Newspaper Page Text
VOL. I.
4SI
Jill
jLji£lL.
€\)t fergia Citiini.
■ & - - : : i. ‘ i:
L. F. W. ANDREWS, Editor.
MACON, GA. DEC. 28, 1850.
Macon Cotton Market.
December 28.
Prices have advanced since our last report fully 1-2 cent
per lb., occasioned by more favorable accounts per “ Africa.”
showing 1-8 a 1-2 and. advance in Liverpool.
We quote fair 12 cents —middling fair 11 5-8 all 3-4.
Oar Half Sheet. —To give all hands a little recrea
tion in this season of festivity , we print only a half sheet the
present issue. The deficiency will be made up to those who
take exception thereto.
New Years.- -The Carrier of the “ Georgia Citlren ”
, would respectfully inform those whom he has weekly served
with this Journal, that liis Benefit will come off on Wednes
day next, and he hopes that his opening “ Address ” will, in
theatrical parlance, be a Bumper.”
BY TELEGRAPH.
For the Georgia Citizen.
Atlanta, Dec. 26, —8 o'clock p. m.
The citizens of Chattanooga, indignant at the outrageous !
condition of the Stale Rail Road, held a meeting yesterday
morning—Resolutions were unanimously passed—condemn
ing its management and pledging themselves not to ship any
thing by it until a radical change—for the better—is wrought.
I told you it would come to this. G A BRILL.
Macon High School . —The attention of the reader j
is invited to the announcement in to-day's paper of the open
ing of this Institution, on Monday the 6th day of January next.
The prospectsof the school are highly flattering, and rve have
every reason to believe that under the enlightened adminis
tration of the Rector and his assistants, Professors Ryan and
Hancock, Macon will shortly have that most desirable thing
an efficient and thorough home Education in all branches, use
ful and practical.
Sadden Death. —We are pained to record the sudden |
demise of a very worthy man and citizen, Mr. Geo. W. Tall
in edge, on Saturday evening last, at his
Mr. T mdispose<l, iu the morning of that May, dr, .
not go to his usual employment, but remained at home.—
In the afternoon he went into his garden and engaged in some
light business about the premises, and at dusk returned into
the house. His wife took a lamp down to light, when Mr.
T. attempting to assist her, by blowing the coal which she
held, his spirit exhaled in the effort and he fell over on the
floor a corpse ! On Wednesday evening previous, the de
ceased,had the first and only symptom of an unpleasant charac
ter, and this consisted of a sudden and somewhat severe,
though temporary pain in the region of the heart, which how
ever, did not prevent his attention to business the two follow
ing days. On a post-mortem examination, nothing was found
to elucidate the cause of his sudden death. Ilis remains
were escorted to Rose Cemetery on Sunday evening, by a
large concourse of Odd Fellows and the Macon Volunteers,
Capt. Conner, of which bodies Mr. T. was an esteemed mem
ber.
Mr. T. was in the 33d year of his age—was a native of
Philadelphia, where his widowed mother resides, and has
left a wife, two sisters and a half-brother in this city, to mourn
his decease.
To the Uoion Men of Macon.— ln face of the
fact, as recently developed, that the Fire Eaters in
tended, if they had found themselves a majority of
the people instead of a contemptible minority, to
hang or drive out of the State all Union men and
confiscate their estates unless they took the test oath
suggested by Gov. Troup and other leaders of that
party, we desire to ask the Union men of Macon,
now they can reconcile it to themselves to aid in pla
cing such men in power at the approaching Municip
al election ? Will it not be placing a club in our
enemies’ hands to dash our own brains out ? We
ate of that opinion, decidedly. What though some
of us are not altogether satisfied with the Union
Ticket, is that any reason why we should oppose it
to the advantage of our opponents! Such a course
is suicidal in the extreme, and can only be justified
by strong personal obligations to an opposing candi
date or from a conscientious sense of the unworthi
ness of those on the Union Ticket. This last is with
out the shadow of pretence, and we hope, therefore,
that a proper respect for their principles will induce
•very Union man in the city, to vote the 1 icket—the
whole ticket, and nothing but the ticket presented
for their suffrages, f
Going to Seed !—There is a fine crop of gallows
bird* maturing, among the juveniles of this oity, which will
not take long to ripen into a plentiful harvest, if the city au
thorities and parents and guardians do not take immediate
■trps to arrest the evil. The rowdy scenes enacted, during
thi* week, by gangs of vicious and unruly boys, from 8 to 18
years of age, would do credit to the purlieus of the famous
°r rather infamous “ Five Points ” of Gotham. May we
not hope, that when our approaching municipal election is
°er, there will be more efficiency among the Marshals and
eity authorities to preserve order, than is now deemed coin-
Ptible with electioneering prudence ?
