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From the Pittsburg Advocate: * an hour in a powder mill. The Pittsburg Powder Mills are situated on the North bank of the Monongahela, about two and a half miles from the city. For the purpose ot lessening the disasters attending explosion, the building cover a large extent of ground, and each of the ma ny processes to which the material is subject before it is turned in the form with which tho world is but too familiar, is performed in a seperate building. These buildings are of stone, and are connected together by a railway. But to begin at the beginning. Good gunpowder, such as Mr. Watson makes, re quires good charcoal; young and sound wood is required, the water maple being the most desirable. Os these Mr. Watson has large plantations, which yield what wood he requires, besides furnishing a considera ble number of young trees to the citizens for ornamental purposes. There are also on the premises plantations of sycamore for hoop poles, which yield about 5,000 per year per quarter of an acre. From the plantations we went to the steam engine. And here a dread of fire, which habit ha3 made a second nature to the powder-maker, has suggested a number of engenious con trivances to prevent its coming in contact with the “ villainous saltpetre.” The smoke from the fires and the boilers is conveyed under ground some three hun dred feet, and then by a chimney 60 feet high it is carried off, at a supposed safe dis tance. Indirectly the opposite direction the steam is carried a consider able distance under ground to the engine, which is distant from the place where the last processes — which by its aid the powder undergoes some 700 feet. The engine has six boilers at tached to it, each 30 inches in diameter, and 22 feet 8 inches long, and consumes about 45 bushels of coal per day. The wood is converted into charcoal by being burned in large cast iron retorts, and the gas that is evolved is conveyed by pipes into the fire under the retort by which one third of the fuel which would otherwise be necessary is saved. The pyroligneous acid which the wood contains, and which this process evolves, it is the purpose of Mr. Watson to distil into vinegar, as soon as his arrangements for that purpose can be ef fected. We followed the charcoal into the “ com pounding house.” Here after having been crushed between rollers, it is placed in a large hollow cast iron globe, in which are a considerable number of small brass balls; these globes are made to revolve rapidly, which speedily reduces it to an inpalpable powder. It is then put with the other in gredients, in the proportion of 15 of char coal, 10 of sulphur, and 75 of nitre, into a “ mixing barrel,” which is made to revolve 36 times per minute. From the mixing barrel it is taken to the “ mill-house,” where 4 large rollers of cast iron, weighing 250 lbs. each, of the shape of mill-stones, placed on end chase each other round a cast iron circle weighing 70,000 lbs. Under these rollers it is crushed for about five hours, and then it is taken to the “press room.” In the press-room it is put in layers between cloths and boards alternately, and subjected to the immense pressure of a hy draulic press. This is done to condense the powder into a solid substance. The cakes or slabs are then taken to another building end passed through a pair of coarsely groov ed rollers, which break it into small lumps. This is the first process of “ graining.” These lumps are then placed on shelves in a toom heated by steam for the purpose of being partially dried, when they are again passed through various rollers, until the de sired “ grain” is obtained. From the rol lers the gunpowder, as it may now he term ed, passes through a hopper in a revolving wire cylinder, the different degrees of fine ness in the length of which, screen into as ma ny kinds of powder; the finest, which is mere dust, is taken back to be re-worked. The remainder is placed in barrels, about 250 lbs. in each, which are made rapidly to revolve for the purpose of “ glazing” it. But one operation now remains, and that is the final drying, which is effected in the manner which we have before described. Tt is then taken to the packing-house, and from proof bogding at a long distance from the rest of the works. Fable. —A grave and solemn owl, one day meeting a merry, laughing l>ob-lincoln, took him veTy severely to task for his levi ty- ‘You are letting yourself down in the 6cale of being—you may perhaps catch the ear of the trilling and vulgar, but the wise and thinking are disgusted with you. I nev er laugh or speak lightly, and am looked up to, in consequence, as the philosopher of birds.’ At that instant the owl was shot from his Eerch by a farmer, whose hen roost had een for along time subject to the nightly depredations of the philosophers. ‘There,’ quoth the farmer, ‘you have caught it at last, you goggle eyed, screech ing, good for nothing, thieveing rascal.’ ‘Tink, tink, link,’ said Bob, in great a larm. ‘Ab, you there, my happy, merry, little friend, 1 would not hurt a feather on your back. I love thy sweet notes —they teach roe with iny lot to be happy and content.’ Government.— ln the old world, govern ment is viewed as something sacred—some thing that the citizen must live for, be taxed for, fight for, and, if need be, die for. It is something that dispenses titles, instead of justice—armorial bearings, instead of pro tecting rights—pensions and privileges in stead of securing to nil the fruit of their own earnings. It is something that rules. Here, government is an agency. It is part and parcel of the people. It has no paternal office to take core of subjects ; it is itself the child which tho people are to watch with ceaseless vigilance. It is but an agency of the citizen. It is bound to pro tect every one in person and property. It confers uo rights—but only preserves what already exists. Those who, for the time being, exercise its powers, should never grant privileges, or injure one man for tho whole, unless absolutely necessary for the public good, and then make ample repara tion. It is something that is ruled. ADVERTISING. It is not for the purpose of advertising our own trade that we now and then touch upon a subject which by this time should be fully understood by all who are striving in mercantile pursuits, but because it is a mat ter so vitally important among all classes, that it forms proper material for comment at almost any period. There are numbers still, good and shrewd business people though they be, who are not fully awako of the im mense influence of advertising upon trade. In fact, as commercial operations are now organized, a man is considered simple, in capable and unworthy of business, who neglects the all-commanding lever, the force of which alone is sufficient to produce an activity where otherwise stagnation would be almost inevitable. In our walks through town we cannot refrain from the obseivation that many ex cellent and worthy men, struggling honor ably for the maintenance of their families, either through a blindfold economy, ordefect in their commercial organization, absolutely neglect this great engine of success in trade. Now, such persons must not be guilty of the littleness of misconstruing us. We are frankly alluding to a subject that every shop keeper, high or low, big or little should have constantly under his near contemplation, We have business enough. We speak of advertising because it is a point of most prominent importance to eve rybody, and by awakening the attention of everyone who has been heretofore negli gent, we so fur achieve our constant aim of being useful as well as agreeable to our rea ders. Hyper-susceptible persons are also quite common, who shrink from advertising, because they see some bold faced people of hollow pretentions (but with shrewdness to perceive and appreciate the real road of trade) using the same means. Why, such delicate susceptibilities might as well dis claim doing business in the same street, or in the same town, with a charlatan in trade. A newspaper may aptly enough be liked to a public thoroughfare, and the card of the man of business is the sign upon his door. If an empty enterprising fellow comes into the same neighborhood, snapping up busi ness by dashing exteriors, it but proves still further the indispensable utility of the ad vertising system. If one man obtains more business than a far worthier individual, simply through the means of newspapers and handbills, is it not quite apparent that the best may obtain his proper attitude in public estimation by the same means ? We live in busy, practical times, and the crowd is too much occupied to go hunting after worth that is too modest to show itself. A man that ’wants to buy any thing takes up a newspaper, and the merchant who is the most prominent there is the one who will be sought for. An old business friend and fiat ron of ours told us yesterday that in his safe and successful ca reer of nineteen years in New Orleans, he has always been in the habit of marking a corresponding increase of trade with the annual swell of his piintmg expenses, and his saying so instigated us to these remarks. — Picayune. INTEMPERANCE—ITS MISERIES. Tlie following grupiiiu delineation of the miseries and baleful effects of this but too prevalent vice, is taken from it memorial of citizens of Portage County, Ohio, to the Legislature, ou the'subject, and is well worthy tho cnlm and dispassionate reflection of every votary of Bacchus, liowtvir seldom he may enter the portals of his temples. And yet its march of ruin is onward still. It reaches abroad to others—invades the family and social circles, and spreads wee and sorrow all around. It cuts down youth in its vigor—manhood in its strength, and age in its weakness. It breaks the fathei’s heart —bereaves the dealing mother—extinguishes natural affection —erases conjugal lore—and blots out filial attachment: blights parental hope—and brings down mourning age in sor row to the grave. It produces weakness, not strength; sickness, not health; death, not