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SAVANNAH REPUBLICAN.
Wednesday Evening, Dec. 11, 1^81 G,
■ r l > i i C==~ '■ ——-
PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE.
From the National Intelligencer Extra, 3d instant.
This day, at 12 o'clock, the President of the United
States transmitted, to both Houses\>f Congress, tne fol
lowing Message, by Mr. I odd, his Secretary-.
Fellow-citizens of the Senate,
and of the House of Representatives,
In reviewing the present state f Qur country,
our attention cannot be witnheld lhe * etfect
nroduced bv peculiar seasons, winch have very gen
erally impaired the annual gifts of the earth and threaten
Scarcity in particular districts. Such however, 1S the va
riety of soils, of climates, and of products, w»tj.m t<ur ex
tensive limits, that the aggregate resources for subsis
tence, are more than Sufficient tor the aggregate wants.
And as far as an economy of consumption, more than usu
al may he necosSarv, our thankfulness is due to Provi
dence for what is far move than a compensation, in the
remarkable health which li..s distinguished the present
' Amidst the advantages which have succeeded the peace
of Europe, and that of the United States with Great Bri
tain, in a general invigoratian of industry among us and
fo the extension of our commerce, tne value of wh.cn is
more and more disclosing itself to commercial nations, it
is to be regretted that a depression is experienced by par
ticular branches of our manufactures ana by aport.onuf
our navigation. As the lust proceeds in an essential de
cree from an excess of imported merchandize, w.nch
carries a*check in its own tendency, the cause, m its pre
sent extent, cannot be of very long duration The evil
will not, however, be viewed by congress, without a re
jection, ^at manufacturing establishments if suffered
tosh* too low, or languish too long, may not revive, af
ter die causes shall hav e ceased, and that, m the vic.s*!-
tudes ofhumin affairs, situations may recur, mwln.ha
dependence oil foreign sources, for uuhspensable sup-
plKay be among the most serious embarrasmems
P The depressed state of our navigation is to be ascribed,
in a material degree, to its exclusion from the colonial parts
cff thTnation most extensively connected with us in com
merce andtromthe indirect operation of that exclusion.
P^tv.m.s to the late convention at London, between
the (United States and Greater ham, the relative state o
Ihe navigation laws of the two countries, growing out of
IZ ft'tvof 1794 had given to the British navrgaUon a
the treaty . ^ tbe .American, in the inter
Course^between foe American ports and British ports
in Europe The convention of -London eqaai-
iTed the laws of the two countries, relating to loose
ports leaving the intercourse between our ports and the
ports’ of the S British oolomes, subject, as-before, to die
respective regulations of the parties. I he Brm.h go-
respec , „rr now regulations which prohibit a
toPde m be n tween its ponies and . the United States, * Ame-
vessels, whilst they permit a trade m Bntish vessels,
the American navigation loses accordingly, and the loss
is augmented by the advantage which is given to tne
Britifh competitioioOver the American in the navigation
between our ports a*d British ports in Europe, by the
circuitous voyages, enjoyed by tie onc. andrmt enjoyed
by The reasmiab 1 ene9s of the rule of reciprocity, applied
to one branch of the.commercial intercourse, has been
pressed on our, part as equally applicable to botlb
branches: but it is ascertained, thgt the British cabinet
declines all negdeiatinn on die subject; with a disav owal
however, of any disposition to yiew jn an un&wiuH*-
lie^ht whatever countervailing. regulations the-Xnttc&
Suite’s may oppose to the regulations of which they com-
nlain The wisdom of the legislature will decide on the
course, which, Uftder these circumstances, is prescribed
bv a joint regard-to the amicable relations between the
two nations, and to the just interests of the United
[ have the satisfaction to sfjv^e, generally, that
lin in amity with foreign f*>Vtrs . . _ ..
