About Georgia courier. (Augusta, Ga.) 1826-1837 | View Entire Issue (July 5, 1833)
2 THE COV KI ER. ~~gFj. C. M’WHO" ‘ P^ n ’ r FR!OAY’After»oon’ats<t per an -Publishedevery FRIDAY afternoon auuum. i» advance, or *4 at the expiration of received for less time than «ix months. ... - TT ADVERTISEMENTS not nxeeedinp a square will be inserted tho first ti.ne at 75 cts. per square and 37 1-2 . 'vnrn 'em ent's' of one square, published Weekly, at 7;> A Tnu foX firsi l nsert l 2n, ai id 1 5V cents, for eachcou l>r^‘advertisin’b. the year will be charged 30 dollars P inXding subscription and will be entitled to one square standing advertisements of seven.! squares, special contracts may e mac these XT No deductions will be made in tuiqre charges h nunl t, e r of insertions A theywillbemserted tiilfor. R H FRl P“ blic WiU haV " 8 S 5 per cent, deducted in their favor. From Crayon Sketches, by an Amateur, The mock-heroic biography of “Jacob Hays” is capitally done : Peshaps there is no species of compo sition s<» -generally io'eresuiig and truly delightful as minute and indiscriminate .biography, and it is pleasant to see h >w this"taste is gradually increasing. rhe rime is apparently not far distant when ev ery mftn will be found busy writing the life of his neighbor, and expect to have his own written in return, interspersed with original anecdotes, extracts from e pistolatory c rrespondonce, the exact hours at which h« was in the habit of fil ing to bod at night and getting up in the morning, .and other miscellaneous & use ful information carefully selected and ju dicimisly arranged. „ Indeed, it is* whis nered that the editors of this paper intend to take Longworth’s Directory f<*r the ground-work, and give the private history of all the city alphabetically, without “fear or favor—-love or affectkin. In Europe there exists an absolute biograph ical mania, and they are manufacturing lives of poets, painters, players, peers, pu gilists, pick-pockets, horse jockeys, and their horses, together with a great mauv people that are scarcely known to have existed at all. And the fashion now is not only to shadow forth the grand anil stri king outlines ot a great man’s character, and to hold to view those qualities which elevated him above his species, but to go into the minutiae of his private life, and note down all the trivial expressions and every day occurrences in which, ofcourse, he merely spoke and acted like any ordi nar man. This not only affords employ ment for the exercise of the small curiosi ty and meddling propensities of his ofli cious biographer, but is also highly grati fying to the general reader, in as much as it elevates him mightily in his own opinion to see it put on record that great men ate, drank, slept, walked, and sometimes talk ed just as he does. In giving the biogra phy ot the high constable oi this city, I Shall bv all means avoid descending to undignified particulars; though I deem ii important to state, before proceeding fur ther, that there is not the slightest foun dation for the report afloat that Mu Hays has left off eating buckwheat cakes in a •morning, io consequence of their lying too heavily on his stomach. » Where the subject of the present me moir was born, can be of but little conse quence ; who were his father and mother, of si ill less, and how he was bred and educated, of none at all. I shall there fore pass over this division of his exis tence in eloquent silence, and come at once to the period when he attained the achme of constabulatorv power and digni ty by being created high constable of this city and its suburbs ; and it ma be re marked, in passing, that the honorable (he j corporation, during the long and unsatis factory career, never made an .appoint ment more creditable to themselves, more beneficial to the city, more honorable to the country al large, more imposing in the eve of foreign nations, m<»re disagreeable to a>l rogues, nor m<»re gratifying to hon est men, than that of ihe gentleman whom we are biographizing, to the high office he now holds. His acuteness and vigi lance have become proverbial ; and there is not a misdeed committed by any mem her of this community, but he is speedily adm ;nis’ied that he will “have Old Hays (as he is affectionately Ac familiarly term ed) after him.” Indeed, it is supposed by many that he is gifted with supernatural attribu es, and can see things that §re bid from mortal ken ; or how, it is contended, is i> o .ssible that he should, as he does, “Bring forth the secret’st man of btood !” That he can discover “undivulged crime” —tnnt when a store has been robbed, he, without stop or hesitation, can march di rectly tn the house where the goods are concealed, and say, “these are they”—or, when a gentleman’s pocket has been pick ed, that, from a crowd of unsavory mis creants he can, with unerring judgment, lay his hand upon one and exclaim “you are wanted !”