Newspaper Page Text
4)
FAJ
^HE NEWSPAPER.
%o you, all readers Urn, and the}' cun loot
f*leus’d on a paper who abhor a book;
Those who ne’er rise a sermon to peruse,
Wouil think it hard tone denied their r»ewv
Sinners *nd Saints, the w.scst with the weak,
lie re mingle tastes, anti one amusement seek)
Tfus, like the public inn, provides a treat,
'Where e;tph promiscuous guest sits down to «a£
And such tnis^ncutai food, as we may call,
Something to all men, . mi to some men uiL
Add nest th’ amusement which the motley page
i fiords to either sex and every age:
o! wheie it comes before the winter’s fire
Damps from the press in smoky curls aspire^
if As from the earth the sun exhales the aew)
Ere we can read the wonders that ensue;
'Then eager every eye surveys Ulejiart,
'That brings its favorite subject to the hear*|
tiSrave politicians look for taels alone,
And gravely add conjectures of their own.
The sprightly nymph who never broke her rest
i'or tottering crowns, or mighty lands opprest,
■Finds broils aiiu ti^tues, but neglects them ali
For songs and suits, a birfh-day or a ball:
The piodding man o’erlooks each idle tal*
3por “Money’s wanted, and “Estates on sale;”
While some with equal uiu<ls to all attend,
leas’d with each part and griev’d to find an ends
A SOURY COMPLIMENT.
A fedefal editor in Pniiadelpina toasts Washington,
because he could have enslaved his country, but would
fiot. This contemptible man would make the great
Washington just a little better than Arnold; for the vile
purpose of ilegrading a ■whale nation to otter incense to
, One man'. It is not true, that Washington was the found-
w of American independence—it is not true, that he wms
^‘/Ae father” of ms country. He Wag one of many found
ers, one of many fathers of our liberties. Wny do silly
factionists attempt to sully that great man’s fame, by
•comparisons that are false, and imputations that are odi
ous?—vVb»»For/." Columbian.
BEWARE OK NAMES.
The following admonition to the American people in
line of Oobbett’s late Registers, is worthy of Cato, or dm-
•%Us, or Franklin. .
“Give me leave here, before I proceed further, to cau
tion you against a very dangerous error. I see, much of-
tener than 1 could wish, very exaggerated praise., bestow
ed on the memory of General it ashington, lloubtless
you owe him great gratitude. His skill, fortitude and
tialor, contributed largely towards your success. Rut,
ti> call him the gather of your country, the father of your
independence, is a little too much in our courtly style, and
lias a very dangerous tendency. jVames are always mis-
«hieveous, especially in republics. One name is at last,
put in opposition to another name, and then the public
•oon drop out of sight. Amongst all our innumerable
follies, we have had the sense to get rid of names; and it
would be provoking indeed to see you persevere in this
greatest of all follies, after wti have cast it oil.”—Letter
V JVo. 12.
(Jobbett is certainly right. American independence is
fiot due to one man; -* it had many fathers, and, whilst
Louis the eighteen is styied the father ot France, it is <n
Wilting the memory of the great and good Washington to
give him a similar nick-name.—ib.
. ■ - . __ .... . oriifiung
the state, which possesses tiUun, is so jar ukeiy to be the- -peering our rigi
richest. ;/ -t i ft ■ ‘ ; *r» ♦>
2d >*r<i^onh'oni- i -W!ierever the'*e staples do not flottrish,
where the soil is a hard one, and the waters are destitute
of fish, the state is so fur wanting ah the means of pros
perity. The axe, the plough ami the seine, being com
paratively useless, it must fly to some other means of sup
port; to manufacture, to trade, to navigation.
Which of the United States, then, boasts of die richest
staples?
Wliich of thefn must bend its attention to some other
than agricultural labors? »
One is at no loss to see, that the states, which, have the
richest staples, are so far- superior to o tilers not. only in
their trade with each other, but with foreign ports.