life. It makes wives widows—children orphans— fathers fiends—and all of them paupers and beggars. It hails fevers—feeds rheumatisms —nurses gout —welcomes epidemic—invites cholera—imparts pestilence, and embraces consumptions. It covers the land with idle ness, poverty, disease and crime. It fills your jails—supplies your alms houses—and demands asylums. It engenders controver sies—fosters quarrels—and cherishes riots. It contemns law—spurns order—and loves mobs. It crowds your penitentiaries—and furnishes the victims for your scaffolds, it is the life-blood of a gambler—the aliment of a counterfeiter—the prop of the highway man, and the support of the midnight incen diary. It countenances .the liar—respects the thief—and esteems the blasphemer. It violates obligation—reverences fraud—and honors infamy. It defames benevolence— hates love—scorns virtue—and slanders in nocence. It incites the father to butcher his offspring—helps the husband to massacre his wife—and aids the child to grind his par ridical axe. It burns tip man—consumes woman—detests life—curses God and des pises Heaven. ft suborns witnesses—nurses perjury— defiles the jury box—and stains the judicial ermine. It bribes votes, disqualifies voters corrupts elections—pollutes our institutions —and endangers our government. It de grades the citizen—debases the legislator— dishonors tho statesman—and disarms the patriot, ft brings shame, not honor; terror, not safely ; despair, not hope; misery, not happiness. And now, ns with the malevo lence of a fiend, it calmly survives its fright ful desolations, ano insatiate with havoc, it poisons felicity—kills peace—ruins morals— blights confidence—slays reputation--and wipes out national honor, then curst's the world and laughs at its ruin.” (£/’* The earliest specimen’ of Greek printing is Lactantius, printed in Italy in 1465. Hebrew was printed in 1477. Ara bic and Chaldaic, not until 1616. Samari tan, Syriac and Coptic, not until 1636. ft?* The Boston Times establishment is offered for sale. Price SIB,OOO REPUBLICAN BLUES. This spirited and time-honpred corps has recently been presented with® Standard by the ladies of Savannah. Tie “Blues,” if we mistake not, was formed fluring the war of ISI4, and has ever since maintained an enviable position among the esprit du corps of the State. We do not recollect all the names of the several gentlemen who have commanded the “Blues” since its organiza tion : in fact, with the exception of the Hon. Alfred Cuthbert, Hon. John C. Nicoll, Ro bert W. Pooler, Esq., and John W. Ander son, Esq., we do not now remember how many different gentlemen have shared that honor. The last named gentleman holds the “Commission,” and the entire confidence and esteem of the corps* at present —and he is justly entitled to it. We regret that our limits will not permit of our giving a full description of the Stan dard, as furnished by the Savannah Repub lican, of the 2Sth ultimo. That paper sayst “We had heard much of this beautiful banner, but it eclipses all that we had ever conceived of it, and is without any doubt, beyond all comparison, the most purless and superb thing of its kind in the United States, and certainly one of the most magnificent ever seen any where, when the chaste ele gance of design, the costliness of the mate rials, and the inimitable skill displayed in the workmanship are considered. We were occupied an hour in studying its details, for they cannot be comprehended and appreci ated by a cursory glance. “The standard is a most truthful imitation of the design which was furnished by the chaste pencil of Gen. Charles R. Floyd. Some idea of its richness and gorgeousness may be formed when, we inform our readers that the whole fabric is composed of cloth of gold and silver, and with letters of gold ami silver bullion, and an embroidery wrought in chenille and flos silk of mazarine blue.” The “ presentation,” which took place on the 2d instant, was an occasion of deep and exciting interest. The number of specta tors was immense, and the day remarkably fine. The Standard was presented, in be half of the ladies, by Judge Nicoll, in a beautiful and feeling speech. Ensign Bar tow received the flag, and replied for the Blues. We consider the Ensign’s reply the handsomest thing of the kind we have ever read. We give it entire, as published in the Georgian, together with the closing charge of the Judge : Ensign- —The Spartan mother deliver ing his shield to her son departing from the army, nobly gave him the mandate, “ with it or upon it.” Iti committing this standard to your hands, I charge you in the name of its loved donors, that whenever you return from the battle-field you be “ with it or within it.” Ensign Bartow on receiving the Stan dard, replied as follows : Sir —lt becomes my proud duty, in be half of this band of citizen soldiers, to re ceive this gorgeous banner, the patriotic of fering of these noble ladies, of whom you are the honored representttive. You have offered this gift in the holy names of moth er, wife and sister. We receive