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SOUTHERN RECORDER. VOL. II. MILLEDGEVILLE, TUESDAY, APRIL 24, 1821. No. II. PUBLISHED WEEKLY, (ON TUESDAY*) BY 8. GR.i XTIJl.YI) V ft- M. OIUIIE, ft THREE DOLLAR** IN ADVANCE., OH HU B DOUili AT THE EXPIRATION Or T1IE TEAR. tl _r Advertisements conspicuously inserted at (he customary rates. THOM THE I-KMOCHiriC PRESS AN AMERICAN FREEHOLDER, TO THE J’F.OPLE OF THE UNITED STATES, And Ibeir Foreign Friends, who are disposed to embark in American Manufactures. On the growth of Manufactures, without prolii |>;tion* or new forcing duties, which are left to the consideration of nil other persons, and for all oilier times and places, uuceusured and unapproved. The memorial*, petitions, publications, nml reports, upon the subject of legis lative encouragement to manufactures bv duties and prohibitions, and other means, are now fully before Congress, the state Legislatures, and the firmers, planters, merchants, and consumers.— They are nil cheerfully and respectful ly left for their consideration and decis ion. But there are various measures which may also he taken by the people themselves, and those measures are the special object of this paper. There is a very large description of landed productions, which are the raw materials raised by the states upon the Chesapeake bay, and North and West, and East thereof, to Maine, inclusively. These are iron, flax, hemp, wool, skins, and lead. It is certain that the measures of the federal and state legislatures, and of the citizens of that extensive district of our country, devised and adopted at various times since the Declaration of Independence, have brought that valua ble list of lauded productions ot that great ood populous section of the United State*, to so fall r.r.d steady a state s n d course of employment, that non* of these rate ma terials are nost> exported. We refer to the evidence of the return of exports for several years before 1821. It is also true, that although those six raw materi als are likewise found in all the stales south of the Chesapeake bay, none of them are exported. All of them that the Union produces are steadily and useful ly manufactured. It is also true, that large quantities of the same six kinds of rate materials are constantly imported from foreign countries. It is likewise a fact, that all those six raw materials arc mu-li higher in our markets than they were in the general peace which fol lowed our Revolutionary war, and in that which preceded the wars that grew out of the revolutions of France. These certain, well known, and long continued facts prove, that, if it he wise and expe dient to promote the manufacture of the productions of the land, (cultivated and natural.) this nation and its general and local legislatures have not opposed or pre vented it. But, on the contrary, by re curring principally to import duties, and uvoiding, (except in short occasional e- mergencics,) to tax American manufac tures and raw materials, they have faith fully and effectually nursed these six ma nufactures, and indeed several others, euch as soap and tallow, and w ax, snuffs, chew ing and smoking tobacco, 40 millions of gallons of spirits distilled from grain, fruit, and the cane, and of beer, ale, and porter, loaf 4c lump sugar, coarse earth en wares, stone and marble, bricks, coo pers’ and cabinet wares, all kinds of car riages ar.J farming implements, ships, vessels, and boats, wares of gold, silver, copper, brass, pewter, and tin, rags anti paper, bone, horn, straw aod wood, wa fers, starch, hair powder, vermicelli, macaroni, glass, cotton goods, printed goods of all kinds on paper aud cloths, gunpowder, arms of all names, ball, shells, and other munitions of war, and other manufactures to a vast amount.