Those, which are most deficient in staples, may be su
perior in commercial capital. They may pureliase and
ship the staples of the other state^jbut tins very operation
so far lays them under debt to the producing states. A
mass of debt is accumulated, in favor of the latter, which
the former must discharge m some other way. Thus, the
balance of trade is most likeij to preponderate in their fa
vor. Thus, when, durhig the late war, there was a door
left open, for die shipment of Carolina cotton, toe north
ern merchants grew in debt to the native of South Caro
lina, lus cotton was bought up, and to pay for it, drafts on
Tl.iis is hot dsEbriry' eaSe in wliich" ofie is astonished at
The perseverance eft the eastern states ui refusing th sup
port the interest*of their own country, (which were
more emphatically dtdr own inlelvs. s.) Nor is on* at any
loss to guess, that centuries will not elapse, beloi-etlie com
petition of interests, of trade and ot the fisheries, will
make A Via England a decided opponent of Ola Eng
land. „ ,
’Vhe it hale Fishery—(says Mr. Pitkin, from yhose
‘valuable production most ot these statements art? com
piled)—“first attracted the attention of the Americans ir.
1690, and origmated at the Island of Nantucket, in vouts
from die shore. In 1715, six sioops, ot 58 tons burthen
each, were employed in this fishery, from that is
land. For many )ears, tlieir adventures were confined
to the American couSt, but as whales grew scarce here,
they were extended to the Western Islands, and to
the Brazils,and at length to die North andtioath bea.”
No particular reports, for the latter years, have come
down to us; but from 1787 to 1789, ninety one vessels,
of 5820 tons, were annually employed in die northern
fishery, and tnirty one vessels,of 4896 ions, in the southern
with 1611 seamen, most ot titm belonging to Nantuck
et, Uoston, Dartmouth, and «thc reports of .Massachusetts.
“Formany years pase, this fishery lus been carried on
Carolina, or what was nearly the same thing, her bank J from Nantucket and from Wcw Bedford, a Us,, e coin-
notes grew in request. In the language ol the money mercial ami flourishing towi( on the coast, in its neigfi-
market, this exchange grew in favor of South Cnrouiia.—- boriiood, .hid has employed fiom 15 to lb tlioushand tons
The same effect was not so striking in tile tr-ue tor the
tobuccoes of Virginia; because the door wws blocked up !
by the squadrons of the enemy. But the moment the,
seal was broken; and tobaccoes could be s.o.ppeu, die ;
balance of trade, the rate of exchange, all rue s\ uipion.s j
of returning prosperity were seen m our h i or.
The same effects are visible ui tne tr-ae wnh foreign
ports, liow do vve &y.for the. articles wi niipcnr—
Principally with the" staple productions of this country,
wita our cotton, tobacco, rice, grains, fish, sugar, &c»—
These are eidier chrecuy shipped to the country whence
we get our goods; or, sent .o other marke s, on whom we
draw bids in favor of the country from which we get
those goods. Without the etportationoi staples, we
snouid be uiuble to p. y for tiie greater part of the goo us
wliich v. e consume, such states, then, as abound in die
richest staples, are so far most likely to have tne balance
of trade in then-favor. Bids ot exchange abound among
them.
Wliich are tiie States, then, distinguished by the richest
StapUs? And, n the t/uasiU:y corresponds wnh the value,
are the most ni-eiv to advance in wealth, anu most ame to
command tne labor, «iid tne f ruits of the labor of other
countries?
The so®th seems most likely, in these respects, to take
the lead of north. Sugar on tiie bailies oi llie Mississippi,
the citcoiu of Georgia and South Carolina; the Vooaceoes
of Virginia, are tne richest because they are confined to
certain spots, and nature seems to have declared to the
powers of supply, “ Thus far shoit thou go mid anu no
farti^r!”
It is stated in the London Evening Star, that more than
.jftie thousand able seamen have emigrated to America
since die termination of the war.
(We had expected it to have been an admitted fact
that we neither look nor long for better seamen Ulan our
own—the first rate British seamen will, most assuredlv,
tiave to play the second fiddle in our service.)'
SKETCHES.
The following series of Sketches have appeared in the
Compiler—and, though .evidently penned in much haste,
■and most of ttieir statements dr-wn from Pitkin’s Sta
tistics, yet they contain a body of facts, which it is not
easy to meet w'ltu any where else m so compact a
•form. We shall pablisn tne eleven Sketches in succession,
. taking care, as we goTlong, to correctsuch errors as had
•crept into the o> .ginal publication.—Aiquirer.