this hal lowed token of affection with the heart’s fondest and most devoted homage. We shall turn it in the day3 of peace to relume .the embers of fading patriotism, and, in the hour of danger and of battle, we shall catch inspired courage from its folds, bearing the blessing and the prayers of those who are linked to our souls by the strongest and purest ties which bind man to life. The cunning work of the fairy finger has traced upon this silken sheet the images of glory which surround the cloud-riding eagle of our young Republic; and there, too, we behold the emblazoned escutcheon of the land of our birth, wreathed by that native noblest flower which scents the breeze, un sullied, in the pride of its virgin beauty, like the pure maiden of our sunny home. We are thus reminded that our Confederated Union calls upon us to guard the laurels which deck the brow of Freedom, and that our State commits to our vigilance her al tars and her fire-sides* and the sweet chari ties and sympathies of home. We receive the double instruction—we will remember “the double charge. Proud eagle of my country! when thy warscream shall be borne upon the tempest blast, waking the echoes, from crag to crag, of Freedom’s battle call, this banner, which thy dauntless spirit guards, shall float tri umphantly, in danger and in victory, by the side of that star-blazing standard thou art wont to herqld on to glory. And, for our own glorious State, how can we ever falter in our devotion to her, and to her honor ? Sir! these emblems shall brighten the burning Jove we bear her, as often as we gaze upon their glowing forms. Her im pregnable arch, resting on eternal truths, shall he guarded by the Republican soldier, as imaged in this radiant mirror, with the stern daring of the warrior and the tender devotion of the lover. The love of country! what is it but the vibrating chord of human sympathy, which breathes in solemn tones from the past, gives out glad harmonies from tho present, and steals along the future in the dying cadence of ethereal hope ? A country without its memories, is but a spot of earth where breathes no soul. You have reminded us of whom we are—you have re called to life tiro hoars of our past—--you have re-animated yonder battle field with the noble champions of our Freedom whose blood our soil has drunk—‘you have pointed us to yonder redoubt where Jasper stormed death in his battlements, and planted, in triumph, the banner of his country. Here, amidst these glowing associations in sight of the very scenes where Freedom was cradled amidst the carnage of her defenders, on this holy ground, with, perchance, the bright spirits of these noble sires hovering near us, surrounded by the best and loveliest of our laud mingling the enchantments of the present with the solemn vision of the past, it is right that the fair daughters of Georgia should animate the love and devotion of her sons. For my brothers and compatriots, and with them, I here solemnly swear that this banner shall be as stainless from disho nor as the virgin heart of her wlioste showy fingers have traced the lines of beauty along its azure folds. I swear that it shall never be flung to the breeze of battle save at the call of Country or of Freedom ; arid when unfurled in that holy cause, never shall it seek the repose of peace until the pollution of the foe shall be washed from our soil. I swear that, while a single heart pulsates beneath this unsullied uniform, this banner sh all never want an arm to bear it in the front of the battle ; and sweet shall be the death on whose dark pathway shall beam, from this bright flag, the light of love and the halloVved blessings of vVoman. “ And if ever the flame on our altars shall pale, Let thy folds but be seen, and the soldier shall start To re-kind!e the fire as he sees on the gale tlnfaded and pet rlcss—the flag of his heart.” Sir, hear to those noble ladies whose ho nored messenger you are, the tribute of de votion from an hundred hearts. In the hal cyon days of peace we will strive to deserve the priceless smiles and bright approving glances now beaming upon us from the ra diant eyes of beauty. When crimson-eyed war shall throw his lurid glare upon our land, We will go forth under this their ban ner, and if needs be we will die sweetly, remembering her whose smiles shall bright en the last look of life. Blues! receive this banner into your ranks—protect it if need be with yourlives! shed in its defence the last drop of your heart’s best blood! You have heard the solemn vow I have made in your behalf. I have made it in the sincerity and earnestness of a brother—are we not brothers 1 and is there a man among you whose heart does not leap to his lips in response to the pledge I have uttered in your name 1 The fairy forms who traced upon this standard the emanations of their own efful gent beauty, shall one day brighten into more celestial shapes. This gorgeous ban ner shall fade and wither beneath the touch of time’s effacing fingers, but let the Blues transmit from sire to son the proud