Newspaper Page Text
SOUTHERN
RECORDER.
VOL. II.
MILLEDGEVILLE, TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 13, 1821.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY,
(on Tuesdays)
TSY S. GRA YTDAND f( R. M. OR.VE,
AT Tlir.F.E DOI.LARS, IN ADVANCE, OR TOUR
DOLLARS AT THE EXPIRATION OF T11E
TEAR.
O- Advertisements conspicuously inserted at
the customary rates.
ernmost part of Asia Minor, bordering on
the Black Sea.
Second climate in America.
Its parallel is found from latitudes S5 to
■)2 l-l including the whole of South Caro
lina, and the northern halves of Georgia,
Alabama, Mississippi and Louisiana.
TU.rd climate in. Europe and Asia .Miner.
h com latitude 40 to 55 including Portu
gal, south of Oporto; the southern section of
Spa n : Oran, Algiers, and Tunis, on the
northern coast of Africa; the southernmost
part of Italy ; the lsla ,d of Sicily ; Greece,
Morea ; nil the isles in thr Archipelago, and
those ol Candln, Rhodes, Cyprus, five. kr.
Asia Minor, Syria, Mesopotamia, and Ar
menia.
Third climate in the United Slates.
Its parallel is found between latitudes thir
ty-two and a half to twenty-nine, including
the southernmost parts of Georgia, as far
.outll as St. Augustine, Alabama, Mississip
pi, Louisiana. Pensacola, and the northern
most part of East Florida.
Fourth cli mate in .Yorlh America.
For which there is no parallel climate in
Europe or Asia Minor.
From latitude 29th to 55th hordpring al
most on the tropic, and including, the re
mainder of East Florida, containing about
55 millions acres of land.
Ed us now review those climates sepa
rately, vs ith respect to their productions.
First climate, in Europe.
There is not a single fruit, nor any grains
or vegetables which this climate produces,
even grapes, that are nut likewise nrniinrod
in,
The first climate in the United States.
For vines are successfully* cultivated at
Ferny, in Indiana, which lies under the li.gh-
est latitude of (his climate—if then, vines
gran and bear plentifully good and pu feedy
lipe grapes at Fmni, ivhat success would at
tend their cultivation on the upper land of
'* irginia, North Carolina ami Tennessee,
where the climais is milder, the seasons more
regular, the soil rich, and where tobacco
grows in abundance, ami even cotton suc
ceeds, a staple which cannot tic raised in
Europe in this parallel climate ! An unde
niable ornof, that this tlimits in t!., Union!
mg this, however, | is not iny intention, to | States, is as favourable to the rrow th el
Include uncut, inury, unis, nor any grams igrapes as that of France. Wc need lint
and vegetables whin our country it known | plant, and our labors will be recompensed
to grow to ii grid a pci fectimi as in any with abundant riches,
other part of the lurid. I shall limit my
Facts and observations on the culture ot Vines
Olives, Capers, Almonds,itc. in the Southern
States, and*f ColTee, Cocoa, and Cochineab
rn East Florida, by Peter Stephen Chazotte,
who his for upwards of ten years been engag
ed in Iht culture of Vines, Sic. in Southern
France, tndfnr seven years a grower of Cof
fee, Qicoa, Sic. in the West-ladies.
To the President, Senate, rad House of Rupee-
, niati rs of ttu Vo ted States, are risputjulij
„fried for their consideration,
The following facts and observations, on
the pol y of immediately introducing the
highly iiteresting cultures of vines, oliv.s.
capers l id almonds, in the nnw territories of
the Unit’ d States, and on the plantations of
coffee, foehineal, cocoa, or chocolate nut in
East Ft’rida.
It liaja hundred times been stated, that
agricullirc is the basis of the national wealth
ol'empfes. May I not he allowed to , dd,
that it k the true source of individual happi
ness—that it secures independence and .■nr-
l ishes l very l ittue, the enjoyments of which
are cntstaSlt, Without being contaminated by
those vi es width are frequently the attend
ants ol manufactures.
That sgricultjre is alone capable of rais
ing a nst'on to tie highest ^degree of happi
ness and indepadencc, the history of man
kind tvill provc-tfrom the earliest ages, man
lias beer, taiightlo call the earth, •• his mo
ther and beneficsit nurse.”
For tile furthadevelopemcnt of my ideas
on this interesting subject, I shall taki a cur
sory view of the cimates of southern Europe
and Asia Minor, a 1 look if I cannot find in
our country, climii-s perfectly congenial to
the growth of wha-ver plants are success
fully cultivated in d.nthern Europe, fn d i-
inqniriei to those rip staples which our soil
will luxuriantly grip-, and which we have
Until now negiected o cultivate.