—or how is it that he is gifted with that strange principle of übi quity that makes him “here, and there, and every where,” at the same moment ? No m. itter how, so long as the public reap the benefit ; and well may that public a postrophize him in the words of the poet. “Long may he live! our city’s pride ! Where lives the rogue, hut flies before him ! With trusty < rabsdek by his side. And staff of office waving o’er him.” » • • • v Pure and blameless as bis life is, his society is not courted—no man boasts of his friendship, and few indeed like even to own him for an intimate acquaintance. Wherever he goes his slightest action is .Watched and criticised ; and if he happen .carelessly to lay his hand upon a gentle man’s shoulder and whisper something in his ear, even that man, as if there were contamination in his touch, is seldom or never seen afterwards in decent society. Buch things cannot fail to prey upon his feelings. But when did ever greatness exist without some penalty attached to it? The first time ever Hays was pointed to me, was eno summer afternoon, I when acting in his official capacity in the city-hall. The room was crowded in ev ery part, and as ha enieted with a luck less wretch in his gripe, a low suppressed murmur ran through the hall, as if some superior being had alighted in the midst of them. Ha placed (he prisoner al the bar—a poor coatless individual, with scarcely any edging and no roof to his hat —to stand his trial for bigamy, and then, in a loud, authoritative tone, called out for “silence,” aud there was silence.—A gain he spoke—“hats off there I” and the multitude became uncovered ; after which he took his handkerchief out of his left hand coat pocket, wiped his face, put it b ck again, looked sternly around, and then sat down. The scene was awful and impressive; but the odot was disagreea ble in consequence of heat acting upon a large quantity of animal matter congrega ted together. My olfactory organs were always lamentably acute ; I was obliged to retire, and from that time to this, I have seen nothing, though 1 have heard much of the subject of ibis bi iet and im perfect, but, 1 trust, honest and impartial memoir. Health and happiness be with thee, thou prince of constables—thou guardian of inn’ocrnce—thou terror of evil doers and little boys! May thy years be many and thy sorrows few—may thy Itfe be like a long and cloudless summer’s day, and may thy salary be increased 1 -And when at last the summons comes from which there is no escaping—when the wairant arrives upon which no bail can be pul io when thou, thyself, that hast “wanted,” so many, art in turn “ wanted, and must £ n »” “Mayst thou fall Into the grave as softly as the leaves Os the sweet roses on an autumn eve, Beneath the small sighs of the western wind Drop to the earth !” From the Boston Atlas. JACK DOWNING SAFE. We are happy to learn, as we do by the following letter, that’ho major which had obtained general currency among os, of Major Jack Downing’s death by drown ing at Cfts'le Garden, is not true. The Major escaped, it appears, with only a ducking:— New York, June 12. Dear Dick:— lf your old friend is’nt pnyin dear for bis curiosi’y 'his time, then there’s no snakes in ’Ginny, as Juba Ran dolph used to say. You most know I joined a party, as they called it, up in Bark'heere to go down to York and see the President. Well, we’ve been here near-about a week, but wo seed nothin of him till this mornin. The city here has been growin fuller and fuller, and at last it busted to-day, the folks wore so thick. But to tell the story quite reg’lar, I and tiMclo Josh went up pretty early this mor nin, and paid four shillins York (all out ninepences are shillins) for seats for aunt Kesiah and Cousin Hannah. We saw the people a runnin after three men that were a walkin, and undo Josh said he thought' that one might be Black Hawk, he look ed so black and fierce; so I thought I’d jest ask, and the folks told ate ’twas 'he committee from Boston,down East. Well, we went down to Castle Garden to see the fun. The military were all a rantin about, and a litle cock-o’-my-thumb soger kep rammin at me with his bagnet to keep back, until I could stan’ ii no longer: but uncle Josh kept me in. Pretty soon the guns kept firing, and the people huz zain, and three or four tarnation great steamboats came whizzin, and puffin up to the Gardens. Well, I hurraed, and uncle Josh hurraed, and right in the mid dle on’t, the band played, and the old Gen. came ridin over the bridge, with his hat in his hand, and his horse a ram pagin: it p«it me, for all the world, in mind of the.big bible picture of Death on the pale horse. Well, I hurraed agin, and uncle Josh he off bat; and we forgot all about the lit tle soger, and stepped right on him;--he sung out to the troopers, and down they come a cuttin and slashin. Uncle Josh and