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pie of the Unituil States are in yasualtut*, to tee i:ew order of rag barons, lor the medium^ by wliiclt they procure! every thing in ilie world— and without which they are, in a manner. inter* dieted from all the comforts ot lile. Tile dit- fcrence is not much—and that diUurence is in favor of the ancient feudal vassal. These observations on the consequences of that easy facility, or somethin" worse, with which the dill'ereut legislative bodi », have yielded to the seductions of the paper system, are not in tended for any party purpose. On a subject like this, I belong to no party, but the party op posed to the paper system, which judging by the dread and awful silence reigning around, is not as yet very numerous, although I trust in the glo- lious influence of bright, and ever during truth, that it will ere long become, sufficiently so. to Iroc the people from this upstart ragged aristocracy. The writer of these papers disclaims any inten tion of discriminating to the interests, or the antipathies of either party, federalists or repub licans, by these sketches. In truth there little dilt’ereiice betwe Tit is time to tell our people that do •ot make an aristocracy. It is t!n> ese option from certain general laws amt regulation* of so ciety—tlm freedom from rules that circumscribe the freedom of others—and, above all, the exclu sive possession of the land which gives the (lieaii!) at" wealth—or of some other prerogative —-nch, for instance, as that of issuing the paper- JO mey, that constitutes our aristocracy. In the feudal ages, there was neither commerce or manu factures—and the laud furnished the sole and on ly source of wealth. lienee the barons, by pos sessing the land, held, of necessity, every other class of people in hereditary dcpeudancc. Now, however, the great extension of commerce and manufactures has given to mpney the inlluence formerly exclusively possessed by land; and a privileged order, exercising the sole right of making the only money we have, is, to all in tent-, an aristocracy of the most dangerous kind. It po-.sesses all the odious features of aiistocra- cy except titles; and who shall tell its how Ion it will be before a bank director shall signify nobleman ? I am not in the habit of railing at the constitu ted authorities of-our country, nor of passion ately arraigning every act that does not accord with my views or my wishes. But I do not hesi tate to say, that when the dilferent legislative bodies co-operated, with such singular harmony, in the creation of a privileged order, possessing and exercising the sole power of dispensing a false capital ot between two and three hundred millions—a privileged order, distinct from that of anv other in the nation in its powers ami im munities—bound together by the strong tie of » mutual interest, separate and independent from any other class of the community—adding no- thi'ng to the mass of national capital, or to the a- tnount of productive labor—they forged chains •Cor themselves and the people of the United States. They laid the foundation of a system} pre tend the whole nation which, if not destroyed by tha virtue and firm. Dess of that people, will, at no distant period, generate an organized and united aristocracy, with greater and more active means for enslaving the people, than were ever possessed by the bar ons of the feudal ages—an aristocracy gifted with the exclusive privilege of dispensing, now that gold and silver have disappeared, the means by which men alone in a civilized state can promptly procure the indispensable necessaries, and pursue the indispensable occupations of life. They entailed upon every other class of men a dependance on this one alone for the means of satisfying all the wants, and obtaining all the eu MEDICAL. \X ACCOUNT oi? T1XE G PI DC MIC FF.VF.lt WHICH PHBVAILKU INTWICHJS COUNTY, O. UUUINU TUB SPUl.N'O OF 1 H1H. « Lite when oppressed with disease, is bat a compound of woes the end of meilical science is to restore ami preserve health', and every person is concerned in it* .in- provcmeai.” •iuxk. To record with honest precision, the appear ance, symptoms, &.c. ot an epidemic, is the du ty of every physician, whose situation may ren der it practicable it is an act worthy of the pen of the philanthropist and philosopher; and that physician forgets Ids duty to the profession and to the community, who fails to contribute his individual exertion to elucidate the hidden nature, anil establish a just modus niedemli, <d any dis ease not yet well understood. How far, and with what fidelity, the writer of the following account bull has discharged bis duty iu this respect, must be them, as respects the en- | e ft to the candid and liberal judgment of the couragement of the paper system. Tits honor j medical public to determine. Tu them it is sub orns first introduction is certainly due to the nutted with deference and diffidence, under the former ; but the anxiety of the latter to favor so! hope that it may not he altogether uninteresting, illustrious at- example, lias led them as deep in-! Should it prove anywise beneficial, it will be an to