Having resolipd bt to he deterred from
prosecuting this plfi of improvements by
any ol'thoso idle id*s, which either preju
dice, ignorance or tVeign policy, has been
endeavoring to imn: our minds with, we
shall clearly percert all the advantages,
whib our insular ^ist, our extensive in
ward country, the ^iriety of our climates,
and o -r riili sell, givtsus ovi-r the nations of
Eurojic. It is true lilt we cannot, at pre
sent, drain the marshaof Virginia, nor turn
th- dismal swamps uNorth Carolina, into
Homan consular retreis and pleasure gar
dens. We need not Oatpy oursel.es with
works which require (more condensed po
pulation than ours is) This shall be done,
when the land disiribf-d amongst millions
of inhabitants, shall. I) its increased value,
promise a fair interest Ir the capital employ
ed in its improvement! then, and not before,
shall rich fields and a.tv-1y mansions asto
nish Ihc mariner sail:* along our extensive
ciast Leaving tofu 1 generations to ef
fect, what is not our ill tst nnw to do, we
aro at liberty to select t ground, to culti
vate the plains or plan 'Itlie hills—we may
choose the climate, th liver, the particular
soil—diversify our cull rife—in flue, we may
raise all the Europrai fruits, and the most
▼Jdliable tropical stapl From the cliffs ol
♦he Patuxent to the b f which crowns the
plains that form the inks of Mobile hay,
• the vines may he en vated, and tile hills
and Tallies ol Virgini may, ’ere long, re-
aouud with the echoed songs of ihe yiuta-
ger*.
Wishing to proceet with regiur and
order, I shall trace on 'ornpneativ, parallel
climates, both in Eure] and the U. :>mes-
And'hen, taking a si irate view ofooih,
I shall prove that, to a mr alre.v'; known
productions may he -d all those tv hie.i
we have not yet umh rtjep to cultivate. In
forming this scale, 1 sill pay less regard i"
parallel latitudes, than 1 the parallels of the
now existing climates, r»rallel latitudes
i juM not bring a fairco ariaon of climate*.
As for example, latitudi l,in France,would
give, in Ameiy;i„ the rtherninnst section
of New foundhw—not *f the gulf of St.
Lawrence, amrninnin; • cstwardly on the
«qttlliere i dge of Hmlso
tmowo, that, under the
latitude, in France, the mate is temperate,
and the four season*
, whilst under the same
the climate is intensely
seasons, which arc kno I tu he striving to
conquer each other. T cause of this may
lie a fit subject for a tre
Having thus far expl, i d my mofivr for
tih.iudotiing parallel hit des, in order to
form parallel climates, I all establish them
thus;
First ’tlimatt i Europe,
Taking France front i 51st to the 45th
degree of north laL fo nog two parral el
lines running e.isiwaruly rod Including the
noi thorn sections of Fr* • from Bordeaux,
Sw itzerland, Lombardy l#Vana, Austria,
Transylvania, Uc.
, First climate of the tited States.
The parallel climate is and between the
latitude 4ist and «5th, ro lines running
ivc*twardly from the At I ie, and including
the southernmost t*ctic »f
d’omm'rinia, Ohio auv [laoa—the
of the states of DeU^arf lvyland.JBg*
HU, North Carolina, Ktn ky and Tew*-
■wn. - J
Second climate ifiurafi- gJff
nchBt th
ri’.Iarly marked—
in America,
Id, «ii)d only two
Second climate in Europe.
This climate, besides u liat grows in the
first, produces olives, capers, almond?, oran
ges, limes, pomegranates, and fi^s
Second climate in the United States.
This, already produces oranges, limes,
pomegranates, figs, &c. and if olives, capers
and almonds, are not seen there, it is be
cause none have yet been planted. It is a
well known fact that ind'go used to he culti
vated there, and has of late years Lien ne
glected, hecft'.'se of the cotton being found
more productive, besides, tobacco and rice,
hich are great staples for exportation.—
Now would it not exhibit a want of judg
ment to belie?c that neither olives, capers,
almonds, nor fines, can succeed in to favor
able a climate. Tacts demonstrate, that
notwithstanding Uoiinparle’s command to
raise cotton in the southern provinces of
France, every attempt was met with a dis
couraging failure—the summer was found
to be too «hort,and all his endeavors to dis
pense with our cotton proved useless.—Sore-
y, then, that man must he prejudiced or
Hint!, who, after 1 'such strong evidences, will
still doubt of our success.
Third climate in Europe, and .‘Isin Minor.