I had crowded right agin a little box they called a ticket house, and some of the people got a-top-on’r. First thing I knew over it went smash. That kind a started the bridge too, and over it went. J/y eyes,what a time. I thought the folks on it had the President’s baggage, cause they said ’twas the tail end ot his sui'— but I found otit ’twas the men he hires to do his writing, and makes the people pay for’t. Well, you see the box being push ed over, 1 had a fair chance to see, and 'here they were flunderin round in shoal water, about up to middle. The Gener al looked kind o’ sorry at first, but pret ty soon I seed his eye begin to sparkle. “Martin.” said he to a little Dutch built feller that rode next to him, “I’ll be hanged if the Major is’nt ia for it.” I looked where he looked, and there was a little wizened up old man splashio about among ’he mod and stones to kill. -He kept tryin to get hold of the other great men about him. One of them hit him a real tomahawk poke; and uncle Josh said he guessed as how that was Cass. At last the little man was fished out, his face as red as a beet, and, came drippen, to the President.“Ah ha,” said the Pres ident, “Major Downing, T believe now, you are dyed in the wool, for 1 see your color doesn’t wash out.” Ihe little man kept fumblin i« his pocket, and told the President he had lost the speech he’d written for him. I’ll be hanged, D ck, if’t want that Major Jack Downing, that you said was on to Washington the time you went on to get a patent for your ma chine for making dull speeches seem light —and what you called your “quotation sprinkler,” which was bought up by the members of Congress. Well.thev kept fishing on ’em out, and a more drabblerder se> you never seed So at lust they cleared our, and I went right home for some lasses and water, J was so hoarse a hollo win and laughin. Yours. ; n off '-ion. PE I'ER BISSELL. P. S. I shall probably coms oxj -aud see yon. iron the American Firmer. American Nankeen.— We have before us a beautiful specimen of American Nan keen, made from nankeen colored cotton, raised by mr. Forsyth ol Geoigia. The nankeen cotton was first raised in the South, eight or ten years ago, but was not then thought much of—as is the case with all new aitides, it was with difficulty that persons could be found to try it. Mr. Forsyth has persevered until he has been able to induce the manufacturers to work up the raw material, and 'bus bring ihe ar ticle fairly into market. The specimen before us, a piece of seven yards, is real ly beautiful; somewhat darker colored than ihe Indian article, and much superior to the miserable imitations from the English loom and dye shops. It being of the natur al color of the cotton, it does not fade by wear and washing; and we are informed that Mr. Forsyth ihinks the strongest mineral acids will not extract the color.- This may ba correct, but all vegetable colors disappear under the action ol chlor* hie—and we shall take an early opportu nity to test the fastness of the color of this article by the action of the chlorine, and other chemical agents. Mr. Nathaniel F. Williams, merchant of ibis city, agent fur the sale of the nankeen, to whom we are indeb ed for an opportunity of examining it, informs us that a friend of his had ac cidentally got a large spot of ink on a new pair of pantaloons, which he considered had spoiled them. Mr. W. advised him to apply a little lemon Juice and salt to the spot, anu ’exposed it to the sun, which was done, the ink extracted, and the co lor of the cloth remained unchanged We have thought it important to the interest of the Southern cotton planters, that a knowledge of the value oi this nan keen cutton should be dis«eu» nated, as the manufacture of nankeen will add to the coosump'ion of the raw material. No one will ever wear the imitated article when they can got the genuine <>ne. The color of the common imported nankeen disap pears on (he first washing, and clolhes made of it are therefore very soon laid a side. We recommend a trial of this nan keen, and also the culture of the cotton, as an important object of attention to our Southern friends. Woman.— The morning star of infan cy—(lie day star of manhood—the even ing star ot age. Bless our stars! M.iy we always bask in. the skyey influence till we are skyhigh. [Bih of Jan. Toas .] Warning.— The wife of Mr. Chester Beard, of Rockdale township, is lying dangerously ill. Near a year since she was picking her ear with a pin (a very common practice among famales,) the head of which coming off lodged in her ear, and all attempts to extract it proved unavailing, and it is supposed that this will soon be the cause of her death —Craw ford Messenger. JXltickhawkiana.— One day last week, after our “Red Brethren” had risen from a dinner table to which they had been in vited, they retired to an ante-room to seek repose. Among the gentlemen pre sent, was one who requested an introduc lion for the purpose of having a religious conversation with the sons oi the forest.