this.mischievous folly as the other. lam not I ample reparation for the sacrifice of private and casuist enough to strike th partners in guilt, one tty as the other. lam not 1 ample reparation tor the saennee oi private ana .Xe the balance between twoj professional feelings hereby incurred, of whom commits the crime, The epidemic in question, first made its ap- nts to share in its rewards, pearance in this quarter sometime in the month while the otliei consents Neither do 1 mean to cast any general iinputa pearance m tins quarter sometime of March, and was attended with symptoms va tion, on the feeling-, views, or motives of thedif- rious and peculiar, and with consequences ex- ferent legislate bodies that have been most libe- j ceedingly alarming. In its attack it was general- rat in creating banks. I will du them the favor, ly very severe,—in its progress, rapid—often to believe that at first, they did not distinctly , assuming in its course, a complication of synip- perceive the consequences of giving every year! toms and variety of character rarely met with new vigour means, and activity tu a privileged\ jn any disease but itself it seemed to attack order. 1 say privileged order, fur however this [ equally the vigorous and the feeble; the young, paper system may be extended, it cannot com-j the middle aged, aiid the aged, but seldom al ine ;eml the whole nation. Every man his ow:i Jfected child.en under two years of age. In low lawyer, is bad enough—but every man bis own j and damp situations it was more rile than on those money manufacturer—and paper money would elevated and dry. Of the forms of disease which at once be good tor nothing, in u certain pro-1 prevailed in this county previous to the appear- vincc iu Spain, there once occurred violent distance of this epidemic, lam quite ignorant, not generally attended with greater frequency J pulse; the throat oftener altected ; hotter and oftener moist skin ; less prostration of the animal functions in the commencement, Ike. ami the V dies of the diseased less disposed to immetliite putrefaction. I have been thus particular in description, ft«a knowing that the value of such comniutiicatitiH depends as much on a full and correct dctaiUf symptoms of the disease, as on the minutiae of treatment. The causes of this disease, in common nift those of other epidemics, are vet much iirolud in obscurity ; and will perhaps always elude th* nicest experiments of the human senses. Ti,j ( are however, probably to be sought iu theca;, lities of the surrounding air, its variations often- , - perature, and our habits of living. Thus, fie ided iu the county till about the timeol j remote cause may be conjectured an epidcmial j constitution of the atmosphere : the predisposing Popular report, however, stated that it was ge-land exciting causes may be considered, our hi- when the devoted victu ■braces of death. Throughout tin V* 00 .' 1 into ft* f| ^j die tongue was generally less altered inaptl!^ I roin that of health, and consequently the Irk"* appetite less impaired, than usually hajkT** acute disease. The skin occasionally mom” * sweating, great muscular debility ami ostr^ frequency of pulse were also remarkable 8 ,? ' ims of this disease. The pulse in one insti rose to 190 per minute; commonly | mw(;Vi , was too I’eeMfe and indistinct to number jS* exceeded labor 160, and the case was then orally fatal; yet several cases recovered\vU the pulse had been from 160 to 130, and ohm 160 per minute. “ t)uring the prevalence of this disease, less soreness of the throat, pain in the head!! breast, or oppressed respiration, was coninijUj of, even by almost every person who contina!a able to attend his daily avocation. 1 These were the various, complicated and da racteristie symptoms of the vli.sease as it within my knowledge. Itt some symptomsditT* ingfrotn, but in general feature correspond, with th the epidemic, which has prevailed («’ some years pa->t, in the northern and middle^ tions of oUr country. It difiered from that how! ¥ putes between certain powerful families on the 1 havtn score of nobility of birth, which threatened to • its appearance involve the country in a civil war. A certain j Popular rept wise king—for there have been wise kings as well nerally healthy, and that nothing particularly I bits of living, intemperance or excesses ofa; a* black swans in this world,—in order to rctne- unusual appeared in the complaints common to kind, vicissitudes of weather, &c.; while tie dy these disorders,ennobled the whole province,! that seusou of the year. proximate cause may be regarded, a9 that ,ta» •nau, woman and child, at one blow, and the con-j The following aie the most general and c'ori- j of the nervous system, consequent to the applicj. sequence was t at nobody afterwards valued a stunt symptoms of the disease as it came within i tir-n and united influence of the various tcnoii, distinction possessed by every body. Such would, my view. It was most frequently ushered in ! predisposing ami exciting causes, be the ell'oct of incorporating the whole nation j with a chili or ague, ofionger or shorter duration, ” .... joynimts that constitute a great portion