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THE
lllil l>f published ercry SATURDAY Morning,
In the Tiro-Story Wooden Building, at the
Corner of Walnut and Fifth Street,
IS THE CIT V OK MACOX, GA.
By wu. It. IIAItItISON.
T E It M S :
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sired is not specified, they will be continued un
til forbid and charged accordingly,
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with upon the most favorable terms.
JXSales of Land by Administrators,Executors
or Guardians, are required by Law, to be held on
the first Tuesday in the month, between the hours
i>f ten o’clock in the Forenoon and three in the
Afternoon, at the Court House of the county in
which the Property is situate. Notice of these
Sales must be given in a public gazette Sixty Days
previous to the day of sale.
XJ*3ales of Negroes by Administators, Execu
tors or Guardians, must be at Public Auction, on
the first Tuesday in the month, between the legal
hoursof sale,before the Court House of the county
where the LettersTestainentary.or Administration
or Guardianship may have been granted, first giv
ing notice thereof for Sixty Days, in one of the
public gazettes of this State, and at the door of
the Court House where such sales are to be held.
Hj-Notice for the sale of Personal Property
must be given in like manner Forty Days pre
vious to the day of sale.
Notice to the Debtors and Creditorsoi an es
tate must be published for Forty Days.
(XyNotice that application will be made to the
Court of Ordinary for leave to sell Land or Ne
groes must be published in a public gazette in the
■We for Four Months, before any order absolute
ain be given by the Court.
Xj’Citatious for Letters of Administration on
a» Estate, granted by the Court of Ordinary, must
oe published Thirty Days for Letters of Dismis
mon from the administration ofan Estate,monthly
f ur Sit Months— for Dismission from Guardian
ship Forty Days.
'Tj'Rulcs for the foreclosure of a Mortgage,
must be published monthly for Four Months —
fur establishing lost Papers, for the full space of
Three Months —for compelling Titles from Ex
ecutors, Administrators or others, where a Bond
hasbeen given by the deceased, the full space of
Three Months.
N. B. All Business of this kind shall receive
prompt attention at the .SOL THE /f JV Tit IB UA t.
• Mice, and strictcare will he taken that all legal
Advertisements arc published according to Law.
X7*AII Letters directed to this Office or the
Editor on business, must bo post-paii>, to in
sure attention.
4 3 o l t t t r «i l.
From the Washington Union, 12/A mat.
The Necessity of Action.
Every clay shows more and more the
importance of settling, as soon as possible,
the vaii us subjects which are connected
with die territorial, slavery, aad boundary
questions. The voice of New Mexico
continues to speak with additional em
phasis, in the following extracts from the
tit. Louis Union of the 29th nit. and yet,
iiotwithstading these developements of the
unsettled condition of New Mexico, this
sagacious cabinet is insisting upon the pol
icy of denying any officicut organization
to that Territory, until she acquires popu
lation sufficient to entitle her to admission
as a State, with all the excitement, and
all lint danger, which this agitating subject
is calculated to produce :
Indian muudkrs —Apathy of ourgotern
mc.it.— it is painful to preceive the aplhy
manifested by our government in regard
to the well-being of our countrymen iti
New Mexico. For mouths past, every ar
tivul from that quarter has brought us in
telligence of some new Indian outrage;
yet the powers that he take no steps to
redress the evil by the punishment of the
daring marauders. The inefficiency of
the military commuudant, and the inade
quacy of the force there, have time and
again been represented to our govern
ment, and all without effect. \\ hile the
jurisdiction of the United States over that
territory is undergoing discussion, its in
habitants are being ruthlessly murdered,
without one well-directed effort being
made to extend protection to its citizens.—
Better would it be to acknowladgc the
claim of Texas at once, than thus to assert
a right to a country which we have not
"ill or means to shield from wanton an un
provoked aggiessioti. If Col. Washing
ton and the force under his command are
unable to punish the savage that now hang
around Santa Fe and the neighboring
cettlements, it is no reason that 1 exas ri
fles would prove equally incompetent.