This third climate produces only it hat is
stated in the second, with the addition of
some cotton, fit only to manufacture coarse
goods.
Third climate in the United States.
fn this climate is raised the fi:;« «f ration
in the world, and besides those ate pies that
already grow and may grow in the second,
we raise sugar, which i* a production of the
torrid zone. In vain diu Bonaparte’*- em
pire extend to the southernmost | art of Ku
rope—unable to find in it an inch of ground
where the sugar cams could grow, he was
reduced to extract n scanty Mipply of had
sugar from beet**. If is then manifest, that
our first, second, and third stated climatas
are, separately and collectin g , niperiorto
those of Europe. Ami, if they do not pro
duce wines, olives, capers, and almonds,
thev are not to he charged with bring unfa
vorable to their growth, we alone are to be
blamed for it.
J'oU>ih climate south of the United Slaves.
This fourth climate h »s*tu> parallel in Eu
rope, it lies between latitudes J'.nli and *~5th,
and Iwsing four degree.* fuitherto the smith,
than any other section of the I uiteil Stale?,
it promises fair, from the nature of the sod
and climate, to produce codec, cr.rhincal and
cocoa; as lor sugar, it may every where he
raided abundantly.
Colter, cocoa and sugar, are staples of the
tropics, and we are satisfied, that as the lat
ter is raised in Louisiana, the climate of East
Florida must be much mure favorable.—
DojuMs may arise on the sucres* attending
the culture cf the two-first named Maples, in
the minds of such os are altogether unac
quainted with it—but let those who are con
versant with the subject deride,and fain
confident of being strengthened in my opini
on by an alfii mat ive.
I shall here take a retrospective view of
the progress of the plantations of coflee in
the VVest-India islands, and prove that w here
it was not expected to grow, experiments at
tended with success have removed all doubts
In the year 17DC, not a single roller plant
tvas cultivated in the. island ot C uha. In the
year 17**9, that plantation began to be intro
duced III the bland of Jamaica, for, in the j
year 1798, there was hut a very scanty *
quantity raised in that island. That plant
was cmHly cultivated in the colonies belong
ing to France—At,were it not tor the French
KevoLition, it is probable that, that rich sta
ple would at this day he, M It formerly was,
*. t 4* iliu nil:<tti*V It!
prime minister to Louis the 16th. By that
policy which in European cabinets, i.s called
un coup de politique,** Caloune expected to
arrest the revolution in its first brilliant pro
gress, by diverting the minds of the French
people, and directing it towards the safely
of St. Domingo, where the interests of
France seemed until then to have been con
centrated. He resolved hi ordered a dread
ful revolt to he instigated there, and a man
of colour, at that time in l*uris, whose mine
was Oge, was sent, and furnished with e.\e
ry facility the government could afi'ord, to
stir up a revolt amongst the mulattoes.—
Cape Francais was burnt—streams of hu
man blood Mowed,—civil war was kindled all
over the ishnd. The French people were
too busily engaged about redressing their
grievances, to he deterred from pursuing the
object in view, by un coup de politique.—
The inhabitants of that devoted colony w ere
commiserated, but not relieved—anti -ude« p
and long endured were tin* <ores of that op
pressed people, that untiUllmr rule was ef
fected, they could not busy themselvesa-
Imut healing the sufferings of their far re
mote countrymen. Artifice, cunning and
dcrei f , on the one hand—enthusiasm on the
other, misguided and stifled the hest*judg-
inent of the nation—all was liberty, equality,
philanthropy—and, with a view to npp. •**
the revolted mulattoes, the blacks W ere de
clared free.
In the phrenzy ofa mistaken philanthro
py, the assembly of the nation were form
ing codes of law?, for the government of
what they blindly called, regenerated co
lonies, and sending their cmnmbvioners.—
When Monsieur, then out of Frame, broth
er to Louis the XVI, and at present Louis
J hr* XVIII, wishing to save those sections
that had not yet felt the regenerating laws of
France, desired tin* Brili-h Ministry to take
possession of the French colonics, th** plan
ters of the w estern and sout!i'*rn parts of St.
Domingo, imitating those of Martinique and
(iindaLnipe, received the British. A part
of that rich colony was thereby sated for .a
time—and both Toussnint and Higaud, two
coloured chieftaus fighting for power, on thr
supposed side of France, w ere on the eve of
l.ti.ig l onqwcicd. when tin* island was nud-1
denlv evjiriv ti d hr tU*
The po!ic} f of this unexpected evacuation
is easily accounted for. The English
ral Boyer, on his entering Port nu Prince,
had written to the Ministry that more colo
nial produce I; ad been found stored in that
single city, than the whole of the British is
lands could produce in two yean—and Ind
urged the policy of securing the whole colo
ny as a rich mine of wealth, which the nati
on would enjoy, nt least, for ns long as war
with France should continue.