SKETCHES,
Agricultural and Commercial—No. I.
Each section of the United States has sonic particular
-strticlc^wiiich may be styled its staple. The eastern states
liave lumber and ashes from their woods, and fish from
the Great Bank—the middle slates have their grains
Maryland and V irginiu can boast of their tobaccoes and
•wheat—Soudi-Carohna and Georgia appear with tiieir
cotton and rice—Louisiana with sugar, and the -western
states bring to market a sort of oila podidra—a dish of
all sorts, (excepting fish) comprising a variety of articles,
■partly raw, partly manufactured, from tlieir fields
•and tiieir work-shops.
Those states wilhnccess rilv become so far the richest,
■wliich are able to boast of tiie ricliest staple. When an
article requires a peculiarity of soil and climate for its
production, wealth flows into he region which boasts of
these peculiar qualifications. If an article grow in de
mand, the effect is visible by a new supply of it being
thrown into the market . Raise tiie price of wheat, more-
land is immediately sown, and more grain is raised. But
if the supply "is Limited by the laws of nature; if an art i
cle of a peculiar quality demands a particular sun and
soil for its production, the demand may. in a variety of
■oases outrun tiie supply. Competition, the great regula
tor of profit and rent, is stript of its effect. Those, who
have to sell, are more in a situation to dictate the terms of
the treaty to \hose who have to buy. The price of *he
article is iiigherrtban the average price of others more
profit is made, after deducting all expences—and wealth
pours into the lap.
This great principle, which the laws of nature pre
scribe as an exception to the laws of enmnetition^is trac
ed in the 11th Chapter of the 1st Book of Adam Smith’s
“Wealth of Nations.” He applies it to the case of the
Vineyard. “The vine (says he) is more affected by the
difference of soils than any other fruit-tre ?. From some
it derives a flavor which no culture or management can
equal, it is supposed, upon any other. This flavor, real
or imaginary, is something peculiar to the produce of a
few vineyards; sometimes it extends Jffirough the greater
part of a small district, and sometimes through a consi
derable part of a large province. The whole quantity of
such wines that is brought to market falls £hort of the
effectual demand, or the demand of those who would be
■wilting to pay the whole rent, profit and wages necessary
for the preparing and bringing them thither, according
to the-fate at which they are paid in tiie common vine
yards. The whole quantity, therefore, can he disposed
of to those who are Willing to pay more, which necessa
rily raises the price above that of common wine.”
Mr. -Smith carries the same proposition into the sugar
rr intations of the West-Indies, and the tobacco fields of
Maryland and Virginia. He might have applied it with
equal efficacy to the cotton fields of Georgia and South.
Carolina, /re have lived to see its effects in this direc
tion. South-Carolina, cloathed in her cotton, has no
cause to envy the silks of Fra nce, the wools of Spain, or
the mines of Mexico Let her but strike the ground, and
wealth pours profusedLv around her.
SKETCHES, fet —Nd. 2.
“Those states then, are so far the richest which are able
to boast of the richest staple.”
By staple, Ls meant some article, abounding in a parti
cular region, whether it sfirings from the water, the
woods or the fields, which the labor of man gathers from
these natural sources; articles which are comparatively
raw, not manufactured—which come, ns it were, from the
plastic hand of nature; before they are wrought to use
by much mechanical skill.
Of this description, are fish, lumber, ashes, grains, to
bacco, rice, cotton; they are agricultural, more than ma
nufacturing products. Thev seem rather to spring from
nature than art; they are gathered from the fields and the
waters, father than the elaborating work-shops.
Sugar and fiiur. too, are staples, because they not onlff
abound in certain places, but they na*T«-/j>ya>ioiind there
The raw material, of which they are framed, is just as it
were, out of the hands ot nature; the straw or the cane
might have grown in the next field to the mill or the press;
ft r ipwtlj M the swne farm and under the same proprie-
*>r.