An occurrence has-?Gideed, takeKplace in the Gulf
Mexico, which if sanctioned by-the Spanish govern-
>nt may make an exception as to that power. Acc.wt-
ng to the report of our naval commander, on that sta
in one of our public armed vessels was attacked by
overpowering force, under a Spanish commander,
d the American flag, with the officers and crew, in-
Ited, in a manner calling for prompt reparation. This
a been demanded. In the mean time,, a frigate and
taller vessel of war have been ordered intq that Gulf,
r the protection of our commerce. It u ould he im-
oper to ornitj that the representative of his Catholic
aiesty, in the United States, lost no time in giving the
-ongest assurances, that no hostile order could have
lariated from his government, and that it wid be as
adv to do as to expect, whatever the nature of the case
,d the fnendi/’relations of the two countries, shad be
und to require. ■ ■ . . „
The posture of our affairs with Algiers, at the present
omeiTt, is not known. T* Boy,. dr-wing pretexts
om circumstafices for which the^United States were not
iswerabie, addressed a letter to this government, de
wing the treaty last concluded with him, to have been
mulled by our violation of it; and presenting, as die
tentative, war, or a renewal of the former treaty, which
initiated, among other tilings, an annual tribute. The
swer, with an explicit declaration that the United
atfes preferred War to tribute, required his recognition
d- observance of the treaty last made, which abolishes
bute, and the slavery of our captured citizens. The
suit of the answer has not been Tcceived- Should he
new his warfare ofr-© up- commerce, we rely on the
©tection it will find in our naval force actually in the
editerranean. . .
With the other Birbary states, our affairs have under-
ne no change. . . ..
The Indian tribe station our limits-appear also dispos-
to remain at peace. From several of them purchases
lands have been made, particularly favorable to the
shes and security of our frontier settlements; as well
to the general interests of the nation. Ip some install-
s, the titles, though not supported by due proof, and
ashing those of one tribe with the claims of another,
,ve been extinguished by double purchases; the benev-
ent policy of the United States preferring the augmen-
O expense to the hazard of doing injustice; or to the
iforcement of justice, against a feeble and untutored
ople, by means involving ©r threatening an effusion of
ood. I am happy to add,, that the tranquility which
is been restored among the tribes themselves, as well
between them and our own population, will favor tne
sumption of the work of civilization, which had made
i encouraging progress-among some tribes; and that The
cility is increasing, for extending that divided and
dividual ownership, which exists now in moveable
■operty only, to the soil itself; an<k-of establishing
the culture arid improvement of if, the triie foundation
r a transit from'the habits ©fill?savage, to the arts and
unforts of social life* j, ’ai-t- * -
At a subject of the highest ;T!.norta»ice to the pation-
wi lfare, I must, again, earm stiy recommend to the
msidefation of Congress, a re-organization of the mi-
ia, on a plan which will form it into classes, according
the periods of life more and less adapted to military
rvicek. An efficient militia is authorised and contem-
atedby the constitution, and required by the spirit and
fety of free government. The present organization of
ir militia is universally regarded as less efficient than
ought to be made;-:and no Organization can be better
lculated to giye to it its d.« force, than a classification
K lc h wlil assign the foremost place in the defence of
e country to that portion of its citizens, whose, activ-
. jhjd animation best enable them to rally to its stand-
J Besides the consideration that a time of peace is
e time when the change can be made with most cofi-
nience and equity, itwUlnowbe aided by the expen
se of a recent war, in which thenulita bore so mfor-
Conirces'i'wQl call to mind, that no adequate provision
i vet been mad* for die unifownity of weights and mea-
also contemplated by tile constitutionThe great
llit y of a standard, fixed * its fixture, awi founded on
, easy rule of decimal proportions, is sufficiently obvi-
a It led the government, at an early stage, to pre-
ratory steps fiw introducing it* and a completion of
I vok will be to ^public gratitude,
we re-
The importance which I have attached to the estab
lishment of g, University within this District, on a scale
and for objects worthy of the American nation, induces
ne to renew my recommendation of it, to the favorable
consideration of Congress: Aad I particularly invite again
their atlention to the expediency of exercising their ex
isting powers, and where necessary, of resorting to the
prescribe d mode of enlarging them, in order to effectu
ate a comprehensive system of roads and canals, such as
will have Ihe effect of drawing more closely together
every part of our country, by promoting intercourse and
improvements, and by increasing the share of every part
ill the common stock of national prosperity.
Occurrences having taken place which shew that the
.statutory provisions for the dispensation of criminal jus
tice, are deficient in relation both to places and to persons
under the exclusive cognizance of the national authoritv;
aiVAraendment of.the law, embracing such cases, u ill
merit the earliest attention of the legislature. It will hi
a Reasonable occasion, nls", for inquiring how far legis
lative interposition may be further ixijciwie in providing
penalties for o.'fences designated in the constitution or
in ihe statutes, and to v, hi;!: eilher no penalties are an
nexed, or none with . ..leient certainty. And I submit
to the v. i dpni of Congress, whether a more enlarged re-
visal of the criminal code be not ex, salient, for the pur
pose of mitigating, in certain cases, penalties which were
adopted into it antecedent to • xpeilmcnts .,nd ex.unpies
which justity anti recommend a more lenient pouev.