— Krom the various evidences and docu ments before the public, there is not any^ reason to doubt that our manufactures of all kinds, (excluding flour and sawed and hewed lumber.) arc two or three times the value of our whole exports of foreign aod domestic goods. Whence it certain ly appears, that Congress and the state governments and People have made a *ystcm and a mass of American manufac tures, mucji greater (as 3, or as 2, to I) than the same legislatures and people have made out a system and a mass oj foreign commerce. This real and per manent superiority in value of our manu factures, over our foreign trade, ought to be remembered, and considered as a proof of justice and wisdom. In regard to the future prospects of the growth of our manufactures, and of our foreign commerce, we pre*ume there is no reason to doubt, that our possession of redundant capital, machinery, 4t skill, with the employment of women, children, and emigrants, and ol draught cattle, the reduced prices of raw materials, food, forage, fuel, rent*, working animals and labor, and the impossibility of foreign restriction on our manufactures, will oc casion that branch of our business to grow more rapidly than oarforeign com merce, which is watched by jealous for- eiga governments and by eagle-eyed com petitors. which, Dgether, have the com mand of their own laws. Evsryjorngn injury to external commerce helps to pro mote ovr home manufactures.—Let our rivals take care. The most important objgct of attention, consideration, and exertion, for the plan ters and farmers, and landholders, at this time, is to apply part of their industry to the production of those things, which are least reduced in price and value, and to omit, in part, to raise those which arc reduced in value. Wool, flax, hemp, skins, and iron, are yet much higher than in each of the seven years of peace which preceded and followed our revo lutionary war. Indigo is neglected, and should be revived. Madder and woad were never duly attended to. Pork and beet nre high, and grain, which is low, may be converted into liquors, pork, and beef. Distilled liquors will keep sound, and improve with age, while flour and meal will grow sour and spoil. The grape vine, worth to France one hundred mdlions of dollars, (more than all our exports, on a medium of any three successive years,) may certainly be in troduced in our country, from 40 deg. north to the Gulf of Mexico. Cider, metheglin, mead, and currant wine, li quors of the middle and the northern slates, with beer, ale, porter, and distill ed spirits, will employ a part of our lauds and labor. Household manufactures are invaluable in their amount and in their tendencies to promote the domestic vir tues and the precious comfoits of a de cent home. The manufactures of the dairy are yet high and insufficient for our own use and exportation. England, ex- rlusively of Scotland, Ireland, and Wales, sliipt variouscheeses of the first qualities and the most prompt sales, at 3d. or 4d. sterling per pound, in the seven years that followed me peace of I, t>o. So of Holland, niftiest destitute of land. S<s of Upper Italy and Switzerland. We mu-1 scrutinize and imitate the internal busi ness nnd economy of all other countries, and make our laud flow with milk and honey, and every stream of plenty and comfort. Whatever Congress may do further, or not do, these measures are respectfully conceived to he fk objects for the planters, farmers, manufacturers, and all the people, of this Union. Even the West India slave colonies of Great Brit ain, Denmark, and the Nctherl inds, ma nufacture their molasses into rum, and the like slave colonies of France and Spain manufacture their cruJe muscova dos into while refinedrugars. The Span iards, Bahamians, and Bermudians, con struct fleets and formidable vessels for commerce and war even in their slave ports. The economy, skill, and indus try, of the American people will not be surpassed by such competitors in any state from Maine to Louisiana. It is riot our intention to sngge-t any objections whatever to other measures to promote manufactures, lie only desire also to recommend these considerations to every planter, farmer, landholder, and citiven. of all the states. Every county scat of justice in the United States should have a manufacturing society, (as the sea ports have wisely their chambers of com merce,) to promote the purchase of the productions of the land, and the employ ment of them in manufactures, as raw ma terials, ingredients, aliments, budding materials, fuel, 4:c. for the workmen an l artels. We say nothing at all for or against ad ditional duties or prohibitions, but we all know well that the distiller, brewer, tan ner, shoemaker, saddler, carder, spin ner, weaver, paper miker, brush ma ker, pctter.stonecuttcr, blacksmith, wool and fur hatter, glover, leather breeches maker, metal caster, printer, giae maker, skin dresser, tallow chandler, soap boil er, water maker, starch maker, and such manufacturers, buy our grain, wool, tl ix, hemp, metals, skins, clay, fat and tallow, hops, fuel, meat, and other produce.