Behind the Excitement ! —Our very esteemed and
dignified cotemporary of the Savannah “Republican” has
| forgotten that there is such a Union pajjer as the ‘Georgia Citi
*rn.’ If being the first to take the field and the last to leave
it constitute any claim to honorable mention among the‘faith
ful’ surely that ‘best abused paper’ the Citizen, should not
o soon have faded from the tablets of the Republican's raem
pry: But it no matter. We find an excuse for the omis-
I in the ‘hurry and confusion’ incident to collating the ‘lat
est news’ and placing it right before his numerous readers,
HogS I HogS !—Some 400 head of Swine were brought
down the Macon & Western Road, on TVednesday, in front
°fthe passenger train, for this market. Me welcome the
but a passenger says that when the wind blows aft
kora the pork pens, as was the case, Wednesday, the odor
ar >)’ thing but otto of roses to the olfactories.
™. ' ■ ‘ ‘ ... ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ *” “
Carolina Banks —Some of our eoteinporaries, who
have heretofore been loudest in condemnation of the policy of
chartering new Banks in Georgia, have suddenly become ad
vocates for the agencies of such Institutions belonging to other
States, and bitterly denounce those Editors who have thought
it prudent to warn the public against South Caroliua Bank
ing operations, in the present Revolutionary state of that Co
mmonwealth ! Why these denunciations, Mr. Albany Patri
ot, for you are one of those who have assumed the champ
ionship of South Carolina in the present matter ? Why do
you assume, that hatred for the people of Palmettodom is at
the bottom of the caution given? M’hy not publish the ar
ticle to which you have alluded, and show the bearing of
the same in connexion with the speedy prospective secession
of South Carolina f When a journalist throws out an impu
tation against the motives of others, it invites enquiry into
its own reasons of action ; aud are therefore justified in
enquiring of the Patriot, whether any bonus of the South
Carolina currency has lately found its way into its pri
vate Ireasury? We merely ask for information, especially,
as, not long since, the influence of that press and its Senato
rial friend, was used against the people of a neighboring coun
ty obtaining a Bank Charter ? There must be some good rea
son for this favoritism for foreign Bank agencies, at the ex
pense of the people of Georgia, which will justify the charge
of malicious intent against the people of a sister State. For
ourselves we disdain the imputation. M’e have many cher
ished friends in South Carolina; men whose interests we
should protect as soon and as strongly as our own. Never
theless, when we see and know that even in that State, there
has, lately, been a sharp controversy, on the subject of the
State Bank of S. Carolina, which leads to suspicion as to the
sound management of the institution, per se, among the citi
zens of Palmettodom, and when we know that the Suite
is mediuuing a measure of alienation from the confederacy
which will make her a Foreign power or place her in a state
of revolt , we would be faithless to our trust, did we not warn
our fellow-citizens against confiding too implicity in her
Bank ‘promises to pay.’
Add to the above another consideration. The Bank of
Charleston is a Bank Monster, whose Brierian arms extend
to every nook and corn-rof our Southern Commercial world.
Its agencies are numerous and its funds are scattered wide
ly among the planters of Georgia and other States. Now,
suppose a political revulsion should take place—such as South
Carolina seems disposed to bring about, what will be conse
qence to the holders of Charleston paper ? Great loss will
be inevitable, because persons at a distance cannot know of
events in time to put oft - the currency at par , while those near
the Bank will have that opportunity. Thence, there is good
reason for the caution given, and hence also, a sufficient mo
tive is presented to every patriotic Georgian to give prefer
ence to the Banks of his own State over those of other States,
which are enshrouded by eireusmtauces of doubt and suspi
cion.
P. S. Since writing the above we have received the follow
ing article touching the proposed drafts to be made upon the
State Bank of South Carolina, to place that State in a posi
tion of defence. It confirms fully our suggestion of caution
against hording up any such currency :
“As this institution has a large circulation in this and the
adjoining States, we copy from the Charleston Mercury, the
subjoined article, showing the drafts likely to be made upon
its means by tjie State.*. ffijijeh .may •? pqJCti/ularly r’t&restv&g
io the holders of its bills. The institution has, according to
the statements of citizens of that State, been in a very crip
pled condition for years, sustaining its credit by a system of
“ Kiteing ,” and the confidence of bill holders in the plighted
faith of the State. In truth, at no period within a number of
years could it have redeemed its circulation without great sa
crifices, and if the drafts contemplated by the committee on
Ways and Means of the Legislature be made upon its avail
able means, il gjhooves the bill holders to look to their inter
ests at the earliest” jrossible day.”— Aug. Chron. Dec. 20.