- Young Hawk, sometimes called Tummy Hawk, had just thrown himself on a sofa when the object of the visitor was m ide known to him through the interpreter.— He smiled, and replied saying, “Z lazce- I lazec," — covered his head with a blank et, ana fell asleep.— National Gazette. A BAD DEBT. Some months ago, one of the partners of an old and long since dissolved firm, recollected that * among the property of the company there was an estate at the South which had been taken, rather than nothing, for a bad debt; and it lay some where in one of the regions lately become so famous for gold. The musty deed was looked up, end the land examined when sure enough a mine was discovered upon it, of surpassing richness. As the best means of bringing property in’o market, a charter was obtained for a Company, and the estate put in at the round sum of five hundred thousand dollars, divided in to five thousand shares of one hundred dollars each. Lest hal a million should prove to be an inadequate guess, the stock was chiefly distributed among family friends. Well, 'he work was commenced, and one stamping machine was found to produce fifteen hundred dollars per day, «ith an expenditure of three hun dred. leaving a nett profit of twelve.hun dred dollars a day. A startling beginning! 12 hundred dollars a day is $370,000 a year, calculating six days to the week, which by the way is ihe mode of calculating which produces most gold from all mines. Then it is only necessary to increase the number of stamping machines in or der to double, treble or quadruple the product. Four stamping . machines operating at a clear profit of twelve hun dred dollars, is five thousand dollars a day, more or less. We state round num bers, for a few thousands any wav are of no consequence in such a concern Five thousand dollars a day, is a million and a half a year. We stop here. Others can calculate the effect of a still greater number of machines, and go on till num bers fail. Suffice it to say, the shares are current at five hundred dollars each. N. Y Journal of Com. LAW NOTICE. THE undersigned having taken an Office, next door to that of Crawford Xi Cum sriNO.Esqrs. informs the public that he will faith fully attend to all business with which he may be intrusted. ROBERT CLARKE. Dec 1-2 111 ts SOLE LEATHER; OF SUPERIOR QUALITY. SALE BY vRATHBONE & HOLLAND. AUGUSTA., ~FRIDAY, JULY 5, 1833. U* “One of the People” iu continuation of the subject he has been discussing, was received too late for publication to day. Our fair Cor respondent, “Miss Polly Busy-Body” roust also wait till Monday [FT* The correspondence of the Governor in relation to the Missionary Case, to which we re cently alluded, shall appear in our next. It will silence the tongue of Faction—No—nothing will do that.- ' The Essays of our Correspondent 'Richmond,' stand so high with those, who think with him, that they have printed 600 copies in pamphlet form for distribution. A new Post-Office has been established on the South-Carolina Rail Road, by the name of Clin ton, (usually called Blackeville) —B. H. Brown, Postmaster. The David. Brown arrived safe at New-York, iu her time, on the morning of the 26th ult. but she had not returned to Charleston ob Thursday morning, as the papers say nothing about hei. We hope she has not called on her name sake, "Davy Jones," by the way. The President was very ill at Boston from fa tigue and exposure to a bleak air in one of his visits in the neighborhood ; but the last accounts : say, he is better. ■ The Cholera, which had been so violent for 2 I weeks in Lexington, Ken. was abating on the j 20th ult. Indeed no new case had occurred in 124 hours.. The deaths are lowly rated at 150 during its visit The death of Mr. Barry, the Post Master- General, by Cholera, is reported, but scarcely believed. It is said to have occurred at Mays lick, in Mason county. Kent. The long dispute "between the Medical College and the Medical Society of Charleston, in re’a ; tion to the possession of the College Building, has I been brought to il close, in favor of the latter. Gov. Scott of Mississippi, died of Cholera on the 13th ult. Col White’s majority over Gen. Call in the election ot Delegate from Florida, is upwards of 200 votes They prepared an elegant bed for the Presi dent in New-York. The bedstead cost S3O0 — counterpane S6O, &.C. but his republicanism called for a cot, on which he slept without much solicitude about the splendor of his apartment. THE CELEBRATION. Yesterday was celebrated in this city as the Anniversary of the Declaration of American Jn- ■ dependence, with much spirit. Cannon an- I nounced the dawn, meridian and sun-set, and after the services in ihe Episcopal Church, where the Oration was delivered, convivial par ties. at the