of the! into knots of money makers none would value but seldom longer than an hour; succeeded by happiness of civilized human beings. The In- what each could make with s'u little trouble. The I m, uncommonly vehement reaction, with acute corporated manufacturers of rags, by banishing! making of paper money therefore, howev-1 pain generally t;i the head, throat or chest, some- Dr withholding the precious met.ils from circulu-j er, the system maybe extended, must of ne-j times in the back or extremities, sense of n« edi tion, have become the sole dispensers of that j cessity be confined to a privileged order, and the ness, vertigo, redness of the eyes, frequently which have usurped its place. The exclusive legislative powers have consequently sacrificed Hushed countenance, tongue generally moist privilege of coining money, not from silver and the rights of the people in erecting, increasing, and covered with a thin white pellicle, with gold, which, whether coined or not, every where among civilized nations possess :• specific value— Jbu; from rags, is resigned to a gang of nebdy speculators. What, sir, would the good peoj !e of the Uni ted States have thought, wimt would they have sai l—for to speak and to think are one and the tame with a free people—if their representatives had given to one small privileged order the ex clusive right to all the profits of creating, out of nothing, two or three hundred millions ol paper IDoney, which they were authorised to pass away,I reigns, fur such are the legislative bodies—and at the value of silver and gold, and which theleveiiiiowldonottliinktheuittltogetherunquali- people were virtually obliged to take—-L say o-} tied to he the guardians of my rights, although 1 bliged. because they could get no other? And} see them still obstinately, aud wilfully persisting what would they have said, if, while this privi- in a line of conduct, of which they cannot oe leged order was permitted to deal their paper out! still blind to the fatal consequences.—I .no pux- at the full v doe of silver and gold, they were i zled sir, to invent an hypothesis that will without graciously exempted from redeeming it in like I impeaching that legislative purity, which is toe manner ?’ Would they nut have withdrawn their I sole safeguard of tiie people's rights, account for confidence from people capable of such etfor-! the sitigtiiai fact, of their still continuing to mul- muus folly, or something wor-e, and brand them ■ tiply banks, at the moment they see tn.it those inc’apa- A privileg- i ble of fulfilling their engagements to toe public— the cunsti- |and where it is notorious, that their capitals have Some oi hem ce the amount. of their whole authorised capitals, when only one or two instalments have been paid hi,—and others is tins a futinaatiun for a nation- aud maturing an order of this disci iption. Far scolloped edges, thirst, skin hot and dry, thu’ be it from me to say that they have done tins ! sometimes moist; respiration hurried and with a with their eyes open. 1 believe most seriously sense of weight on the breast; cough sooner or that ignorance ot the consequences ot their acts,. later, and sometimes sevei e u ith bloody expecto- was in a variety ot instances, the real source ot ration in the commencement; nausea, and some- this evil—and legislative ignorance most happily times vomiting; circulation arterial and venous, lor cei tain dignified bodies, is not telony, either rapid ; pulse generally rather full, quick and in courts ot conscience, or courts ol law—al- frequent, the vascular contraction sometimes al though its elfects, are often morepernicious.thau complete aud from 160 to 150 per minute;— those ol wiitul downright wickedness. Vet 1 watchfulness; prostration of muscular power, mean to make no formal charges against our sove- tkc. Although these symptoms generally cha racterise the complaint at, or in a few hours alter the attack, there were many cases in some re spects quite diUiircnt. A number of cases with pain in the head, were attei.ded with a sKiu dry and cool, or of natural warmth, great muscu lar debility; numbness of the extremities ; and with infamv and contempt ? And yet such is the! already created are either unwfiliu. plain, honest, undeniable truth, cd utder, not recognized by tntio.i ol the United -'tate-S, or any of the states, | not been, and cannot oe paid in. has been thus created, and at this very moment are issuing nutes to tw ice, ami tl is exercising the sole right of issuing two or three hundred millions of paper-monev—the only mo ney we now have, or ever shall have while this! upon nothing, unnatural and anti-republican state of things \al currency. Shall continue. I acquit, from my soul, the different legisla-! subject to a tutu tures of anv attempt to enslave the people ; and i tell what 1 hav But i si.ail reserve the continuation of this letter, in which 1 purpose to en, and know of toe means I wisli l could, with equal frankness, acquit them I sometimes resorted to for the purpose of oOtaio- of being rationally blind, or of wilfully shuttin their eyes to consequences so inevitable as those! I have been stating. Still more