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ORIGINALLY thTVreeft nation m Eu
rope, France gradually fuffred its liberties
to be absorbed in royal prerogative, and the
states general, a confiitut tonal lcgiftuivc
power, intended as a control on ihe c xecu
tive power, had long been difpenlcd with,
so t at the government ended in absolute
monarchy. The parliament of Parts, which
was only a court of justice, under color of
opposing royal prerogative, had often at
tempted to become, and afte&ed to confider
itfelf as the guardian of the people, and of
representing the dates general; but all their
efforts against the royal power only termin
ated in irs more firm eftabiiffment, until
the last effort, which overturned it entire
ly.
The French are violent, quick, generous,
and enthusiastic; but cool deliberation, a
sense of justice, an attentive regard to max
ims of prudence, are necessary in either a re
publican or mixed government. In all thp
assemblies of the states general, previous to
1789, the impatience of fome, and the en
thusiasm of offers, enabled the court to tri
umph. In the last meeting,, when the cur
rent of public opinion set in another directi
on, it was with a violence that nothing could
resist, and the monarchy vras speedily swept
away, together with every institution attach
ed to it.
The power of the many was the firft sub
stitute for the power of the few; but this is a
despotism in which there is no jufti.ee, no
fafety, no protection, which ha* at all times
been short lived, and individual tyrants
have started up and governed in its name. T
Several such have governed in France with
great severity, until at last a general of un
common personal merit and abilities has ven
tured to ameliorate the state of the people,
and to govern with mildness and moderati
on. How it will be when the course of e
vents put the reins of government into
feebler hands is very uncertain; but it is to
be hoped, for the fake of humanity, that
experience will teach moderation, and mo
deration set bounds to enthusiasm.
Extent in (quare miles, 149,000
Number of inhabitants, 26,000,000
Number of persons to a square
mile, - : 174
Exient in Engl iff acres, 95,000,000
N umber of acres of land to one
person, j 3 2-3
Revenue in pounds sterling, 19,000,000
Public debts, 250,000.000
Eand forces in tjme of peace, 2 25,000
Ditto in time of war, 500,000
Number of seamen in time of
peace, 24,000
Ditto in time of war, 120,000
Ships of the line, 75
Frigates, Hoops, &c. 185
Leagues of seacoast, 470
Number of inhabitants in the
capital, 789,000
Number of cultivated acres, 75,0003000
Revenues of the clergy, reck
oned before the revolution, 25,000,000
Exports to England, 45,000
Imports from do. . 150,000
Great divisions of the country* 17 ,
Chief towns, Paris, Lyons, Marseilles,
Bourdeaux, Nantes, Strafburg.
Longitude of central point, 2 and. 30 m. eafl.
Latitude of do. 46 and. 30 m. north.
Longitude of capital, 2 and. 20 m. east.
Lititude of do. 48 and. 50 in. north.
Religion, Roman Catholic.
Amount of taxes on each person, 145. Bd.
There is not a more fruitful country than
France, but there are few mines of any fort
in it, consequently the exports conftfl chiefly
of wines, fruits, and manufadures of a finer
Kind, for which that nation is famous; giv
ing in general the law in matters of taste aad
fafficm to ail the nations of Europe.
. • ’ *'■
Bills of Exchange on London
roll SALE BY
JOHNS TON, ROBERI SON, and CO
i BOSTON
Extract of a letter received by a gentleman cii Marble-
K beadfrehn bis jj.mat Gurngna, (on the Sfanijh Main)
dated i6tbjtfl'Av?uJlj.t&S2e ‘
“ ~XT ESTERDAri morning, as I was going iip the ri
jL ver in in/ Tong boat, and being abo.nt half way
up, there occurred a ‘.very severe fiiock of an earthquake,
which alarmed me beyond imagination. The rive/where
I then was was only fix feet deep. The firft tffedl which
I perceived was the laud in motion exactly like the waves
of the sea, the people al! quitting their honles, and failing
on their knees, pray ing for protection. The bottom of the
river rose in such a manner as to itrike the boat's bottom to
l'everely that it broke off the rudder as I was fleering it.
The shock lasted but a very little while. I got on Ihore
as quick as poifible; and my apprehensions were much
heightened from feeing the earth opened in one place from
60 to 100 feet in length, and from 30 to 40 feet broad,
which before Was cultivated,, but now is a body of water.
Ail the way up the river, on the right hand, the land was
laid open more or lei's, and many boufes and trees were
lhaken down. When I got up to town I found all the
people in the streets; they had run out through fear of be
ing buried in the ruins of, their boufes. About 12 o’clock
was another 1 shock, I think heavier than the firft; the
houses that were handing were in motion like a ship at tea;
we were all expecting every moment the earth to open and
swallow us up, I yvas so much overcome I scarcely know
how I behaved; feeing every one on their krrres praying,
thepriefts ami friars in procoffion, with,all their faints car
ried with them, fbpplicating Heaven for protection, was
enough to affect, the stoutest heart. As soon as I could I
.made all poifible hafle to my vessel, and was very glad to
;get there. About 8 o’clock in the evening vyas another
I’mall shock, which did but little damage. During the 1
whole night the inhabitants were in prayers, and in pro
ceflion walking up and down, and did riot know where to
igo for fafety. lam told there were but few lives loil.
