Newspaper Page Text
O
/V
VOLpfi XLVI.
MILLEDGEVILLE, GEORGIA, TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 2S; 1865.
NUMBER 9.
J{ . M. ORME & SON,
il)rfOfiij AND FRuTJt&i&TQRo. "
fffins—$8 00 for Four Hontlis, in Advance.
TRANSIENT AI» VEKTISIKjG .
Per square of ten lines, each insertion, $5 00
LEGAL ADVERTISING.
Ordinary's—
Citations for Letters of Administration,
by Administrators, Executors, Guardians,
*c 8 00
Appl ication for Letters of Dismission from
Administration and Guardianship 12 00
Application for leave to sell Laud and
Negroes 12 00
Notice to Debtors and Creditors 10 00
Sales of personal or perishable property,
pa square .f ten lines 4 00
Males of Land and Negroes, per square of
ten lines T2 00
Sheriff's—
Each levy of ten lines, or less....... —. 8 00 i
Mortgage sales of leu lines, or less 1G 00 |
All advertisements of sales hy Sheriffs
exceeding ten lines, will be charged in pro
portion.
Tax Collector’s sales-, per squasc , 10 00
Clerk's.
Foreclosure of Mortgage and other man!li
ly advertisements, $4 00 per square of ten
ten lines for each insertion.
Establishing lost papers, per square of ten
lines 10 00
Fora man advertising his wife, in advance, 20 00
Tributes of Respect, Resolutions b.y So
cieties, Obituaries, &iz., exceeding six lines,
to be charged as transient advertising.
[ if* Sales of Land and Negroes, by Administra
tors, Executors or Guardians, are required by /aw
to he held ou the first Tuesday in tire month, be
tween the hours of ten in the torenoon and three
in the afternoon, at the Court-house in the county
in which the property is situated.
Notice of these sales must he given in a public
gazette 40 days previous to the day of sale.
Notices for the sale of personal property must
be given in like manner 10 days previous to sale
day.
Notices to debtors and creditors of an estate
must also be published 40 days.
Notice that application will be made to the
Court of Ordinary for leave to sell Land or Ne
groes, must be published for two months.
Citations for letters of Administration, Guar
dianship. Arc., must be published CIO days—for dis
mission from Administration, monthly six. months ;
lbr dismission from Guardianship, 40 days.
Rules for foreclosure of Mortgages must be pub
lished monthly for four 'months—for establishing
lost papers, for the full spirre of three months—for
compelling titles from Executors or Administra
tors, where bond lias been given by the deceased,
the full space-of three months.
Publications will always be continued accord
ing to these, the legal requirements, unless other
wise ordered.
?CL
CITATIONS^
TlANCdfck COUNTY.
t l A.O
r Whereas Thomas S. Powell has filed his pe
tition in the Court of Ordinary for said county
praying for letters of administration on that part
of the property of Mathew Rabun, *late of said
county, deceased, not embraced in his will,
This is therefore to cite and admonish all and
singular, the kindred and creditors of said deceas
ed, to be and appear at my office within the time
prescribed by law, to show cause, if any exist,
why said letters should not be granted.
THOS. I. LITTLE, Ordinary.
January 31, 1865 & 5t
G eorgia, Hancock county.
Whereas Albertus W. Vogt, Sidney F. Vogt,
Roxana E. Vogt and John W. Vogt, minors and
orphans of Jesse L. Vogt, late ot said county,
deceased, are without guardians—
These are therefore to cite and admonish all per
sons interested, that, if no legal objection be filed
at the Term of the Court of Ordinary in March
next, the guardianship of said minors will be vest
ed in the Clerk of the Superior or Inferior Court of
said county, or in some other fit and proper per
son. THOMAS I. LITTLE, Ordinary.
January 31, 1865 5 5t
( 1EOKGIA, TELFAIR COUNTY.
'vJ" Whereas David Hulett applies to me for let
ters of administration on the estate of John Ste
phenson,.lat q of said county, deceased—
This is therefore to cite’and admonish all con
corned to file their objections, if any they have
in my office within the time prescribed by law
otherwise letters of dismission will be granted to
the applicant after the lawful publication of this
citation. JOHN McDEARMID, D. Ord’y.
January 31, 18G5 5 5t
GOVERNOR’S MESSAGE. _
EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT, ?
Macon, Ga., Feb’y 15, 1865. J
ffo the Senate and House of Representativesj:
Sinc^our adjournment in November, the army
ef invasion, led by a bold and skilful General, hare
passed through our State, laid waste our fields,
burned many dwelling houses, destroyed county-
records, applied the torch to gin-houses, cotton',
and other property, occupied and desecrated tie
j th? field, has reduced them below the proper ntfm-
!.«*. of a brigade, and has left supernumerary offi-
: er. . provisions should be made for a reorganiza-
I tion By- election of the Brigades, Regime nts I! g-
p talions and Companies now in service, reducing
the number of organizations as may be proper,
and the commissions of all not elected should* be
suspended and they be required to do service.—
This would make the organizations more effective.