But the success of the French armies in
Europe alarmed the British Ministry :* they
well kn« w that a general peace must, nt some
time or ciher, take place, and on rich an e-
vent, St. Domingo must of rouno lie restor
ed fo France. They could not reconcile
with their hostile feeling?, the idea of being
instrumental to the preservation of a colony,
which, on its being restored, would at once
replace her rival on that superior eminence
'0 the folonial trade, which t he. onre enjoy
ed, ..nd which it wasthMr policy for ever to
destroy". Therefore, tiny resolved tu eva
cuate tint island as the surest means of ef
fecting their purpo«e^-g me ral Ms it land was
•cut thither—lie nudfcejVaratr secret trea
ties with tile two chietTaus—some\sham hat-
ties wc.*e fought, and the British troops ap
parently beaten, and repuhed in every
encounter, without losing n drop of blond,
surrendered tl.e rolonv to the purty-eolnur-
ed legion* of T»us«aint and Higand. But
tin y took considerable care to carry off with
them o ruimhcr of planters with their slave-,
to cultivate Coffee in their colonies, k. prin
cipally in Jamaica, where they had as y et
been very umntcca- ful.
This plantation washy this mettn* culti
vated there on a large M*a’e—several planter?
were rani*.I to Trinidad and other small
British islands—and England now rt reive*-
from Jamaica ahme upwards oififty millions
of pouinl.s of coffee, per ye«r. Such planters
;is did not likt to live under the British scep
tre and colonial reguht^pns went over to
Cuba, and some to I'orto Mire.
Thu** i« toffee now cultivated in ;!! the
West Indies. \ **t the whole of tho-e i > I a r h 1 -
together, and the present state of llavti,
muted will* them, In idle yield our half <•/
the quantity which S*. Doini; go alone for
merly prod*iret|. This « xj lains the cm **
of the present high price of that staple. The
quantity now rahed is fifty per cent less than
in the year 1784—and th* i unihe^ ofion-
surr.ers l ave increased in the ratio of five to
island enjoy s—Ihe sea breezes modifying the
scorching vertical rays of the sun, and watt
ing away the approaching northern frost.
Two opposite opinions have been expres
sed and frequently repeated with respect to
that country. Some assert it to he u dry
sandy land, and others, a flat, muddy, un
formed, rising ground. These assertions
are altogether unfounded; as may be dc-
nionstrated by merely recurring to its topo
graphy. Wc se** a neck of land four hund
red miles long, and about one hundred and
thirty miles broad, from the opposite beach
es of which, the land rises gently and gradu
ally towards the centre ; where are lakes
connected with each other from south to
north, to a distance of about 150 miles, with
out reeeiviag any supply of water from any
large foreign river j and about 40 small li
vers, who e sources are, at from thirty to
fin Jy mill s distant from Lotli shorts, and
whose waters are emptying themselves into
tile opposite sens. Now it is impossible for
those (rrpat sinew s of nature to exist in a
fliit muddy ground, which could at most pro
duce reeds, and not the stately trees, winch
luxuriantly-row and ctner il .su’fare? On
the iitlic- hand, if it he called a dry and san
dy desert, tin-very existence of those lakes
and numerous rivers belies those asset lions,
for rit ers and lakes itre never found to spring
anil exi t in an entirely sandy country—and
sttrli is the narrow in-s of this loox neck of
land, that it must hate a deep mould and
pinhfie ho-o.ii to produce, .as it is known to
do, stately forests oflhe most luxuriant mix-
lied him off with his slates, and destroyed
every thin, be bad planted—for which Ins:
and damages, the British government a
warded to him a considerable sum. Besides
these, travellers, who hate visited that
country assert to have seen coffee plants in
several places, not cultivated for profit and
retenuc, hut as a curiosity, the intrinsic va
lue of which seems to he unknown to those
who have planted them.
Mr. Carver,*says “ so mild is the winter
thnl the most delicate vegetables anil plants
of the Catibbee Hands, experience th* re not
the least injury from that season—the orange
tree, the plantains, the goyava, the pine Itp-
pl«, &r. grow Iiixui iotislv.” *'Fogs are un
known there, and no country ea.i thetefore
be more salubrious.” Mr. \Yilliam Stork in
his description of East Floridu, Ritesthe fol
lowing account of it—“The productions of
the northern and southern latitudes, grow
and blossom hy the side of each other, and
there is st in rely another climate in the w orld
that ran tie- with this in displaying SIM h an
agreeable and luxuriant mixture of trees,
plants, shrubs, and flowers. The red and
white pine, and the evergreen oak marry
their boughs with the ehesnut and tnahoga
ny tri es. The walnut w ith the cherry—the
maple will) Ihe e,impeach, and Ihe hra/tlt t-
to ttilh thesassafras tree, which together co
ver here a variegated and rirll soil.” “ The
wax myrtle trae grows ttery where here.”