There were a number of boufes destroyed, and scarce a
house but received mote briefs damage. Even the fifli in
the river rose upon the fiirface of the water, and aimed to
get. out to ;he ocean; they feeinea to be in great terror;
the water in the river, during the day and night, was in
very , great agitation. I desire to bless God, who fayed me
in this hour of great peril.”
NeivTcrk, oSober 11. It will be seen, bv turning
to our marine lead, that during the last 48 hours, 62 ves
sels have arrived at this port, chiefly from the l'outhward,
with valuable cargoes of grain. Though we have taken
great pains to get all the arrivals during the above period
we fear fome have cleaped us, as 31 fail all came up on
Saturdaiy in one fleet.
The French frigate La Confidante dropped down to the
watering place yeiferday morning., preparatory to taking
her departure for Guadaloupe. Previous to this (lie fired
a salute, which was returned by the fort on Governor’s
I (land.
Capt. Butler, of the brig Peacock, from Guadaloupe,
informs us, that gen. Rkheprmle died there on the 7th
August, after an illnvis of ten days, and is succeeded by
gen. Gobert. A conlidemble reinforcement of troops was
hourly expected, though thu iflahd was perfectly tranquil.
Provilions were scarce and in great demand. Flour at 12
dollars per barrel.
October 12. A Are broke out lad niglit in a livery liable
in New llreet, which confmned, notwithstanding the great
exertions of the citizens, 14 buildings, before the ravages
of this ddhudtive element were flopped. We are happy
to hear that no Jives were lofl. Mr. Michael Little and
mr. Morrison, vve tinderiland, are the'principal fufFerers,
and had it not been for dr. Charleton’s fire proof buildings
the whole chain from his to Bcver street inevitably must
have fallen a facrifice.
Tbiledelpbia, October 9.
COLLEGE OF NEW JERSEY.
On Wednesday iN: 29th ult. the annual commencement !
of the college vyes held at Princeton. On the preceding
evening the following young gentlemen, previodfly ap
pointed by the two literary societies in college for that
puypole,-pronounced orations in the church: Jqfeph R.
IngerfoJ, George Mason, Paul S. Lee, Joliah Simpson,
Robert Brown, John D. Edwards, Thomas Marfiiail, and ‘
Alfred Cuthbert.
The students having assembled at the president’s house,
the trustees and faculty walked with them in procelfion to
the church. The preftdent introduced the exercise of the
day with prayer, after which followed:
A Latin firiutary oration, bv George Emlin,, of Penn
sylvania.
An English salutary oration* by John Piirdon, of Penn
fy Ivania. .
, Ah oration upon the belles lettres, by Richard kJ.
Henderforr, of Virginia. “ ,
A debate upon the probable permanency of the federal
f compadl, by George Emlin, respondent; Robert I. Arm
strong, of New Jersey, opponent; and Il’aac Browne* of
New Jersey, replicator.
Firjl tank of honorary orations.
An oration on the comparative merits of ancient and
modern philofophv, by David Allen, of Virginia.
An oration on filial affect ion, by David Strawbridge, of
Delaware.
An oration on advantage of government, by Hext
M l Call, of South Carolina.
Then followed a difeuffion on the causes of the trade
winds, by John H. W. Middleton, of South Carolina,
WHliam of New Jersey, and Alexander John
son, of Pennfj Ivania.
Second rank of honorary orations.
An oration on commerce, by Thomas H. Ellis, of Vir
ginia.
An oration on the advantage of education in a republic,
by Joseph Lee, of Delaware.
T be Degree af Bachelor of Arts was conferred bn the
following gentlemen:
David Allen, of Virginia; Robert L. Armfirong, of
New Jersey; lfaac Browne, of do. James Dill, of New
York; Thomas FI. Ellis, of Virginia; George Emlin, of
Pennsylvania; Eubch A. Green, of New Jersey; Robert
Haberlham, of Georgia; Richard H. Hcnderfbn, of Vir
giifia; Alexander Johufon, of Penniylvania; Micajah G.
Lewi,, Tfcnncuee; tAuric, Lindsey, of New *
Vanorunt Magaw, of ao. Rob; rt Manning w
lev; Flext McCall, of South CamVniu- WLMi at
ton, of S( -th Carolina; Flcnry Mills of v ‘,^l
of Jnhn H,„Zja
ina; Gc<*ge Strawbridge, of Delaware; Caleb
itnre, cf Virginia; William Walhingtou, of South M
lina. , |
An honorary certificate of proficirilev L r • 1
was delivered to Joseph Lee. “ * cie ®cs
Tl “ Os Oodor „f Diviuity was conlt,red,,,,
rev. Hezekiah R.pley of Connecticut; the rev
Balfour of Glasgow, in Scotland; the rev. M-.trh! ‘ft
Mol NOrfolk ’ (C ° no a " d
Fhe degree of Dodor of Laws was conferred „ t
hon. John Marflial, ,chief justice of the United Sf*
and on m, El.phalet Pearson, profeffor of
guages and belles lettres in the university
The degree of Master of Arts was
Alexander McLeod, A. B. of Union college, and L?
o the reformed Rrefbyterian congregation in New W
t!ie rev. Jafiah Hmton, of Oxford, in Great Britain- J
drew o. Hunter, attorney at law, New-Terfev Wilt
Fanand, A B . of YaleUege.’and
cademy in Princeton.
r rhe rev. Edward D. Griffin, A. M. of Yale colU
was admitted ad enndem in this college.
