Newspaper Page Text
VOL. I.
‘■fjjj; talsluiMlA ST/Mil
to published, every Friday morning, in Macon, Ga. on the follow.
CONDITIONS :
V paid strictly ta orfrancc - * per annum
If not so paid - * * • 300 “ “
Legal Advertisements will be made to conform to the following pro
visions of the Statute. .
Sale* of Land and Negroes, by Executors, Administrators and Guard
ians, are required by law to be advertised in a public gazette, sixty
day* previous to the day of sale.
These sip“ must be held om the first Tuesday iu the month, between
the hours of ten in the forenoon and three in the afternoon, at the
Court House in the county in which the property is situated.
The sales of Personal Property must be advertised in like manner for
lf Notice to Debtors and Creditors of an Estate must be published forty
Notice that application will be made to the Court of Ordinary for
leave to sell Land and Negroes, must be published weekly for four
months. , .......
Citations or letters of Administration must be published thirty days
—for Dismission from Administration, monthly, six months—for Dis
mission from Guardianship,/orfy days.
Rules for foreclosure of mortgage, must be published monthly, for
four months— for establishing lost papers , for the full space of three
month*— for compelling titles from Executors or Administrators where
a bond has been given by the deceased, the full space of three months.
Professional and Business Cards, inserted, according to the follow
ing scale : . , .
for 4 lines or less per annum - * *• 00 m advance.
“ 6 lines “ “ * * - 700 a “
u la u u u . . SlO 00 “ “
ty Transient Advertisements will be charged sl, per square of 12
li H e or less, for the first and 50 cts. for each subsequent insertion.—
Ur thesa rates there will be a deduction ot 20 percent, on settlement,
when advertisements are continued 3 months, without alteration.
jy All Letters except those containing remittances must be post
paid or free.
Postmasters and others who will act as Agents for the “Citizen”
may retain 20 per cent, for their trouble, on all cash subscriptions for
warded.
OFFICE on Mulberry Street, East of the Floyd House and near the
Maiket.
•fljf 1$ net's Climn;
For the Georgia Citizen.
TO A FIXED STAR.
Tale, pale star from thy ether dome
Mark’st thou the earth's dim-lighted zone 7
Thy beacon light hath burnt for years
Amid decay, and birth, and tears.
Know'st thou the change that wraps our hearth's,
Os fair forms fled, with tones of mirth—
See’est thou the tears we daily shed
’Oer grassy tombs of the early dead ?
The strings of thrilling harps are mute-
And idle hangs the mournful lute—
While gloom and silence dims the hall,
Where never more their sound may fall.
And hearts that die from slow decay
Like flowers shut from light of day
And eyes that glanced loves softest light.
Grown cold and stern ‘neath anger’s might!
Know’st thon all this, oh ! burning star
A* spirit-like tl— *-**’-♦ ’
Dost hour the wail from anguish riven
As cloud-like it soars to heaven.
/
Sees’t thou the smoke of battle fields,
Plumes crushed in dust and broken sh ields ?
Cans’t thou that maids fair form descry
Where hope, and love forever fly 7
Or dost thou hold the forms we love,
As spirits pure like those above ?
Shedding thy light to cheer the soul,
When free from all of earth control.
If not, Oh! star, what mission then
Bear’st thou unto the hearts of men ?
Whose lives are but a clouded sky—
A dream, a breath that flashes by.
We know notwhenoe the cloud hath gone—
The dreams bright hues hath ever flown—
Rest they upon thy brighter shore 7
Do spirits dwell there evermore 7
Oh 1 tell us, are our visions vain
Os Heaven's bright and flowery plain,
Does hope and love and all we have
Ne’er rise from darkness of the grave 7
Thou’rt mute oh star; we'll hope again,
That all our seekings are not vain—
That life is but aftempest given
To waft our bark to some bright Heaven.
M. H. OMSTEAD.
Otcgo, Nrtc York.
LILIES OF LOVE.
No. 2.
CANZONET TO MYRA.
BT T. ft. CHIVERU, M. D.
Luz de mi Alma.
’Twas not within the lighted Ilall,
Where fashion gaily shone;
Nor was it at some Festival,
Where beauty reigned alone;
But far oft*from the scenes of pride,
That thou wert dear to me,
I gladly turned from all beside,
And gave my soul to thee—
To thee—alone to thee !
I gladly turned from all beside,
And gave my soul to thee.
I sought thee not amid the throng,
Where joy was wont to reign;
And seeking thee—though Bought so long—
I sought thee not in vain.