A Venal Press. — M’e had occasion last week, to speak,
rather discourteously, of the Montgomery Alabama Adver
tiser, on account of its late malicious and false charge against
us, of publishing incendary matter in our columns. M’e “an
swered a fool according to liis folly,” and to show that the
“ lie direct ” was the only suitable answer to such a charge,
from such a venal source, we copy from a subsequent number,
the following specimen of that paper's usual style of billings
gate against those who “ come between the wind and its no
bility.” It is speaking of Messrs Toombs aud Stephens’ par
ticipation in the Milkdgeville proceedings, and says :
“ M T e hope the people will pause and think ere they lend
themselves to the purposes of these selfish demagogues. A
lexander 11. Stephens, if he were to receive liis just reward
from the Southern people, would be sunk so low by their curs
es that “the hand of resurrection would never reach him.”
He it was that contributed, more than any other man, to
keep open the question of slavery in the territories, that the
agitation of slavery might enure to the election of Gen. Taylor.
Now, with impudence of a harlot and the knavery of a black
leg, be recommends the organization of a “Union party !”
The miserable trickster! —Does he think the people are fools,
that they will become the dupes of such as he ? That they
will forget his treason to those who made him what he is,
committed but yesterday—and to-day give heed to his prag
matical advice of what is neessary for the general welfare ?
Mr. Toombs is entitled to very little more consideration
than Mr. Stephens. He has swallowed without effort the
sentiments that he once uttered with a forked tongue in be
half of the constitutional rights of his countrymen. lie has
enthisowu words—and his advice concerning a Union party
is as worthless and as heartless as was liis late exposition of
‘ their wrongs and defence of their rights.”
Now, to call one of Georgia’s Represen latives, a “selfish
demagogue,” “ impudent harlot;” “black-leg,” “ trickster,”
<fce., may all be consistent with South Carolina chivalry when
occupying the Editoral tripod of an Alabama Fire-Eating
Journal, but it is so little to our taste that we beg leave to de
cline its further association, for fear that its “evil communica
tions will corrupt the good manners” of those in our employ
ment.
Postage Reform. — The Post Master General rcc
-1 ommends a uniform rate of Postage on Newspapers, by
i which the mammoth blanket Sheets of the Northern Cities
are sent to every part of the L nited States, at the same rate
that country newspapers, of one fourth the size, are sent a
dozen miles! There is no sense or justice in such an une
qual system of postal arrrangement. It is giving power to
the City Press to monopolize the newspapar circulation of the
whole country. To remedy the inequality, country newspa
pers should lc carried free to any point, within the state in
which they are printed, or within 100 miles of the printing of
fice out of the State.
M’e are not sure, either, that the reduction of letter postage
to the minimum standard proposed, is likely to be servicea
ble to the Southern community, in general. Business men
in cities will be benefitted, but we f.-ar, that there will be less
service performed and less mail facilities provided through
the country, at large. If such a contingency is not provided
agaipst, we believe the proposed reduction will be prejudicial
and not beneficial.
The M’asliington Correspondent of the Boston Atlas, an
abolition paper of the worst stamp, writes as follows;
“ Before the opening of the session, it was a question
whether the Fugitive Slave Law could be repealed or modi
fied at present; and among others I was willing to believe it
might. Tiie lapse of a fortnight, together with what has
since transpired convinces me that it cannot fcf.”
“Jn&qjen&ent in all things in Notl)ing,”
MACON, GEORGIA, SATURDAY MORNING, DECEMBER 28, 1850.
Awful Accidents.. —The steamers Anglo Saxon and
Knoxville recently blew up at New Orleans, killing several
individuals, and maiming others for life. And on the 16tli
inst. the steamer South America, from Cincinnati, took fire a
few miles above Bayou Sara, and was totally destroyed to
the keel, in 20 minutes, by which awful calamity 25 persons,
some of them U. S. troops, on their way to Texas, lost their
lives!
Jenny Lind in Charleston. — Tho Nightingale
and suite arrived in Charleston on Monday last. She was
to give two concerts, one on Thursday ovening and the other
to-night.
- ii
Virginia • —Gov. Floyd of Virginia, sent a *
message to the Legislature, iu which.he characterized the re
cent action in the \ ernmut Legislature as .an injury and an
insult to the whole South, and remarks that it demands an
instant settlement of an issue which has so long distracted
the country. For the restoration of complete and effectual
harmony, tho Governor recommends the Legislature to in
vite all the States of the Union to unite in sending delegates
to represent the whole people in a general convention, at Bal
timore, or some other convenient or central point, not later
than May next. He further recommends that the State of
\ irginia, speaking through her Legislature, appeal earnest
ly and sincerely to her sister States of the South, to postpone
any extreme action in relation to present difficuties until the
result of the deliberation of such a convention should be
known, lie concludes by saying, the motto of the South
must be, as it has been, “ Union if wo can—independence, if
we must.”
