Below is the OCR text representation for this newspapers page.

EIUTEH A!U> rOiUSIIKI) WEEKLY, BV M SI. B . II A KRIS OX . CITY P n I .XT E R . Latest from Europe. Accounts from Europe, per Europa, to tlie Ist inst. have been received. They confirm the disastrous accounts previously received of the defeat of the gallant Hun garians, by the Russian and Austrian hordes. We fear the cause of liberty has been greatly injured by this calamity, and despotism is triumphant. France ha< turned aside from the path of rectitude to subdue those who were contending for the rights of man, and we fear, ere long, the spark of liberty which has well, nigh been fanned to a flame in that Republic, will be put out by the whirlwind of despotism now brooding over Europe. HUNGARY. The intelligence from the seat of war is of the most disastrous character. The Hungarians have been defeated at all points, but the details attending those un fortunate results have not been fully ascer tained. It is known, however, that a large number of the Hungarians have been com pelled to lay down their arms uncondi tionally to the Russians. Accounts from Vienna, by way of War saw, state that the Hungarian Diet, hav ing surrendered its power to the German Confederation, dissolved itself. A meet ng afterwards took place, near Fread, be tween Georgy, Rem and Kossuth, when it was determined at once to put an end to the war as sanguinary and useless. Geor gy, addressing the Council, said he had no hopes for the cause of Hungary, and that nothing hut utter ruin would attend the prolongation of the struggle. The war party, however, headed by Kossuth and Rem, and leading members of the Diet, adjourned the body to Aurora. It is said they have already entered upon Turkish territory. Georgy surrendered himself to Prince Paskewitch, on condition that he would intercede with the Austrian Government, for himself, his troops and his country The number of troops said to have capitu ated with him were 27,000, with GO pieces of artillery. Vienna letters of the 17th state that Kossuth intends holding out to the last, and has issued a proclamation announcing the transfer of the scat of Government from Fread to Orehova, where he is now protected by the Hungarian army. The Pope and the French are still at variance. It is said that Louis Napoleon is about to marry the daughter of the King of Sweden. Business was steady in all branches of trade. The Committee quoted for the week ending Sept. 1, Fair Uplands, 5§ ; Fair Mobile 5g ; and Fair Orleans, s|d. The sales of the week ending 25th Aug. were 67,000 bales, of which speculators took 33,000, and exporters G,500 bales. The stock of cotton on hand on the 25th was 073,000 bales, against 587,880 same time last year. Victor Vakoaue's Perilous Ascent tx a Balloon. -rOn the 30th of Aug., Vic tor Vardalle, the celebrated French Bal loonist, who made a number of ascents at New Orleans, head downward and feet up, was to make an ascention from Yaux hall Gardens, New York, on the day sta ted above, and to perform some panto mine tricks in his airy flight. Shortly be fore six o’clock the inflation was comple ted, when the car attached, and on the signal to let go the ropes being given, the excitement became very great. This‘part of the business being managed very unskill fully, the balloon struck against a tree and then went a short distance in a slant ing direction, tearing up a pole which had been several feet in the ground, and to which was still fastened one of the ropes. By the effort of the aeronaut himself and the exertions of one or two in the gardens, this difficulty was surmoun ted, and the balloon ascended amidst the cheers of those on terra Jirma, but it had not proceeded far before it came in vio lent contact with Dr. Gray’s house, in La fayette place, the car lodging on the front, and the main part of the balloon hanging from the chimney top. Vardalle display ed great courage and self possession while in his perilous situation. He tried to open the blinds of the window, which he was unable to do, but he held on untill he was relieved by those inside. At first it was thought that be could not, by any possibil ity, escape with his life. Thousands sur rounded Dr. Gray’s house to see the man, who in a short time made his appearance, and seemed quite unconcerned at what had occurred, and only regretted the seri ous injury which his stock in trade had (tullerod. —Scicntific A mcrican. The Pyramids. BV S. R. GLIDDON. The Pyramids, it is now known, were sepulchres for containing the mummies of the Pharaohs. “As to the epoch of those of