different Hotels, spent ihe afternoon in patriotic exhilaration. We may make two remarks on this occasion : Notwithstanding the | external conflicts in which the republic has been engaged, and ttre internal dissentions, which have occasionally disturbed its quiet, Chis Anni versary has passed, and our Institutions stand more Crmlv based tjian ever, on the Rock of the I People's love. In the second place, it is the first which has closed upon our history, since all the signers of the Declaration of Independence, have been caught up into Heaven, and dropped their mantles on the shoulders of another race. Have they fallen on shoulders unworthy to hear them? No. The inheritance which our fathers’ valor wo », and virtue bequeathed to us, shall neither be wasted by our extravagance, nor lost by our folly. Let posterity be our witness, and history cover Us with infamy, if we shall prove false to the trust. Wc have not noticed the proposed Rai! Road project started at Athens to connect that place more closely with the city of Augusta. We may first say we find less fault with this than we have felt nut selves bound to do with some other move ment* originating at the same place. Indeed, w< find no fault with it, but will second its inter est with all our energy The committee, detail ed at the incipient meeting, reported through its Chairman, Judge C ayton, on Saturday last.-*— A gentleman, who was present states, that the rout of the Rail Road will be as near the stage road as practicable, -nd the probable expence of its construction was laid at $500,000. The dis tance is 92 miles. Committees were appointed, to correspond with other Companies to get all necessary information, to select a suitable Em gineer, and memotialize the legislature. The Athens people are full of this enterprize and will go on, charter or no charter. We cordially wish them success, and the example they are setting many followers in Geoigia. Commrdore Hull p ocmed three canes made ftom the timber of Iris fa vorite vessel, one of Which he presented to Piesent Jackson, another to Govern or Lincoln, and the third to Mr. Poin sett of South Carolina. The horsmanship of the President,says tho Boston Journal, was universally ad mired. It is generally admitted by the ladies, we understand, that he complete ly eclipsed in this particular all the young sparks on the parade ground. Contents of MR. RANDOLHP’S WILL. We understand from a friend at Char lotte Court-house that the will of Mr. Randolph was openedat Roanoke, his late residence on Friday las', by Judge Leigh, in the presence of Judge Tucker and one or two other gentlemen. The following are the principal if not the only devises. To Henry St. George Tucker, Presi dent of the Court of Appeals of Virgin. ia, ten thousand dollars. To Judge Leigh of Halifax, ten thou sand dollars. . To Judge Leigh's son, John Randolph Leigh a small boy, five thousand dollars. To John Wickham, Esq. of this place, some plate and a horse or two. The remainder of his estate—lands, negroes, dec. to the .on of his niece Mrs. Bryant, of Gloucester, daughter of John 'Coaher, Esq. < Judge Leigh and Judge Tucker are the executors. This will was made subse quent to his return from Russia, and was dated in January 1832. Our informant says that he has not him self seen the will, but that he gives us the report believed at Charlotte Court-House. This will will be offered for probate at the next Charlotte Court. It is the same thai was left in Judge Leigh’s possession. An examination is yet to be made among Mr. Randolph’s private papers. The name of our correspondent and his official situation at Charlotte Cuurt- House induce us to place the utmost con fidence in the correctness of this his state ment. . i Mr. Randolph, it is said here, has left two other wills; one dated in 1822, by which, be directed the manumission of his slaves -—and another in March, 1832. The for mer of these, is lire one to which he was understood to refer, when he requested at Philadelphia that the provisions of a previous will should be carried into effect. Richmond Compiler. FOR THE.GEORGIA CuURfEB. The late Convention which assembled at Milledgeville, have submitted to the consideration of the People, a plan for reducing the number of members in the Legislature; and it is now the duty oi the People to adopt, or reject it as a part of the fundamental law of the State. It is the right of every F reeman to express bis opinion of this plan, & to endeavor to en lighten public opinion upon the subject— but, in exercising this right he should take care not to injure the feelings of others who may vie-w the subject in a different light. The question of ratification or no ratification should be determined by the due exercise of right reason without re gard to party feelings or party prejudices, and with the sole intent to advance the In tel ests and honor of the