The militia under fifty years of age organized as
above suggested should be known as the Active
Militia. ,
A permanent General Court Martial should be
leader, in presence cf Adjutant and Inspector Gen-1 slaves, we abandon slavery
erai Vayu ,!, who accompanied them during the | govern them as slaves
campaign from Qordon^o Savannah tht-uee to Au-
" ‘"’I raj* energetically and
Jai
capitol, and now hold the city of Savannah, whick
gives them a water base from which they may in i established for the trial of deserters and other do-
G t EOKGIA, TELFAIR COUNTY.
f Whereas David Hniett applies to me for tho
guardianship for the person and property of Cas-
sa Stephenson, minor heir of John Stephenson,
deceased—
These are therefore to .cite and admonish al
whom it may concern to-be and appear at my of
fice within the time prescribed by law to show
cause, if any they Lave, why letters should not be
granted to said applicant.
JOHN McDEARMID, D. Ord’y.
January 31, 1865 5 5t
G < EORGIA,
I Whereas
LOWNDES COUNTY,
as James W. Roberts applies for let
ters of administration on the estate of William II.
Burkstiner late of said county deceased—
This is therefore to adnnAiish all concerned to
show cause if any they can, ou or before the first
Monday in March next, why said letters should
not be granted, Given under my hand this 23d
day of January 18G5.
WILLIAM SMITH, Ord’y.
January 31, 1865 5 5t
TO HOUSEKEEPERS.
Clean Eags.
A ~ CENTS PER POUND will be paid in
jmi*) cash or subscription for CLEAN RAGS
delivered at tlie Recorder Office.
Milledgeville, August 23,1864
WESTOVE.H." -
A beautiful Residence and Pianla-
lion for Sale.
I NOW OFFER my Plantation, well
known as the late residence of Benjamin
S. Jordan, within five miles of Milledge-
ville, on tlie-Eatonton Railroad, handsomely im
proved, fine dwelling, with good out-houses, barn,
stables, &e., for sale In front of the dwelling
there is a beautiful FLOWER YARD, handsome
ly ornamented, and one of the finest and best col
lections of plants and flowers in Middle Georgia.
Also, a fine APPLE and PEACH ORCHARD.
The tract contains 850 acres of good land, about
2f»0 in the woods. Furniture, stock, Ac., can be
had with the place.
L. A. JORDAN.
Milledgevillc, Dec. 20,1864 47 Ot
A FARM CONTAINING 10J A acres of land,
three miles south of Thomuston, Georgia—
00 acres under fence, divided into iivT: fields and a
large woods lot: 12 acres oi branc h bottoms. A
frame dwelling with four rooms and a frame build
ing ten steps in the rear; all necessary out-build
ings; an orchard of select trees—peach, apple and
cherry; good water—spring and well. I will take
$-10 per acre in Confederate money , or $1 per acre
in gold or silver, for the jtlace. Possession given
at the close of the year.
Address box 91, Thomaston, Ga., or apply at
the Recorder office.
January 31,1865 5 tf
1'OR SALE—At .the Milledgeville Clothing
X. Store, seven fine fancy Show Cases, one large
Table with drawers, one large Looking Glass—ve
ry superior—one li on-armed Chair, three Trunks,
two very superior Ritles and one large Iron Safe.
A. C. VAIL.
January 31, 1865
tf
SlOO Reward.
S TOLEN from the subscriber’s stable, on the
night of the 18th inst., at Midway, a white
Horse Tab out eight years old, thin in order, prom
inent hip bones, high tail bone, rather chunky,
commonly paces, rubbed by the saddle ou the lore
part of his back.
The above reward will be paid for the horse .and
evidence to convict the thief. Any information
about the horse thankfully acknowledged.
li. M. ORME, Sen.
Milledgeville, Jan’y 24, 1865 4 tt
TWO GLOBES MISSINGr
D uring the
Milledgeville, two Globes belongin':
VISIT of the Yankee army.to
to tlie
Female Academy were removed from Sir. VV iiid-
sor’s office. Whoever Las them or any of the 1 ui-
niture belonging thereto, will please return them
at once to-the Academy, as they are wanted.
Milledgeville, Fek. 7, 18(55 6 tf
. NOTICE.
E H, HIENAN as general partner, and J. W.
. Fears as special partner, in mechanical busi
ness, i. e., in the publication of the Albany Patri.
ot, and Advertising, and Job Printing, in connec
tion with said paper, in Albany, Dougherty Coun
ty, G., under the firm name of E. 11. Hienan, hereby
give notice of the formation of said partnership, on
the following terras, to-wit: Ji W. Fears, kpecil
partner, pays in cash, in Confederate currency,
the sum of Eight Thousand Dollars into tlie com
mon stock. Said partnership is to commence busi
ness on the 18th day of January next and to con
tinue for the term of two years next ensuing.—
Certificate and affidavit registered in the Clerk’s
Office of the Superior Court of Dougherty County.
This 18th day of January, 1865.
E. H. HIENAN, Gen. Part.
J. W. FEARS, Spe’l Part.
Albany, Feb. 14, 1865 7 Ot
A DMINISTRATRIX’S SALE.—On the first
Tuesday in April next, will be sold before the
Court-house door in Milledgeville, Baldwin coun
ty, within the usual hours of sale, the following
property, .to-wit; 300 acres of land situated in
said county, adjoining the lands of Reuben Pros
ser, John W. Hall- Newton Pugh and John H.
Steaibridge; also, one negro girl. 15 years of age.
Sold by order of the Court of Ordinary of Baldwin
county as the property of Jesse M. Breedlove,
deceased, for tlie purpose of distribution.
MARY E. BREEDLOVE, Adm’x.
February 7,1865 6 tds
G 1 EORGIA, TELFAIR COUNTY.