.HARRIED,
On the 18th inst., at M’eewokaville, Ala., by the Rev. Da
vid A. Peebles, Mr. M’m. M\ Taylor, of this eity, to Miss
Sarah E. Pope, eldest daughter of Col. Thomas L. Pope, of
Talladega county, Ala.
[Friend T. requests us to “say to all the boys, that if they
wish to prove successful with their lady loves, to be 6ure and
subscribe for and send them a copy of the Georgia Citizen.
Tell them I've tried it, and know it to be true.” This is a
fact, worthy of note. T. not only sent the Citizen, as a week
ly remembrance to his lady love, but a copy also to the lady’s
father, to another Post Office! The result is on record, os
above stated. To the Junior Bachelors and widowers we say
“Go and do likewise.”
LETTER from ATLANTA.
Atlanta, Ga., Dec. 23, 1850.
Dear Doctor : —I fed much indebted to you for your kind
ness in transmitting to me a slip from the “Montgomery Ad
vertiser ” of tho 17th instant, in reference to myself, and for
your generous defence. Although I was prepared to henr
some dissatisfaction expressed at my appointment, by that class I
of politicians who look to Palmettodom for their cue, and
felt sure that the enemies of the administration would seize
upon it as a fitting opportunity to’ scatter the Administra
tion with a due quantity of their f did nii’id-roj ovjueet
that any editor, in chronicling the lid binl to thciV val- i
to bare-faced falsehood in order t n. ~Y®
TiWiFAuft niy SoiAiuenoeif. ire integrity"or
in some measure, misplaced. The editors of the “Montgomtor
ry (Ala.) Advertiser,’’ and of several South-Cnrolina journal jy
have accused me of writting an “incendiary letter ” to yofft
paper, and iutimated that the appointment which I now h(d
from the Federal Government was conferred as a “ rowan!.’’
They have likewise asserted that the appointment is obn#x
ious to this community. These statements and insinuations
are false; and I beg the privilege, through your columns* to
brand their authors as wilful and malicious liars.
Regarding, as I have, the leaders of the recent Dieunipn
agitation as Traitors to and enemies of my Country, I have
written and spoken of them of bitterness and scorn.
I have 6een no sufficient j their conduct since the re
cent election (at which the People of our glorious old Com
monwealth so effectually condemned their unholy efforts) to
authorize a change in my feelings towards them. Consequent
ly; I hold them now, as heretofore— enemies of my Coun
try—-alike unworthy the confidence and friendship of a pat
riotic people.
Very truly Tours, C. R. IIANLEITER.
€aa^,j-
Standing Commiti* *. the Senate.
On For sign Relations - f jf| .as, Manguui, Phelps,
and Douglass. h
On Finance —Hunter, Bright, Pearce, Benton and Ew
ing.
On Commerce —llandin, Soule, Davis, of Massachusetts,
Dodge, of M’iseonsin, and Bell.
On Manufactures —Sebastian, Clemens, Clarke; James,
and Upham.
On Agriculture —Sturgeon, Turney, Spruancc, M’alkcr,
and Chase.
On Military Affairs —Davis, of Mississippi, Borland,
Green, Shields,aud Dawson.
On the Militia —Houston, Dodge, of M’isconsin, Morton,
Clemens, and Sprunnce.
On Naval Affairs —Yulee, Mason, Badger, Miller, and
Gwin.
On Public Lands —Felch, Shields, M'inthrop, Fremont,
and Smith.
Oa Private Land Claims —Downs, M’liitcomb, Davis, of
Mass. Baldwin, nnd Chase.
On Indian Affairs —Atchison, Sebastian, Bell, Rush, and
Wiles.
On Claims —Norris, M’hiteomb, Underwood, Baldwje
an and Pratt. ‘ ft
On the Judiciary —Butler, Downs, Berrien, Bradkur
and Dayton. if
On Revolutionary Claims —M’nlker, Upham, Dodga,
of lowa, Cooper and Chase. j
On the Yost office and Post Roads —Rusk, Bright, Up
ham, Soule, and Morton.
On Roads and Canals —Bright, Atchison, Green, Pratt,
and Spruanee.
On Pensions —Jones, Phelps, Dayton, Hale, and Bor
land.
On the District of Columbia —Mason, Yulce, Miller,
Shields, and Berrien.
On Patents and the Paient Offiee-— Turney, Norris,
Wales, M'hitcomb, and Dawson.
On 7 errilories —Douglas, Underwood, Houston, Cooper,
and Seward.
Mr. Cass, on his motion, was excused from service on the
Committee on Foreign Relations.
On motion of Mr. Cass,
Ordered , ‘lhat the vacancy be filled by the President pro
tempore.