And now that nought can e’er divide
Thy loveliness from me,
I gladly turn from all beside,
And give my soul to thee—
To thee—alone to thee !
I gladly turn from all bes'de,
And give my soul to thee.
And now that thy dear voice is heard;
In eloquence and love;
And tha t our vows are registered
By holy hands above;
And that thou art mine own souls bride,
And shalt forever bo;
I gladly turn from all beside,
And give my soul to thee—
To thee—alone to thee !
I gladly turn from all beside,
And give my soul to thee.
BOMEBTXO FBX.XCXTY.
Rich,though poor
My low roofed cottage is this hour a heaven,
Music is in it—and tho song she sings,
That sweet-voiced wife of mine arrests the ear
Pt my young child awake upon her knee ;
And with his calm eyes upon his master’s face
Hy noble hound lies crouched—and all here—
AH in this little home—yet boundless heaven—
Are in such love as I have power to give
Blessed to overflowing.
ftiiscellnttt.
Mercantile Honesty.
A stranger to mercantile operations, as carried
on in our large commercial Cities would infer from
the following letter, which the Dry Goods Reporter
reads to its immediate “parish,” that deception, or
lying, was the besetting sin of the dry goods trade.
The readers of the Merchant's Magazine are, of
course, “all honorable men,” conscious of their own
integrity, and will not, therefore, consider our co
temporaries’ statements at all applicable in their
case. Still it may be well to read the lecture, for
the gratification of those who feel thankful that
they are “not as as other men.” Men who have nev
er taken offence at the preacher’s generalizing; it is
the “thou art the man’, or the prophet Nathan,
that convicts or arouses the indignation of the sin
ner. But for the homily.
Lying or misrepresentation is of course involved
in almost every instance of gross fraud; hut the
party deceits which are daily practised in the world
are among the most disgusting things in it, and the
spirit which prompts them is found to mar the
character of many whose standing in the eyes of the
world is otherwise very fair. In treating of this
subject, we have no doubt we shall tread on the
corns of some who are tender on this point, but we
have no fear of their crying out; the very men who
allow this vice in themselves to an extent which
would be alarming to them, could they fully realize
their true character, would be crushed before they
would acknowledge it to the world.
The manufacturer will over estimate the cost of
his goods, that his agent may get a good price for
them. The commission merchant will misrepresent
his stock, or profess to have made a cash advance,
which compels him to force the goods off “ruinous
ly low,” when he is all the while chuckling over the
sale. lie will go out with a sample card of the
last case to close an invoice, when he has a “few
more of the same sort left.” lie will assert posi
tively that he lias just sold to A. 13. and C. large
bills of the same kind of goods at much higher pri
ces than he is now asking (all which is imaginary or
grossly exaggerated ,) or that the house addressed
(upon which assertion he assumes a very deferen
tial air), is the only house to whom he would offer
the article in question at so low a rate. The import
er will look you full in the face, and assure you that
his goods cost him more than he is asking you,
when for more you should in truth read less ; or if
lie have hold of a very green'un, will pass off stale
goods which have kept shop most pertinaceously for
years, as new styles just brought out.
The jobber will go from house to house, when he
is purchasing, cheapening goods, telling A that 13 is
underselling him. inflicting the same talc on 13, with
o ucouiauvc mat A has offered, nun the )
same goods at a less price than 13 is now asking ;
and threatening C and D alternately to cease buying
from them, unless each will do as well by him as he
boasts he can obtain of the other. Sometimes if he
has bought a case or bale of goods a little too high,
or when he has them at home, his clerks, (all ol
whom are called to give an opinion on it) think he
has paid too much, he will send back the bill asking
a deduction, saying that he has seen the goods else
where at less price, when the truth is lie has not
seen them iu any other store, and does not know
where else to look for them.
The retailer goes about to buy in the same way,
repeating many imaginary offers of goods which
have been made to him at extraordinary low prices,
and which it is a w onder he did not buy, so much
does the price seem under the market. And yet
when he comes to sell out these very goods, how
obvious he is of the exceeding liberal terms upon
which he could have purchased them ! How valua
ble they have become ! llow- choice the colors and
styles which he so much condemned when buying!
llow cheap do the goods look to him now, that he
pronounced so very dear w hen he purchased them !
What romances will he tell about the cost, the col
ors, or the quality, when displaying them to a cus
tomer !