The United States having- been tiie first to abolish with
in the extent of their authority, the transportation of the
natives of Africa into slavery, fcv prohibiting, the intro
duction of slaves, and by punishing their citizen ', parti
cipating in tin- traffic, cannot I ut be gratified at the pro
gress made by concurrent efforts of other nations, to
wards a general suppre ssion ot so great ;in evil. They
must feel, at the sum:: u:..e_. the . real. r solicitude, to g.ve
the fullest efficacy to li. ir oar, regulations. With that
view, the interposition of Congress appears to be requir
ed, by. the violations and evasions which, it is suggested,
are chargeable on unworthy citizens who mingle in the
slave trade under foreign flags, and ■frith foreign ports;
and by collusive importations of slaves into the U.iited
States through adjoining ports and territories. I present
■The subject to Corgread," with a full assurance of their
disposition to apply all the remedy which tail be a horded
by an amendment of the law. The regulations which
were intended to guard against abuses of a kindred cha
racter, in tile trade between the several states, ought also
to be rendered-mofie effectual for their humane object.
Tq these recommendations, I add, for the considera
tion of Gongress, the expediency of a re-modification of
the'judiciary establishment, and of an additional depart
ment in the executive i/Vaiich of the government.
' The first is called for* by the accruing business, which
necessarily swells tiie Juries of the federal courts, and
by the great and widening space, within which justice
19 to be dispensed by them. The. time seems to have ar
rived,-which claims for numbers of the supreme court
a relief from itinerary fatigtfes, incompatible, as well with
the age which a portion of them will always have attain
ed as with the researches and preparations which are due
to their stations, and to the juridical reputation of their
country. And considerations equally cogent require a
more convenient organization of the subordinate tribu
nals, which may be accomplished without an objectiona
ble Increase of the number or exgCTce of the judges.
The extent and variety of executive business, also ac
cumulating with the progress of our country, and its
gtsatfing population, call for pfi Additional department,
to be charged with duties now overbm ilcning other de
partments, and with such as' have not been annexed to
any ^epaftinent.
The caurse of experience recommends as another im
provement in the executive est ablishment, tjjat the pro
vision for the station of attorney general, whose resi
dence at the seat of government, official connections
with it, and management of the public business before
the judiciary, preclude an extensive participation in pro
fessional emoluments, be made more adequate to nis
services and his relinquishments; and that, with a view
to his reasonable accommodation, ami to aproperdepo-
sitoxy of his official opinions and proceedings, there be
included in ti.e provision the usu..i appurtenances to a
public office.
In directing the legislative attention- to the state of the
finances, it is a subject of great gratification to find, that,
even within the short period which has elapsed since the
return of peace, the revenue has far exceeded all the cur
rent demands upon the treasury, and th^t, under any
probable diminution of its future annual produet, which
the vicissitudes of commerce may occasion, it will afford
an ample fund for the effectual and early extinguish
ment of die public debt. It has been estimated, that
tim ing the year 1816, the actual receipts of revenue at
The treasury, including the balance at the cominencenjent
of tiie year, and excluding the proceeds of ffoanstind
treasury notes, will amount to about tiie sum gf forty se
ven millions of dollars; that during the same year, the ac
tual payments at the treasury including the payment ol
the arrearages of the’War department, as well as tiie pay
ment of a co isiderable exi oy-, bey ond the annual appro
priation, will amount to abSiil the sum of thirty eight mil
lions of dollars; and that, consequently, at the close of
the year, there will be a surplus in tne treasury of about
the sum of nine millions of dollars.
Ihe op< rations of the treasury continue to he obstruct
ed by difficulties, arising from the condition of the na
tional currency; but they have, nevertheless, been efieclu-
al, to a beneficial extent, in the reduc'ion of the public
debt, and the establishment of the public credit. The
floating debt of treasury notes, and to npurary loans,
w ill soon be entirely discharged. The ag; -'ale ol the
funded debt, compos d of debts incurred da. mg die wars
of 1776 and of 1812, has been estimated, wim reference
the first of January next, at a sum not exceeding one
hundred and ten millions of dollars. The ordinary an
nual expenses of the government, for the maintenance of
all its institutions, civil, military, and naval, have been
estimated at a suni less than twenty five millions of dol
lars. And the .permanent revenue, to he derived from
all the existing sources, has been estimated ut a sum of
about twenty-five millions of dollars.