“ Oranges are larger, more aromatic and
succulent than in Portugal. Plums, natural
ly grow finer and of a quality superior to
r.- eon t.iiim in bloom, even in j titnre gnlliered ill Ihe orchards in Spain.—
I Fein nary ; and the nto l beau-1 The wild vines serpentine un the giniind or
climb up to the tups of trees. Ind'go anil
cochineal! were advantageously eultivatcd
there, and in the year 1777, produced a re
venue of ei00,0l'0.”t In fine I sludl add,
that this country will produee all the tropi
cal fruits rod staples by the tide of those be
longing to a northern climate.
Having,! presume, adduced siifricient fii
deuce in support of Ihe position 1 hate tak
en, »nd demonstrated that enflre, cocoa, find
sugar r.nics, will grow every where in East
Florida, as well as vines, olives, capers, al
monds, fir. and that vines ntav likewise he
January
tiful flowers, whose florid appearance tn%i|e
Itu- discoveries of it, award to that country
the significant and oppropriate name of Flo
rida.
In mil places, where the climate is not vi-
-ited hy black frost, the land cither diyor
wet will produee coffee. Cayenne, lying
under the fourth degree latitude, north of the
equator, where the heat it intense, no
mountains hut at 5no miles off, a fiat, level,
and drowned cuuntry, in.d where, us in Eu
ropean Holland, the surrounding s< as are
tilting to overwhelm the rising earth, even
Pinkney, Smith, Taylor. Tkbenor, Van
Dyke, Walker of Geo. Williams ^Wjenn.--
24. %
NAYS.—Messrs. Barbour, Brown, Dick
erson, Holmes of Maine, Holmes of Miss.
Johnson of Ken. King of A ah. Lowrie, Ma
con. Pleasants, Roberts, Ruggles Suniord,
Stokes, Talbot, Thomas, Trimble, Walker
of A lab. Williams of Miss.— 19.
bo the report atid resolutions were re
jected.
Mr. Barbour then gave notice that be
should on Monday ask leave to bring in
a hill for the relief ef Matthew Lyoa;
and then the .Senate adjourned.
Monday, January 82.
The Senate resumed the consideration
of the lull to extend relief to the pur
chasers of the public lauds,prior to the
1st of July, 1820.
When the bill n,a last under conside
ration, Mr. Futon moved to re-comtuit
the lull to the cotntnittee 'on Public
Lands, with instructions to—
1st. Makefile provision* ofllte hill ap
plicable t* '.Incise purchasers of pi.Idle
!.unis only wbe hare purdiSncd at public
sale since the 30ih day of Dec. 1UI6.
2d. And with instructions to extend the
contemplated relief to none but those
who, on or before the 30lb day ol Oct.
I.ist. L td made a settlement on the land*
'■> them *(> purchased, defining anti con
sidering the settlement of any quarter
section, a settlement of all contiguous
and adjoining land, not exceeding two en
tire sections.
3d. And with instructions to extend ilia
contemplated relief to no section on
w hir It any town may h.ivo been laid off,
and the lots sold by any individual or .
cobipany of individuals.
Mr. Fulnn spoke at some length in
support of bis motion, and to show that
the bill unamended, in ttie mode he pro-
* , „ V r ’ V , po»od, w untu De uvtrctive
ampy lotiutry, or..nail by ditches, | successfully eultivatcd as Ixr north sa the | 1 M . , . ..
From latitude 45th to >tb inching the
southernmost sections c ’’ranee, sout.t ol
-Bordeaux, one half of Sn. , as far south as
Oporto, in Portugal—thi
and Sardinia—Italy,-as fa
■of Varvntn ; and includitij ! i
A Hia# a. Macedonia, Horn a,
the principal muse of the ascendancy of
France over England in sunplyin-; the
whole of Europe with colonial Produce.—
Unfortunately. I do not say for l ranee, but
\Yf Inve sr**n lint roflVc is ;:t l!»i* tiny
v.sccr fully cultivated, where it was thought
it could not ^rmv : it now remain* 1o •* ***, if
East Florida is not likewise favorable to its
growth.