“Is that the lowest that you can take for these
lawns, Mr. Scissors t”
“Yes Miss, the very best, and a bargain they are;
I bought them at auction, where they were closed
out at a great sacrifice, and I offer them to you pre
cisely at cost.”
“But I saw the same goods over at Shears <fcco’s
at five cents a yard less.”
“NoFthe same goods at all, ma’am —theirs are
steam colors — quite an imitation article, and not
near as wide as these.’’
The lady being timid about colors, is at last per
suaded to pay the price, and the shopkeeper pock
etshis 15 percent profit with as much complacence
as if he had only drawn out his purse to give a dol
lar in charity.
We shall not go on to give the characteristic mis
representations of private customers, or persons who
go about merely to shop, as we are writing princi
pally for merchants. Let none of our readers think
that what we object to is tlie amount oj profit made
by this false dealing : in most instances tho prices
obtained may be none too high. But we object in
toto to the manner in which the thing is done. VY e
$o not believe that this system of deceit, practised
in the various ways we have described, and in a
thousand others to which we cannot now allude, is
at unnecessary to a lucrative business, and its influ
ence upon general character is very bad.
We write very plainly, because we believe that
there is no controverting the statement, that a large
number of persons engaged in trade do daily make
statements in reference to busiuess transactions as
matters of fact, which they and those immediately
about them know to be matters of fiction. It is no
excuse to say that this is the case in all trades and
professions —that every body practices story telling
to serve their own interests. The question is not
whether this deceit is worse for a merchant than
for any other man, but is it wrong or right as a mat
ter of principle ? No one, we think, will argue this
with us, for all mankind in their creed acknowledge
truth as one of the cardinal virtues. Still many
practice its opposite who we are sure would not do it
could they once fully see its evil tendency. Even
as a matter of policy it will not serve long unless
managed with a skill and memory beyond the pow
er of most persons to command. It is not necessa
ry to the character of an expert salesman. I e
true requisites for this area thorough knowledge 04
human nature, perfect command of the business in
hand, courteous manners and a ready tact in adaptr
ing one’s self to the different humours of the vari
ous class of buyers. He who attempts to supply
the place of these with that species of trickery or
cunning which depends upon the forgery of a well
turned tale, will in the end be detected and despi-
“Jn&cpen&tat in all things —Neutral in Nothing, ”
MACON, GEORGIA, FRIDAY MORNING, JULY, 26, 1850.
sed. And those truly respectable merchants, who,
by misrepresentations, however slight, seem to give
countenance to such a course, are doing themselves
and the community a great wrong.
This system of deceit has also a very injurious ef
fect upon young persons just entering upon a mer
cantile education. Example is often more potent
than precept , and many a dishonest clerk has taken
his first lesson in deceit from his employer. The
old addage that “familiarity breeds contempt” is of
questionable truth in any application—and certainly
false in this, that an intimacy with vice lessens our
horror to it, and increases our liability to contract it.
Is it reasonable to expect a boy to be always true to
us, if we daily put lies in his mouth to deceive oth
ers ? What force would liarrangues upon the duty
of morality have upon a young man whose daily
tuition in business led him in an opposite direction ?
“Edward,” says Mr. Bargain, “take this bill down
to E. F. & Co’s, and see if they won’t allow you half
a yard on each piece of these satinetts. You can
tell them, if they ask you, that you measured a piece
or"two, and they fell that much short.”
The boy comes hack in a short time with the de
duction made. “They questioned me pretty close,”
says he, “but I stuck them out of it.” Here his
sense of the morality of the transaction is all swal
lowed up in his anxiety to please his employer and
succeed in his mission; but he has taken his first
lesson in .deceit, and if he prove an apt scholar, who
is most to blame ?
We beg our mercantile friends to think of these
suggestions, and see if any part of them will apply
to themselves. We are none of us quite perfect,
and the best have still room to mend. — Hunt's Mag.
College Reform.
In December, 1849, a meeting of the corporation
of the Brown University was held, when the consid
eration of some changes in the system of education,
was referred to a Committee, of which Professor
Wayland, President of the Institution, was appoint
ed Chairman. At an adjourned meeting held in
March last, the report of the Committee was read,
and it was subsequently ordered to be published.