*A friend has just got down a couple of negroes
from a distant plantation in Arkansas, and they are
yet pretty nearly as green as black. ‘Mo,’ said friend
Charley, ‘tell Ned to get me a cocktail.’ But Ned
who knew but little more than Mo, was missing, and
in a few minutes Mo brought, his thirsty master a
bundle of fresh feathers, apologizing that as he
could not chase up the rooster , he had been compel
led to pluck the hen feathers of an imprisoned pul
let, but offered to make another effort after the cock
i if hjs master would wait a while longer.
The Bounty Land Law. — M T e learn, from the Pension
Office that, in answer to various inquiries relative to the boun
ty land act of September 28, 1850, decissions have been made
as follows:
1. That where the service has been rendered by n substi
tute, ho is the person entitled to th# benefit and not his em
ployer. [This is in accordance with the first statement made,
but contrary to a brief letter published lately.]
2. That the widow of a soldier who has rendered the ser
vice required by the law is entitled to bounty land, provided
she was a widow at the passage of the law, although blic may
have been married several times ; or although her marriage
to the officer or soldier may have taken place after he left the
service; but if not a widow when the law passed, the bene
fit of the act inures to the minor children of the deceased sol
r^lier.
‘3. That no person who has received or is entitled to
bounty land under a prior law is entitled to the benefit of the
act of 28th Sept. 1850.
4. That no soldier is entiled to more than one warrant un
der this act, although he may have served soveral terms ; but,
where a soldier has served several terras, lie will receive a
warrant for the greatest quantity of land in which the several
terms consolidated will entitle him.
5. In all cases where any portion of the marine corps in
the several wars referred to in the act of the 28th September,
j 1850, were embodied with the army in the field, and per
formed service as a portion of the line of the army, tho ma
rines who so served, if they served tho time required by law,
and were honorably discharged, are entitled to land.
No Seaman, nor any other person belonging to the navy
proper, is entitled to land. Persons who wore engaged in the
romoval of the Cherokces from Georgia, in 1536 or in re
moving Indians at any time, aro not entitled to land.
\ Position of the South.
The Richmond Republican throws out the follow
ing truthful suggestions :
“The South in our opinion, lias never occupied so
strong and impregnable a position since the founda
tion of the Government as at this moment. She
has tho Constitution and the Law and the whole
force of the United States, regulars and militia, on
her side, in the questiou which is now to test the
stability of the American Government. She leaves
it to the North to nullify, and herself stands upon
tho broad foundation of the Unipn She says to the
North—We led the way to this Union —we remain
faithful to its Constitution and its laws ; we shall
never desert the Union; ifyou choose to rebel, nullify,
or secede, go, but we abide ! Ours is the flag, whose
bright constellation has blazed in victory upon a
hundred battle-fields ; ours the glorious traditions
of the Republic ; ours the army and the navy ; ours
arc the true United States , which will prove tbem-
I selves no less able to thwart the designs of traitors
thf|h to hurl back the tide of foreign invasions. Ours
is not only the Past but the Future of the Ameri
cas Union. It shall be reserved us to lead the van
in jhe march of republican progress, aiKLtn..w,’ ca
tj ‘i oppressed of every clime to an as\ a tax upon
locrT7 ofgenuntjj liberty, long after its li.ta sinraL gone
:>t.t amid the turbulent waves of an unlfienied Dem
| ocracy. Go who will, the South remains, and ‘fights
her battles IN that Union’ to which she led the way,
and of whose glories and whose hopes she will not
permit herself to be deprived either by foes abroad
or traitors at home.”
■’ 0 f
Letter from Mr. Webster.
The following eloquent and admirable letter from Mr.
M'ebster was written in reply to an invitation to attend a mass
meeting of the friends of the Union in Stanton, Virginia:
M'akhington, Nov. 23, 1850.
Gentlemen. —On my arrival in this city last evening, I
had the pleasure to receive your communication of the
7th inst. It is a refreshing, an encouraging and a patri
otic letter. You speak of the sentiments which become the
great and eminent Commonwealth of Virginia. You speak
as Wythe, and Pendleton, Jeffersou, Marshall and Madison
would speak were they yet among us. You speak of the
Union of these States; and what idea can suggest more live
ly emotions in the minds of the American people, of present
prosperity, past renown nnd future hopes ? Gladly would I
be with you, gentlemen, on tho proposed occasion, and, as
one of your countrymen and fellow citizens, assure you of
my hearty sympathy with you, in the opinions which you ex
press, and my unchangeable purpose to co-operate with you
and other good men in upholding the honor of the states and
the Constitution of the Government.
llow happy should I be to present myself in Virginia West
of the Blue Ridge, nnd there to pledge mutual faith, with the
nicn of Augusta and Rockbridge, Bath, Alleghany and Po
cahontas, Highland,Pendleton and Rockingham, that, while
we live, the institutions of our wise and patriotic sires, shall
not want supporters, and that, so far as may depend on us,
the civilized world shall never be shocked by beholding such
a prodigy as the voluntary dismemberment of this glorious
republic. No gentlemen, never, never. If it shall come to
that, political martyrdom is preferable to 6uch a sight. It is
better to die while the honor of the country is untarnished,
and the flag of the Union still flying over our heads, than to
live till wc behold that honor gone forever, and that flag pros
trate in the dust. Gentlemen, I speak armly—because I feel
warmly, and because I know I speak to men whose hearts are
as warm as my own in support of the country and it*
Union.