The heartless murders by the Eutavvs
of the most amiadle lady, Mrs. \\ hile,
"’ilieh is anounced in another part of to
day’s paper, should stir np the fiends of
I‘Uinanity every portion of the Union, until
such expressions of sentiments are made
to our Execu'ive as will call forth the
proper remedy. It is almost useless to
s etid regular force against Indians. They
cannot be brought to act, in the great ma
i r'Oty of cases, with sufficient promptitude.
} Ike Indians will elude them, and disperse
| Cl > their secret haunts, again to assemble
■‘s soon as a blow had failed, and the
j troops had returned to their quarters. —
Not so. howevr, with the Texan rangers,
"> the hunters of our own frontier. Ac
quainted with Indian life, they will follow
'be savage to the fastnesses of his own ra
pines or mountains, hunt him out, and,
arm to arm, exact from hitn the penalty
°f his depredations.
It would seem, too, from the complex
ion of our New Mexican intelligence, that
uohopo need be entertained of amicable
j delations being established by means of the
I u lian agency in that quarter. The Eu-
I u "s and Apaches, emboldened by the
I pusillanimity ofour government, have even
j v en over the farce of “talking” about
I "ace. Treaty after treaty liavo they vi
■ l! >‘ted with impunity; and now, finding
I , ut there is no penalty attendant on these
I ■' aches faith, they no longer condescend
I M eti promise peace. Their course is
THE SOUTHERN TRIBUNE.
NEW SERIES —VOLUME 11.
rational enough, according to the premises!
and theii late horrid aggressions need not at
all he wondered at.
It is to be hoped that the late atrocities
may lead to proper action. A latge force
would nc.t required to punish these
rovers of the plains, but a picked force
would be necessary. We have plenty of
good men on our border who have the
will and ability, and want but the authority
to teach the rascals such a lesson as would
be handed down to their latest posterity.
We lay before our readers the follow
ing accounts from Texas, for which we
are indebted to a member of Congress.—
Can it escape the vision of the most ordin
ary observer that danger hovers over us
from that quarter, and that the question
ought to be settled as soon as possible 1 —
Let us settle this whole delicate and era
brrasaing controversy, whether we regard
the territorial, slavery, or boundary ques
tions, at once and forever, in all its phases.
No man can venture to predict what a
few days may bring foith: the South is
rousing and taking decided measureafora
Southern Convention !
Important from Texas.— We learn
from a gentleman direct from Texas, that
a commissioner has been appointed by the
authority of the State to organize the coun
ty of Santa Fe, and enforce the civil juris
diction of that State.
The Legislature, now in session, has
voted men and money, to be placed at the
disposition of the governor to enforce the
jurisdiction of Texas, if its authorities
meet with any opposition. It seems that
Texas is greatly excited on this subject.
It appears that the present administra
tion, true to its principle of non-action,
some time since gave orders that the au
thorities of Texas should not be opposed
or aided by the military, in their efforts to
enforce the jurisdiction of that State
Such being the case, it is easy to see that
there will speedily be a conflict between
the people of Sauta Fe and the authorities
of l’exas, but which it requires no prophe
cy to foresee will result in the complete
establishment of the authority of Texas in
San!a Fe.
A letter from San Antonia, to a gentle
man in this- city, says :
The legislature is warlike in the ex
treme, and a commissioner will startshort
ly for Santa Fe, to organize (lie counties
there, backed by some four >r fne hun
dred rangers. There is ceitain to be a
row wiih the people if Santa Fe ; but
those of El Paso and its vicinity a: e anx
ious to come under our laws.
Gb vet Seal of California.— The Seal
of the State of California is three inches
in diameter. There is a constellation of
thirty-one stars —the thirty-one States,
California included. In the center is a
figure of Minerva, and at her feet a griz
zly bear eating twigs of the vine. One the
right is a miner, surrounded with mining
impliments, and on the other side ships
under sail are seen. In the background
are the snowy peaks of the Sierra Nevada.
The motto is the Greek word Eureka — “l
have found it”—regarding which there
may be some difference of opinion as res
pects the taste of taking that, vvotd. Jt is
thought in general that Latin is learned
enough for a: 1 State purposes, and some
are so obstinately wedded to the vernacu
1. r, that they think plain English better
than anything else.