We have been favored with a copy in pamphlet
form. It is a highly interesting document. The
Committee directed their attention to the system of
University Education in Great Britian—to the pro
gress and present state of University Education in
this country —to proposed reforms and changes, and
to the subject of collegiate degrees. They state
that a College in one of the English Universities is a
foundation composed of a master, tutors, fellows,
and students. The fellows are generally resident
graduates, supported by tlie foundation. The mas
ter has the government of the whole society. The
teaching is done by the tutors. The course, of study,
embraced originally a term of four vears. though
i „i: - -.1—,. years is ucual peri
od of residence for an under-graduate. At Cam
bridge, almost the whole of this time is devoted to
tho study of Greek aud Latin classics.
All the Colleges in this country have in some de
gree been copied from the models thus described in
the Old World. We have made some changes, but
they have not been for the better. But the present
system, the Committee contend, is erroneous, and
tlie result is, that the number of those who are seek
ing a collegiate education, is actually growing less,
and this, moreover, at a time when the subject ot
education has attracted the attention of our whole
community to a degree almost unprecedented in our
history. They therefore urge, that in view of the
past, the present and the future, a system of instruct
ion should be established, adapted to the wants ot
the whole people, and they submit the following
plan :
1. The present system of adjusting collegiate
study to a fixed term of four years, or to any other
term, must be abandoned, and every student be al
lowed, within limits to be determined by statute, to
carry on, at the same time, a greater or less number
of courses as he may choose.
2. The time allotted to each particular course of
instruction would be determined by the nature of
the course itself, and not by its supposed relation to
the wants of any particular profession.
3. The various courses should be so arranged,
that in so far as it is practicable, every student might
study w hat he chose. The Faculty, however, at the
request of a parent or guardian, should have au
thority to assign to any student, such courses as they
might deem for his advantage.
4. Every course of instruction after it has been
commenced, should be continued without interrup
tion until it is completed.
5. In addition to the present courses of instruc
tion, such should be established as the wants of the
various classes of the community require.
6. Every student attending any particular course,
should be at liberty to attend any other that he may
desire.
7. It would be required that no student be ad
mitted as a candidate for a degree, unless be had
honorably sustained his examination. In such stud
ies as may be ordained by the corporation; but no
student would be under any obligation to proceed to
a degree, unless be chose.
8. Every student w r ould be entitled to a certificate
of such proficiency as he may have made in every
course that he has pursued.
The course of instruction to he pursued in this In
stitution might be as follows :
1. —A course of instruction in Latin, occupying
two years.
2. —A course of instruction in Greek, occupying
two years.
3. —A course of instruction in three Modern Lan
guages.
4. —A course of instruction in Pure Mathematics,
two years.
5. —A course of instruction in Mechanics, Optics,
and Astronomy, either with, or without
Mathematical Demonstrations, one and a
half years.
6. —A course of instruction in Chemistry, Physi
ology and Geology, one and a half years.
7. —A course of instruction in the English Lan
guage and Rhetoric, one year.
8. A course of instruction in Moral and Intellect
ual Philosophy, one year.
9. —A course of instruction in Political Economy,
one term.
10. —A course of instruction in History, one
term.
11. A course of instruction in the Science of
Teaching.
12. —A course of instruction on the Principles of
Agriculture.
13__A course of instruction on the Application
of Chemistry to the Arts.
14.—A course of instruction on the Application
of Science to the Arts.
15 __A course of instruction in the Science of Law.
Some of these courses would require a lesson or
lecture every working day of the week, others only
two or three in the week. Any Professor might be
allowed to conduct the studies of more than one
course, fhe could do it with advantage to tlie Insti
tution.
Should this idea be adopted, aud the instruction
given in this College be arranged on these princi
ples, it would be seen that opportunity would be af
forded to modify it as experience should prove de
si l-able. Some courses may be abridged or abolish
ed, and others added or extended. The object of
the change would bo to adapt the Institution to the
wants, not of a class, but of the whole community.
It is by no means to be taken for granted, in a coun
try like our own, that every College is to teach tlie
same studies, and to the same extent. It would be
far better that each should consult the wants of its
own locality, and do that best, for which it possess
ed the greatest facilities. Here would arise oppor
tunity for diversified forms of excellence; the knowl
edge most wanted would the more easily become dif
fused, and the general progress of science would
receive an impulse from every institution of learning
in our land.
It is justly argued that many young men who in
tend to enter the professions, are unwilling or unable
to spend four years in the preparatory studies at
College. They would, however, cheerfully spend
one or two years in such studies, if they were al
lowed to select such branches of study as they chose.
If we except the ancient languages, there are but
few of the studies now pursued in college, which, it
well taught, would not be attractive to young men
preparing for any of the active departments of life.