I am lately from the North, where I have mixed extensive
, ly with men of all classes and all parties, and 1 assure you,
‘gentlemen, that through the of the Northern peojilo,
the general feeling and the great cry, is for the Union and its
preservation. There are, it is true, men to be found, some of
perverse purposes, and some of bewildered imiginntions who
affect to suppose that some possible but undefined good would
arise from a dissolution of the ties which bind these United
States together; but be assured the number of those men is
small, eminent leaders of “all parties rebuke them, and while
there prevails a general purpose to maintain the Union, ns it
is, that purpose embraces, ns its just and necessary means, a
firm resolution of supporting the rights of all the States pre
cisely as they’stand guaranteed and secured by the Constitu
tion.
And you may depend upon it, that every provision in that
instrument, in favor of the rights of Virginia, and the other
Southern States, and every constitutional net of Congress,
passed to uphold and enforce those rights, will be upheld and
maintained not only by the power of the law, but also by the
prevailing influence of public opinion. Accidents may occur to
defeat the execution of a law in a peculiar instance; misguided
men may, it is possible, sometimes enalle others to elude the
claims of justice, and the rights founded in solemn constitu
tional compact, but, on the whole, and, in the end, the laiv
will be executed and obeyed; the South will see that there is
principle and patriotism, good sense and honesty, in the gen
eral minds of the North ; and that among the great mass of
intelligent eitzens in that quarter, the general disposition to
ask for justice is not stronger than the disposition, to grant it
to others.
Gentlemen, we are brethren; we are descended of those
who labored together with intense anxiety for the establish
ment of the present Federal Constitution. Let me ask you,
gentlemen; to teach your young men, into whose hands the
power of the country must soon fail, to go back to the re-
volutionary war, to contemplate the feebleness nnd incompe
tency of the confederation of the States then existing, and to
trace the steps by which the intelligence and patriotism of the
great men of tliat day, led the country to the adoption of the
existing Constitution. Teach them to study the proceedings,
votes, and reports of committees in the old Congress; especially
draw their attention to the leading part taken by the assem
bly of Virginia, from 1783 onward; direct their minds to the
convention held at Annapolis in 1756, and by the con
templation and study of these events and these efforts, let
them see what a mighty thing it was to establish the govern
ment under which we have now lived so prosjierously for 60
years.
But pardon me ; I must trot write an essay or make a
speech. Virginia ! true-hearted Virginia ! stand by your
country, stand by the work of your fathers, stand by the
Union of the States, and May Almighty God prosper all
your efforts in the cause of liberty, nnd in the cause of that
United Government which renders this people tho hap
piest people upon which the sun ever shone.
I am, gentlemen, yours, truthfully and faithfully,
DANIEL M’EBSTER.
Annual Report of the Secretary of the Trea
sury.
M’o are indebted to the Secretary of the Treasury, for a
copy of his Annual Report. It occupies eight closely print
ed col urns of the National Intelligencer , nnd is written
with signal ability, evidencing a thorough nnd minute knowl
edge of the financial and commercial affairs of the country.—
We regret that its length precludes its appearance in our col
umns. M’e glean from it the following statistics :
Receipts and Expenditures. —The receipts for the year
onding June 30, 1850, were $49,606,713 IS, and the ex
penditures for the same period were $43,002,168 69, leav
ing a balance in the Treasury on the Ist of July, 1850, of
$6,601,544 49. The estimated receipts for the year end
ing June 30, 1851, (with the balance on hand) amount to
$54,312,594 49, and the expenditures to $53,853,597 50,leav
ing on hand on the Ist July next, $450,896 99. The re
ceipts for the following year are estimated at $47,258,99G 99,
and the expenses at $48,124,993 18, leaving a deficit on Ist
July, 1851, of $865,996 19, exclusive of interest ou Texas
boundary stock.
Cost op the Mexican M’ar. —The report goes on to
show that the large expenditures of the government have
grown out of the Mexican war. For the seven years previ
ous to the war, tho sum of $149,660,345,52 was expended,
and during the seven subsequent years, it amounted to $294,-
807,407 95.
The expenditures and liabilities chargeable directly to said
war, and the subsequent acquisition of territory, amounted to
$217,175,575 89, exclusive of numerous names yet to be
presented.