— Not only do the various leather manu factures, which we make, amount to 20 or 25,1100,000 of dollars ppr annum, but we have tanneries, leather dressers and workers, equal to the manufacture of twice the value, if the cultivators of the soil and the merchants could only produce or impart a double quantity of rata skint. So ot iron ; could our owners of furna ces furnish twice their annual supply, wc could work up the whole with our forges, rolling mills, slitting mill*, cas tings, nail mills, blacksmiths’ and other manufactories. So of wool, which we buy of our farmers at 50 to 100 per cent, advance upon the prices of the great masses of coarse, common, and good wool in Great Britain, though the annual rents and yearly taxes of every a re ol land m Great Britain are greater than the cost of the tame quality of land in the United States. So of flax ; of which we import much. And so ol hemp, lead, rags, indigo, and other raw materials, dye stuffs, and coloring matters, and in- grediants for manufacture. Still, there fore, leaving to other person*, tunes and places, the subject of additional du ties and prohibitions, we shall proceed with similar fact* relative to our actual manufacturing career, past, pre*ent, and future, in another paper, to which we request the attention of the deeply inter ested landholders, and cultivators of ’he. soil, oftlie merchants and manufacturers, and of alt foreigners who meditate estab lishments in the United States. ON THE ACQUISITION OF FLORIDA The following lively article is copied from the Charleston Courier, in which paper it appears as a communication : DREAMS OF GOLD. The acquisition of Florida, while it affords to the nation a little more room for exerei and to Congress (if it he a had one) a little more room lor wrangling, has served to till the bosoms of individuals with a species of exhilarating gas, producing fantastic hopes and visions, singular in their appearance, and various in their exemplification. It would seem as if every wish was to he achieved in Florida, and every ill to terminate there— that, with the soft facility of her own ze phyrs, she is to yield to every solicitation, throwing entirely into the hack ground the cold and barren reserve of the old ladies of the connexion. We shall attempt a brief sketch of the en thusiastic excitement which hasgrown onto!' the simple proposition, “ Florida is our.s."— On tin- annunciation of this important fact, the speculator ill land says to himself, “ 1 made a bargain some lime since w ith the go vernment—At turned out to lie a had one, it is true, hut the government, with mart) kindness, (not much cunning, however,) let off. Nmv, it does not require much cou rage to make another contract, because, if it fails, i shall he released, and the profits are all mine. Besides, the profits aie certain— for, if the land below and wet, it will suit for the culture of rice—ifdry.it will be good foi cotton—if marshy, excellent for nianun—if a river be near, appropriate for trade—if the river be remote, secured from the freshes— if woody, full of slop timber—if pine barren, just tin spot for health—where the growth i* lofty, abounding with oak—and where humid", the fragrant pine apple mid orange ; if near Angu-ti ic, how secure from invasion —if near Pensacola, how accessible to com merce—if inhabited, what an inducement to settle on it—if uninhabited, wlrit a site lor a !<»„r ” TH||« comprehensive i-i his views, eager in liis wishes, and fertile in his illusions, tile land speculator emharas lor Augustine : with the anxiety of a bride-groom to behold his spouse. Another set of enthusiast* are railed “ Of fire Hunters.’’ These are gentlemen who will do no work unless the nation are their masters. They trust not to labor, nor to chance, nor to the contracts or rosponsihililies of individuals. No loot they! They must he paid from the public treasury—they must be engaged by the year at least, if they can not, as they prefer, be engaged for life. As the government is independent, it would he wrong to say that those are not so who de pend upon its favor*. Now, to illustrate the effects of the Florida purchase, nod the cs tablislimcr.t of a provincial government, on these gentlemen, we will suppose that one otGcu only is vacant, and that for this there are, and it is a moderate calculation, one hundred candid ites. The new ollicc being created, some process like the following passe* simultaneously in the In-aria ofthe—■ hundred individuals, urultcied over tile Uni on, to wit: “ I want an office—I deserve an office—I’ll apply for an oITii-e—I on pret ty sore of getting an office." Written ip- piiralion* follow, ncrnmpanied with n-rmu- mendationa, where they can he nht.iined, stating tli- peculiar apt tude ->f the candid -!-•. The patient now enjoys a pleasing anxiety, sustained by the conseientivaiviess of ap proaching elevation. He never dreams of defeat, lint makes up bis mind, with stoical j firmness, fo abandon his home i i quest f those honors which the Scripture* deny to a prophet, except lie he on li'*travels. Ne ver once does it neeur fo these eager rxprr taut*, tint, as Cindtrtlla's slipper ln-liiiiged only to fill-7 rilla, though all the girls in III- universe should try te put it on, sn an -ffi - can hrlang only t v one individual, and it i- useless for so many to try nniDq-cexo them selves intuit. When the numerous eiv il judicial ntlWrs, Judges, Marshals, Collec tor*, Clerk-, Attorneys, !gr. which are t-- grow oil* of the Florida treaty, arc consider ed, and yet li-nv di-proportion ito they are to the number of applicants, it i* melancho ly til think hoxv few of the rg;» can prod-ice any thing oter which vanity sit* brooding. Yet expectation is pleasing. , There is something exhilarating in thi* acq -s,l-oo io the professors of l-ov. A title drawn in a strange language most he, to a certain degree, nhsenre—anil,in a thinly set tled country, difficult of il- ina;cation. T!i* changes of government, former anil recent, multiply difficulties. The American nmsi pay for Spanish,anil the Spaniard fur Ame rican law - suthat In-re is a siring of ind ire- merits lor this class of sharp-witted adven turer*. A valetudinarian, who has liern quietly waiting that Florida might ho red- d, to go there for his health, lias rejected all in- (Ural prescription, and relies (or rec-ivery nu the -range groves of A-lgilsldle—vn-l an. pi elite, who ha-l recently visited il, on turning the ratification of the treaty, turned con temptuously from the f liarlest'-n market, because in Florida he could liny a sheeps head for seven pence. The maniifartiirrr* of book* and charts are likely to gain l-y the ci-v-i-in. A new map has become necessary, to i hang* a yel low line into a blue one—and a new lii-tory of Florida is aorioiniced, which can only con tain one new fa-1, to wit: its belonging to lb-- United Stales. 't is pleasing to observe the hustle anxi ety which is thus produced. Wo il-- not believe that any in.irudoo* profits will re sult to adventurer*, although t.at Would bo another source of pleasure, It'll should prove demands being ascertained before any ran he paid. When the government yields the rights of its citizens, it ought in fairness to assume them. It does not become a great nation lopav its debts like a bankrupt, by - dividend. It is to be feared ih.vt no compro mise of our merchants’ claims for wrong* long ago sustained and arknow lodged, w II afford to Them but a partial, protracted and unsatisfactory relief. * Five millions or nothins : these were the alternatives, and it is not fair to stale the -|-irs- tion dill'erenlly. Lei ns add, Unit Five Million* of Dollars, raised by taxes ou the People, u no trifle to he paid out of the Treasury of the I idl ed States to a few merchants, who have -of fered losses of properly by -lepredntions at «eu —hI h lime too, when Congress Inis perempto rily refused to pay ■ single crat of indemnity to lliose Whose properly lias been plundered ami de-troyed on the land. We do not think the mi-rciiHiit* have any right to cimii/am of Ihr Trpaty, unless perhsps in mi isolated ense or two, in wide - the government ot Spain tins ac knowledged isii obligation to pay il.e toll a- mouui, and that otili oiion is supposed to lie cancelled by the Treaty. In m-nr-t to the claims of the merchants, generally, it will not l-e contended that this government vvn- bound to indemnify their lo-s Would bpnin ever have indemniticit them frooi liemu-.i t e.