Memphis,” says Mr. Gliddon, “these were all built between the times of Noah and Abraham in the scale of Biblical chro nology, and those of Menes, the first Pha raoh of Egypt, and the founder of the first dynasty at Memphis, and the thirteenth dy nasty in collateral Egyptian hieroglyphical chronology. Thus all the Memphite pyr amids existed and were ancient 2,000 years before Christ. All the pyramids in Low er Egypt are 4,000 years old ; and taking the pyramid of Moeris, according to Lep sius' letter, built between 2,1.71 and 2,104 years before Christ, as the last of this se ries, the remainder will successively re cede to above 5,000 years ago.” When a king commencetl his teign, a small isolated hill of rock was fixed upon for his tomb, and a chamber excavated in it, with a passage communicating with the surface. Around and over this a course of masonry was built in a four-sided figure, converging at the top, in general of lime stone, hut in four instances of sun-dried brick ; and if the death took place during the year, this was immediately cased over, and thus a small pyramid formed. If the king lived a second year, another course of stone or brick was added, and soon an other and another, till, as in the case of the Great Pyramid, the solid materials thus piled over the chamber in the rock would suffice for the construction of a city. “The pyramid continued to be increased every year until the death of the king in whose reign it was erected, fresh courses being added each year of his life. When the king died the work of enlargement ceased, and the casing was put on the pyramid.— This was done by filling up the angles of the masonry with smaller stones, and then placing oblong blocks one upon another, so as to form steps from the base to the apex ; alter which, beginning at the top, and working downwards, these stones were levelled oft’at the corners, so as to form one uniform angle, and give a smooth surface to the pyramids, leaving a perfect triangle. * * *' Two conclusions will strike the observer : first, that a pyramid, being smooth from its base to its summit, was by its builders never meant to be re ascended : secondly, that the entrance was hermetically closed, never to be re-opened; although its location, to judge by classical and Arabian traditions of hieroglyphics on the exterior, was probably indicated by a royal tablet or stele, commemorative of the Pharaoh interred in such sepulchre. # * The philosophical deduction from all this is, that the size of the pvt amid is in direct proportion to the length of the king’s reign in which it was constructed, having been begun at his accession, and finished at his death. Large pyramids indicate long reigns, and small pyramids short reigns. The sixty-nine pyramids, therefore, repre sent some seventy or eighty kingly gene rations (two kings having been sometimes buried in the same pyramid,) the last of which race died before Abraham was born. Such is the law of pyramidal construction. Os its importance in chronology the reader can judge. In the Great Pyramid there are several chambers : the Great Hall, the Kings’and Queens’ Chamber, the Well, as it is call ed, <scc. ; and there are air-passages com municating from these with their external surface. The casing stones were eight tons in weight, but were removed by the cabphs, so that the edifice can now be as cended as if by the steps of a stair. There is no danger either in the ascent or des cent; although, in 1831, Mr. Jas. Mayes, an English traveller, contrived to commit suicide by throwing himself from the sum mit. Astronomical Calculator. — The celebrated astronomer, Professor Bessar, ol Konigsberg, by a series of astronomi cal observations on the parallax of the fix. ed star, No. 91, constellation Cygnus, has succeeded in determining its distance to be six hundred and sixty thousand times the radius of the earth’s orbit, or 62,700,- 000,000,000 ofmilps ! Animal Barometer. —Keep one or two leeches in a glass bottle nearly filled with water; lie the mouth over with coarse linen, and change the water every two or three days. The leech may then serve for a barometer, as it will invariably ascend or descend in the water as the weather changes from dry to wet; and it will gen erally come to the surface prior to a thun der storm. Gun Cotton.