The scheme here embodied is one of great import
ance, and aims at a thorough revolution of the sys
tem of College instruction. The idea is, to allow stu
dents an opportunity to adapt their studies to the
particular calling to which they intend to apply
themselves. Tlie whole story is told iu a single re
mark, by Professor Wayland, that we have in this
country one hundred and twenty Colleges, forty-two
Theological Seminaries, and forty-seven Law schools,
and we have not a single Institution designed to
furnish the agriculturist, the manufacturer, the me
chanic or tho merchant, with the education that will
prepare him for the profession to which his life is to
be devoted. Our Institutions of learning have gen
erally been endowed by the wealth of the product
ive classes of society. It is surely unjust, that a sys
tem should be universally adopted which practically,
excludes them from the benefits which they have
conferred upon others. — Inquirer.
From the Merchants’ (N. Y.) Day Book.
PAPERS ON TOBACCO.
BY A WOMAN.
X g®- 3 ’ 1 said about the use of tobacco by
ministers and physicians. It seems to me mere is more ex
cuse for allopathic physicians and ministers for indulging in
the use of tobacco than for any other class of men, poisoners
excepted. The regular faculty believe in poisoning, and
there is no good reason why they should be excluded from
their own creed. As for ministers, they are shut out from
amusements and manual employment, and under such cir
cumstances it is very natural that they shfiuld get into some
sort of mischief, and public opinion exhonorates them from
all blame if they destroy health, life and usefulness by tobac
co, and so far from being deposed, or expelled from the
church for this semi-suicide, they have their expenses paid
on an European tour for tho recovery of their health. And
sometimes the only use of their migration seems to be to
keep the moths from cabins, state rooms, and other apart
ments appropriated to their use, and piously exercise the pa
tience of friends and others, upon whom they are quartered
in their pilgrimage after health.
It is thought by some that in the days of primitive Chris
tianity, spittoons were not articles of church furniture, and
that the fervor and eloquence of Paul and others were never
enhanced by “ fine cut” or “ regalia.”
Some vears ago the almost universal prevalence of bron
chitis among ministers caused much enquiry. The people
have begun to look for causes in the 19th century. It was
found that preaching in churches so badly ventilated that the
air was palpably paralysing every nerve by tobacco, and com
mitting many other sins against health, was quite sufficient
ta cause bronchitis, or as it was commonly called, the minis
ters’ disease. Os all the cases of ministerial bronchitis which
I have seen, I have never seen one that was not accompanied
by the use of tobacco; still there may be such cases, for
people may do themselves sufficient wrong to earn the dis
ease in other ways, but one of the readiest ways to procure it
is to take this narcotic poison. It is a melancholy fact, that
if our juinisters know the best way to heaven, they do not
always know the best way on earth.
One oi the most uncomfortable sins connected with the
use of tobacco is the sin against decency, trorn the pro
faned pulpit to the filthiest bar room its noisome exhalations
arc everywhere. Men are moving pest houses, in which
tobacco is stored, to be exhaled by the breath and the skin,
and one must be shut up from his kind entirely, or he breathes
of necessity the evil. If you pledge yourself not to take the
weed, you must go out of the world to keep the pledge.
Ladies who have a horror of tobacco are sadly punished for
all attraction to the “ gentlemen.” Enter the studio of the
artist and you find a palpable offense in the atmosphere, if
not in the brain of its occupant. The minister brings pro
mising texts of scripture, with a poisonous breath, to com
fort the aftlieted. ♦The poet repeats tho verse all redolent of
the weed; and numberless stories and editorials are spas
modic with it, and valuable for kindling coal fires.
The plagues of this poison are legion. The development
and harmony of humanity alone can deliver us from them
entirely.
The German physiologists estimate that out of twenty
deaths of men between the age of eighteen and thirty-five
years, one half originate in the waste of tho constitution by
smoking.
Several years ago some oarefully collected statistics on
tobacco consumption were published by the Rev. Mr. Fowler.
These estimates must fall a good deal below the actual amount
at present consumed, but these might be sufficiently alarmiDg
if thing could alarm the people on this subject.
Mr. Fowler estimates the annual cost of the article at
$10,000,000; the time lost by its use, $12,000,000; and
the pauper tax that it occasions, $3,000,000.
The consumption of tobacco in this country is eight times
as great as in France, and three times as great as in England,
according to the population. Americans are excessive in
every thing, from morus multicaulis and tobacco to a rush for
California.