T Whereas M. N. McRae applies to me for the
guardianship of tlie person and property of John
Kyalls, minor heir of William R. Ryalls, dec’d,
These are therefore to cite and admonish all
and singular, the kindred and creditors of said
deceased to file their objections in my office, if
any they have, within the time prescribed by law,
why said letters should not be granted.
JOHN McDEARMID, Ordinary.
January 31, 1865 5 5t
( Georgia telfair county,
Whereas tho estate of David McKinnon and
also the estate of Daniel McKinnon late of said
county deceased are unrepresented by petition of
any person to apply for the administration, this is
to notffy all concerned that at the March Term of
this court the clerk of the Superior court will be
appointed administrator on said estates uuless good
cause to the contrary be shown,
JOHN McDEARMID, Ord’y.
January 31,1865 - 5 5t
G eorgia, colquitt county.
Whereas Martha Hancock has riled her peti
tion in Court, praying for letters of administration
on the estate of James E. Hancock, late of said
county, deceased—
All persons interested arc hereby notified to file
their objections in Court, otherwise letters of ad
ministration will be granted said applicant at the
regular term of this Court ou the first Monday in
March next.
Given under my official signature, this 25th
Jan’y 1865 P. O. WING, D. C. C. O.
February 7,1865 6 5t
S TATE OF GEORGIA, Laurens County.
Whereas Edward Perry has applied to me for
permanent letters of administration on the estate
of Green Perry, late of said county, deceased—
These are therefore to cite and admonish all and
singular, the next of kin and creditors of said de
ceased, to tile their objections, if any exist, on or
before the first Monday in March next, to show
cause why permanent letters of administration
should not he granted to said applicant.
Given under my hand and official signature, this
January 24th, 1865,
WASHINGTON BAKER, Ordinary.
February 7, 1865 6 5l
OTATE OF GEORGIA, Laurens County.
O Whereas James M. Brantley has applied for
letters of administration, de boniS non cum teefa-
mento annexo, on the estate of Jeremiah Brant
ley, late of Laurens county, deceased—
These are therefore to cite and admonish all
and singular, the next of kin and creditors of said
deceased, to file their objections on or before the
first Monday in March next, to show cause why
letters of administration, de bonis non cum testa-
mento annexo, should not be granted to said ap
plicant.
Given under my hand and official signature, this
January 24th, 3865.
WASHINGTON BAKER, Ordinary.
February 7, 1865 6 5t
S TATE OF GEORGIA, Laurens County.
Whereas John Stripling has applied to me for
letters of guardianship of James W. Stripling, a
minor orphan of Robert F. Stripling, deceased—
These are therefore to cite and admonish all
persons concerned to file their objections, if any
exist, on or before the first Monday in March next,
to show cause why letters of guardianship should
not be granted to said applicant.
Given under my hand and official signature,
this January 24th, 1865.
WASHINGTON BAKER, Ordinary.
February 7,1864 6 5t
S TATE OF GEORGIA, Laurens County.
Whereas Edward Perry lias applied to me for
permanent letters of administration of the estate
of Eason Perry, late of Laurens county, dec’d—
These are therefore to cite and admonish all and
singular, the next of kin and creditors of said de
ceased, to file their objections, if any exist, on or
before the first Monday in March next, to show
cause why letters of administration should not be
granted to said applicant.
Given under my baud and official signature,
this January 24th, J865.
WASHINGTON BAKER, Ordinary.
February 7,1865 6 5t
G -i EORGIA, COLQUITT COUNTY.
T October Term, 1864, of Court of Ordinary of
said County.
The last will and testament of Samuel Hutchi
son, deceased, having been produced in open
Court, and application having been made that said
will be proven in solemn form, .wherefore, It is or
dered by the Court, that Pleasant Hutchison and
bis wife, Nancy, of Thomas county, Ga., Posey
Glenn and his wife, Susan, of South Carolina,
and tlie heirs of Ivey Hutchison of South Carolina,
be served with a copy of this rule by publication
thereof in tlie Southern Recorder, a public gazette
published at Milledgeville, Ga., once a week un
til the May term of this Court, requiring them to
show' cause, either personally or by attorney, why
the said Will should not be proven in solemn form
at that term of this Court.
{True copy from tlie Minutes of Court.
ISAAC CARLTON, Ordinary.
November 15,1864 46 td
T WO MONTHS after date application will be
made to the Court of Ordinary of Colquitt
county for an order to sell all the real estate of
Burrell A. Baker, late of said comity, deceased.'
f. B. NORMAN, Adm’r
February 7, 1865 6 0t
future operate upon the interior of the State.
The army of Tennessee, which contained a large
number of Georgia troops, and was relied on as
the only barrier to Sherman’s advance, the remov
al of which left Georgia at the mercy of the ene
my, was ordered off beyond the Tennessee liver
upon a campaign which has terminated vij disas
ter. In the midst of these misfortunes, Georgia
has been taunted by some of the public journals
of other States because her people did not drive
back and destroy the army of the enemy. Those
who do us this injustice, fail to state the well
known fact, that of all the tens of thousands of vet
eran infantry, including most of the vigor and
manhood of the State, which she had furnished
for Confederate service, but a single regiment,
(the Georgia Regulars) of about three hundred
effective men, was permitted to be upon her soil
during the march of General Sherman from her
North-western border to the city of Savannah;
and even, that gallant regiment was kept upon
one ot our islands most of the time, and not per
mitted to unite with those who met the enemy.