— Gun Cotton dissolved in an alkali will precipitate metals from their solutions ; and by floating over 'Hass plates solutions of silver or mercury, to which the gun cotton solution has been added, mirrors of a very fine description are readily manufactured. From the Charleston Courier. The Artesian Well. We have been favored with the follow ing letter in reference to the prospect of obtaining a supply of water from the Ar tesian Well, to which we give place with pleasure, and are much pleased to perceive that scientific men continue to feel confi dence in the eventual success of this all important work. South Carolina College, 1 Columbia, Sept. 7, 1849. ) Gen. Wm, E. Martin —Dear Sir—ln yours of the sth, you say the Mayor of Charleston asked you to remind me of his letter on the Artesian Well. I regret that I did not receive his letter. It came and was mislaid, I presume,during my absence (ten days) in the country. When I was in Charleston, July 6th, the Well was, I think, 905 feet deep. I perceived, at once, in fragments of fossils (Anomia argentnria, Ostrea, falcata, See.) conclusive evidence of the fact, that all the more recent formations, including the Burhstone, had been perforated, and that the auger was then in the Cretacious stra- ta, how many feet, I had no means of'judg ing. This opinion was expressed cautious ly to Mr. Welton, and indeed, I said to him that his auger was then at the precise point, geologically, which forms the sur face of the prairies of Alabama, where be had successfully bored many Wells. Still, I said very distinctly, that I was not at all discouraged, and that 1 hoped the city authorities would persevere till good water (essential to the, prosperity of the city) should be obtained abundantly. That it can he obtained, more cheaply than in any other way, by sinking the Weil to the depth of from 1200 to 1500 feet, admits, 1 think, ofvery little doubt. None of the Artesian Wells, with which l am acquainted, terminate in the Burh stone, the lowest and most arenaceous of the Eocene strata, in Alabama, all such \V ells are obtained by boring into the beds of sand and gravel, which lie between the Cretaceous limestones and marls, called prairies, and the older formations. Nor am I aware of a single failure, in that State, to obtain w-ater, when the Cretace ous strata were perforated, and the Well was more than 500 feet deep. True, some persons desisted after boing into the lime stone 600 or SOO feet. The experiment in Charleston has es tablished the important fact, that the Cre taceous strata underlie the city, and that they extend probably around the country, from New Jersey, through Virginia and North Carolina to the Eastern part of South Carolina, where they dip, at a con siderable angle, under the more recent formations, and appear again at the sur tace, much thicker and more fully devel oped in Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Ac. At Charleston, they may be quite thin. There is no probability that they exceed 500 feet ; for though they exceed a tlious saud feet, in some places in the Western uiey form narrow and comparative ly thin beds in the Atlantic States. It has been objected, that the water might not rise to the surface, should the sands under the Cretaceous strata, at Charleston, be penetrated. I can per ceive no reason for such an apprehension. The Ctetaceous strata, on the Pee Dee, are certainly above the level of Charles ton ; and experience has shown, that, when a pervious stratum is reached, at a great depth, the water is certain to rise to the suiface, whether the strata are much in clined or nearly horizontal. I do not mean, however, to express the opinion, based on actual scientific investi gations, that water will be obtaiued short ot 1500 feet. V ere Ia member of your City Council, however, I would certainly vote against the abandonment of the un dertaking at this early period. Some pri vate Wells in Alabama are, I believe,more than 900 feet deep ; and your city can af ford to spend a large sum, injudicious es loi is to piocure good water. A ours, truly, It. T. BRUMLBY. Cotton Culture in India.— The ship Ganges, from Cochin, the port of the dis trict of Coimbatoire, lately arrived at Liv erpool with a large shipment of cottons, grown on the experimental farm, under the management of Dr. White, at Dumvar. 