Medical writers give the following symptoms as results of
the habitual use of tobacco in any form. Though all these
symptoms may never occur in any one case, yet they are the
aggregate of the symptoms in different cases. Dizziness or
pain in the head, dimness of sight and occasional temporary
loss of. sight.
It is true when the nervous energy is wasted in expelling
poison, the circulation of the blood is, impeded, and conges
tion of the brain and pain in the head is a very common con
sequence. There is also neuralgia or nervous pain in the
head.
Dimness of sight, and occasionally temporary loss of sight.
The optic nerve suffers from the poison with all the other
nerves, and hence one reason for the forest of spectacles we
see everywhere.
Paleness or sallownea9 of complexion.—Ths skin becomes
clouded and sallow for tlie reason that the nervous power
which should make it dear, fresh and healthful, is struggling
with or lying prone under poison and canuot therefore do its
legitimate work.
Sinking, or pain at the pit of the stomach.—Few persona
seems to be aware that digestion is a nervous process. That
health of the nervous system is needed to carry on healthy
and painless digestion. If the nerves are exhausted of their
vital energy, and diseased by any means, by excessive labor,
by dissipation, or poisoning, the stomach being largely sup
plied with nerves, and digesting our food by means of the
vitality of these nerves, fails in its work and gives notice of
its failure by pain or sinking faintness.
An enfeebled state of the voluntary muscles manifested
sometimes by trembling of the hands, sometimes by weak
ness or hoarseness of the voice. The nerves govern our
motions, and also the voice, hence disease of the nerves will
affect both.
Another symptom is disturbed sleep and a starting from
the early slumbers with a sense of suffocation. Men bargain
for restlessness and nightmare, and pay for it by the use of
tobacco, and then go to the doctor to cure them of the
poison by a worse one perlxaps, if a worso can be found.
Epileptic and convulsive fits are caused by tobacco. These
are diseases entirely nervous.
Confusion or weakness of the mental faculties, peevishness
or irritability of temper, instability of purpose are given as
consequences of the use of tobacco by honest medical men ;
whether the users will be honest enough to plead guilty to
these effects I am unable to guess.
Seasons of great depression of spirits, long fits of melan
choly and despondency, and in some cases, entire and per
manent mental derangement have been caused by the habitual
use of tobacco.
Indeed, it is to be feared, that the buoyant, springing life
of health which bears oue up with an ever sustaining rest in
the midst of arduous effort, is unknown to the tobacco user.
He may have delicious dreams at times amid the intoxication
of the weed, but he pays dearly for them iu the ills we are
enumerating. The steady, even flow of joyful health cannot
depend on a hat-tull of cigars.
But there is another consequence of the use of tobacco
tliat is frequently seen, and this is palsy—and this is em
phatically the disease of an exhausted nervous system. The
nerves in their struggle with the poison become exhausted
and loaded with it, the consequence is paralysis in its various
forms from a palsied limb to himiplegia or completeness.
The mode in which people accustom themselves to take
tobacco is one of the strongest proofs of its poisonous nature.
It is only by stealing into the system by little and little, grad
ually debauching the powers of life, that any one can take it.
Most men have the same experience as a little boy some
seven years of age, who was heard to say to a little playmate
of about the same age, “ When I first began to smoke it
. . , , , . .. not make me
made me as sick as a horse, but no'” **
sick at all.”
TV lien to I'"*'’ 1 '"*'’ lo uiK6U 111 small quantities the vital energy
not alarmed, and the strong effort is not made to expel,
that is made when the quantity is large. Thus grain after
grain is introduced, and remains in the system oppressing the
nerves, diseasing all the tissues, clouding the mind, causing
different kinds of illness, and a craving for more with an
appetite as insatiable as the grave.
And yet people who use tobacco will assure us that they
enjoy perfect health. In their dictionary, perfect health is
defined as having headache, dizziness, dyspepsia, low spirits,
numbness of the limbs, perhaps with a prickling sensation,
sure forerunner of palsy, and a great many other troubles
that they feel obliged to resort to tobacco or some other sti
mulus, or the doctor to cure. If the physician tells them to
leave tobacco, thov at once conclude that “he does not un
derstand their case.” Like the drunkard they feel better for
taking tobacco, shall they not take what makes them feel bet
ter 7 They have a high value for their own experience and
that is decidedly in favor of tobacco.
From the Baltimore American.
The Census BUI.
The Census Bill having passed both Houses of Congress
and received the signature of the President is now a law.