Nor were the places of our absent sonk filled by
troops from other States. One brigade of Con
federate troops was sent by the President from
North Carolina, which reached Georgia after her
capitol was in the possession of tlie enemy.
Thus abandoned to her fate and neglected by
the Confederate authorities, the State was left to
defend herself as best she could against a victori
ous .army of nearly fifty thousand of the best
trained veteran troops of the United States, with
only the Georgia reserves and militia, consisting
of a few thousand old men and boys, while her ar
my ol able-botiied gallant sons were held for the
defence ot other States, and denied the privilege
to return and strike an honest blow for the protec
tion of their homes, their property, their wives
and their children.
While the Confederate reserves in other States
have been but little of their time in the field on
active duty, and the militia, consisting of boys be
tween sixteen and seventeen, and old men between
fifty and sixty, and agriculturalists detailed by’the
Confederate government, have not in most of the
States been called out at all, the Confederate re
serves, the reserve militia, the detailed men,, the
exempts from Confederate service, and most of the
State officer's, civil as well as military, have in this
State been kept in tlie iieltl almost conttl&ntly fox
the last eight months.
These troops of classes not ordered out "else
where were placed under the control of the Con
federate General commanding the department,
and have participated in every important fight
from Kennesaw in this State to Graliamville or
Honey Hill in South Carolina. The important
victory at the latter place was achieved by tlie
Georgia militia, the Georgia reserves, the Georgia
State line, the Forty-seventh Georgia Regiment,
and a very small uuoiber of South Carolinians,
all commanded by that able and accomplished
officer, Maj. General G. W. Smith, of the Georgia
militia, As I have seen no Confederate official
account of this important engagement, which
gives the credit where it is justly due, I mention
these facts as part of the history of our State. .
If all the sons of Georgia under arms in other
Slates, of which nearly fifty regiments we^p in
Virginia, besides those in the Caroliuas, Florida
and Temiesse, had been permitted to meet the foe
upon her own soil, without other assistance, Gen.
Sherman’s army could never have passed from
her mountains to her seaboard, and destroyed
their property and their homes. He had nearly
four hundred miles to march over an enemy’s
country ; he was entirely dependent upon the
wagon train which he carried with him for a sup
ply of ammunition, without the possibility of re
plenishing after what he had was consumed. Had
he been* resisted from the start by a competent
force, and compelled to fight, his ordnance stores
must soon have been exhausted, and he forced to
an unconditional surrender. Such another oppor
tunity to strike the enemy a stunning blow will
not probably occur during the war. The destruc
tion of this army would have re-inspired our peo
ple with hope, depressed the spirits of our ene
mies, and might have prepared the way speedily
for the negotiation of an honorable peace. It
could have been done by the Georgia troops if
permitted. It should have been done at the ex
pense, if necessary, of the evacuation of Rich
mond, and the nse of Gen. Lee’s whole army
thrown rapidly into Georgia for that purpose. No.
one would regret more than I to see that city,
which has been so long and so nobly defended,
surrender to the enemy; but it must be admitted,
since the devastation of the country beyond, that
it is now only a strong out-post, of little military
importance, compared with the great interior. It
must also be admitted that Richmond is rendered
insecure by the successes of Gen. Sherman iirtlie
interior, «nl Abe position be baa pr.inrd in the rear
of that and other strongholds, which were reiiad
on for defence. * If his unobstructed movement
through Georgia must result in the loss of Rich
mond, how much better it would have been if we
had given the evacuation of Richmond for the
destruction of his army.
I have felt it my duty to refer to these facts in
justice to my State, of which it may be safely said
she lias had a larger proportion of her white male
population under arms for the last eight mouths,
in defence of our cause, than any other State in
the Confederacy. On account of the attachment
of her people to the cause of State sovereignty
and constitutional liberty, and their remonstranc
es against unjustifiable usurpations of power by
the Confederate Government, Georgia has been
systematically if not wilfully misrepresented by
government officials and organs, wLo give circu
lation to the most reckless and unjust comments
upon the conduct of the people of the State and
her government, without the magnanimity or
common honesty to publish the facts when laid
before them, .which show their statements to be
without any real foundation in fact. As an in
stance, I mention the fact that it has been indus
triously circulated that I. as Governor of the State,
have kept fifteen thousand men out of service un
der the exemption acts. I corrected this misrep
resentation by a published statement, which
showed that I had*put into service classes «f per
sons not ordered out iu other States, and that tha
whole number of State officers in Georgia, who
Lave been held by me under the legislation of the
State to be exempt from military service, was only
1,450, of whom a large proportion are over miHta-
Tliij xtAvrantinn in ail An OP «V
plus at in a rke
uiers’ f..:^
ture by tb
cavalry, \
the legisk
es are vc
| resort to i
I ro.se;.' the
denied !h;:
linquents. This would secure discipline, and
the execution of a few guilty persons, would stop
Jesertion. The militia organization completed
upon this basis should be kept by tho State du
ring the war for the defence of her territory, and
(he execution of he8 laws, and should, in no case,
le turned over to the unlimited control of the
Confederate Government or any other power. Nor
should it be sent out of the State unless it is for
the protection of some part of our border, except
in such cases of emergency as in the opinion of
the Governor make it proper that Georgia give
aid for a limited time to a sister State.