Sugar would be the richest staple iifthe Union, fit were
not common to Louisiana, to Georgia, and to tne circle ot
the West Indies. Cotton is more appropriated to Carolina,
than sugar to Louisiana—and so far, it is more lucrative.
Tobacco is as much confined to a particular region of \ ir-
ginia, as cotton ' o Carolina—but it costs more to make
it, olid is less generally used. The grams are less lucra
tive, because they cover a iarg-er space of the civilized
world.
Having thus glanced at the peculiar richness of the sta
ples, it may be an interesting maln r to give a general
view of their amount, exported. In other words, to take
up each article by itself, and ve how much of it is shipped
from the United States. Tins win furnish a sort of general
history of the commercial exports of the United States.
SKETCHES, See. No. 3
Eiroais—Of Staples.
Mr. Gallatin, while he was at the head of the treasury,
classed the zxvouts of domestic growth, produce, and
manufacture, into four divisions—
1st. The produce of the sea.
2d. Theproduce of the forest,
od. The produce of agriculture.
4th. Jtfanu futures; and those which are uncertain.
With the latter, we have.is yet nothing to do—as, we
have confined our views, for the present, to the staple
articles of the country; the products of the soil, or tiie
water.
Mr. Pitkin, in his “statistical view of the commerce of
the United States of America, in connection with agri
culture and manufactures,” has adopted the same analy
tical divisions; winch are useful, not only for the arrange
ment of our own ideas, but as they give us a bird’s-eye
view of difi various pursuits and callings of our fellow-
citizens.
Is—. TUB PHnneCTI OF THE SF.A.
At the very first mention of this name, we are carried
back to New England. The sea is a sort of classic
ground on which the fisherman of the nonth delights to
rove. We feel at once that we descanting on one of
the spiples of the northern states.
The principal products of the sea are drawn from the
fisheries of the cod and tiie whale. The river fisheries, as
those of the herring, the shad, tnesalmon, mackarel, Sx.
though very useful here and there, (as for instance, the
shad from the bosom of the Janies river,) are not large
enough to enter into any general view of our commer
cial exports.
The cod-fishery—from the very cradle, has berii of
great interest to the supply of Massachusetts and New-
Hampslure. Situated more in the proximity of the
«hoals of cod, winch swarm along the banks of New
foundland, they have turned their attention to this source
of subsistance and wealth. The ship builder has been
encouraged ui ills art: thousands of hardy seamen have
been reared in ties nursery of ms profession.
Mr. John Adams, whose heart, amidst all its foibles,
has beat high for the uiteiestfcand glory of his country,
was so aware of the importa/pe of tiie cod-fishery, that
he refused to sign the tre„ty «.f ’83 until the right was ex
pressly reserved to the people of the United States “to
take fish of every kind on the Grand Bunk, and on all
the other bonks of Newfoundland—also, in the Gulf
of Lawrence, and at all other places in the sea, where
tlmmihabitants of both countries used at any time to
fish”—with the liberty also, of fishing on such part of
the coast of Newfoundland, as British fishermen used; and
also on the coasts, bays, and creeks of ail the other parts
of the British dominions, but not to dry or cure die fish
on tne island of Newfoundland—nor on anv of the bays
or harbors elsewhere, except so long as they remained
unsettled.
The cod-fishery did not thrive considerably for seve
ral years—until a representation was made to congress
by the legislature-of Mass .chu etts in 1790, and a lumin
ous report was penned by Mr. Jefferson, then secretary
of state. A law was then passed for giving a bounty on
the exportation of salted fish, as a drawback of the duty-
imposed on imported salt—wliich was followed up bv a
certain compensation to such vessels as were engaged
for a certain number of mondisin the cod-fishery.
Massachusetts owns most of the vessels employed—
though New-Hampshire, Rhode Island, Coifnecticut and
New York participate of the business.
In the year 18vJ~, Was the greatest amount of tonnage
ever employed, being 7d,8o6 tons; of which 62,213 be
longed to Massachusetts. The secretary of the treasury
estimated the nuiuber of seamen, on an average of ten
years, from 1791 to I8uu, at- 50u0, and the average of
tonnage at 33,0JO. From 1801 to 1807, the average of
the tonnage was about 44,000; of seamen, about 7000.