The word eureka icfers, we suppose, to
the gold mines, and to the wealth that is
to be extracted from them, respecting
which there will be no disappointment,
vve hope; but the Californiuus ought at
the start,to endeavor to place their national
prosperity upon a more enduring basis
than upon mining pursuits ; and this, be
ing Americans, they will do. They know
that a country may be rich in mines and
yet poor in almost every other respect.
There is Mexico at their very door, which
is a poor country under many aspects, not
withstanding the thousands of millions
that have been taken from her mines.—
Bolivia (Upper Peru) is a poor country,
and yet there is to be found the famous
Potosi—which was an argentiferous moun
tain, at the base of which stands the city
of the same name, once containing one
hundred and fifty thousand inhabitants ;
now reduced to less than twenty thousand.
But California has resources that Bolivia
has not, never had, and never can have.—
Globe.
Kef.ping Animal.s. Do Farmers ever
reflect that all food and attention consumed
by animals, without corresponding im
provement, is so much money thrown a
way ? Everyday in the life of a brute
should be a day of progression towards
maturity, either of working capacityorthe
shambles. Curtail your stock,sell or even
give them away, till you have reduced the
number within your ability to full feeding.
A prime milking cow, amply fed, housed
and cleanly kept, will produce as much
milk through the season(winter and sum
mer) as four or a half a dozen, miserable
brutes half fed; yet the last will con
sumc two or three times the amount of
food and attention appropriated by the
other.
first electric telegraph was
woman’s heart. Ever since the day of
Adam, she has extended her influence
from pole to pole.
Every time a man laughs he adds to
the duration of his life.
MACON, (GA..) SATURDAY MORNING, FEBRUARY 23, 1850.
From the Washington City Globe.
FRANCE.
President Bonaparte has established at
Paris a newspaper called The Napoleon,
which is understood to be, par excellence,
the Presidential organ. He has not only
es'ablished it, but lie is likewise one of the
editors, and writes articles occasionally,
good, bad, or indifferent. Some say (and
it is not unlikely, we think) that the Napo
Icon is intended to advocate, openly orsub
rosa, the restoration of the Empire, which
would place Napoleon the Second on the
throne, of course. An editorial, from the
pen probably of bis Excellency himself,
says that the French nation has to choose
between the virtue of Washington and the
gloty of Napoleon, and that the republic
ans of France will know how to decide.
Now this, if said in America, would he
susceptible of but one cons!ruction—
whether we should take the virtue of one
great man or the gloty of another. We
should be nearly unanimous for the man
of virtue and his system. But the case is
different in France. There the nation
goes for glory, to which almost everything
is regarded as secondary, when it is view
ed under the aspect of national property.
This word glory is there talismanic; the
child lisps it in infancy; the schoolboy’s
first, most lasting impressions, are connec
ed with the glory of the Great Nation ;
the soldier charges his enemy in the name
of glory, and the Statesman’s guiding star
is ever the national glory. This was the
secret of Napoleon’s vast popularity ; he
gave the French glory until they were al
most surfeited with it; and the time at last
came, that fighting, chivalrous, and heroic
people sighed for poacc. J lie first signs
they gave of having had enough of blood,
and victory, and glory, was when Napo
leon made war upon Spain in 1803, which
was never a popular war in France, and
which led, without doubt, to the Emperor’s
ovetlirow, by using up two hundred thou
sand of his best troops, and by creating
doubts of liis invincibility, which no
Frenchman had before doubted. When
from 20,000 to 25 000 French veterans
laid down their arms at Baylen to a force
composed of Spanish militia, the astonish
ment and consternation was greater in
France than had been produced by any
previous disaster. 'The loss of the* fleet
at the Nile and at Trafalgar were great
calamities; but they were not so entirely
unlooked-for and confounding as tlie sur
render of a whole French army to an ene
my not only net feared hut dispised.
Suppose Louis Napoleon should be
lucky or unlucky enough to encircle bis
broVVS witli tlir ivr»pc.viol lUatluill «ir>
Icon Second, how long will he continue to
wear it ? In our opinion, hut a very brief
period. With four or live pretty strong
parties against him, and witli no claim or
title except that he is the nephew of his
uncle, (and many doubt that even,) it will
require nothing less that, a miracle to keep
the throne from slipping from under him.