State. Among others who have undertaken to give their opinions to the public, of the plan proposed by the Convention, the Grand Jury of the second week ot Rich mond Superior Court at June term, 1833, have “avai'ed” themselves of their offici al station to create a prejudice against the plan of the convention; and they have de nounced it in terms and language very badly suited to the dignity of such a body, and very unnecessarily insulting to the feelings of the members ot the convention. As my object in this address to the people, is io give my views and opinions of the plan of reduction proposed by the Convention, I will take the Presentments of this Grand Jury as the basis (white basis I mean,) of my remarks, because they contain, I believe, all the objections which have been avowed against the plan proposed. Before, however, I proceed to investigate the charge contained in these presentments, I feel it my duty to say a few words in regard to ihe right ol a Gtaud Jury to interfere in their official capacity, with matters totally beyond and without their jurisdiction, thereby per verting their office from its true end and aim, and converting it into a political par ty machine to be used by any and every petty demagogue. It is unfortunate foi the character and dignity of our Judicia ry, that io almost every county of the State, the Grand Juries have assumed to themselves the right to dn, what in many cases, as individuals they would be asham ed to do. Thus, we see Grand Juries presenting the public political acts of the President of ihe United States. the conduct of cur Senators and Representa tives in Congress; and the Grand-Jury of Scriven county presented ihe printer, John Binns, whom they denominate “the notorious John Binns,” iho’ 1 venture to say that not a single individual of the Ju ry knew, until they were told so, on that occasion, that such a being as John Bhms ever lived. The Grand Jtsry of the second week of Richmond Superior Court, commence by saying that they “ avail themselves of the right which belongs.to them as a body, to give expression to the opinions they have formed of public men, and public bodies of men in tho State”—and then proceed to condemn in the most unquali fied terms the acts of the late Conven tion. Now in the first place, it so happens, that instead of availing themselves of a right as they assert, the Grand Jury have assumed a power to interfere with politi cal men and thing*, which in their char acter of Grand Jurors they have no more rightto do,than have to prescribe the form of my religion, or the cut of my coat. The Petit Jury have just as much right as the Grand Jury, to assume pow ers which they do not legally p-r properly possess, and 1 would be glad to see a Pe tit Jury turn this itch for presenting into ridicule (for it is really ridiculous) by “ availing thernselvjs of the right which belongs to them as a body” and presenting “ public men and public bodies of mon in this State”—for instance, the Grand Ju ry of the second week, which was a “ public body of men in this S.ate.” The Grand Jury is a body constituted by law to examine and inquire into, all such mat ters and things as shall be given them in charge by the presiding Judge, or which shall otherwise come to their knowledge touching the criminal justice of the State, within the county of which they are the Grand Jury ; and they have no lawful right, power or authority to inquire into, or present any matter or thing which ari ses beyond the limits of their County ; nor any matter or thing which occurs within their County, except it be some violation of the Criminal Laws of the State, or some matter over which special jurisdiction has been given to them by the laws of the State.—Every act therefore of a Grand Jury which is not authorized by the laws of the land, ia an act of su pererregation. For the sake of the argument, howev er, I will admit that the Grand Jury of the second week had the right of which they have “availed themselves*’, an d her 4a they themselves before lite public? Certainly 00l in a very en viable point of view ; for, in the exercise of this right, they have shown, by the manner "f using it, that they are not suffi ciently informed upon the subject ot which they undertake to treat, to be trust* ed with so mischievous a power. The GranJ Jury say that the late Con vention have ” assumed territory and white population as principles to be for the first time engrafted on the Constitu tion of our State.”