The value of the dried and tiie pickled fish, exported
since 1802, is estimated, according to tiie treasury re
ports, as follows:
Cod or dried fish.
g l,620,000
2,400,000
2,058,000
2,150,000
1,896,000
623,000
1,123,000
913,000
757,000
• 592,000
210,000
128,000
The principal market for our fish have been the West-
bxlies, and the southern parts of Europe-—there is much
demand iii the Utter, principally on account of the lent-
daps of the Roman Catholic church; a season when the
use offlesh is forbidden by the rituals of their religion.
Since the late war, instructions have been issued to de-
n|-u* all tike tibartf, ytff>h h»4 hyn reserved by tuctreh.
and common
s, exported
for the years stated, viz. \
1803," £455,(wo- 1804, $3$,000—1805, <5478,000—
1&0O, gt)jd,ujO—Hiv7, £ a AX u U J—180o, J)lal,oOU—
1809, g.3oj,ood—1510, £o54,0o->—ti-ncc widen penod,
the exports have been diuhiushed.
SKETCHES, &c.—No. 4.
2« mon e rs of |h, fohksT.
These consist of misceilanedkts art.cies, some of the
animal, dtners cf the vegitabie-HBid; sut^e- aunost from
the hand of nature, others more tv less elutiovolea by tne
hand of art.
Mr. Pitkin, (from whose instructive pages we copious
ly borrow,) pursuing in his return tne arrangeinentof the
treasury department, enumerates them in the following
order: lumber of ail kuids, navai stores, (such a* ear,
pitch, turpentine and rosin) pot and pearl ashes, skins
and furs, ginseng, oak li?rk and other ayes,
UusiMzti—has always been vuiU,bu_; and is likely to
grow more so, as it becomes sc. rcer. When North
America was first visited, by tiie foot of. Europeans, die
whole- country was groaning under the? V'eignt of forests.
Tiie Italians, not drawing dieir food from the fields; not
having even made the second step, in the stage e t
civilization, to tiie pastoral state, were- anxious to preserve
their forests and copses fc-r tne asylum of the beasts ot
the cfii.se. As the Europe ans advanced, they Cleared the
country of its woods timber in ail its variety, for fuel,
or for building, became scarcer—and as it becomes Scarce,
tune
it becomes more valuable. It has been
long
1803
. 4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
Tickled fish.
g560,000
640,000
348,000
366,000
302,000
98,000
282,000
214,000
305,000
146,000
81,000
50,000
since Britain was compelled to look a bread for the ma
terials of her raw—and, though the same necessity is
not likely to operate in AmeirCa, yet tiie eiiihcui..cs of
supply must successively contribute to enhance tiie
price. We have always been competent not only to’
supply our own consumption, but to exploit timber for
other countries. Centuriei must elapse, before our f o
rests can be exhausted; though the axe will sweep every
year further and fur her from the rivers and the coasts.
This difficulty alone of inland transportation must con
tribute to the rise of the article. r
“As the first settler* cleared their lands, the timber was
of little value except for exportation. The lumber ex
ported consists of staves and heading, shingles, iioops
and poles, boards, plank, scantling and Umber of various
sorts for masts, spars, building, Stc.” The value of the
lumber exported, from the yearTtiUj to 18u7, exceeds on
an average £2,500,000.
Naval S roans—such as tar, pitch, turpentine ami rosin,
were at an early day encouraged by bounties from Great
Britain. At present, they are principally produced in
orth Carolina, and the lower counties of Virginia. As
the pitch-pine is cut down for thtse purposes, the tree
will become more valuable; much of it, which is else
where devoted to subordinate purpose . for cabins and
for fences, will be reserved for naval stores. “in the
year 177‘J, the quantity of tar exported was 82,075. bar
rels, of pitch, 9114 barrels, and of tuipentme, 17,014”—
their official value estimated at about 144,006 dollars.—
“Sivfce the year 1791, the quantity of these articles has
varied aknost every year; in 1795 nine tiiousand and six
ty-six barrels of tar were exported. During the \ ears
18u5, 6 and 7, tiie average quantity cf tar exported, was
64,917 barrels—cf turpentine, 74,607 bsrrcis; -nd of
pitch, 9008 barrels, and tneir average j aiuc about
£56*0,000.”