heartily do I ing bank charters—of the occult aod mysterious process by which legislators, are induced to vote w _ lor banks within duors, while they talk against wis'i that I could acquit the people of the United! them without—and to undo one day the decisions States from the imputation of stupidity or what is worse, indifference to their rights. It is pre cise! v this condition of the legislative power, the sovereign power of this country, and this state of tin* public mind, tl.at inevitably, if not check ed in time, leads to the dowufall of the public liberty. When the legislative power is rational ly or wilfully blind, and when the people become careless of any thing they do—and when the press is as nlent as the grave—4heu the design ing and unprincipled, the needy and the avari cious—the ambitious rich man and the desperate of the day before. If in so doing, it falls to my lot to disclose scenes that will disgrace my hon oured country, and bring a burning blush on the cheek ot every man that feel, hi nselt associated in her glory and her shame—the fault is not ■nine. The disclosure is called for, and it shall be made, let who will wince for it. S'U conseire sibi, nulla pallescere culpa—is the glorious priv ilege of an honest man, and such will not shrink from the tiuth. It is no longer a time to mince matters ;—a little while and tne truth will be un availing. It shall therefore be soon told, decent- bankrupt, craw I forth to take advantage of this | ly and respectfully, to the innocent; heavily aud blindness, indifference, aud lack of salutary | bitterly, to the guilty. Watchfulness—Then the legislative power is de-| ceived or tempted into acts that strike at the root of liberty—and, at such times, the people, them selves aiid their guardians fast asleep, suiter such things to puss and fancy all is right, because tio- bodv complains. Such has been the conduct of the legislatures and the people in a large portion of the states, and such have been the consequen ces A fnatal paper aristocracy—an order of rag barons, has been erected, with power equal to the idd feudal chiefs, and with means ten times greater of enslaving the people. The people, under the old feudal system, were only depend ant on their masters for their lands ; but the peo- • By a report made to the sea clary of tlie- treasury m 1814, it appears that but ol a of the banks of ihe il.s- trict of Columbia, had its capital fully pant in—some ol tliem scarcely one half. It is also notorious that the cap itals, as they arc called, of the hunks of the United States, and almost all thu banks established, since the suspen sion of specie y.ymcnts; have been paid by loans from these very banks ! For the payment of these loans, the scrip of the stockholders, together with their individual crcd.l are pledged—a notable security us vvft shall see The scrip thus pledged, U worth nothing, miles the cap ital is actually pad m ; and the value of the s*ecurity ol m.l.vduals who Cannot pay it iu without borrowing ol the bank to pay the bank, is to say the lexst exceed-ngly suspicious. They depend on being eventually able to pa,v, by the sale of tins precious stock—and if by any accident it should dcprec ate, it is not probable they will be able to pay at all. We have then after all, no sccuri- ... c _ .u . i-h. . --r .‘ • • ... •It is not a little amusing to sec how every dollar! brought into the country is advert sed, like a quack jty for the debts of these banks, thus indebted to every medicine—,n great capitals, like the high prizes iu a |one in ilie community,hut the individual credit, of hank lo" ,-y, and goes the rounds of all the newspapers. Will .speculators ! it were much to be wished that the d Her- the gentlemen tell us how -.nan;. ..re going out of the lent legislative bodies, would call upon each ami every country, to China andtilS Hast Indies, iil Uj£ mcyi time. > lone o' .liese banks, for a similar statement with that tlc- Tffo n one, at task Iquoiwl of lbs fcjato of tii£ dbtnst of Columbia, From much animadversion on the r.ausem symptoms of this disease I have been led tu» sitler it, in theory and in practice as a cn’arrkl epidemical fever j consisting of local inf aim tion or congestion, and often of both, with few, sometimes of the synchoid, but oftener of lit typhoid type; and as seated principally in fit mucous, serous and fibrous membranes of ft system, rather than in the substance of the vUan, or parts which they line or envelope. Witlitkil view of the combined causes and mixed nattit ol the disease before him, the thinking phvsiciiii is enablctl to account for many of its syinj.inav which were otherwise, perhaps, difficult to «• plain ; and. is led to anticipate a pcrnlexilttk endeavoring to adopt any particular ami uniinr* modus medendi (as-recommended by somcjtt its multifarious form of attack; and, is tauglif, at the same time, the propriety of a treatment adapted to the present state of the case nr sys tem before him ;—a trea'incut varied as the dis ease varies in dillerent case". Thus, to him, it is plain that the proper treatment fur a case at tended with little or no febrile heat, errant pains g: eat prostration of strength and the vital powers pu.su small uiul tuuble, anil as slow or slower slow and feeble pulse, ike. would be inatlniissi"t, tnan in health. Many were attacked as ill pneu-1 in another case accompanied, with tixt pj .it moi.ia and pluitritis, but in general with less the breast or side, hut mid dry skin, difficult.' strength anti luluess, but greater frequency of I spiration, with cough and expectoration of blond; pulse. Several cases appeared like phreuitis,! mucus, and a full, quick, and frequent pubt'. - Iiaving au obvious engorgement of the vessels of j And cases of each were nut u n frequently ^ ti.e head, the temporal arteries as full as if injec ted ; eyes and eyelid. 