conversation any parts of bis travels, or'
the wpndeifui escapes and hafiihips he has
had by his inode of'rravelling ■, but as it is
natural to put many questions to him, he ac
knowledges that in Lapland he met with many
difaftets, which made him frequently repent
lus attempting to travel through that inhofp,-
taole country, il is said that this ex raordi
nary tiaveiler is a gentleman of fortune in
America,'and has letters of credit upon dif
leient bankers in Europe 4 .
Dr. Herschel has compleated his large te
ltfcope, and has already dilcovered with it
that theie'is a lixth satellite revolving round
the planet Saturn, within the orbits of the
five that we have hitherto beeu acquainted
with.
There is one particular and most effentiaf
law which the National Assembly of France
are resolved rigoroully to enforce, viz. That,
no farmer ftiali plant any piece ofgrouud with
vines, tiH he has fufiiciently tried it for the
produce of grain ; if after luch trial, the pro
duce will not pay'his rent; he is to appear be
fore an intendaut, and make affidavit that
the ground will not produce grain; then he
will be allowed to turn it iuto a viueyard.
The system to be cflablifhed in France, and
which is not only proposed, but actually de
termined on, is, that all those titles on which
the nobility have for so many centuries placed
fucb value, are to be’abolilbed, and the an
cient peerage of the realm levelled in common
wuh all otbei* diminutions. The King is to
retain his title, end his supremacy, and head
of the people} hut he is to be reltrifted by
the laws of the National Allehibly, as 10 have
the lliadow without the AtblUuee of monarchy,
the otleufible piofeflion, whilil the people ate
(he leal propnetoi* of the ciowm But the
’ ariflocracy does not terminate here, the rights
ot ihe clergy are alio to be aboiifhed, and
they have thidwn themselves for protection
on the new eftabhlhment. And what further
subverts the ancient constitution France,
the private hereditary rights of whole pro
vinces are taken away, rights of property that
centuries on centuries have guaranteed, and
which every court of Justice in the universe
have allowed to be legally, conflitutionally,
and pioperly founded. ✓
.St. JOHN, (Niß.) OrSober 23.
fiy a gentleman yesterday fiom Frederic
town, we learn, that the Honorable House of
AiTembly had met on Thorfday the 15th info
and expected to flnifli their feftion by the 24th*
' A bill is said to have paired, laying an addi
tional duty ®f ten per cent, on flour imported
from the United States; another laying a fur
ther duty of two-pence per gallon on rum im
ported ; and a third with some new regula
tions iefpe&in! the fiifheries.'
NEW-YORK, Nov. if.
We are sorry to announce to our readers
that very great disappointment which num
bers ot ladiei and gentlemen met with on the
sth inst in not being able to ,perceive the
planet Mercury pass any part of the fun’s disk.
Whatever may have been the whether
the time was iniitaken or the injiruments were^
inluiiicicnt, the afirqiiomical gentlemen will
pi ohably be able to give a fatisfaftory account }
ami we hope loon to receive communications
ou the fubjeCf, from some of the very abltit
mathematicians in this city.
20. The vyhole territory of the United
States contains, by computation, a million
of lquaic miles, in which are 6a.0 millions
ot acicsj of thele 51 millions are water, de
ducting which, the total amount of acres of
land in the United States is 589 millions.
That part ot the United States comprehends
ed witiuu the welt temporary line of Penn
lylvania on the call—the. boundary line be
tween Britain and the United States, extend
ing H orn the river St. C roix to the north weft
extremity of the Lake of the Woods on the
north the river Miffifippi to the mouth o.£
the Ohio on the louth, (the aforementioned
bounds of Pennsylvania) contains, by com
putation, about 411 thousand square miles,
m which are 26,340,000 acres; deduCl for
Wciei 4,34b,0c'0 acres, there remains 220
millions "ot acres.
ihe whole of this immense extent of un
appropriated weftern territ jry, or vacant urt
leti ed .and, containing as above, stated 22a
miihons ot acres, has been by the ceffiOn of
some of the original dates, and by thetrdatj
ot peace, transferred to the federal govern
ment, and is pledged as a fund for fluking the
Continental debt.
The foreign debt incurred by the war, ii
7>BB£>oßs dollars—domestic debt 34,11
no!la s-which makes 9,430,084!. sterling;
the iiitereft ot which at <5 per cent, is 5675905 L
erliiig. hut the war has cost Great-Britain
11 5*654,9141. lh e interest of which* at 6
per cent, is 6,937,2941. t 0 be piid since Ja-.
nuary 1775.
Jan. 7. Oh Sunday last the Rev. Anton
.. Theodore Bfuwn, Komifli Miflihnary among
the Indiana, and lately from Canada, read his
recantation from the errors of the Church of
Home, in the Lutheran church in Frankfort
street, before the Rev. Dr. Kunzie, and a
large and relpettable congregation.
For the last twelvemonths Mr. Brown
preached to a Lutheran congregation in New
Johnston, Canada, but would not administer
the facrameut until he had made a publiclte
carnation.
Mj, Brown was much refpefted amodrfl;
the Romifti clergy, and had got letters offj.
commejidation from the Biftiop of CMPda
with leave to go to Europe. -I|L *
£ k ' tiaa °f a I‘tter from Bojtot, dated Ojfla
This, day, at u o’clock, the PrefldeiAt
was conveyed in the Admiral’s barge, oA
board the Admiral’s ihip-the Major of the\
fleet fleered, the midshipmen rowed, alldref-
led in led. When the President arrived, hs
was received on board, in the fame ftyJe they
receive their King, viz The Officers took off
their flues— and the crew all appeared with
their legs naked. r
The Legiihture of New-Jersey h*ve ap
pointed. the Hon. Janies Kinsey, of Burling
ton, Chief Justice of that foe, vice the Hon. I).
Brearly, anointed of the Federal Court,