tribute of this day, kindling at the rememberance in all times the virtues of the citizen and the death-braving valor of the soldier. Corporal! Toydu the special guardian of this our proudest trophy, I commit iti Should you be the bearer of it when our country shall command it to be unfurled in her service, let it beam star-like on the path to glory. Onward be your cry ! He who finds death beneath this banner, than his, the dead has no more gorgeous winding sheet—wealth has no prouder graves Antiquity of Auctions. —Most of the usages of life, social, commercial, and martial may be tracted to the remotest antiquity. Wlio would suppose that a sale by auction, and the m 2 flag which marks the place of vendue, could, by the widest stretch of fancy, be as simulated with the Roman General, wield ing his baton or truncheon, the symbol in all ages of military command. And yet they are the same, as far as their functions, witli regard to sales, are concerned. The sys tem of sale by Auction originated with the Romans, who sold their spoils in war under a spear fixed in front of the General’s tent. The spear was decorated with a crimson flag, indicating the tent of the supreme com mander. Childhood is like a mirror, catching and reflecting images from all around it. Re member that an impious or profane thought, muttered by a parent’s lips, may operate upon the young heart like a ceaseless spray of water thrown upon the polished steel, staining it with rust which no after scouring can efface. RHODE ISLAND. The real Legislature of this State was in session up to the 6th instant—quietly in the discharge of its duties. Appointments for the civil commissions of the state, have been made, and such military appointments as were necessary. A preamble and resolutions, making a re quisition upon the President of the United States for his interposition to suppress the insurrection, were adopted. Mr. George Niles, a member of the Don- Legislature, has resigned his seat —wishing to do no more in the treasonable line just at present, On Thursday, Dutec J. Pearce was ar rested on a warrant issued by Chief Justice Durfee, on a charge of treason against the state. He was held to bail with two sure ties in the sum SSOOO each. Sanford Bell and Nichols Hazard were his bondsmen. The same men were bail to the same amount in the case of Daniel Brown. A warrant was issued on the same day against Joseph Joslin, the General Trea surer under the pretended constitution. He had not been arrested when the boat left. It was supposed that the others would be arrested in Newport in the course of yester day. A warrant was issued on the same day against Thomas W. Dorr, on a complaint of treason against the State. A warrant was also issued against Jeremiah Shelton, of Gloucester. Neither had been arrested when the Journal of yesterday went to press. The Chronicle of last evening announces the arrest of Barrington Anthony, Mr. Door’s Sheriff under the pretended consti tution. A sketch of the examination before Justice Bowen is given. He was ordered to be committed ; hut was admitted to bail in sureties of four thousand dollars. On his release be was escorted to his home by a corps of Dorr’s sans culloltes. Dorr himself had not been arrested when the mail closed yesterday ; but it was sup posed he would be in the course of the af ternoon. It was bruited that he had deter mined not to give bail, but to victimise him self by going to prison. He will then doubt less feel the great privilege that “every man’s house is his castle.” All was quiet. The veteran Colonel Blod gett is in charge of the state arsenal, with a small force. The revolutionists will not make an assault there while Colonel Blod gett commands. Yet the insurgents continue to grow most lustily. Their organ, the Express, of yes terday, says of the President of the United States — It is not in his province to become an umpire between the contending parties; but should he transcend his constitutional pow ers, and send an armed force into our bor ders to force them to yield their rights at the point of the bayonet, they would find, among the people of a sovereign state resolved to Stand by their rights, “ every plain, a Mara thop, and every defile, a Thermopylae. Think of that, now, and “ quake, quail,” as Fessenden says in “ Terrible Tractora lion.” From the New Orleans Picayune of the 6ih. LATEST FROM TEXAS. The steamship New York, arrived from Galveston last evening. We have letters by her, from our correspondents in Houston and Galveston, and papers to and of the 3d instant. Galveston, May 2, 1842. Messrs. Editors —Commodore Moore ar rived here, with the ship of war, Abstin, and schooners San Antonio and San Bernard. They left Campeachy on Thursday, the 28th ultimo, and the brig Wharton will follow them here in a day or two. The Govern ment of Yucatan have suspended, for a time, the monthly stipend to our navy, for want of funds, the last payment was partly raised by a contribution of the Civil officers of the Government, from their sala ries. Commodore Moore