-n-ry voluntardy ? d hat was tried, and a holly f.iil- ed Would a War have forced her I - -to so? That indeed vvonld have l-ecn a ha/ai.-do-is and expensive experiment, anil in il* most happy c- vent, uuulJ not have produce,I results noire tav'-rable ttinu those of (lie I'renty. If mure had been given for Florida, the nation would have liH-1 reason to r.o-uplain llial the govern- -t had paid too dear Ibrthe whistle: hni it - only in lhal manner that more cool I to-ve •ii obtained a* an indemnity In our mere imi.ts. er nil, we are under 111-- impression that, eii the etui ins come In lie tlin.oughly silted I vviiuimveJ, the cloak of live millious will mil lie found so scant a- appears In be general ly supposed by lUose illicit: Util lathe claims. Aa. 1 Ini. There is one view of the treaty which is a painful one. It recognizes as the maxi not Ilf which the merchants are to lie remu nerated for Spanish *pnii.-linns on our emn- tnercc, the sum of five millions of dollars.*— It is understood that In yood thi*‘anus Spain is released, and nor government not Ihldi-.— It is also understood But the tilaims tar ex ceed the appropriation. Tlteywiil cm.se- qncntly he p-d only in certain proportion*, and that probably at a distant period, all the from run sAinmtr. istelligenieii. LOUISIANA AND FLORIDA. The sod ol* eomdrit-ti cnarai It ili-ed aa san dy require* part ir dor attention In llleir na tural growths, and to thru- subsoils, to enable us jnaliy lo eaviinale tm-ir Birengiii .nut iii, i, value. These two pilin'* require due con sideration in judging of ill-soil of Florida where it is sandy. Wherever there is un der the soil sand a subsoil, or under soil, of guild clay or other earth, the trees produc ed by nature, are of good nr great size, and are often intermixed or of various kinds.— Tile name of Florida, given, it is supposed from the appearance of health, vigor and richness, in III* woods and natural growths, is some evidence of the existence of a good soil, or under aoil. Ploughing no the sub- unit and mixing it wish -he sa id, so as to make it a loam, is both easy and profitable. The river bottoms, all'll ial lands, noil par ticularly the Dellas at ilie mouths of tile 'i vers, must be equal in that climate *n the production of sugar, coffee,cocoa, ortlin lio- cnlate nut, and other Hert-lnilin productions. It has been already mentioned, that the warmth of the Gull stream, driven from the coasts of the Spanish main, in the latitudes !> to 1C N. and from the (lari iliean sea lip through the streight between Yucatan and Uubn towards Mobile hay, and running, is toils east division trim that bay along tlm coast* of Louisiana and Floiida, and alimg the peninsula of Floi ida to Cape Sable and Florida, and from tla-nce. along the cast coast oftlie peninsula to tile north thereof and beyond it, has a very material intluerre ilium lite atmosphere of the co-inti v lately reded to us by Spain. The other division* of the Golf Si ream, produced bv one sooth coast at Mob It- runs, ns til" wrecks ami drifts (•mve, wesfe rd, receiving the vast fresh siren ot of Hie W -is-ippi am! carrying it a- iv ty fro i the Florida peninsula. It is re peated. tiecnose it is very important to the climate of our new .noth ise.that the warmth • if the Golf Stream, to lie presumed from the circirnsiance of iiscimse, is folly proved by the tiler a .re. It is lo In- presumed, that il will li,-. for lint s-.me reason, the bet ter adapt.-,I io tbe mariuf leture of salt, is strengthened in its saline quality hy the in- pncatinn ii iilrr a son limn 8 to i j degrees south n(Tucks Islands. Wlii-ii tin* groat ext ill "f IhoFInii lire - aim (sn.iMO.O.W' is i msiile'erl, ami how •mall «: * the ext lit of the I’ri uch part ol ■"t. Domingo, .and mu-ii of it was nni-lrared anil iiiicnltiv,i!i-.l, wo must perceive, ,1 il a small portion of thn I aid* l»-i-.cli -I g- ml enough for sugar, coffee, and ns • -, il mint be as IvEvfiefirial as a ! -r-e West-l-nl-, , .land The sugar, cod. i-and coma pl i'i'crs will have abundant li ed i-u- g as . gr i->, Lmural prevision*, cattle, lto„«. «ii* #p, fuel, build u.:, cooperage, tacts ami all other I I-I till leei-s sary piir|io*i--, on ve.