Thi* plant needs not too hut a dir
dry land produce* the l»**«t quality ;
example: the A1ncl)aroflVe,iii Arabia Fdix,
where rain is scarce nndfhc soil sandy, is*
teemed very superior. The small si/.* oft
kiain and its munch'd form, indicate that the
land on which it ;;rqws is exhausted, and
liir.t the plant hears only a rcanty quantity
In a \irgin and rich laud, this plant bear*
large crops—the-rain is higher, and flatted
on one side ; so that two grains united, has
an oval form, which lie? on the centre, a
filestore of a eh*Try, a fi\iit which it per*
fectl\ resembles, in nze, slnpe and colour.
On tl>e imn hound c< of J)i*pnniola.
Jamairz, Culm, See. this plant, a* in Arabia
Felix, hears, even in virpn l.nul. luit mid
dling crops; on the high land, and an ea*-t-
ern we»tem, and nurtliern expinitiom*. it
heart plentifully, because the atmosphere i
there «older, thr dew in tii*» right constat t,
and sometimes.*! Iq'ht while frost occur*.
In East Florida, the land is neitlu r too cry
nor too wet, nor is the climate ton hot or t
dd. This narrow
as r»*Mervn«rs t.»r t’w. v ::*■*.•, tlv.* c.'-ff. ^ j■*.•.•!
grow* luxuriantly, even to thr size of a plum
tree.*
At Rio de Janeiro, the present seat of the
king of Portugal’s American empire, lying
under the i,Sd degree of latitude, south of the
equator, an«l as far as the province of Para
na or Assumption, which reaches to the SOtb
degree of aouHi latitude, the coffea is found
to grow. Why then should wo not culti
vate it between the £Mh and ^?1li degrees
of north latitude? that is to say, in F.a-t
Florida ? Will it he said,that under the 27tl»
dt^gre** of latitude, to the southward of the
(Mj iafhr, it is hotter than under !ts opposite
degree north of it ? This will he contra
dicted fry tliore navigators and persons who
have visiicd this country, (’niton, in Chi
na, lies under th«5il-£ degree *»f north
latitude, and \* th*; xonthemmost section of
thut larf*** empire. The state* north of
East Florida, nlrc.idy produce ns fine cotton
as is ra fi| in that empire. Why :Jiouid we
not also attempt t*• ( ultivate the t* ;» plant ?
i do not unde;-tand this culture. Jnlorma-
tion ou t ii* interesting subject is expected
from tho*** American citizens, who, on a vi
sit tn China, shall not suffer their minds to
he wrap in a piece of nankin or sunk into n
catty of tea—but soaring above their daily
mercantile occupations, will see), for rest and
ditcrsifiri, in tiie acquisition of information
and the collection of plants, for the benefit of
their unlive rouidrv.
I bhali < lose this digression by ■dducinp
«r*ine new evidences. In a proclamation of
fijeorgetlb* Pr», issued f.om t!ie court of St.
J.uiieti, on the 7th day of October, 1763, and
hy tin* auUiitrify *,f«a tr.- atv nfpcHce conclud
ed at Pails, on the 101b of February, in the
same year, his Britannic Majerty, in tin* ;«•*
ond section of his proclamation, i xpretsed
himself tiiu*:
Secondly—'The goremn ent of F.a*t-
Florida, hounded t«» the westward, hy the
(iiilf of Mexico, and the Apahchieola ;
t<9 the northward, Ly a line dmui from that
part of the said river, where the Chataliou*
* Sf* nn*l Flint mere meet, to the source of
St. Mary s river, and hy the course of said
river to the Atlantic or* an ; nnd to the cast-
vard end southward hy the Atlantic ocean,
nr.d the Gulf of I ’lorida, including all islands
within six Irngm s of the sea ci*ast.”