The Confederate Constitution authorizes the
State to keep troops iu time Of war. This is a re
served right, the exercise of which by the State
violates no right of the Confederate Government,
and infringes, upon no delegated powers ; nor is
the exercise of a plainly reserved right by the
Styte a breach of faith either to the Confederacy
or any sister State. — j
Gur recent sad experience has shown the wis- :
<}om of the reservation. But for the troops kept!
by the State, the city where you are now assem
bled would have been occupied, plundeied and
sacked by the enemy in their late march through
the interior. .
The constitution limits the State to no particu
lar class or age. She may keep troops composed
of any part of her citizens whom she may clioose
to organize. If we admit the constitutionality of
conscription which authorizes Congress to con-
scribe our citizens to raise armies, that provision
of the constitution must be construed with, and
limited by, the reservation in the same instrument
of the right of the State to keep troops in time of
war. This would make the jurisdiction of the Con
federate and State Governments concurrent over
the arms-beariug population of the States in time
of war. It follows in that case that the Govern
ment which first organizes and places the troops
in actual service has a right to hold them as against
the other. The State acted upon this rule in the
organization of the two regiments of the State
Line, composed of persons of all ages able to do
service who volunteered Her right to keep these
troops has never been questioned by the Confed
erate Government, nor indeed can it be.
That portion of the militia organization not com
posed of Confederate exempts are generally of the
most useful class of agriculturalists, whose servi
ces at home during the more critical period of the
crop, are indespensably necessary to the produc
tion of supplies.,. Whenever these men can be
spared from homedhey should be kept in service,
if the emergency require it. But they should not
be turned over to unlimited Confederate control to
be carried away from the State permauetly, to the
ruin of her material and productive interests. So
long as they faithfully discharge their duty when
called out, the State should keep them, giving
them furloughs at such times as are necessary to
secure their crops, if it can possibly be done. All
who are absent without leave, when ordered out
by tlie State, should be turned over to Confeder
ate service for the war without regard to rank or
age. This would stimulate them to prompt obe
dience to orders when called. The chief difficulty theft, lawlessness and villany, where those store
in the way of granting furloughs tor limited pen-! hardened in crime act as teachers of those who
ods when the troops could be spared, grows out or j are y0ljftger of ]oss expe riense. Honest men
*89.
General Y/ayne will be
laid before the Military Committee of tho two
Houses upon application. . -
MiHitu ry Appropriation.
I beg. leave again most respectfully to invite
the attention of the General Assembly to that
part of my late annual message, which relates to
tlie military appropriation. The snm appropria
ted will he wholly inadequate. If it is not increas
ed, I shall he under the unpleasant necessity, so
soon as it is exhausted, which will be in a short
time, of again convening you to supply the defi
ciency. We cannot conduct the operations of war
without money. *
Impressments.
I beg leave to call the attention of the Legisla-
tuijqto the necessity for the passage of a law au
thorizing' r.iie impressment of provisions in the
hands of persotis under bonds to the Confederate
Government, or others who refuse to sell their sur-
1 "° of "-“ f value for the use of indigent sol-
md of persons who are left desti
nes of the enemy, or of our own
eocive aid from the State, under
imeted for that purpose. The cas-
e where it would be necessary to
niciit; if the people were.left free
. j in ;he ma&et; but they are
i £ o by'the Confederate Govern
ment, • led to give bond to sell
.. ....... • r’-sreuts at schedule pric*--*.
which are far below market value These persons
would giadiy sell to fctate or county agents, but
they are threatened v. itii a revocation of their de
tails, and with immediate compulsion to enter ser
vice if they do so. The State should never sub
mit to be driven out of her own markets and de
nied the privilege of purchasing from her own cit
izens by the act of any other government or pow
er. I therefere recommend tlie passage of a law
authorizing the Justices of the Inferior Court of
each county, with consent ot order of the Govern
or, to impress provisions in their respective coun
ties, for soldiers’ families and indigent refugees,
when from the cause above mentioned, it may be
necessary to enable them to procure the supplies
required for that purpose; and also authorizing
tho Quartermaster General and Commissary Gen
eral of the .State to make similar impressments,
with the like order, for their respective depart
ments.
The act should provide, in case of §u ’h impress
ment, for a fair valuation of the property impress
ed, and for payment of market ,value as just
compensation to tiie owner. Without the passage
of this act, it will be impossible for the State and
county agents, within the limits of the State, to
purchase the supplies which are indispensable.
The appropriation of money will avail nothing
if the Confederate agents can lock the cribs and
smoke-houses of the people of the State against
her purchasing agents. I have been unable un
der the late appropriation, to supply the demands
of those in .great distress, for want of this law.—
If it is not passed, a great deal of suffering will
be the inevitable result.
Wo can never agaui
and make the institution
•s or to them, after tens of
have boen taught the use oF
■ he iadMcxit indulgcncie*
profitable to our
thousands of th
aims, a; 4 :
of cam,- /.:c.
It the General Assembly should adopt my re
commendation by tho call of a Convention, I
would suggest that this too would be a subject de
serving its serious consideration and decided ac
tion.
It can never be admitted by the State that th®
Confederate Government has any power, directly
or indirectly, to abolish slavery. The provision
in the Constitution which,.by implication, author
izes the ConTederate Government, to take private
property for public use only, authorizes the use of
the property during the existence of the emergen
cy "whichjustifies the taking. To illustrate: In
time of war it may be necessary for the Govern
ment to take from a citizen a busiuess house to
hold eommissary stores, Thb it may do (if a suit
able one cannot be had by contract) ou payment
to the owner of just compensation for ibe use of
the house. But this taking cannot change the ti
tle of the land, and vest it in tho Government.