8 red and turgid; counte nance llushed and stupid ; coma, and pulse in termittent, full and frequent. Many others were atfiseted in the throat with pain; difficult deglutition ; sense of chunking as if from exter nal pressure ; fauces tumid and of a fiery red color ; seldom much external swelling; hoarse ness ; aversion to speaking . oppression at the breast; cough, pulse generally quick, frequent and rather weak, tiume cases uf this aiVection proceeded rapidly to impossibility of swallowing and quickly after to suit'.eutiun. In a lew cases besides the general alfeetiun, the disease attack ed the joints as in rheumatism and the ear, as in otalgia. In many instances the luesl aiVection ! ment, and consequently pain by diffusing cicilty appeared translated from one part to another, as j ment. 2. To calm the imiri with. In the treatment of this disease, .nv iwl’d tions of cure have been diversified as the tlif- lerent states of the system ; deduced in caching a Consideration of the parts affected, the cut degree of intlammation, the state of niorti-1 congestion, and the peculiarity of fever whether more or less inflammatory or typhus. Accor dingly in cases of the disease, unaccotiijU'i'N with Icicul inflammation, or the inflammation I®- considerable, consisting chiefly of local engorge ment or congestion and fever typhoid as wisol- tener the »ase, I considered the indicaliuntsre- medii were, 1. To relieve locil inflammation or engorge- uiimte and niurwa lomach aii'i bonds, I commotion ot the svsteiH and support it f r,l! * sinking, and 3. and lastly, to give tone to tl.» several functions. 1 a tultil the first indication, I generally pt* - to the cervix vesica*, the constituting strangury, colic, diarehtea, leru, dysentary, \c. In the progress of the disease, where medi cine mid not been resorted to at an early period, | scribed sudoritics, or a ini d emetic anil thensiiu- or where it continued unremitted by the applica-1 orifics, according to circumstances, with pedela- tion of medicine, il the case was not directly Iviutn fomentations, epispastics, rubefacients* 1 fatal, the following symptoms common!v ensued, jtnild cathartic, txc. Pain mostly abated ; debility increased; remis sion of febrile heat ;skin shrunk and moist; eyes sunk, and when moved while awake, frequently exhibiting a look ot wildness and anxiety, with lividness ot the skin around them ; countenance contracted; tongue as before mentioned, or of a reddish brown color, with slight fissures in its surface, and accompanied with a trem Vus mo tion in putting it out ol the mouth; oppression at the breast greater ; respiration more hurtled and difficult; increase of cougii, and phlegm or muscus as in bronchia; alvine discharges (ifany) dark and bilious; urine scanty and deeply color ed ; coma Or coma vigil ; muttering and groan ing in sleep; sometime delirious, but generally lucid ; peevish ; often desirous of food ; pulse smaller, teeblernnd mdre frequent and indistinct; and when asked generally made no complaint but that ot general debilitv, and often thought himselt convalescing. These symptoms denoted a fatal termination, and after continuing a while were followed by coldness of the extremities, respiration more laborious, and attended with rat ling of phlegm in the throat; countenance Hippo- cuticj ami the pulse %illiug «tu( tremulous, To accomplish the second indication, I epispastics, rubefacients, stulorifics, opium, or lomei in small and repeated doses, toddy, "i nt at<d cordial nourishment, pro re nata. To accomplish the third and last object I opiates at more distant intervals', tonics, nouris" - ment, &c. In all these cases the stimulating * gents were given agieeubly to their c fleet son tin system,—to some liberally, to others sparingly- But on the contrary where the disease wasM" companied with much local inflammation, fever s vnochoid,as in some instances ot its attack on the lungs and its membranes; evidenced “7 extreme and fixt pain in the chest, laborious res ' piratiun, frequent cough, blobdy expectoration; hot and dry skin, pulse full amf distinct in c® 3 ' traction, my indications were different. ‘* er8 my object was 1. To abate pain, local inflamma tion, and engorgement, by lessening the immedi ate cause, and bv diffusing and equalising •“* excitement. 2. To give tone and promote to* due performance of the several functions of t» 6 system. The first indication was attempted, by vfne ( ’ section from 4 to 16 oz.; (and sometimes rep* 8 ‘