—Oh !! I !!! Is it possible that a Grand Jury of Rich mond County could in the very face ol the Constitution of their own State como into open Court and publicly make such an assertion ? Does not every body, ex cept tins Grand Jury, and the person who wrote the Presentments, if they had an amanuensis, know that Georgia has nev er had any other basis of representation in the Senate than that of territory ? and does not every body, except as before excepted, know that the Convention have not interfered with this principle in the Constitution in any manner whatever ; but have proceeded to give one Senator to two Counties, instead of a Senator tn each county, whereby they have reduced the Senate one half, that is to say, forty five members I Territorial representa tion therefore is not “ a new principle engrafted for (he first time on the Consti tution of the State.” And now, how stands the fact in regard to the otliei branch of the assertion with respect to “ while population” I Here again, if the Grand Jury of ibe “ second week” will condescend to look into tho Constitutions of the State from the year 1777, up to the present time, they will find that negroes never were represented and put on a footing with free white citi zens, until it was done by the Constitu tion of 1798, at which lime slave repre sentation was “ engrafted, for the first time, as a new principle on the Constitu te n of the State :” and this was ten years after |he principle had been adopt ed as a matter of compromise between the States, and became a part of the Consti tution of the United States. But no oth er State except Georgia has permitted her slaves to be represented io her Le gislature. Geoigia, then, for ten years, and ail the other Sta’es, for the whole time since the adoption of he Constitu tion of tho United States, have been, re cording to (be opinion of the Grand Jury of the “ second week” “ contravening tho very principles recognized by that in strument on which our federal relations are based.” Let us it quire if this be so. To contravene, means, to oppose, obstruct or baffle. Has the operation i f the Con* stitution of the United Sta’es been oppos ed or obstructed for the last for v-fettr years by all Hto States by virtue of their failure or refusal to represent their staves in th'eir State Legislatures? If it has, no " public men” nor “ public bodies of men” except the Grand Jury of the “ second week” have heretofore been a ble to make die discovery. The fact is not so. The compromise in the Consti tution of the United States, whereby three filths of tl*e negroes ate tepresenied in Congress, has nothing to do wi h our State policy. This is a contract between independent States, in which the slave holding have given op to the non slave holding States certain advantages in con sideration of having three filths of their slaves represented. But in the State G >vernments there are no separate, independent sovereign ties to make a contract with each other. The State is a homogeneous body, having no separate political interests, and there fore it matters not, whether the basis of representation be white or black, or bo h. The political power of ihe State a«r an independent sovetetgniy is the same. It •• is neither enhanced, nor diminished by the nature of, the basis which may be adopted. The only true and prophr question therefore, to be decided by tiie freemen of Georgia, is this: Shall property be represented and thereby give all polit ical power to the rich, or shall the poor, honest and industrious freeman have as much power in the government as the na bob with his hundred slaves? This is tho true question to be answered by the people on tho first Monday in October next. What then have the Convention done? I answer,— They have obeyed the instructions of the people and reduced the number of Sonatorsand Representatives in the legis lature from two hundred and sixty-six down to one hundred and eighty nine members, and saved the State upwards of Twenty Thousand Dollars annually. They have left each County a repre sentative as they were required to do, They have left the principle of repre sentation in the Senate as it was befoie, and upon that principle have reduced that branch of the legislature one half. They have taken away negro represen” tation io the House of and determined that no other body or thing shall be represented, and have po litical power in the house, except Free White People, as well the poor as the rich. • Now, what rational objection can any republican raise to this plan ? Dues he wish to. have property represented, and thereby give to things the political power that belongs to persons. Or in the lan guage of the Grand Jury, does he wish “representation to be according to taxa tion ?” If he does, he departs from the true spirit of our republican Constitution. By w >at rule of right <fc justice should Chatham county have five times as many Representatives as Burke county, when their population whether you take tbj> white or the mixed basis is nearly the same, and the number of voters near ly tho same? Chatham has 5,004 white population, and Burke has 5493. Now according to my poor opinion, Burke is entitled to as many Representatives as Chatham upon every principle of jnstice and republicanism. But if you take tai-