The following Alumni of this college were admitted j
the lecond degree in the arts: Lewis Morris, dq. of sj
Laro.tna; Eieazer Burnet, of New Jersey; Elias rZ
,of New Jerley; Clement Earlv, of Georgia;
Foriyth, of Georgia; Thomas Miller, of Virginia- Em
e'e-ncu Nash, of South Carolina; John Alston and Willia,
Aiflon, of South Carolina; and lfaac Meafon, of P™
iy Ivania.
John P. Crosby, A. B. pf Columbia college, was ii
.mitted ad enndem in this college.
i he valedictory Orati n was then pronounced by Wild
am MTlvain. * J j
The whole concluded with prayer by the rev. dr. Mac.
whorter.
Baltimore, C&oker 12. Letters from France., by tie
’ Grip Benjamin Franklin, lately arrived from Havre
(/race, mention, that the drafts ifliu-d by mr. PichonM
spring, to the amount of 1503000 dollars, have been dclij
paid; and those lame letters gxprefs a confidence that flt
iubfequent ones will likewise meet with a- punftual pj
ment. It is further laid that the French government 2
provided’a large fund in the United States to be aprjrop
ated so thefi< expences until full confidence in bills is*
stored, and to prevent further drafts.
H r aJ}:ingto7% OSteber 15. We undertone! thatlettei
have been received in this country from Algiers as lates
the 7th of July, which furnilh the following infonhatk
The dey of Algiers has demanded of the American c®
ful to dirett the United States frigate the George WaiMl
ington to be brought to Algiers, for the purpose of beicj j
fi-nt by the dey to Constantinople, to tranfpovt aqitanliijjj
of spars and other articles. The consul
in vain. The dey direfted him to write irritfiediatelv,acd|l
obtain an anfwei as soon as poifible. - I
On the evening, however, of the fame day, their I
informed the consul, that, considering the great difecel
of the United States, he had determined to call upoatkl
confuis of other nations. Such demands is Hated to tell
been made of the Spanifli and Danilh con fills*"’ I
On the 26th June a Tripolitan corsair, with the Amnil
can brig Franklin as a prize, arrived at Algiers. Tkl
claim of the consul for a restoration of the vdlbl andcrefl
had not on the 7th of July succeeded. I
On the 16th of June three ftiips of the line andiwofri-l
gates cf Spain threatened a blockade of Algiers, and dr*®
manded all captured Spanifli veflels. The dey threatened I
war against Spain, which was only averted ori the folio* I
ing terms: The payment, in money and presents, to tk.l
amount of 132,000 dollars; a renunciation by Spaindi
her claim to captured veflels and cargoes; and a departure I
of tire Spanifli fleet. |
On the 22 of June, in an interview with the firitilVl
consul and fir Robert Barlow, the dey demanded a
of the British passports, and a compliance with his old claiit*
of 187,000 dollars, and declared, if these terms werenotfl
complied with in five months, he would make war agairlß
England. : B
On the 30th of June the dey demanded of fhanuM
the French agent, films, alleged to be due, or promife®
amounting to 500,000 dollars, and threatened war agaiu*
France, if not complied with in 40 days. H
It is further stated that Algiers and lunis rre on iV
verge of a war. ..J
Gbarlejlon , GBober 21. Y r efterday Arrived, the 1
Sarah, Bowden, Greenock. 55 days. £
Arrivals from this port. 1
At Cowes. Ship Pegasus, Jervey, 24th Augri-* ij
At Dover. Ship Britannia, Miller, 00. J
ANONE and CO. I
Carver r, Gilders , Pi cl are Frame Makers,
Print Sellers, Barometer and < Tker?n r jM ! m
Manufacturers,, from London , Jm
Now at the Corner of Broughton and Bernard flreets? s
the Market, SAVANNAR, ~ b)o< *
SELL all kinds of looking-glafies, &c. ‘.m
for philosophical experiments. 1 h£}’
form the public of this city that they have for .
collection of drawings and paintings cn vc u
drawings and paintings, and a variety of “ n F
taken from nature. Also, a collection or ni ° o j.
aquatinta and other engravings, from a “ x e
by the mofi eminent artifls of the globe. Li e
variety of borders, medallions, Ihells; an
all deicriptions, patterns for fire fereeps, lta 1 •
drawing, Sccl ‘ , Cl didWl
jC~r* Barometers, telcfcope*, fire fereens, p
and repaired on realonable terms. . ,7