Frauds urox tub Revenue. —Particular attention is
called to Frauds upon the Revenue. An instance is men
tioned where three cargoes of fruit were shipped by one
house, at the same time, to Boston, New York and Phila
delphia, the quality and invoice value being tho same. At
J Philadelphia it passed at the invoice .value; at New York
. >rYhe/u T y'?i sers a, l v ’ e d it 75 per cent pud at Boston 9°i ‘ r
Aiw* toVtfpr.mi■) To'nw 1 /ft
was * *4i is t <’ - v,, ‘ PU * J -
Changes Rkcomjiol oed in the Present Tariff. —This
part of the report exhibits great ability, and abounds with
statistics and arguments that are unanswerable.
It is believed, that if upon the largest importations of the
past year the increase should continue at the same ratio as
that of the past quarter, which, as already stated, is $18,000,-
000, the aggregate amount for the current fiscal year, ending
30th June, 1851, will not fall much short of $250,000,000. —
A survey of the markets of the world, it is believed, furnish
es no reason except that our exportations will exceed those
of last year, which we have seen were a fraction less than 152
millions. This would leave on the trade of the current fiscal
year, with foreign countries, an alarming balance, which
could not fail to be felt in results fatal to all branches of busi
ness at home, and highly injurious to the revenue of succeed
ing years.
The following changes in the Tariff are recommended :
1. A change in the present ad valorem system, which
should impose specific duties upon all articles to which such
duties may safely be applied, with home valuations upon all
such as are necessarily subject to ad valorem rates.
2. If the principle of specific duties shall not be adopted,
that the home valuation, instead of the foreign, should then
be applied, to all imports subject to ad valorem duties.
3. If neither of the foregoing changes shall be thought
proper, then it is deemed highly necessary that the present
rates of duties should be increased on a great variety of arti
cles which it will be found could bear such increase with the
most salutary effects upon both trade and revenue.
Either of the two first modifications suggested above would
undoubtedly correct many of the inequalities of the present
system, place all importers, whether purchasers or manufac
turers, on equal grounds in respect to valuations for duty,
guard the revenue against the flagrant frauds which are now
so easily perpetrated under existing laws, and insnre stability
and permanent increase of the revenue.
In any system it is believed that experience has settled the
true policy to be pursued in several particulars which enter
into our system of revenue laws. Among these are that all
raw material should be admitted at a moderate rate of duty,
when assessed at all, that all non-enumerated articles should
be assessed at higher rates rates of duty than the average of
manufactured articles, and that the articles composed of the
same material should pay in general the same rates of duty.
In order to insure uniformity in the business of the custom
houses, and equality in the valuations under any system, I
earnestly recommend the creation of a corps of appraisers at
large, whose duty it shall be to visit the principal ports in the
U. S. from time to time, with power to correct improper val
uations nnd prescribe rules for the local appraisers.
Public M’areiiouses. —lt is recommended that the time
for which goods may be kept in store, after the original im
portation and entry, be extended to three years, and with the
privilege of export to any foreign country, without the pay
ment of duties. It is also recommended to relieve importers
from the payment of duties upon merchandize destroyed by fire
in bonded warehouses; and to remove all unnecessary re
strictions upon commerce, that all custom-house fees be abol
ished, ns well those that are chargeable upon the register
ing, enrolling, and licensing of vessels, as those relating to
the entry, warehousing and transportation of merchandize.
Attention is also called to the numerous custom-house
oaths and boDds, consular certificates, and other require
ments with which our system is burdened, rendering it at
once complicated and vexatious; they should bo dispensed
with.
The Mint. —lt is recommended that the Treasury Depart
ment be authorized to receive all gold and silver bullion in
tended for recoinage, and so soon as it could be ascertained,
that mint certificates should be issued for the same in con
venient sums, at the option of the owners, which certificates
should be made receivable for all dues to the United States.!
the Government being at the expense of conveying such bi#
lion to the mint for the coinage.
Miscellaneous. —The report closes with a reference to a
variety of subjects, of no great importance to our readers.
jsy The \V ashington correspondent of the Char
leston Courier says: ‘The Vermout delegation in
both Houses of Congress, unequivocally condemn
the late act of their State Legislatvre, in regard to
tlie Fugitive Law.
The lVashfitfftoD ‘Monument..
At a meeting of the New York Historical Society
the other day, an interesting paper was read by Mr.
arnum concerning the Monument
and the progress already made in its construction. —
W e learn from this paper that the foundation is at
bottom 81 feet square. It is built of a species of
blue rock, a material which is continued up 17 feet
above ground. Here the marble work of the obe
lisk commences. This obelisk is to be 500 feet
high, 55 feet square at the base, and 33 feet squard
at the top. The walls are fifteen feet thick at the
commencement, leaving a space inside 25 feet square,
which will be of the same dimensions all the wav
up. The obelisk is now 76 feet high, and it is an
ticipated that at least fifty feet will be added during
another season.