All these patties, the adherents of Henry
the Fifth, of the Count of Paris, the Re
publicans, the Red Republicans, the So
cialists of all shades, will agree in one
thing, and one only, which will be to, dis
mount the Emperor; and tliat done, each
party will work for itself, as in some
games all the players play against the man
who is ahead, until the game is equalized,
and the.i each one plays for himself.
European Notions of the United
States. — An Italian correspondent of the
New York Gorier aud Enquirer, makes
the following just remarks:
“The great mass of the people on the
continent are either totally ignorant of our
national existence, or have the vaguest
idea of our geographical position, our his
tory, our character, and our form of gov
ernment. The Parisian matron who in
quired on my mention of Washington, if
‘he was that horrid English physician who
poisoned Napoleon V —the Athenian who
congratulated me that our'King was plenty
rich, since lie has got so much gold it) Cali
fornia’— the Neapolitan who was satisfied
‘America is the finest kingdom in Europe,’
and wished tnc to take him there afoot—
and the Custodian, at Pompeii, who could
expound antiquities most admirably, but
had never even so much as heard of Ameri
ca— afford fair illustrations of the intelli
gence generally possessed on the continent
of Europe respecting our country. In
truth, how should it be otherwise? Near
ly half of the people are unable to read,
and a large propotion of the remainder ate
both too poor to obtain books, and too un
cultivated to care for information. The
aducated class entertain the most inade
quate and perverted. ideas concerning us.
They know indeed that we are a Repub
lic, hut they have no proper conception of
either the theory or the practical operations
of our government: they understand that
we have liberty, but they are ignorant of
the moral strength which controls it, and
of the great constitutional and legal bar
ries which hedge it in.”
Keep voir Srables Clean.—Cleanli
ness in the stables and yards is as essential
to the health, and comfort and thrift of
your stock as to yourselves, children and
servants. Standing in cold muddy yards,
and lying down in the filth of stables, es
pecially during severe weather, is adirect
loss of food and condition. If dry and
warm in cold weather, annimals will thrive
better on one half their accustomed food,
than with all, without these conditions.
The Perjured llusbaud.
BY JOK MILLER.
CHAPTER I.— The Introduction.
“Dear me, Arabella, did you hear that
Augustus Snooks was introduced to Julia
Suggers, last evening, at Mr. Fitzpaddle’s
party ]"
“La me, you don’t say !’,
“Emily Pumpkin was tebing me : she
says that old Smashpipes, whom you know
is us blind as a bat, intended to iutioduce
Julius Numbskull and mistook Augustus
for Julius, and introduced him to the hand
some Julia as his friend Numbskull.—
“Happy to have the honor of your ac
quaintance, Miss,” said Augustus ; ‘my
friend Smashpipes has made a mistake,
however my name is Snooks.”
Indeed! what will Angeline Simpkins
think when she hears it ] ’
“1 guess she won’t like it—very singu
lar introduction, wasn’t it 1”
CII \PTER If.— The Courtship.
“Alas I lh« course of true love never did run
smooth.”
The roseate tint of the setting sun was
gilding the golden hair of the beauteous
Julia Sniggers, with its last faint beam,
and the head of the beauty shone like a
show bottle in a pharmaceutist’s window,
with a light behind it. Upon the floor at
her feet, kneeled the young Augustus;!
madness was in his heart and fury in his |
eye. May l hope, dearest ? enquired he, :
in the agony of his passion. 'The beau
teous cheeks of the lovely Julia grew
white as her pocket handkerchief, as she
tried to hide the intensity of her feelings.
“Nay Augustus, spare a virgin’s young
affections, she faintly murmured—‘some
other lime.” “Alas is it so I” said Augus
tus, “I never had a dear gazelle but, no !
Moore is an enthusiast’ said Snooks, calm
ly rising and resolutely buttoning up his
coat. "Julia let us take a walk and have
some ice cream ”
CHAPTER lll —The Declaration.
“By those bright eyes, like the rose, my love ■
my life! I love thee !”
“Shall it be vanilla or lemon ?,’
‘Vanilla, if you please,’ gently answered
the fascinating Julia.