Whenever the emergency has passed, the Govern
ment enn no longer legally hold the house, but is
bound to return it to the owner. 3o the Govern
ment may impiees slaves to do tho labor of ser
vants, as to fortify a city, if it cannot obtain them
by contract, and it is bound to pay tho owner just
hire for the tima it uses them. But the impress
ment can vest no title to the slave in the Govern
ment for a longer period than the emergency re-
qnJLre^ thedakpr.. It has not the shadow of right
to iaquraas and pny Fir a abaye ’to set him —
Tho moment it ceases to need his labor the nse re
verts to the owner who lias the title. If we admit
the right of the Government to impress and pay
for slaves to freo them we concede its power to
abolish slavery, and change our domestic institu
tions at its pleasure, and to tax uc to raise the
money for that purpose. I am not aware of the
advocacy of such a monstrous doctrine in the old
Congress by any one of the rational class of abo
litionists. It certainly never found an advocate
iu any Southern statesman.
No slave can be liberated by the Confederate
Government without the consent of the States. No
such consent can ever be given by this State with
out a previous alteration of her Constitution. And
no such alteration can be made without a conven
tion of her people.
Our Present and Prospective Condition.
As I feel that I should act the part of an unfaith
ful sentinel upon the watch.tower if I should flat
ter the country with delusive hopes, candor com
pels me to say, that all is not well. That the peo*
pie may be aroused to the necessary effort to avert
calamity, it is important that they should know
and appreciate their true condition. I tell them,
therefore, that the whole body politic is diseased, and
unless active remedies are administered .speedily,
that dissolution and ddhth must be the inevitable
result. . *
Our constitution li*s been violated and trampled
under foot, and the rights and sovereignty of the
Stfties, which had been disregarded by the Gov
ernment of the United States, which formed with
slavery the very foundation of the movement that
brought into being the Confederate Government,
have been prostrated and almost destroyed by the
of this Institution by fire, it ! Confederate Congressional encroachment and ex-
• Penitentiary.
destroyed the workshops,
The enemy hat
cells, building, &c
will cost a very heavy appropriation, probably
one million of dollars, in currency, to rebuild it.
From seven years close observation, I am satisfied
tlie Institution dffos not serve the objects for which
it was treated. It does not seem to be. as its name
imports, a place of penitence; it is certainly not a
place of reformation, but is rather a school for
ry age. This correction was passed in silence by
many who had given publicity to the groundless
charge, which was intended to be injurious to the
Governor of the State, to the petsons exempted
by her laws, and to the character of her people. I
am satisfied, however, that impartial history Will
do justice to the government and people of G«or-
gia, as well as to the conduct and motives of her
assailants, who have stripped her of her strength
and left her to the ravages of her .foreign enemies.
Militia.
Experience has shown the necessity for amend
ments in our militia laws. The law should be so
changed as to provide for a separate organization
of the old men over fifty years of age under offi
cers of their own number to be elected by them.
All civil officers of the several counties now ex
empt from service should be made subject to mi
litia duty in these organizations.
When organized, the Reserve Militia of this
class, Bhould be required to do all necesfary police
duty in their several counties, and to arrest and
turn over to the proper authorities, all deserters
from State or Confederate service, and all persons
subject to State service, who do not immediately
report for duty, when required by General Orders.
On failure to discharge this duty faithfully and
efficiently, the Governor should be authorized to
order them into the field for active duty in place of
those permitted by them to remain at home, who
owe active service.
As the detail of the men over fifty years ot age
for this service at home, who u^re called out prior
to the organization of part of fne brigade* now in
the fact that they often fail to respond promptly
at the end of the time allowed them.
On the 30th of August last, when the militia un
der the command of Major General G. W. Smith,
were in the trenches around Atlanta, a very short
time before the fall of the city, the President made
a requisition upon me for them with all others that
I might be able to organize.' At the time the req
uisition was made these troops had been for
months in active service witirthe Army of Ten
nessee, under the command of the General who
controlled it. They had participated in several
engagements—had acted with distinguished gal
lantry ; and had been about forty days almost
constantly under fire around tho city. Rations
were issued to them by order of the Confederate
General in command—and he had promised that
they should be paid as other troops iu the Confed
erate service.
These troops were composed mostly of boys be
tween sixteen and seventeen and old men between
fifty and fifty-five years of age, who are not sub
ject to service by the laws of Congress, in the ar
my of the Confederacy. No law of Congress
makes them in any way subject to the President’s
control. The statute of the State declares posi
tively that they shall not be subject to any draft
or compulsory process to fill any requisition made
by the President of the Confederate States upon
the Governor of the State. They were the last re
serve force oTthe State able to do service. If they
were turned over to Confederate control with no
power on the part of the State to recall them, she
would be left without any adequate force for the
execution or her own laws.
’ The State had much more than filled every req
uisition made upon her in common with other
States for troops. No call was made at the time
upon tlie other States for troops of this class ;
nor had the other States ordered out and placed
in service their militia of these ages.