-y modi rate term*. »•> as to enable them to work. very acre of tli-ir good so'l. They may join to tin-r sugar estates plant.'linn* of coffee,* cotton, olives, gripe v im ", dates, oranges, pine apple*, fig*, ami other tilings, which ar.- pro-ln-c-l on poorer lands in climate* sufficiently warm, and which dor,nt require su many bonds is «ugar. Il i< presumed that the turtle fishery, for the meat anil lor tin* shell, will In- added by nor vnterprizi. g fellow riliretis of the east ern sta’r*, to which may be nddi d the pro fit- of (he * ,lv age of vessel*, vv liiet. have suf fered shipwreck. It will be nur interest to attract settlements in all the Florida purl", ■mi along the whole line of its eoa'ls, hy persons of the fir-t nauliral and naval ,-opa- cities, practice, sml experience. Their .oil in checking any preset,tor new spiiit of irre gularity, on the ocean id ainong-l the k--J- und Ifclr*. will he often important, even io lire* of im'rcc,and will lie neces-a -y in war. The naval capacities of Florida imi'l In* con sidered R* highly important to tile rich and increasing cninmeree and expnits of the li ver Missisaippi, and all the coasts oftlie Gulf of Mexico, and will happily increase J*. strengthen the l-omlsnf tin- union, existing between the slates on tile great western ri vers and those on the Atlantic Ocean. Tins w ill certainly lie the rase, either as Floi ida now stand*, or if the legislature shall adopt the plan of annexation pru|wsed by l Us Con vention of Alabama. The militia system of that rising and in creasing state, would In- constitutionally eli cited lo support and defend, from “ foreign invasion,’’ the places of marine armament, deposit, and communication, and Hie uier candle purls on the coasts, hy their inclusion within III* civil jurisdiction and militia dis trict of the Governor and Commander in t'll'ef of that SlatP. This io Ihe case of a section of the Union so much exposed, and so distant from the seat of the general go vernment, may he found worthy ofthe most early and srrioua consideration. The pow er nf a stale government In call nut a Curve to repel invasion appears to apply to the actu al or imminent invasion of some portion of its own proper territory. Jl is said that mahogany, nml several o- tlier woods, of live roasts ami islands, nil and near the Mexican Gulf, particularly the dye wood* and the animal dye, railed cochinei l, are found in Florida, proving Ihe power ol its southern climate, adding to its value to us. The production of the poppy and the pre paration of opium, may he confidently ex pected. The island of Cuba, dl-tant I0. r > miles, is famous for its lives, if* wax, aod for its Ih-au- ilfnl, line, and abundant honey. KIviri«|*a holds forth similar adv.ifitagei,and tin pro duction oftlie myrtle nu. If any part of our country ran support pliiulii'iuns nf tile cork tree, it must he East Florida, 'i'll.it wood grows in Europe south of Bordeaux. The value of irrigation, or tin* watering nf grounds,is every where important, hot most si. in ligh: soils, (pvored with pn -I 1 " live cli mates. The imuieroos rivn-s ol Florida au thorizes us to expert great erops from even sandy lands, which can lie thus irrigated.— The orange and the vine are regularly water ed io Portugal and Madeira, with great pro- lit. Wc shall lien- riinrhidc these suggestions and remark*, which „re intended to tiring tile real aud probable adeantag-sof tbe tale cession under the view of tile nation. If they slnll contribute U> quicken and increase liie observation oftlie public agents and pri l ife persons who may visit that country, they may conduce to cunvi-niciice and to be nefit COLUMBIANUS. " Hrvnti F.dwards, esq. states, that the most delicsie Cnfiee, called Mocha, grows in Arutiia io poor and *auily-lands, unff iu Jamaica in poor lands unfit fur sugar. AGRICULTURE. The liberal aud enlightened policy ofthe slate of New York tunbrsecs the great sub ject of Agriculture as writ us internal im provement. Allied to each other, they Ivolli claim n ahare of die munificence nf her Le gislature—Whilst the former has been gta dually improving from tin- cupidity nod en- terpnze of individuals, tin- latter, if not en tirely neglected, lias been left to private as sociations, whose means have not been com uienuinte with tin- wants ofthe country.