Tot and Pearl Ashes—which are of such immense bene
fit in tne arts, particularly the manufactories of linen,
soap, glass, 8tc. were encoura- ed by bounties on tiie part
ot'Greut-Brf.ahi. Their exportation has been considera
bly increased in ■ hese latter years. In 17,7o, tne value of
the ashes, exported for the American colonies, w as esti
mated at about 290,500 dollars—in 1807, they hua grown
to 1,490,000 dollars.
As the- woods are cut down, many of them arc burnt,
to yield these alkalies from thtir aslies. The back parts
of Vermont, New-York and Massachusetts, furnish tiie
largest quantities for market.
Skins and Furs.—The American forests abound with
animals—some of these, such as the deer, the buffalo, and
the bear, were the most dedcious food of the natives;
others were i-ocd for raiment. Such was tiie situation of
things, when the Europeans came to America. They liud
made such advances in Uie aits, that usesflvere discover
ed for peltries, wliich had never been thought of by the
liioccasoutd savage. Some were thrown into the tan
ner’s vat; others, into the hatter’s boiler; and some, for
coverings of various descriptions. As tiie settlements re
ceded from the water, wild beasts fled with the untutor
ed inhabitants from the terror of fire-arms. Hence, we
are compelled to plunge further and further into the
west, for the most valuable peltries. The Indian is still
in most cases the agent of the ciiace; he hunts for the
white man, who reaps the most of his labor. The region
to tiie northwest ot the Ohio, to tiie west of the Mississip
pi, and along the southern line of the United States, is
thus the principal receptacle, whence we draw the furs
and the skins of commerce.
The value of these exports has varied considerably.—
“In the vear 1770, the official value of these articles ex
ported, from all the North American colonies, which in
cluded Canada, was about 670,000 dollars. Tiie average
value, from 1791 to 1803, was about 300,000 dollars;
from 1804 to ’7 inclusive, the annual average value was
about 900,000. It is believed, that during these years,
a large proportion of the furs exported were brought
from Canada, and shipped at the Atlantic ports.”
Ginseng, wliich is chewed in China, a*a stomachic, and
was got from Tartary, (see sir George Staunton’sJournal,)
before they imported it from America, constitutes but a
small export from the United States: In 1770, the ex
port was estimated at £5000. - “The greatest quantity
since 1791 was in I860, being 448,394ibs. and valued at
ll>9,000 dollars.” Much ot the article is shipped from
Virginia. As the native stock becomes more exhausted,
r will grow scarcer and more valuable.
“Oak and other bark -woodfor tanning and dying, have
also become articles of exportation of some vMue. In
1803, they amounted to 225,000 dollars.” Many of these
are proctired in Virginia; but an elegant extract, from
the tanning bnrks, called tannin, is beginning to be ela
burated and exported in lieu of the article itself. The
Sumach Berry, corrupted like many o tiler words, b^vul
gar pronunciation, into Shoe-maker’s Berry, comes under
this class; the Ifesf serves to impart the brilliant color
to red morocco.
The following i? the value of all the exports which are
the products of ths forest, Cur th# years enumerated:
<tti.es, £0 to Great BrififiJ
A scfcetj has fcKen established in MasRachuva.
some Christum ; .ulanthrr pists, to discount^ h
Whatever opinion may be ent< Rained oftl* , lt |£ r % <
Institution, no doubt can exist about the puritv
motives of tilt respectable individuals who con.nrj^ ^
One of tiie strongest arguments f or war in p.u "' s
crowded population, cannot be found in this com,t° 1 *’'
a long penod of time. Tiie fci^-d-ing litters w fc t
ceivtd by tile, founder of this s oc j e ty, in answer to*** *
plication to tfit wretetN for the^. support of its yj,^
■tiny letters coming- B om such eminent men a S y lr ' t ' s
as.s and Mr. Jzfffi.son, nnis t be interesting; b ut ,l Ai
are highly ridratteristte. Av e copy them fr,, m aj*
number of “the Friend of peace,” a work publish',.’ *
der the auspices of this society.-—.'s'fith American •'
view. , ^
MR. JEFFERSON’S ANS-WFR.