1 he shipments comprise several descrip tions of cotton—the farm-grown New Or leans, of the crop of 184 S-9 ; sample bales ot Mexican cotton, and also farm grown Bourbon, together with the Oopara cotton. These samples, w hich amount altogether to S7I bales.are very interesting specimins inasmuch as they will show the result of different periods of sow ing, and of various desciiptions of seed. (fcs“Two-shilling pieces, called florins, are now coined at the English mint. The Queen lias declared them a legal tender. From the Charleston Mercury. The Trade of Tennessee. The annexed letter from a gantleman i:i Middle Tennessee, which we copy from the Chattanooga Gazette of Friday, gives us a glimpse of the immense agricultural resources of that fertile State. A large proportion of her porducts have heretofore been comparatively valueless for want of a market, and another portion was subject ed to the heavy expense of the long and hazardous voyage to New Orleans. Upon the completion of the Nashville Railroad these will seek an outlet by the Southern Atlantic cities, and will be open to the ener gy and enterprise of our merchants. The Editor of the Gazette says that arrange ments have been made with the Georgia State Road, by which Cotton will bo ta ken from Chattanooga to Atlanta for 25 cents per hundred pounds, and from At lanta to Augusta for 50 cents per hundred pounds. “Giles Countv, Tenn., Aug. 25,1549. W e are glad to learn through the Ga zette, that the Railroad will be completed this full to the river. Our citizens are un animous in desiring to change the current ot trade from New Orleans to the South and are willing this fall and winter to send the whole of their surplus produce— cotton corn, bacon, Ac. to Charleston, Savannah and Augusta. V e cau send from Elk River twenty thousand bales of Cotton, and the amount of Lacon, Corn, Oats, Flour, Ac. cannot be well calculated. Some of our enterprising ci izens con template erecting a Pork Packing House, with the expectation of shipping to Char leston and Savannah. Two of our citizens also, are holding themselves in readiness to bring a light steamboat into the Elk River trade the moment our citizens determine to change their trade to the South. The only difficulty which will stand in the way, after the com pletion ot the road, is the heavy freight of the Railroad. The rate is too high for our people. It is a little more than dou ble the freight to New Orleans. One of our heighbors, last season, sent one half of bis cotton crop to New Orleans and the other half to Charleston, and although he got the best price at the latter place, yet the half sent to New Orleans yielded him the best profit. If the Railroad proprietors can find it to their interest to reduce the rates of freight, you may look for us in your town as soon as our cotton is baled. The penny post age in England increased the receipts in that department, and the reduction in post, age is about producting the same result in our own country, and might it not have the same effect on the Railroad interest 1 V e have anticipated with some enthu siasm, the change of Trade, from New O.leans to Charleston and Savannah, by the way of your Railroad, and nothing but compulsion will drive us down the Tenn nessefe river instead of up it, and we shall ic'inquish with much 'reluctance the idea of freighting on your Road to those great marts of trade. Ours is a rich and fertile valley, aboun ding in eveiy useful and convenient com modity, and the amount of produce we can send down our beautiful little stream is incalculable ; and its influence will be felt upon any Road or in any market. In Giles county, alone, our surplus produce, amounts to one million seven hundred and fifty thousand dollars, and this too, with every inconvenience of getting to market. It will be more than doubled when the route is opened to your markets. 1 expect our citizens w ill send a depu tation to the proprietors of the Road, to asceitain what can be done in reference to the reducation of freight. We are more than anxious, as it will be greatly to our advantage, to take your route to market.” Nashville, and Chattanooga Rail road.—The bonds of the city of Nash ville, says the New York Tribune of the ~4th, ult. given for its subscription to the Nashville and Chattanooga Railroad, were taken as follows : Messrs. Corcoran & §*65,000 ; Elisha & George Riggs, •855,00; Camman Wliiteliouse, $30,000; Meyer & Stucken, $25 000 ; Ward & Cos., $25,000 ; Charnley & Wheelan, $26,000. 'The balance $50,600, is to be divided pro iata in November and January. The remainder of the subscription of the city, it is thought, will not be needed. A large poition ot the bonds went abroad in the steamer, for sale in Europe. The Presi dent of the Company, Mr. Stevenson, went over in the America with the proceeds of this loan in his pocket to buy the iron for the road. ] lie prospects of the road are vsr y 8 ()<) d, as it is connected with the lon gest line of road in the United Staies, con necting the Tennessee with the Atlantic Coast at Savannah and Charleston. The subscriptions to the road are as follows : Private, SBIO,OOO ; Nashville Ci y, $500,- 000 ; Charleston City, $500,000 ; Geor gia Railroad and Banking Company, 000; Bonds guaranteed by the State of Tennessee, $500,000, total, $2,560,000. Estimated cost of road and equipments, $2,500,000. The Crops. Middle Georgia.