“Bring two vanillas,” said Augustus to
the waiter.
The ices were brought, and the spoons
were soon put into requisition to convey
the cold comfort to their mouths.
“Cold, cold is my lot, soliloquized Au
gustus, “I feed on ice and relish the shiv
ery luxurty. Alas ! it was not so ere I
knew the idol of my affections !” Then
siai> ;r, s hysterically, he enauired. with
intensity, “Julia will you be mine 1
CHAPTER IV.— The Acceptance.
“She is mine—the word is spoken.”
Startled by the terrible demonstration
of passion, the fair Julia swooned. “Alas!’
said Augustus, “she is dead ! Ho! burnt
feathers and salvolatile !” shouted he, deli
riously, “to the rescue ! to the rescue !”
but the call was unnecessary ; slowly
the beauteous Julia opened her bright and
humid eyes and smiled ; “Oh Augustus,
how you frightened me ! 1 think you will
be able to come it.”
CHAPTER V.— The Marriage.
“Bright eys looked love to eys which had
spoken again.’’
The saloon was crowded, and the
guests were happy. The Rev. Bishop
Smith performed the cerimony, “Wilt
thou,” enquiried he of the fair Julia,
‘take this man to be thy wedded husband]’
The eys of the maiden acquired a brighter
brilliancy, as she answered —“I won t do
anything else !”
CHAPTER Vl. The Vow.
“Tis deeply sworn, we will see anon.”
Months rolled on, and Augustusand Ju
lia were happy-economy and neatness pre
sided over all their domestic at rangment,
“1 think,” said Julia one evening, at their
pleasant meal, “I think I should like some
cat-fish for breakfast; will you get up ear
ly in the morning and purchase some I”
•• Dearest, l will,” answered the husband.
“ Nay,” replied the fair wife, “you are
such a vile deceiver I can hardly believe
you” “ Hear me swear,’, said Augustus —
“by yonder moon, I swear that you shall
have* a dozen cat-fish for breakfast to-mor
row; let the oath be registered,its gone up.’
CHAPTER VII.— The Perjury.
“Take then) , I implore thee, lake them ,
Blithely the young wife rose on the mor
row, to a breakfast she deemed would he
happy. Augustus came, in his right hand
he held a string of fish ; but were they
cat-fish ? Stand aghast ye heavens, when
you hear it—they were perch ! Julia
caught one glance —her delicate system
could not stand the shock. “Perch ! 'she
wildly cried and sank lifeless upon the
ground.
CHAPTER VIII.— The Denouement.
“Man'sinhumanity to ••oinon makes count
less thousands mourn.”
Sadly they bore her to her long home ;
flowers were strewed over her grave, and
the faces of all her acquaintances wore a
lugubrious aspect. But there was one
whom that sad sight struck down to the
earth—it was the prejured Augustus.—
Wildly he rushed forth, and sought con
solation in the bowl— it teas not there— and
goaded to frenzy, one day he walked calm
ly down to the Navy Yard, and enlisted
in the marines. He didn’t do anything else.
Cotton in Africa —A treaty has just
been signed by which the Danish settle
ments on the African gold-coast have been
ceded to England, and the latter power is
now debating the feasibility of raising a |
supply of cotton there. It is now produ- j
ced there by the natives for Dahomey the
culture of cotton from Americau seed
was attempted under the auspices of the
late African traveler, John Duncan, in July j
last. He was furnished with the seed by
the British Chamber of Comerce. Let
ters recently published in the Manchester
Guardian give the following account of
the experiment:
Mr. Duncan had been appointed British
Consul at Whydah, the principal port of j
Dahomey. The king, being apprised of |
his intentions, placed the whole popula- !
lion of what is called English Town entire- 1
!y at his disposal. Mr. Duncan engaged j
60 laborers at the rate of four strings of
cowries, or f'urpence sterling, per day
each, and planted several acre 6 of laud
with American seed ; reserving however,
a quantity for presentation to the king,
and a further quantity to be planted at the
commencement of the rains ; not then know-;
ing what might be the best season for the J
purpose. Having planted several acres
Mr. Duncan went to Abomey, and was
well received. It appears ftom Mr. Dun
can’s letters that the cotton now grown
there in considerable quantities is of very
good quality. Indeed, a small sample en
closed in one of his letters is quite equal,
it not superior to fair Orleans, having equal
length and strength of staple, while in
fineness and color it seems, as far as can
be judged from the very small quantity,
decidedly superior. Os this cotton Mr.