Its provisions are very full, precise and discriminating; and
as a piece of legislation it is worthy of the age, its progress
and increasing civilization.
An important feature was added to the Bill in the form of
an amendment offered by Mr. Vinton in the House of Rep
resentatives. This clause enacts that if provision shall not
be made by Congress to take the census iu 1860 by the first
of June, the present Act shall remain iu force, and the Secre
tory of the Interior is empowered to proceed at once in the
work. In connection with this, it is further provided that
until anew apportionment of representation in the Lower
House shall be made by Congress the number of members in
the House shall not exceed two hundred and thirty-three.
Two matters of importance and often of great difficulty are
here simplified and made definite and easy. When the cen
sus returns all come in, the Secretary of the Interior taking
the aggregate federal population of the United States and
dividing the whole number by two hundred and thirty-three
may ascertain at once what is to be the ratio of representa
tion. It will then be a very simple matter to allot to each
State the number of Representatives to which it is entitled,
and to notify the Governor of the same. That brief process
is all that is necessary, should this Act remain permanent, in
order to arrange the troublesome business of new apportion
ments every ten years.
The Census Act contains six schedules of which an ab
stract may not be uninteresting:
The first relates to the free inhabitants, and the name of
every one, with his abode on the first of June, is to be given.
Profession, occupation, place of birth, married or single, age
deaf or dumb, pauper or convict, insane or idiot, white,
black, non-ability to read, if over twenty years of age, are all
to be given.
Schedule two, relates to slave inhabitants, the owners of
slaves and the number of slaves ; the fugitives from the slave
States, and the number manumitted, with their age, sex,
color, and natural afflictions.
Schedule three, relates to productions of agriculture; to
the names of owners, agents and managers; the acres of
and unimproved ; the cash value of farm, and
value of farming implements; the horses, mules and asses;
the working oxen, milch cows, and other cattle ; the shoep
and swine; value of live stock, and of animals slaughtered
during the year; tlie bushels of wheat, beans, peas, buck
wheat, barley, potatoes. (Irish and sweet) clover, grass seed,
rye, corn, oats, flax seed, the pounds of r>ee and tobacco, the
bales of ginned cotton (400 lbs. each) the value of orchard
products, market gardens, pounds of cheese and butter, flax, 1
hops, silk caooons and maple sugar, tons of water and dew
rotted hemp, hogsheads of sugar, (1000 pounds each) gal
lons of molasses, and value of home made manufactures.
Schedule four, names the products of industry, the name
of each corporation, oompany, or individual producing an
nually articles of the value of SSOO, each kind of business,
capital invested in real and personal estate; quantity, kind,
and value of raw material used, including fuel, the kind of
motive power, the average number of hands employed, the
number and cost of male and female labor, and the annual
quantity, kind and value of each product.
Schedule five , relates to social statistics, as the aggregate
value of real and personal estate; the State, county, parish,
town and road tax; the colleges, academies, schools, free
anti otherwise ; the amount raised for soltools, a til received
for them from public funds $ the libraries and newspapers ;
the public paupers, and their color, birth and cost: Sunday
schools; the churches, their name, and the number each
will accommodate; the criminals convicted and iu prison
during the year ; the average of wages by the year, mouth
and day, and whether with Or without board; and the aver
age and short crops.
Schedule six, asks for the name of every person who died
during the year; the age, sex, color, whether married or
single, mouth of death, place of birth, disease, profession or
trade.
Thus ends die list, comprising ninety-two questions in tho
six schedules. The information expected is ns to the year
ending J une 1,1850.
(Original
Talley of Diamonds.
BY T. H. CHIVERS, M. D.
XXVII.
Man is a compound being of soul and body. His
body is a vitalized unit, resulting from tbe aggrega
tion of its manifold parts, wbieh is the expression, or
manifestation, of the relations which the toul sus
tains to Nature, to Man, and to God. The power
of this expression, or manifestation, is precisely in
proportion to the vitality of the Organic and Animal
Man, resulting from the reciprocal vital action of
each part. The organs of Animal Life connect him
with the External World. The organs of organic life
assimilate the nutritive edibles of the world, by the
vitality inherent in each organ, to his body, or ag
gregate unitary whole. This compound nature, iu
unity, constitutes the normal evolution of his indi
vidual life in Time. His first transformation takes
place at birth; the last, at death. Hut, from his
birth to his death, there is a manifest difference in
the capacity of these two lives, (the Organic and the
Animal,) to manifest themselves in the normal
state, which connects him with. Nature, with Man
and with God. It is the most perfect in his man
hood.