This poTt-rnment being fciven to colonel
(Irai.t, it wu then expu 1 -led, ‘ that rice, in -
digo, *ilk, v ice, * d, nnd oilier xaiuuMu iouk
moditics would Ik* produced in prat abun
dance.” The English nt that time kefcw
little or nothing about Coffee.* Iicr.rr they
«lid not imuilion it in their enumeration.—
Sometime after, an English gentleman of
fortune went to * bt..lili?h Line* If in I«a»t
Florida—tils 1 thors were crown* *1 with biic-
cr - , both in th** culture of roller, and sugar
* anes—and hi* establishment 1 ' were already
consid* lahle, when the American revolution
i i its * fleets, made Florida pass into tin-
hands of Spain. The Drill'll government,
finding Mr. Smith, or some inch name, (Eu
although this is nu historical fart, yet not
having the hook, in which it i* stated before
me, my memory lias not perbnp* retain# <1
the true name,) had so far succeed* d, would
not allow him to remain there. Theyrar-
i'siuiiml tu ei-ifyiaiiU ; fin.nl now take a
separate \ie*.v of each of these rich produc-
H:-r.r 9 nnd from S*iiudit-ui;**, g*v** a
vtatement of the proceeds^yfa inaifis jearh
(ahum*. In htatemenf, f sliall allow but
one hall of the work, which experience
shows a man easily doc*,|* and their mo*le-
rat<* calculations, being at no time liable to
deceite our expectations, we may, will)
•non; certainty, hum a proper estimate of
the advantage* or disadvantage* of those
culture*—end wbather we arc not to b* he-
neiited, both a*individual*, a: d as a nation,
by immediately undertaking the grand work,
or leave all the riches accruing from it, to
those who already enjuv them.
It rannot he expected that I ahall enter
into the particulars and minutiu* of the cul
ture and preparation* of those commodities.
My intention, at present, is not to teach, hut
to enlighten the mind on a subject, foreign to
the pn • nt agricultural pursuits of our citi
zens. A work, dcsciibing every particular,
would, at this stage, excite-curiosity, without
promising any real advantages. Such a
work, l shall cheerfully undertake, when I
s*•*• that spirit of enterprise which character
ise* |hr American people, roused and elevat
ed to that degree of national pride and gran
deur, as shall warrant its publication.
[Toht concluded in our n&r/.]
* l n 'tetrtal trnrtlhr, ) ct&t 604
t I do not tout*rstand the raising of it, which it
imwihxely prtuluUue, tut I Louie that thr neigh
bourhood oj Pensacola, is the place where it uiil
produce much.
t In the year HV>4, I it as cast upon the. south-
nr.ino t point of ftnst Florida, and altnou^h it
was in thr month of February—J beheld that covn-
t y, entered with preen trees and Jlduirs—ilu ini-
agt of un everiasttng Spring.
I! ( ojj'er—tuoocree to i-ich man. There is no
til:tug < r hoeing—Ike only labour, u to prevent
iff ass from growing between the plaids, and the
filching up of the /suits, which is the mod tutor i•
\ at —otherwise f a snan could tardy take cure vj
fee acre» of land.
Cocoa—Jour acres to each man. There is go
culture uhainer; the labour is in culling vjf
the tiu s at d drying thtfs ads.
I 'mes hre arrt i to < etch man tVhich are to be
plov'..tiedthree hn.no y.ar. In cutting qff.froils,
or vintage time, additional hands are mcii. ary.
Ohres, i ".pert, almonds, sued w. culture - hoods
are necetsury only tu get the ctCjis in, and exhuct
7.7
* Isi the tFesl- Indies, this jnasit troiil I grow Ic
the height of 10 feel. Experience hat sin vn the
adxautngf of limiting its height cl four feel, by
winch means, the brtqickes from the earth up ex
pand, end the plant acquire *« si conge * benty, trh ich
»•’ eonsoqvinec of its low height, *h< Ittred /torn
the run4 cj a hurricane, or Ike too luc y load ef
thfiuiU «
t .it this p>’igd coff { l ad not yet been culti
vated in the Idand of Jamaica, as n proved by n
represisdatio.i n ettle about Ike year 1770, to the
Court of tit. Jamcs. by the planters and merchants
residing in that island—asid eotnj refunded in se
ven chief grit ensues, iht s tenth >,J which I sub-
of land, Being jera/ttr
washed by llic s<’.i rn t'i- south, enst, urn! I “ The r-rmnnSrhitoMt nut whirl, rn here-
west, jios ”,ses all the snlvantages xvhieKau | f ‘ ^ u ff ,ru f< n,r1 ' l ‘' l:l "f [bi ie
* Iioilrtf'arit. hud I'mi *
■ Italy, and was about statin
•?“ at STtoJai A-»eyaj«r~ ■. -I". \ry.'
^ tSu-la *4' That wan was C«W,
. | le.ltd, y turr lost by the heavy duties that e&c laid
nep/1red the w hole of \ upok rl—and preoab y, mu sugar, rvm, ginger,
for Egyj't—.V« i'cju j i -f .h'Wilhic(tlu*nnefatt,iJ*tioltiiniilyrttiudi-
ers—Of Holland f adt\ And bi we have ju>t now begmi to plant
the Uukt esf l'nr(-,l ioffer, wc hope fora Ijounty to enrourage thet
y. an*&-at this time I pUutation, on our iend:nr i« to England—at
tfet. j it
<</”
i csrt tba; tbtre oiijl.t be nu iluties la J vpm it.