— The Sandersville Georgian says : “We hear a great deal of coniplaint among farmers in this section on accoun* of the gloomy prospect of the cotton cron. The recent drought and the cotton worm, together with the rust, has and will mate rially injure cotton, to say nothing of its backwardness in the spring. The pea crop also will be short in some parts of the country. There will be perhaps, an aver age yiled of the corn crop.” Alabama.—A correspondent of the Mo bile Tribune, writing from Sumter county under date of 26th August, says: “There is a little sickness in the county but generally of a mild type and few deaths. The heavy rains ceased between the 4th and Bth, since when we have had light showers, beneficial alike to health and the crops. Corn in some sections is very fine but upon the whale, the crop is evidently quite light. Cotton everywhere, so far as 1 can learn, and l have made somewhat extensive inquiries beyond all hope of making more than half a crop. There are hundreds of acres, l am certain, that will not yield more than one hundred pounds of seed cotton to the acre. Peas are choked in the grass to so great a de gree that the crop will be very light. This has been truly a disastrous year to the planters. The injury occasioned by the wet weather has been followed by a no less formidable evil—the worms—and no one can calculate when their ravages will cease The mischief done is already great, and their operations are going on with unahated destructiveness.” The Sumter county Whigs, says: “Notwithstanding the frost, in the abun dance of rain through the summer, we be lieved two weeks since that the crop of Sumter would be as good if not betier than it was last year. But from the ac counts of the ravages of the boll worm given us from every direction, we are sa tisfied that the crop will fall far below that of the last year in this county. Many of them say that they cannot possibly make half a crop, let it turn out as favonably as it may.” Mississippi.— The Aberdeen (Miss.) Democrat says that the worm has made its appearance in every seciion of that county, and the crop, which, ten days since was considered about a half average one is suffering severely. It is thought now that scarcely a third of a crop will be made. The Democrat has heard of whole fields being entirely laid waste, and some that will not veld more than from one to two hundred pounds per acre. In some neighborhoods the wormisonthe increase. Louisiana— The Clinton (East Feli ciana) Whig, of the 29th ult. says: “W e last week mentioned the fact that the boll and army worm were causing considerable injury to the cotton fields. Oui information was derived from two planters of known respectablity and expe rience. Since then our information is of a character to induce the belief that the growing crop of this parish, cannot, under the most favorable circumstances, yield more than one half the quantity expected by the planters, when they pitched their crops. It is the present belief of the most intelligent gentlemen with whom we have had occason to converse on the sub ject, that the army worm cannot but do little damage, the boll worm having left not much for them to prey upon. If the same causes operate elsewhere, to the same extent, we think a million and a half w ill be found too large an estimate of the growing crop.” I exas. — Ihe Marshall Republican of 23d ult. says: “1 he cuterpillers have made their ap pearance in great numbers on the planta tion of Major Hayward, in the vicinity of Tallahassee. They have also been dis covered in less quantity on other planta tions ; but there is no longer a doubt of the fact of their appearance, and will, in a few days, be able to enter upon the work of destruction.” Electricity.