JWonticeUo, January 29, f#i*
Sib-—Your letter, bearing date October 18, IM5
only to hand the day before yesterday*, w hich is mere
ed to explain the date of mine. I hV.-e to thank
the pamphlets.'ccomnam ing it, to wit the Solemn p
view, the Friend, of Peace orSr-ecial Interview, fp .i -V,
Friend of Peace, No. 2. Tit*- first of these I had' reefi,^ I
through another channel some months ago. l], 1Ve ' W 'S
read the two last steadily- through, because where "a
assents to proposition as si-on aS announced, it isp
time to read the arguments in support of them, -p* 53 '
numbers discuss the first branch of the causes of wa f g'
is to say, wars undertaken for the point of honor, „Va-
vou aptly analogize with the act of duelling betwen^
dividuals, and reason with justice from the one to*
other. Undoubtedly this class of wars, is in the g tr ^'
whatyou state theta to be, “needless, unjust and ip.'
man, as well aFantichristuin.”
The second branch of this subject, to wit, wpri »nr
on account of wrong dove, and which may be lib-ntil V
the act-of robbery in private life, I pre sume will h,
ed of in your future numbers. T observe this eia.ss - f"
tinned in the Solemn Review, p. 10, and theqnes»mi> %
ked, “l* it common for a nation to obtain a re.h-,*
wrongs by war?” The answer to this question you
courie draw from history; in the me: n time, reason
answer it on j grounds" of probability, tli.t wh 1- •'
wrong has beep done by a weaker n. tion, the stri/r.^
one has generally been able to enforce redrets t,
whtr&by a stronger nation, redress bv war has been ra
ther obtained nor expected by the-leaker; r-u the rn r .,’
rv, the loss had been increased bv the expenses r,f
war, in blood and treasure: yet it rra-- have obtained onot
er 'pbject, equally securing' it self from future wntt?. |i
maydiave retaliated on the aggressor, losses of Mood w
treasure, far beyond the value to him, of the wren? b
iiud committed! and thus have made the advantage -•
thattotadcar a purchase to leave him in a disposition! H
renew the wrong in future; in this w; v, the ioss hv -i e f\
war may-have secured the weaker r> tion from loss bv fj I
ture wrong. The Case yoO state of two boxers, both!
w hom get a “terrible brusinp,” is opposite to this; hf,o{
tiie two who committed the aggression on the other, d.
though victor id the scuffle, yet probably finds bis nggrre
sion not worth the bruising it has cost him. To txn-ain
this by numbers, it is alleged, that Great; Britain trek
from us, before the late war, near 1000 vessels, and that
during the ivarj we took from her 1400; that before‘if
war, she seized, jand made staves of 6000 of our citizen,
and that in the War we killed more than 6000 of her sub.
jects, and caused her to expend such a sum as amoun’tc
to 4 or 5500 guineas a head for everv slave she made.-
She might have purchased the vessels she took, for lea
than tiie value -f those she lost, and have used tiie 6»/,
of her men ki.lt-d, for the purposes to which sheap.
plied oar’s, have saved the 4 or 5000 guineas a head, anf
obtained a character of justice, which is valuable to 1
nation as to an individual. These considerations thfrr-
fore, leavabfier without inducement to plunder xu.
perty ancfPra-ke men in future on such dear tern—
I neither affirm nor deny the truth of these allfg-.nfs,
nor is their truth material to the question; they are pots,
ble, and therefore presenta case which will claim vcw
considei-ation, in a diseu9ticn of the general qnestan;
whether any degree of inj.iry can render a recourse ts
war expedient?! Still less do I propose, to drew to rr-
self any part in this discussion. Age andits effe cts bn’l
on body and mind, has weaned mV attentions from pi
Tic subjects, and left tne unequal to the labours etc r-
respor.dence, beyond the limits of my personal concrej.
I retire, tberefone from the question, with a sinctre js5
that your w ritings may have effect in lessening this gr-at- j
est of human evils, and that you may retain life arm hef.i, 1
to enjoy the contemplation of ibis happy spreiatk; ard
pray you to be assured cf my great respect.