— At length, however, the. public attention ap pears to he roused—and wc may, justly, an- liripale inipnrta.it ami lasting benefits fiom lilt* direction which it lias taken. Most of tile state*, and rspeeinlly those in which there existed the greatest necessity for It, have set seriously to work in opening nevv rlianucls of rmnmnuiratinn among litem- selves ami vvilh I lo ir neighbours. In our I i-t No. wendierted to the recent appropri ation by the legislature of l'eim-vlvania, of $ l.I-Jb.lbft In this great object. The same zealous spirit is manife-liiig itsrlf in ollu r directions, lint Nevv-York *oen s lo l>r the only state, in which Ihe Legislature have taken much interest in the improvement of Agriculture. They have established bylaw, •i *• Hoard of Agriculture,” and lie-i-l-s ap- prnpri iting twenty thousand doll vrs toward* its general objec/s, direct that 1500 copies oftlie annual volume of Iheir proceedings or memoirs, -hall lie published at the public ex- prnce, and distributed by the country sori- i lies, antueg the farmers of the state. The first volume of this »oik, containing iniscel- laiie-i is essay s and paper*, hs« made ils ap pear.-’eu, and is said to he an interesting compilation. As one society would lie ton large and un wieldy in a great slate, the multiplication of sin -iter ones nm*t ensure greater pimetuali- ty in the attenda-er of member* at gene- ial meetings, a—I excite more oftlie publie -tl-iilim!. »* "ell is draw fnitii mure e-soys, tie Without so lie general board to eon- ri-nlrale nff the information wbil II the coun try societies may prneure, and In eti lie and sustain tbeir zoni 'heir efforts would proba bly bn. ahort-lived—and, cnnscqiiealiy, less beneficial to tho i iiiiimimity. Fvlliaps, til experiment of Nevv-York will rrciinunen I it-elf luthe adoption „f ,,t!i ir stain* In Virginia we should wish tu see soim thing more elected by private as sociation* si.g’y nr rninhinv il wit's facilities i,tiered l.y the public. Agricultuio is the great and print i*y interest of the American Stales. All other inteie-ts grow out of it, Si feed upon it. Should nut aoiwlhing then hr awardedlnil* importance ? We protest against bounties, premiums, and mo mpolies, and. rs|M-cially, whrn they “ tax the many, for tin- lienefft nflhe few’’—We cannot con sent that any tiling in the way of premium, whether Vnil rail it duty nr 4oturfy,*hnidd lie taken from tin- I’luughman, and given to the Weaver, merely becau-c tin- tail*r is A- inericao. Yet we ihink lit it facilities in iyr, vvilh propriety, be afforded. But Agricul ture nnd liilernnl Improvement do not fall a iI !:i:i the comliliilinnnl scope of eoogreshl- inal power. They are bic.it subjects he lm g/ng cxi lu-i'i ly to the Slates. Our Agriculture has been lung neglected, and is now labouring under embarrassments almost unexampled in lh« history of the country, its product* roinnnu.d prices which are comparatively inconsiderable.— But the planters and farmers should lint bv disheartened. They should avail vhoimelve* of Jtii* period to improve their e.-t: te, and he prepan d, when tints v shall grow heller, tu reap those advantages which must im enjoy- I by thv prudent and discreet. Those vv ho are not of debt, will see tho propriety "f n- dopting that system nf husbandry, which, i FROM THE RSI.EICII R(OISTZn. OF COTTON, ITS CULTIVATION, DISEAS ES,^. Mr. Gar.ES—The following extract no an intereating subject of Agriculture, i* from a coiiimutiication io the American Farmer, by “ A Planter of Johnston County, n. c.” The w riter, unless I am greatly mistaken, is w-ell known to both of ns and to the slate, unit it i» to be re gretted that he should have thought pro per to will-hold his name from the rom- miiniratinn. Ill all case*, the authority for facts ought to Ire known, and in this, (her would derive great additional weight from that knowledge. With these re marks, I submit to yon for re-publication, (lie concluding part ofthe E *«ay, which relates to (tie Culliv ution of Cullen, and Diseases, containing facts and opin ions new to me, and w hich appear tu be important. Calvin