Upon this general view of the subject, it is obvious^
that there is only wanting to the fiscal prosperity of the,
government, the restoration of an uniform medionrof ex
change. The resources and the frith of the nation, dis
played in the system which congress has establi .lied, en
sure respect and confidence both at home and aoroa —-
The local accumulations of tile revenue have already en
abled the treasury to meet the public engagements in fi.e
lo c ai currency of mqst of the states; and it is expected
that the same cause will produce the same effect, through
out the union. But, for the interests of theicoiiununity
at large, as well as for the purpose of the treasury,-it is
essential that the nation should po- si ss a currency bf equal
value, credit and use, wherever it may circulate.—
The constitution has entrusted congress, exclusively,
with the poWer of creating and regulating a currency of
that description; and the measures which were taken du
ring the last session, in execution of the power, give every
promise of success. The bank of the United States has
been organised under auspices the most iavorable, and
cannot fail w be an important auxiliary to those meas
ures.
For a more enlarged view of the public finances, with
a view of the measures pursued by the treasury depart
ment, previous to the resignation of the late secretary', 1
transmit an extract from tiie last report of that officer.—
Congress will perceive in it, ample proofs of the solid
foundation on which the financial prosperity of the nation
rests; and will do justice to the distinguished ability' ana
successful exertions with which the duties of the depart
ment Were executed during a period remarkable for its
difficulties and its peculiar perplexities-
The period of my retiring from the public service, be
ing at littie distance, I shall find no occasion mote oi-oper
than the present, for expressing to my fellow citizeiis mv
deep sense of the continued confidence and kind support
which I have received from them. My grateful recollec
tion of these distinguished marks of their favorable regard
can never cease; and, with the consciousness, that if I
have hot served my country with great ability, I have ser
ved it with a sincere devotion will accompany me as **
source of unfailing gratification.
Happily, I shall carry W'itli me from the public theatre
other sources, which tlios# who love their country most
will best appreciate. 1 shall behold it blessed with tran
quility and prosperity at home, and with peace and res
pect abroad. I can indulge the proud reflection, that
the American people have reached in safety and success
their fortieth year as an independant nation; that for near
ly an entire generation, they have had experience of their
prjgent qorutitution, jfic etypripg Of U&sjistfffeed
deliberations and of their free choice; that they havgfound
it to bear the trials of adverse as well as prospc+oiis cir-.
cumstances to contain, in its combination of the federate
and" elective principles, a reconcilement of public slr< ngth
with individual liberty, of national power for the defence
of national rights, with a security against wars of
injui^ice, of ambition, or of vain glory, in the fun
damental provision which subjects all questions; of war
to the will of the nation itself, which is to pay its costa
and feel its calamities. Nor is it less a peeuiiVr felicity
of this constitution so de..r to us all, tiiat k is.fiiu.-id to
be capable, without losing its vital energies, of expanding
itself over a spacious territory, with the increase, and
expansion, of the community for whose benefit it Was
established.
And may I not be allowed to add to this gratifv ir.g spec
tacle. that I shall read, m the cliaractef or ehe Ann. neap
people, in their devotion to true liberty and to the con--
stitntion which is its palladium, sure presages, that die
ucs-incd career ot my c Tuury will exhibit a government
pursuing the public good ax hs sole objertj and reguiat-
ing ns means by tne great principles consecrated in its
charter, and by those moral principles-to wnich they
are so wed allied: A government wnieh \, p ..tch-S ov:;r the
purite »,i elections, the freedom - f speech and of ti.e
pn ss. .ie tral by jury,: ml die equal interdict agar s', en
croachments and Ci.aipi.e’k between religion arnl me
state, which maintains inviolably the maxims ed' public
faith, t he security ot persons and property and encour
ages, me very authorised mode, that general diffusion of*
Knowledge wh.c^guarantees to p-.hl.c liberty Us penna-
l,.d to Those who possess tiie messing, '.he true
e-jowi.eot ,f. ; A government which avoids intrusions
OH t.ie ■■Jilemal reprise oi other nati-ms, and repels them
tiom us o vlip winch does justice to ail nations v/iih a
rca. ..It ss.yqma to tiie firmness witii which it requires
justice iiqan them; and which, v. lu st it refines us do
mes, ic eode from every ingredient not congcim 1 with the
precepts of an enlightened age, with the senuiitei is ot
a Vii-ui, ms people, seeks, by appeals to reason, and by its
libergl .examples, to infuse into the law v. hich governs-
the civilized world a spirit which may diminish the fre
quency, or circumscribe the calamities of War, and mtiio-
r.tte the social and beneficent re! ‘->ns iff peace; a gov.
ernment, in a word, whose conduct within and wiii.out.
may bespeak the most noble tit ail ambitions, that of n\*
moting peace on earth and good will to man.