has given that government the highest satisfaction by the services of the Navy. They have now two brigs and two schooners of their own, un der Com. Sarazan, out on a cruize off the Mexican coast. The Congress of Yucatan was convened on the 17th ultimo, and granted extraordi nary powers to the President, on the 19th, in case of invasion. The people of Yucatan are determined to continue the war against Mexico at every hazard. Mr. Lubbock, one of the Santa Fe pri soners, who escaped from Mexico, arrived in the San Antonio. Santa Aha has embodied 35,000 troops, destined for Texas and Yucatan, and pur chased two merchant vessels at Vqra Cruz, for transports. The contract of the Mexican Govern ment for building two iron war steamers, in England, which failed for want of funds, has been renewed, and they are to be com pleted immediately. The church has given Santa Ana all pro perty held by them in mort main, amounting, as is estimated, to $15,000,000, to be ap plied to the prosecution of the war against Texas. He has also made a forced loan of 30,000 doubloonsfrom the priests of Puebla. General Houston and his cabinet are at Houston. The archives of the government are in Austin, and there, the citizens of that place say, they shall stay. The President has proclaimed that per sons acting in the United States as the agents of certain “ committees of vigilance and safety,” and receiving contributions and aids to assist in forwarding and sustaining, with suitable implements, emigrants to Texas, and who represent the preparations in the republic of a warlike character, as the work ‘of such committees, and not originating with the Executive, and who offer commis sions to gentlemen about to emigrate, as they say by the authority of Gen. A. Syd ney Johnston, whom they represent as in command of the army of Texas—are acting without the semblance of authority from him. The President desires that all means hencefonh contributed for the cause of Tex as be placed in the hands of the govern ment agents, and reported to the principal Texian agent at New Orleans, and a dupli cate report to the Secretary of War, at Houston. There are now 1000 men Rt Corpus Christi, and 300 men at Victoria, all under arms and anxious to give battle to the ene my. Volunteer companies are still wending their way to the west, By many, it is thought that the tvar move ments of General Houston are too tardy ; yet, from all appearances, he is firmly bent on carying into execution his designs of in vading Mexico. CC?“Mr. Robert S. Allen of TroupCounty, his nephew, (a lad,) and three negroes were drowned in the Chattahoochee, near Ha thon’s ferry on the 23d ultimo, by the up setting of a canoe in which they were at tempting to cross the river. (Cf* Judge Andrews, at Lincoln Superior Court, last week, in the case of the State vs. Harrisoh White, decided that the law of 1837, against carrying concealed weapons, is unconstitutional, and therefore void. The prisoner was accordingly discharged. (ty 5 * The great match-race between Bos ton and Fashion, for 20,000 aside, “came off” on the Union (N. Y.) Course, on Tuesday last. We shall probably hear the result to morrow. Opr* Adam Waldie, proprietor of “Wal dies Circulating Library,” and the oldest publisher in Pennsylvania, died in Philadel phia, on the Bth ultimo, in the 50th year of his age. tt/** The Banks’ of the city of Baltimore, and State of Maryland, entered upon a gen eral resumption of all their liabilities, on the 2d instant. * (£/“’ In North Carolina twelve thousand persons have subscribed to the pledge of total abstinence from all intoxicating liquors. Small Pox is spreading and prov ing fatal in New Orleans. The London Correspondent of the New York Journal of Commerce says : “The confirmation of the late disastrous affair in India has thrown a gloom over the metropolis, which I assure you it is impossi ble to describe. The only outlet of feeling appears in the revenge, gloated by all, that the massacre of 10,000 British troops must be avenged by giving a hecatomb to each.” LATEST FROM ENGLAND. [ Arrival of the Caledonia. FIFTEEN DAYS LATER FROM EUROPF. Thb Caledonia arrived at Boston on Thurs-’ day, after a passage of 15J days. The news is not very important, but nevertheless pos sessgs interest. Theembcrkations of troops for India, was rppidly progressing. The Columbia had not arrived at Liver pool, but was spoken by the Caledonia tha day she started, abreast of the Skerries, at a. bout 10 in the evening. The Overland Mail from India was hourly expected, ns the arrangements to reduce the time between Suez and Bombay from eigh teen to twelve days, were reported at the last arrival to be nearly completed. We notice the discovery of a serious cm. bezzlement of the funds of the Steaming Company, nnd the subsequent suicide, by poi. son, of one or two individuals concerned in the embezzlement. Madrid papers of the Gth, mention that Mr. Zermun, who was regarded as an agent of Prince Mattcrnich, had received notice tol quit the Spanish capital. The Leipsic journals mention the