. - . Tblmas JsrFEBtOF. _
1813
4
5
• 6
T
8
9
10
n
u
13
U
£4,859,000
4,630,000
5,261,000
4,861,000
5,476,000
1,399,000
4,583,000
4,978,000
S,286,000
3,701,000
U07.0C0
570*000
“The artieleB of we eemied, principally, to the
W est Indies except stave* and heading; manv of wliich
MR. ADAMS’ ANSWER.
Quinry, Fehretary 6, 181ft
Okati Sin—I have received vourkind letter of th<-23?
of January, and I thank you for the pamphlets tr-ciostd
with it.
It is very true, as my excellent friend, Mr. Norton, fus
informed you, that I have read many cf your pubic-:, s
with pleasure.
I have also read, almost all the days of rnv lif . t
solemn reasonipgs and patl.etic declamations ol Kr x
of Fenelon, of St. Pierre, and many others against
and in favor of peace. My understanding and n,v hex
accorded with them, at first blush. But ai.s' - Inert
and more extensive experience has convinced r
wars are as necejssary and as inevitable, in our s> salt, s
hurricanes, earthquakes and volean013.
Our beloved country, sir, is surrounded by enemas,if
the most dangerous, because the most powerful and ni- >*
unprincipled character. Collisions of national interests’
commercial and manuficturing- rivalries, are multiply:"
around us. Instead of discouraging a. martial spin’, n
my opinion, it ought to be excited. We have not enough
of it o defend us by sea or land.
Universal and perpetual peace appears to me, no mere
nor less than everlasting passive obedience, and non-rt-
sistance. The human flock would soon be fleeced -t'
butchered by ope or a few.
I cannot therefore, sir, be a subscriber or a member cf
your society.
I do, sir, most humbly suplicate the theologians, ths
philosphers, and politicians, to let me die in peace, i
seek only repose.
With the most cordial esteem however, I am, sir,your
friend and servant, Joax Ahass,
From Late London Papers.
Coxv* of L axcek*—The commander in chief, means ta
introduce that powerful auxiliary to the system, a corps cf
bfficers constituted upon Polish principles. They art to
be attached to each regiment of cavalry, for the express
purpose of operiiting in a similar manner as the
rifle corps belonging to the infantry. Arr.ngcnants
were made about amonth since; aud captain Peters »'-*
■elected to drill 50 picked men, all under 35 ycai-s of .Th
•nd five feet eight inches in height. Tne utmost dili
gence wa* exercised to perfect this little force, ami they
had arrived, about a week since, at such peifce'.ion os to
receive the almost unqualified approbation c-f tin .* 11
ter. Things being thus speedily accelerated, a 1 a tta *
appointed for the review, and on Saturday it took pisce,
in the queen’s riding house, at Pimlico.
The men were drawn out in line at 11 o’clock precise
ly, dressed in jackets and trowsers, and cloth i-j-s . nd
bonnets. Each plan mounted on a charger, c-rrkd *
lance, sixteen feet long; about twenty one inches from the
point, appeared a flag. The onpesite extremity sna
confined m a leathern socket, affixed to the stirrup.-”
They also had Sabres by their sides and holster prim**
in the saddlebow. The lance was supported near the
centre by a loose string through which each man thrust
his arm, and then, the lance reclined in the rear, which it
always did after the sword was brought into use. The
different cavalry modes of attack were resorted to with
the •Word anrl lan#*p when the Ivt.ter
the sword and lance alternately; when the latter was 1
some very original and pleasing manoeuvres were prac
tised with complete success. Particularly when the
figure eight was formed by the different bodies, within »
very narrow space.
FIRE. . . ..
1 o’clock on the night of the 4th ins*, the inhume
•e alarmed bv the erv of fire. It took place m
_r «. rdf*
FIRE.
At two 1
tlints were ^ ^
negko house next to Mr. D. M'Kay’s, on tiie upper cor
ner of the nertheast square from the court house; t
house was consumed, but from the exertion of the c«-
zen «, the fire cowniwtti tm M efeer.—If dnkfitpojy
w-ti