R.V.ITF.
Hati.i'hay, Jan. 20.
Titr. ?EUI'IIOM LAW.
Tlic Senate then resumed Ihc ronsid-
cratiuii of llm rcaoliitioua declaiiug the
late sedition law unconstitutional, and to
indemnify those who fullered damages
under il—the motion of Mr. Ilalker, of
Geo. made sonic days ago, to jiostponethe
resolutions indefinitely, being still under
consideration.
Mr. lluibtiur again addressed (lie Se
nate in sii|'|iort of the resolutions, and in
reply t<> their opponents.
Mr. Smith also again spoke in reply to
Mr. Harbour and others who advocated
the resolutions.
Mr. .Mecca likewise spoke again insup.
port of the resolutions, and in yetence
of the opinions he had previously advanc
ed.
Mr. llulrrtt, of Maine, spoke atlenglb
against postponing the resolutions, th*’
lie prefered legislating for the particular
case of Matthew Lyon.
Mr. IValker, of Georgia, spoko again
to vindicate Lis opposition to these reso
lutions.
The question was then taken on J^e*
indefinite postponement of the r«tli»-
tiomandwus decided in the atlirmative
as follows :
Y EAS.—Messrs. Chandler, Dana, F.ator,
Elliott, Halliard, Viorsey, Hunter, Johnsiyi^f u " ,n! "
T.oii. King of N. Yoik, LanltMO, Lloyd, *jflp®®MOcy of
Mil’s, Mo-ril, Noble, Otis, Filmer, Parrott, hoiite 1
»*u< us icuy opposed IDS IS*
commitment, because it would pioduc*
uci.iy.
Mr. Jithnton of Kentucky opposed the
motion to recommit, and udvocated tha
bill at considerable length.
Mr. ,\able followed in u short speech
en the same side.of the question, and of
the lame purport.
Mr. King of Atebama also opposed th®
recommitment, at seme I. nglh, and inci
dent illy defended the object and general
piovi»iona of the bill.
Air. IVulktr of^labama, opposed thrf
recommitmenfi nkd wynt into an elabo
rate defet.ee of the bill ; (hough he>
deemed the bill to fall short of that
measure of relief which it was expedient
to exieud to a portion of the purchasers.
Mr .Morrill spake biieily in support
of the bill as it stood; and against recom
mitment.
The question being taken on the mo-
ln>u to i ccommit the bill, it was negatived
without » division.
Mr. Thomat then offered a sub«tituto
for the first section oflhe bill, (not af
fecting any principle of the hill, but in
tended to render its ineauing clearer,;
which wus ordered to be priuted , ana
the Beuatc adjourned.
' Tiejdav, Jan. 23.
The bill forth* relief of ihe purchas
ers of the public land was again taken up,
. nd ihen, on motion of Air. King, of N.
Y. oidcred to lie on tbe table.
BA.NKKU’TMU.
The Senate, according to the order of
the Jay, took up the bill to establish au
uniform system of Bankruptcy. - •
A fie i discussing and negativingsifccco-
sive motions to postpone the consideia-
lion ol Ihe bill—first to Afonday, next to
Friday, and lastly to Thursday—the
reading of the bill proceeded, which,
from its great length, occupied touch
lime. When the reading was finished,
1 be lull wn«, on the molien of .Mr.
1 an Dyke, jiotpondd to, and made th® (
older oflhe day for Tuesday next.
Wednesday, January 24.
The Senate-again teek up Ihe bill"
granting relief to the purchasers of pub
lic lands prior to the 1st of July, 1820.
A good deal of viscussion ogain Wok
place on tliis bill, principally on ameed-
mente offered to it ; none of which,
however, of a material character, were
agreed to. The bill wa*, after gbm®
time, aguia laid on tbe table.
Friday, Job. 20.
Mr. Thomat, from the committee oq
Public Lands, to wbpm hod been referr
ed the memorial of the General Assenb-
ly of Indiana, preying to be permitted to-
lax all lands in that itnte ;dd since the
1st of July, 182Q, and all sold since (he
ist of December^ H516, on which the
pay merits ban-been completed, mode a
report adverse to the prayer of the me
mo-.d ; w hich waa read.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
Saturday, Jan. 20.
Mr. Uhca, from tbe committee oo Pen
sions and Revolutionary Claims, report
ed a bill “ concerning invalid pension
er* and the same was twice read and,
committed. *
On motion of Mr. IVkitmqn,
Bctolvtd, That tbe commit
subject of reviving for i
currency of foreign i
States, be intrude