It was quite clear that the requisition was not
made foi* the purpose of getting the militia into
service, fur they were there at the time under the
command of General Hood. Looking at all these
facts I could not doubt that the President had
other motives in making the call—and that tlie
main object was to get them out of the control of
the State, subject to his command, and to disband
the State organizations; and enable him to ap
point the General and Field Officers to command
them. This was the more evident from the fact
that he required all within General Hood’s depart
ment to report to him in Atlanta, and all within
the department of South Carolina and Georgra to
report to the commandant of that department,
whose headquarters were theti at Charleston. The
line dividing these two departments cuts in two
not only General Smith’s Division, but three out
of the four Brigades and a large proportion of the
Regiments. If the requisition had been obeyed
the organization would have been distomded, and
a large proportion of the militia, who* were then
under the lire of the enemy, defending Atlanta,
would have been ordered off to report to General
Jones at Charleston, when no enemy was pressing
us upon the coast.
Under these circumstances I felt it my duty to
refuse to fill a requisition made by the President,
without authority of Jaw, foraeiass®of troops
which I could not turn over upon his requisition
W'ithout a violation of a positive statute of the
State, who were in service, acting gallantly at the
time, nnder officers of distinguished merit, with a
thorough organization, which must have been dis
banded by my compliance with the President’s
demand, and the troops scattered at a most critical
period in the defence of Atlanta.
I earnestly request the General-Assembly to
say, by resolution, whether my conduct in refus
ing to turn over the reserve militia, organized by
the State for her own defence, is approved, or
whether it shall yet be done, and the State stripp-,
ed of her last strength, and left without a man to
aid in the execution of her laws, and to strike a
blow inkier defence when Confederate aid is with
drawn, and the enemy devastating her fields,
towns and cities.
The Georgia Military Institute.
The number of cadets in this institution has been
considerably increased.
Upon the advance oi Sherman’s army tlie bat
talion of cadets was orldered into afctive service.
At the Oconee bridge and other places where they
met the enemy they acted with distinguished gal
lantry. The State has much reason to be proud of
this.gallant young corps.
I must not omit to mention with my witoniest
approbation the conduct of the State Scouts un
der Captain Talbot, who has shown himself to be
a gellant fearless leader.
Pruden’s Artillery and the other troops of Major
Caper’s battalion, are also entitled to honorable
notice. This who\e battalion undfti its chivalrous
experience
who. in (lie heat of passion, commit a crime which
consigns them, under our present laws, to this
den ot thieves, generally come out corrupted and
contaminated.
In view of the above facts, I recommend that
the Penitentiary be abolished as soon as it can le
gally be done, and that oth< r modes of punish
ment, such as hanging, whipping, branding, Ac.,
be suBstilolelTT Ihb’ ndtifh Carofina cod*?; it is
believed, would furnish a safe guide for our lega
tion on this subject. I know of no State in which
the criminal laws are more laithfully executed, or
in. which less crime is committed.
n—pnq-cordance with the request of the General As-
semDilPbefore your late adjournment, I offered par
don to all the convicts who were not of the worst
class, who would volunteiU’ to enter the military
service, making the pardon conditional on the
faithful discharge of their duties as soldiers.—
This was accepted by nearly all to-whom it was
tendered. Tlmy organized into a company and did
good service at the Oconee River, where they met
tiie enemy and acted gallantly. I_regret to learn,
however, that over half of them have since de
serted. These will be subject to serve out their time
when they can b« arrested. There are also sever
al life convicts now within the walls; to keep
these and such as may be hereafter sentenced for
crime committed before tho change of the mode of
punishment, it will be necessary to rebuild so far
as to provide accommodations and work shops for
the limited number. One hundred thousand dol
lars in currency may be sufficient to do this.
In this connection I will further remark that the
exigencies of tiie times, in my opinion, require
such amendments in tlie penal code as will make
Death the punishment of robbery, burglary, and
horse stealing. To prevent our people from tak
ing the execution of the law into their own hands,
I recommend that the law- be so changed as to au
thorize the Judges of the Superior Courts to call
extra sessions of their respective courts, whenever
it is. in their opinion, necessary for the speedy
trial ot offenders. As many of the jails are inse
cure, and as robber bands rescue their companions
in crime, the present provisions for the trial of
criminals are too tardy for the vindication of pub
lic justice. Whipping should be the punishment
inflicted upon these v'ho are convicted of illegal
tratic with slaves.
Arming the Slaves.
The administration, by its, unfortunate policy-
having wasted our strength and reduced our ar,.
mies, and being unable, to get freemen into the
field as conscripts, and unwilling to accept them
in organizations wifh officers of their own choice,
will, it is believed, soon resort to the policy of fil
ling them up by the conscription ol^slave.
1 am-satisfied that we may profitable us^lave
labor, so far as it can be spared from agriculture,
to do menial service in connection with the army,
and thereby enable more free white men to take
up arms; but I am quite sure any attempt to arm
the slaves will be a great error. If we expect to
continue the war succe-isfully, we are obliged to
have the labor of most of them in the production of
provisions.
But if this difficulty were surmounted, wc can
not rely upon them as soldiers.. They are now
quietly serving us at home, because they do not
wish to go into tiie army, und they fear, if they
leavens, the enemy will put them there. If we
compel them to take up arms, their whole feeling
and conduct' will change, and they will leave us
by thousands. A single proclamation by Presi
dent Lincoln—that all who will desert U3 after
they are forced into service, and go over to him,
shall have their freedom, be taken out of the army,
and permitted to go into the country in his pos
session, arid receive wages for their labor—would
disband them by brigades. Whatever may be our
opinion of their normal condition or their true in
terest, we can not expect them, if they remain
with us, to perform deeds of heroic .valor, when
they are lighting t.o continue the enslavement of
their wives and children. It is not reasonable for
us to demand it of them, and we have little cause
to expect the blessings of Heaven upon our efforts,
if we compel them to perform such a task.