— The Laurensville Herald snys “Amongst the numerous uses to which this subtle and most powerful fluid is applied, in none does it promise to confer more benefits upon man, than as a remedial agent in disorders of the nervous system. In the treatment of St. Vitus’ Dance,a most troublesome disease, we have seen electricity used with the happiest results. In Palsy, a disorder heretofore considered almost irremediable, electricity brings about the most gratifying changes. A friend who has been af flicted for several years with Palsy, and who had tried every remedy in vogue, assured us a few days since, that nothing hut electricity made any impression upon the malady—and desired us to call attention to the fact, for the benefit of those afflicted as he was.” A 1 anther Light. —A correspondent has furnished the Federal Union with the following thrilling account : “On the 16th of August, in Ware cou n . ty, on the Alapahaw.two lads, sons of Mr. Stewart, went out to feed some hogs, and had a small dog wi h them and were at tacked by a large Panther or American Tiger. lie first made his attack on the dog, but soon left the dog and laid hold of one of the lads, and tore him to the ground and bit and tore the lad lill he sup posed him to be dead, then scratched and covered him up with dirt and sticks, and then left him and pursued after his brother who had by this time made the best of his way home. The wounded lad finding the tiger gone, rose up out of his grave of sticks, and made his nearest way towards his home, and being severely wounded and nearly famished for water, he recol lected a hole of water in the creek, and directed his course for it; and when he came near the water, he saw the tiger at it, and as the tiger put his head down to drink, the boy went off the other way to wards home ; he had gone but a short dis tance, before he saw bis father and three other men in pursuit hunting him, and he told them where ho saw the tiger last; they went on to the place and found the tiger .-till there, and they put the dogs af ter him—but the tiger did not give an inch of ground, but fought most ferociously and gave one of the and jgs a deadly wound, and then the men advanced in a shooting position, and the tiger seeing the men quit the dogs and sprang upon one Mr. Guttery, and one of the men broke his gun over the tiger and still continued to fight vv ith the bar re!, hut to no effect. The men then drew their knives, cut the tiger's throat and his entrails out, but the tiger never quit hi ing and lacerating with his claws, till the last breath left him. If mortifica tion does not take place, it is possible that Mr. Guttery will get over it.—But as for the boy, there is no clrancc for his recov ery. 1 his tiger was one of the very lar gest of the male kind.” Attempt to Rob.— The Chailcslcn Evening News, of the 10. h inst. says : Iho Postoffice of this City was forcibly entered some time last night by raising the sash of the northeast window which looks into the alley way connecting L.xchange with Gillon street. The iron fastening which secured the lower sash having been broken, a piece of wood which kept it in its place was removed by force and the robbers thence obtained entrance into the ante or newspaper room to the Ninth, leading into the body of the office, wrenching off the lock of the door by the use of a crow-bar. Tlie clerk, whose du ty it was to open the office, states that he entered through the anteroom to the south at the usual hour, and found the above door forced as described, with a largo number of letters opened and strewd a bout the floor of the office. What amount of money has been rifled from letters un der cover it is as yet impossible to ascer tain. All the most valuable packages had been deposited in places of safety. No clue has as yet been found, but the matter is now undergoing idvestigation by the mayor. Atlanta. —The Intelligencer statesthe amount of Cotton shipped from lhat place from September 1, 184S, to September 1, 1849, at 26,370 bales, of which 20,160 were shipped per Georgia Railroad, and 6,120 by the Macon & Western Road.— inis does not include any cotton that pass ed through Atlanta without stopping. Arkansas. —The excitement increases in the western part of Arkansas, in regard to the alleged existence of gold among tlie Wichitamountaius. Continual statements are published to corroborate the original reports. JCPRhode Island has within her small territory 163 cotion mills, consuming an nually 370,000 bales of cotton, and manu facturing 70,000,000 yards of cloth. crops in Maine are said to be good. For the first time in three years, the weevil has not troubled tbc wheat. — The potato is almost ready for digging, and it lias not been injured by the rot. Popping the Question. — A young school miss, whose teacher had taught her that two negatives were equivalent to an affirmative, on being asked by a suitor for her assent to marry him, replied,“No, no.” The swain looked astonished and bewil dered—she referred him to Murray, when for the first time, he learned that “no, no’” meant yes ! EdP’Religion is the very best armor that any man can have, but tho very worst of cloaks.