Jones. THE EXTRACT. From what little I have seen ofthe Rot in Cotton, I ami-liable Inform a sa tisfactory opinion as lo its probable cause, n a crop of about 200 acres, I have sus tained very little injury hy it, and thi* is the first year, so tar as my information Blend*, of its appearance in this H ite. Neither was I murh troubled hy the worm, which I licit ive has now also for tile first time infested our cotton, hy ea ting into the pod when about Ii lifgroan, which utterly rained it. On- summer lias been universally wot ami warm, which, we all know , is that state of tho at ii - i*i liero most favorable to the gen erating insect*. To this, in a great measure, do I at tribute the large quantity of worms, that have appeared this season. They aro if the same genus and species as those winch make their way into the ears of Indian corn at the tass.-l end. w hile in it* milkv state : I planted tills year about four acres of Indian corn, and cotton to gether ; the corn was planted in tho same ridge with the c-tlon, one stalk in a place and *ix feet apart, the ridges or beds being 5 1-2 feet apart. I saw no difference in the growth of this cotton, and tlir corn, su far as I could discover, was equally goml as tli.it where no cot ton had been planted. But in these four acres, not a worm had presumed to puncture a single po-l ; there were seve ral iii the ears of corn, ami I saw on this compartment, but a single pod that had the cot. Corn planted w ith cotton, and at same time, arrives to that state in which the norm has the greatest fondness foe it, some time before the cotton forms its bowls ; a half grown cotton bowl, at or about which time the worm attacks it, is fill of juice, containing considerable »ac- - hirine matter ; so lias corn in the mil ky state, and this it is which attracts the w orm. And as the corn soonest perfects that food fur the worms, I suspect from this year’s observation, that it protect* the cotton from their ravage* ; fur after ihey enter an ear of corn they wi'l not leave it to feast upon another plant. A- gain, the worms demoy but a small part of -n ear of com. If corn injures cotton where planted with it, the small trial that I have made anil desi nhej.does not prove it. I should he unwilling, how ever, to ri*k a whole crop upon it in that way, hut I intend to plant (he next year fifty acres in that manner, ami to observe it minutely in every stage of its growth, nnd its effects upon Ihe worm, and tho rot. 11‘the rot m cotton is occasioned, as is generally supposed, by an insect, why will not some other vegetable, when planted witli it, in a mode tliRt will not injure its growth, protect it from thi* in sert, a* securely as wheat will the turnip from the fly or flea ? I applied pi i-ter last yenr and this, te the halt - I afield ofcolloo, con:.lining about 20 acres ; the last year was ex- tr-mely drv, hut the plastered cotton imbibe.I sufficient moisture from the at mosphere to keep it of a dark green co lour, while that without pla«tpr was very yellow and grew slowly ; yet I could li-cover no difference in the product.— That without plaster, yielded as much cotton wool to the acre as that with it.—• 1 lie same observation has held good this year, except as to colour ; the wet kept all the plants green until frost, no visible difference in their product ; this war rant' me in an opinion I have long cn- tertained, that plaster a« a manure, adds t<> the growth and size of the plant, but nothing to its fruit nr seed. I doubt very much whether clover, upon which it is said to Imve such won- leifil effect, produces any more seed to the acre by being plastered. I have tried other man-ires, and especially cot ton seed, drprivednf its vegetating prin ciple, and they have not only increased Ihe size of the st.-lk, but the pod* con taining the wool.” A duel is said to have been lateljr fought in England, in which bread bul lets, rolled in black lead powder, wero used. Three shot* were exchanged, without injury ; when Ihe parties wern satisfied. As notoriety is often a grent although it ho attended with small profits for; 0 '’J* C * ^'h a duelist. It is to be hope-1 tin- presenf, promises an ample remunerate- i universal eelebritjf will bo given lo on in future.—Enquirer. ' this affair.—iY. Y. paper s