Duncan says that he had forwarded a cask
by a vessel which brought this first letter;
but hitherto, it lias not reached its destina
tion. Cotton seems to be by no means ’
scarce in the neighborhood of Whydah;
for when it became known to the nutives
that Mr. Duncan was desirous of purchas
ing some, he was quite overwhelmed with
the quantities that were brought to him on
all sides ; and he could have purchased to
a considerable extent if his means had al
lowed him. In addition to the common
cotton grown on the coast, Mr. Duncati
found at Abomey a variety of the cotton
paint, the produce of which was of very
superior quality—he says quite equal to
the best sample with which from his des
cription, was no doubt Sea Island. Os
this plant—which he describes as being
about 14 feet high with large branching
head—be had procured a quantity of seed,
and intended to plant it with the remain-
Av.vfi.;. Aui.it\,uu moo, at. tuecommence
ment of the rains.
The Watch. —A watch is one of the
most complicated nnd delicate mechanical
products of art, and requires, for its pres
ervation in the best order, much more care
and nicety than many watch owners gen
erally observe. The following directions
(given by Mr. Mott,) for the use and keep
ing of watches are instructive to the un
practised in this particular.
As all metals alter their dimensions by
heat and cold, aud particularly the tender
springs of watches, so as sensibly to affect
their rates of going, they must necessarily
stand in need of regulation. A watch at
tached to, or detached from, the body, va
ries its rales perceptibility, and as we are
constrained to regulate under the latter
circumstance, it may bo proper for the
wearer to regulate after us, to suit the
change of temperature.
To set the hands to time, no attempt
should be made to turn them with the fin
gers. for this practice is very apt to loosen
the hour hand on the socket and will often
cause the watch apparently to stop, and
suddeidy to vary much when it does not;
therefore to move the hands, put the key
upon the square in the centre of the dial
plate, and turn them either forward or
backward ; the former is to be preferred
if the hands turn stifly.
Set the watch by some good house clock,
(or a genuine Chronometer Regulator)
and compare it with those and no others,
once a week, regularly, and according to
the variations, move the regulating point
as before directed, by which means a near
agreement and a uniform rate may bo ob
tained. By neglecting this, or an equiva
lent rule, a good watch may come to be
reputed indifferent.
If very great exactness is required, then
reference must be had the celestial stan
dard, the revolution of the fixed stars, sun
and moon.
Carefully avoid opening the watches to
expose the wotks unnecessarily as by that
means small particles of dust, sand, or the
like, frequently get in, which will either
cause the watches to stop or go badly.
A watch should be cleaned every twelve
or at the extent, eighteen months, or the
works wear out, and require to be re
newed at a heavy expense.
'fhe same with clocks as above stated
with watches, hut they require cleaning
every two tears; and for regulation,
screwing the pendulum up, makes them
go faster, and the return-screw slower, for
true time.
[ jP’Tbe two most precious things on this
side of tho grave, are reputation and
life—yet tho most contemptible whisper
may deprive us of the one, and the mean
est weapon of the other.
For one man who sincerely pities our
misfortunes, there arc huudered* who
heartily hate us for our suscesses.
BOOK AND JOB PRINTING,
Will be executed in the most approved *isle
and on the best terms, at the Office of the
SCTT'THEB.IT TRIBtWE,
-BY
WM. B. HARRISON.
NUMBER 7.
From the .Veto Orleans Crescent.
S> uopaU of Prof. Forshey’a Lecture.
I’rofessor Forshev commenced with the
sublime sentence, “In the beginning God
created the heavens and the earth.” He
alluded to the lectures of Mr. Milchel,
and spoke of the fitness of a course on
Geology immediately following that on As
tronomy. Ho said that the Geologist, like
the Astronomer, bad cause to be giate
ful for the triumphant demonstration, pres
ented by Kirkwood, the American School
master, of the law which governs the axil
lary motion of the planets, because it lends
a more powerful aid to the nebular hypo
thesis than all the reasoning hitherto known,
and because that hypothesis is almost iu
dispensible to the explanation of geologi
cal phenomena. lie then glanced at the
nebulous theory, os fully explained by Mr.