1 Lose contemplations, sweetening' the remnant of my
days, will animate my prayers fur the happiness of my
beloved country', and a perpetuity of the institutions
uqder which it is enjoyed. Jam ns M., a i ,o.\.
Washivoton City, December 3.
Both Houses of Cunohesn formed quorum yesterday t
a large majority of both beung- present.
Nothing but business of course was done in either
House, if we except the early bio-.v aimed at the unfor
tunate compensation law, w hich is no duht destined l*
an ymiiinciy end.
• We understand th *, the Minister of Fiiaxce has, since
his arrival in tt*js city, been favorably received by the Pre
sident. Whatever difference of opinion there may have
been on a delicate subject, intimately connected with
our institutions, respecting which it is difficult for foreign
governments to form correct opinions, w e cannot doubt,
after the friendly explanations which it is understood
have taken place, that just sentiments will be entertained
respecting them, and that no interruption will occur in
tiie amicable relations existing between ti.e United States
and liis Most Christian Majesty.
The legislature of Indiana have elected the following
gentlemen electors of President and Vice-President, by
the v ote below, the whole number of votes given in being
27: * b
J. B. ffollman - - - - 36
Thomas 11. Blake - - - 36
Gen. Bartholomew - ... 24
Those gentlemen are all republicans, and will support
Monroe and I omkins. Mr Blake is well known in ibie
City, whence he emigrated to the western country about
two years ago.
A resolution has passe J one branch of the legislature
of Massachusetts. :iu,l another lias been introduced into
the legislature ot \ irginia, strongly censuring the con
gressional compensation law, and instruotingthe Senators
and representatives iu use their exertions to procure its
repeal.
.Steam Presses.—A French paper contains the follow,
ing: In England steam presses continue to succeed, and
several Journals employ them. They are of three sorts;
the single preBs, which throws off from 90ti to 1000 co
pies an hour; the double press, winch in die same tunc
throws off to the amount of 1,600 copies: and the perfect
press, which makes register of itself, w ithout the use of
points mutilating the paper. The working of one of
these presses, which despatch us much work as 21 press
men and 12 presses (an exaggeration) requires oney the
labor of a man anil a br>y to place and take off the sheets.
Their first mover is the s’eam engine, which cost about
120 Louis, but fur'Which the burning of coals is indis-
icn.- ide. It -vouin b- useless f u employ wood in it; ami
die former of these combustibles can only be replaced de
water or horse power. These tm s.w s have not yet bee
introducedimo Germany, but some public Journals pre-
pose to employ thc.u. 1
Canandaigua, Movenvi&r 10.
We are sun v to hear from Lake Ontario that
f'BVjjKhotmer.s were driven ashore and lost near
Cape Vincent, during the late violent gales.
Considrable damage has been sustained in the
loss of property, but happily the lives of all on
board were saved.
The French marshal count Grouchy, passed
through tliis village on Sunday last, on his
rout t.» New.Vork, from a vi=.it to the fails of
.Niagara
COM MEXD ABLE PROM PTITUOE.
As soon as it vvas known to the governor of
the Mississippi Teritory, that an du^age had
been committed by a ripanLh squadron on the
United States’ schooner Firebrand, he forewith
issued a general order ior a detail from the ryiit-
tia under his command, of 12 companies, of in
fantry, to be prepared and held iu readiness to
march at the shortest notice, requirelffg also the
cavalry, and companies of artillery to hold them
selves ready to take the lidd when ordered.-,-
aVurfoik Herald. 'f
His excellency Jonathan Russell, our late
minister at the court of Sweden, arrived atProvi-
dence on Friday last. He has brought out a
commercial treaty with Sweden, signed at
Stocknolm, September 5, and it is reported a
like treaty with Denmark.—Boston Daily Ad
vert issr. ——
Huntsville, October 8, 1816.
All white men sealing on Cherokee lands
and who have not a written permit from the
.Agent ot the nation, are hereby ordered to drive
off their stock within twenty days, and remove
themselves and families within thirty days after
the date ot this. All individuals not attending
to this notification, and those who may be found,
hereafter trespassing on the Cherokee Territory,
wjll be prosecuted to the extent of the law, an*4
their stock forfeited to Lire public.
' ANDREW JACKSON,
Major General Commanding.
On Wednesday la«t, the honorable James Fen*
ler, Thomas G. Pitman, Edward Wilcox, esqs.
republicans, were chosen by the freemen of this
state, electors of president and vice-president of
the United States, without OPPOaiUOtt—Ifcoiri-
cfencp Fatriot t 234 nit.