arrival in that city, from Russia, of a German wh<f has attained the great age of 119 years. One of Lord Ellenborougli’s first acts, as’ Governor General of India, has been to or der the restoration of Bella to the Madras sepoys. Twenty six houses in the village of Trow* ley-Bottom, in Herefordshire, were recently destroyed by fire. They were inhabited by strawplatters for the Dunstable trade. Orders had been issued at the British Royal Foundry for the casting of 2000 cannons of various calibre, intended chiefly for the larger vessels of war. The Lords of the Admiralty have ordered 20 pqsverful fire engines to be constructed for use in the national dockyards. Nine of those engines have been completed and sent to Woolwich to be proved. The Gazette de Guernsey announces tho arrival of Major General Napier, who has succeeded Sir James Douglass as Lieutenant Governor of the island. One of the largest manufacturing houses in the kingdom—that of Joseph Beal & Cos., of Mountermellick, Ireland, has.lately fail ed, throwing about 1,080 persons out of em ployment. Another iarge East India house has failed, that of Forman & Hadow, at London, along established concern. An almost unwonted depression appears to hang over the East In dia trade. The Renfrewshire Bank has stopped pay ment. The liabilities are stated to be £200,- 000, and the assets, chiefly mortgages on ships, at £IOO,OOO. It is not expected, tak ing all circumstances into the account, that the bank will pay 3s. on the pound. The total augmentations of the army for foreign service u ill amount to at least 15,000 men. Lieutenant-General Sir Benjamin D’- Urban goes to India as Commander-in-Chics. The Leipsic Gazette,of the 4th instant, un der date Constantinople, states, that the Brit ish Government had solicited permission from Mehemet Ali to march a body of troops thro’ Egypt to the Isthmus of Suez for the purpose of facilitating their arrival in India. The Pa sha is said to have replied that he could not grant the request without the consent of his master the Sultan. We hear on all hands of reductions in the wages of manufacturing workmen. Yester day, we believe, the hand-loom weavers in tho employ of Messrs. Filden Brothers, of Tod-, morden, had an abatement made of about 20 per cent on their previous earnings. The Iron Steamboat Company had made preparations for prosecuting their business on a most extensive scale, at the chain pier, Chel sea. Contracts were already out for upwards of fifty new boats. Another embezzlement has been detected of the funds of the Manchester and Bolton Railway by a confidential cletk. This is tho second time that this company has suffered in a similar way. The preliminaries had been concluded for a matrimonial alliance between the Duke of Bordeaux and the second daughter of the Em peror Nicholas of Prussia. The distresses in the manufacturing dis tricts of Great Britain still continued, altho’ the demand for labor was, on the whole, some what better than it had been,partially reliev ed by further contributions from the distres sed operatives, Paisley were in the receipt of donations sufficient to save them from actual starvation. Still the amount of suffering was very great, and much greater, probably, than even the British public supposed it could be/ under the circumstances. The troubles in Ireland, arising principally from the scarcity of provisions, the want of employment and disaffection with the govern ment, were every day assuming a rtiore alarm ing aspect. Murders, robberies, and other outrages upon the laws, were of frequent oc currence—all showing a laxity of moral res traint, and a desperate determination not to obey the behests of tory rule. The complaint! was, that the government, amidst all its pro posed measures, did not contemplate doing nnytliing for Ireland, or to lighten the bur dens which weighed down its energies. A large number of houses in the neighbor hood of Doonbeg, county Clare, Ireland, were’ recently carried away by a flood, and several’ men lost their lives in attempting to save some cattle. The assertion recently made by Sir Robert Peel in Parliament, that the temperance re-', formation had not diminished the quantity of ardent spirits imported into Ireland, is stout ly contradicted by the Irish whig papers, and is considered by them as intended to keep* up the old prejudices against the Irish people* LATEST FROM AFGHANISTAN. Extract from a letter from Cawnpore, de ted 16th February : “ We have just received letters from the Commander-in-Chief’s camp, giving Candahar news up to the 12th ultimo. An action had taken place between our troops and the Affghans, in which we were victors, killing 153, and wounding 200 of the enemy. Our loss was only three officers wounded slightly, two privates killed, and 20 wounded. Letters from Gen. Sale have been received up the 80tli ultimb, at which date the troops were in high spirits, having captured 175 bul locks—a great wind-fall for them. But tho most important piece of news (our letter con- , (hot Shah Soojab, who Ims cost us