Mitchel. Ho said, when the earth was
separated from the central mass, it wne in
a liquid state, and occupied the 6paco half
way between Venus on one side, and Mats
on the other.
When it had shrunk to a diameter of
250,000 miles it had thrown off the moon,
just as it had been thrown off from the sun.
It staggered belief that the earth had ever
occupied such space : but a cubic foot cf
water, at boiling heat, expands 1800 times
i’s bulk ; and the application of heat which
should melt the earth into a gaseous form,
would expand its diameter so as to en
croach on the orbits of Venus and Mars.
There is strong reason for believeing that
the interior of the earth is still in a liquid
state from central heat. This was inferred :
Ist. From the smoke and steam observ
ed to attend earthquakes.
2J. The lava thrown out by volcanoes,
in all latitudes and climates.
3d. The increase of temperature down
wards, in all shafts sunk into the earth’s
surface.
4th. The evidence of fusion observed
in the older rucks.
If there boa cental heat.it must he di
minishing ; for the sphere at the crust, and
the space around, are much cooler. If it
cools, it must contract and the earth grow
smaller. If there be central heat, now
diminishing, the earth must have been once
! much greater —must have been always
cooling—and hence, must once have been
in the fluid state, and occupied a much lar
ger sphere. Then he concludes that the
area of the earth’s sphere once extended
to that of the other planets. They too
must have had their central heat, and once
met the nebulous earth. They must also
have composed a single sphere extensive
l as the solar system. That great solar mass,
too, must have been firrgvor conJr?«»t;-.*r
j and must nave once blended with the
neighboring solar systems, and these with
the next, until the hypothesis involves the
universe in its range.
He then passed to the stratification of
rocks, and referred to the horizontal lay
ers on the Ohio ; to the vertical ones on
the Hudson,and tiio diamond shaped mass
es in tlie granite-quarries of Baltimore
and Washington, The relative position
of the different rocks was so well known,
that it was easy to predict the neighbor
hood of one rock by the presence of anoth
er. The character of a geological bed,
like the character of a man, is to be judged
by the company it keeps. He went into
the theory of springs aud artesian wells ;
but it is impossible to give a satisfactory
sketch of this without illustrations. In
the explanation of the different strata, he
used a beautiful diagram of the earth’s
surface, with its different strata—in some
places lying in regular order—in others,
broken and rent in pieces in others, travers
ed by veins of basalt, trap and porphyry.
Tue Power of Steam. —A pint of wa
ter,evaporated by two ounces of coal,swells
into two hundred and sixteen gallons of
steam, with a mechanical force sufficient
to raise a weight of thirty-seven tons a foot
high. By allowing it to expand, by virtue
of its elasticity, a further mechanical force
may be attained, at least equal in amount
to tho former.
Five pints of water, evaporated by a
pound of coke in a locomotive engine, will
exert a mechanical powersufficient to draw
two tons weight on a railroad a distance of
one mile in two minutes. Four horses in
a stage-coach, on a common road, will
draw tho same weight the same distance
in eight minutes.
Four tons of coke, worth 25 dollars,
will evaporate water enough to carry, on a
railway, a train of coaches weighing about
eighty tons, and transporting two hundred
and forty passengers, with their baggage,
ftom Liverpool to Birmingham and back
again, total distance 190 miles, in four
hours and a quarter each way. To trans
port the same number of passengers daily,
by stage coaches, on a common road,be
tween the same places, would require
twenty coaches, and an establishment of
three thousand eight hundred horses,
with which the journey, in each direction,
would be performed in about twelve hours.
— Dr. Lardncr's Lectures.
iCT'The idler is a dangerous member of
society. He becomes a prey to his own
passions, and scourges others with his
rices.
There is a luxury in the uninterrupted
enjoyement of sorrow, but is when tho
tear can steal along the cheek unseen,
and the pride of stoicism a!l men possess
yie’dsto the genuine call of humanity.