Now, in passing from his infancy to his old age,
he is not only, through his Organic and Animal Life,
a Numeral, but a Functional Man —that is, he is a
Numcro-Functional being —because, as I hav e before
said, he is au unit of an aggregation of organs all
at work, within themselves, to build themselves up
into the Perfect Man. When they are all healthy,
and perform their various offices uninterruptedly,
(and in the time prescribed by the Deitvjdhey main
tain themselves, and Man, through tl*m.,in a nor
mal coi.jUkion r i j tuamvaiu the Organ
ic and Animal Life iu a healthy condition, hut they
enable these two Lives to manifest the inuate do
sires and aspirations of the soul in a normal manner.
As long as this is the case, there is a synchronico
musical relation kept up between them, which evin
ces itself into tbe harmonious relations which sub
sist between the soul, (which presides over them)
and the external world. The expression of this vi
tal relation between the various organs of the body,
(which is the innate language of the pure life,) is
rhythmical. Man is a triological unity—he is made
up out of soul, body and spirit. This tripartite nature
of his being was fully recognised by St. Paul. Now,
it is plain that whenever any discord takes place in
the melodious relations which subsist between these
organs during their normal functional action, which
constitutes the unity of the two Lives, (the Organic
and the Animal,) a corresponding abnormal action
must exist in the soul—as it is only through a heal
thy body that the soul can be truly manifested. It
is in this state that the true Physician can see the
necessity in Nature of a Medical Botany, which
shall so correspond with bis abnormal condition, as,
by a Scientific Combination, will restore it back
to its primitive normal condition again, Then will
the soul be manifested in its true nature as before.
It is by the functional inequality of all the organs
of Organic and Animal Life, that the Harmony of
the unitary Man is made up. It is by maintaining
this perfect state that he can act oui the will of God
upon the earth —or, in other words, live out the
pure excelsior life.
Now, it is worthy of remark, that the progressive
increase iiytunctional perfection of all these organs
of Organic and Animal Life, down to their decrease
and dissolution, is typed in the menstrual changes
which take place in the pale-faced satellite of the
Earth —the Moon. Thus, Man has his beginning,
or transition of being in time, at birth, which cor
responds w ith the first phasis of the Moon; his pe
riod of increase from infancy to youth, which cor
responds with her apogee, or full; his period of de
crease in old age, which corresponds with her change
from her apogee back to New Moon again; and hie
end, euthanasian-metamorphosis, called death,
which corresponds with her return upon herself
back into New Moon again, in an everlasting round
of changing, (still remaining the same sweet Moon,
as Man the same being,) forever typing, through all
time, his progression and declension. Tims, Man
becomes hierarchialized among his peers in Time.
Man’s nature is also typed by the Morning, Noon
and Evening of the day. The Morning answers to
his youth ; the high Noon, (which is tho luminous
apogee,) to his Manhood; and the Evening to his
decline. So, the various seasons, Spring, Summer,
Autumn, and Winter. The reason of this is, be
cause there is a definite relation subsisting between
the body of Man, (which is the image of the Body
of Heaven,) and the*Sacred Numbers of the Sun
and Moon, —the heavenly “Signs, and Times , an l
Days , and Years,'’ of the “ Father of the Ages' *
Read what the prophetic scriptures of the inspired
L>aniel say of the astromioal cycles. The “time,
times, and the dividing of timesP make forty-two
prophetic Moons, or 1260 days or years. God cre
ated the world iu six days. A thousand years to
Him are as one day. The sun-clad woman of the
apocalypse, who was pregnant with the Divine
promise, of the ever-blessed Messiah, trod, in her
travail, through the tardy to her consuma
ted glory in the Heavens, wish the “ Moon beneath
her feet.”
Thus the Moon was made her minister during
the long lapse of ages in which the unborn “ desire
of the Nations ,” reposed in her bosom. But when
his final transmutation takes place in his Ultimate
State, his soul, in harmony with the Universal Sotil
sliall enjoy an eternal youth, above sickness, in tho
Paradise of God. He shall there undergo no more
transmutations, nor be liable to those diseases which
are incident to a life susceptible of change in time.
This is the difference between tbe Present and the
Ultimate State of Man. The formula of his life
consists in an eternal aspiration, or ceaseless desire,
to assimilate itself to the Infinite source of all
things. A3 the subterrestial radices, in all their
j manifold ramifications, are the'types of the capillary
NO. 18.