If we are right, and providence designed them
for slavery, He did not intend that they should
be a military people. Whenever we establish the
fact that they are a military race, we destroy our
whole theory that they are unfit to be free. _
But it is said wc shgakl giye them their free
dom in case of their fidelity to our cause in the field;
in other words, that we should give up slavery,
as well as our personal liberty and State sovereign*
ty, tor independence, and should set all our slaves
free if they will aid us to achieve it. If we are
ready to give up slavery, I am satisfied we can
make it the consideration for a better trade than to
fjivc it for tliG uncertain aitl wIiiqIi they inigiit a*-
ford us iu the military field- When we arm the
utive usurpation.
The resolutions of the General Assembly of this
State protesting against these usurpations and
abases have been unheeded and lajd aside without
even the courtesy of a reply.
Direct taxes of enormous burden have been lev
ied by CongresS, without the census of enumera
tion imperjtively required by tlie constitution,
which operate upon the people of this and other
Stated; hut have no operation upon the people of
Missouri or Kentucky, who are represented equal
ly with Georgia in the Congress by which they ar©
imposed.
Much of our most objectionable legislation is fast
ened upon ufi by the votes of representatives, who,
however patriotic and true to our eaustt, set with
out responsibility to any constituency out ol tbo
army, who can be effected thereby, and who can
neither YizzA with > ifity nor show themselves pub
licly among the people whom they profess to repre-
ent, a majority of whom have given the strongest
evidences of sympathy and support to the Govern
ment of the United States, and have been constant
ly represented in tiie Congress of those States.
Impressments of private property for public use,
which are often necessary and proper, have been
carried to an extent which is tyrannical and op
pressive in the extreme. Instead of purchase as
the rule and impressment the exception, the whole
property of our people is placed under the control
of impressment agents who refuse to pay “just
compensation,” as required by the constitution,
or even half the market value, and who pay iu
certificates which the government refuses to re
ceive in payment of pabiie dues.
By a pretended conscription not authorized by
the constitution, government has placed our
agriculturalists under ne.SYV bonds to sell it at the
impressment prices fixed by Its agents and denies
to them the privilege to sell the fruits of their labor
in open market, or to exchange them for other
commodities which are necessary to the support
of themselves and their families.
Tke Government disregards that provision of
the Constitution which prohibits Congress from
making any appropriation oi" money lor a linger
term than two years to support the armies of the
Confederacy and as a means of perpetuating the
war beyond the period of the existence of the pres
ent Congress, without the assent of the people in
the next elections, it proposes to pledge the tithe
of the more valuable annual productions of the ag
ricultural class of our people, who are selected for
the burden, for years to come for that purpose, and
to continue the pledge of the incomes of this par
ticular class after the termination of the war for
the payment of the Treasury notes issued for the
support of the armies during its existence. Few of
this class ihake more than a tithe as net profits.
In the estimate of the S creiary of the Treasury
in which he sets down tbe incomes of this class as
about fifty per. cent, he fails to allow any credit
for tbe vast expense of production. He estimates
gros3 and not net income and in this way shows
tlie incomes of the planter to be much greater than
those of the banker or money Holder, whose inter
ests and dividends cost none of tiie labor and ex
pense of productions incurred by the planter.
Citizens who belong neither to the land nor na
val forces of the government, or to fhe militia in
actual service, are arrested by provost guards and
Government detectives, nnder charges of treason or
other indictabie offences, or disloyalty, without
warnin': or other process from the courts, and Im
prisoned at the pleasure ei’ the government in open
disregard of the constitution which dc lares that
no such person sliali be held to answer for a capital
or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a present
ment or indictment of agrand jury, nor deprived
of life, liberty or property,-without due process of
law, and that no warrants shall issue but upon
probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation,
particularly describing tlie persons or^hn gs to be
Sei Good and loyal citizens, who travel on railroads
or steamboats or through towns or cities, upon law
ful business, are arrested if they fail to carry pass
es, while federal spies procure or forge passes, and
travel over our throughfares at their pleasure.
In many parts of the Confederacy, not in posses
sion of the enemy, the government has ceased to
protect either life or property, and its own soldiers,
who have left the front without discipline or con
trol, often, united with others professing to be in
service and wearing the dress of the soldier, pass-
ing over the country in numerous bands, robbing
our citizens and destroying their property.
While the old men and boys ofthiS State, leav
ing important home interests to suffer, have been
obliged to take up arms to resist the enemy, thou
sands of young able-bodied men of this and other
States, between eighteen and forty-five, years of
ase are.protected by. Confederate authority, on ac
count of the wealth or oflier influence, from service
Ju tiie field, and under pretext of some nominal em-
jfloyment for the government, are allowed to re
main out of the reach of danger, and devote most
of their time to their speculations or other individ- m
ual pursuits. . . .
Our financial affairs have been so unfortunately
administered that our currency is worth very little
in the market; and onr public faith Iras been so
frequently and wilfully violated that it w.U be
with -rent difficulty that WO C^HJfe-vu^nre our peo.