The outside is constructed of a material known as
chrystal marble, and the main body of the wall is of
blue guesis, except where blocks presented by States
and associations have been inserted.
Thirty States and one Territory have determined
to present blocks of stone to be inserted on the
inside, of which five are already in the wall and nine
are on the ground. About fifty associations have
requested to make similar donations, and a number
have been received. Some of them are of elaborate
workmanship and beautiful material, almost every
prominent kind of stone or marble in the Union be
ing there in one or more spc'dmens.
Up to this time $120,000 have been expended on
the work. The estimated cost of the whole shaft is
$500,000. W ithin a week or two after the passage
of the compromise bills, large additional subscrip
tions were received from visitors at Washington.—
The monthly receipts from all parts of the country
now average $2,809, and if they continue at that
rate, fair progress will be made on the work, as the
sum already expended was much of it laid out on die
foundation, in providing a steam engine, and secur
ing a stock of materials.
The largest amounts have been raised in Pennsyl
vania and Virginia. The South has been more lib
era) than the North, the country than the city. In
the cuy there are projects for local monments* \\hich
interfere, as in New York, and people are subjected
to more calls for contributions than in the countrv,
where there are fewer distracting subjects, and
where during the long winter night3 old histories
are more read, and more old soldiers’ battles are
fought over again, exciting the spirit of patriotism
to a far higher degree.
The few census agents engaged in collecting that
reported have made encouraging reports.
The first collection for this monument was made
3ome fifteen years ago, when $28,000 was obtained
and invested. $2,000 of this was collected in the
city of New York, by Mr. Burrill. When the new
collection was undertaken, s*me four years since, the
fund had accumulated to nearly $40,000.
Great difficulty is experienced in obtaining suita
, ble agents, men of chara ter and intellisrenee. They
reqtTreSrto give bonds, and are allowea
Ffiberal commission for their serviees and expenses.
Ex-PrcsMeot Jefferson and the Cooper’s shop.*
\ lELD RATHER THAN EXACT, AND THEN YOU WILL
get your rights. —The following was related ma
ny years since by one of tbe parties, who was a very
respectable citizen of Montgomery county, Penn
sylvania :
.During the Presidential term Os Thos. Jefferson,’
two young men of Pennsylvania, took a lease of him
of his merchant mill at Mbnticello, one of the stipu
lations of which, was that the landlord should erect
for their use, within a given period, a cooper’s shop.
Ihe time for a meeting of Congress soon arrived,
the President had to repair to Washington to attend
to his official duties, where he remained a lohg time
absorbed in national concerns, and the bu* tii g f
the cooper’s shop was entirely forgotten by him.—
Not so with his tenants, whose daily wants constant
ly reminded them of the provision contained in tho
lease; and finally they determined to erect it them
selves, and charge the cost of it to their landlord.—
On the return of the President to bis mansion the par
ties met to settle the long account current, which had
been running during his absence. The items were
gone over and scrutinized, one by one, and all were
found satisfactory, but the charge for building the
cooper’s shop, to which he objected, alleging that he
could have erected it with his own workmen. Sev
eral attempts were made to effect a settlement, but
they always failed when they came to the cooper’s
shop. The young men became warm and xealous
in the affair, and the parties instead of getting nearer
together, they found themsekes at every interview,
wider apart.
In this state of affairs, the father of the young
men, who was a mild, affable, conciliating gentle
man, professing some knowledge of the world and
its ways, arrived on a visit to his sons, who inform
ed him of their difficulty with their landlord. Ho
requested them to leave it to him, observing that ho
thought he could effect an amicable settlement in
the case. This course was accordingly acceded to, and
in due time he waited on the President with the ac
count. It was scanned and agreed to, except the
charge for building the shop, which, fie said, with
some firmness, he should not allow for reasons sta
ted. His opponent observing his apparent decision
on the subject, very gravely remarked, “Well,
friend Jefferson, it has always been my practice
through life, to yield rather than to contend.’’—
Immediately on this remark being made the Presi
dent's chin ‘ fell on his breast, for an instant, when,
raising his head in an erect position, he observed in
a very emphatic manner, “ Avery good principle,
Mr. Shoemaker, and I can carry it as far as rou can;
let the account for the cooper’s shop be allowed.”—
Thus ended the difficulty, and the parties continued
their friendly regard for each other till death sepa
rated them. And the cultivation of a similar dis
position, “ to follow peace with all men,” would ter
minate thousands of difficulties, add much to the
happiness of individuals, and tend to promote they
general order of society.— Farmer's Cabinet.
BlifldilMan’s, Buffi
I might say, and with truth too, that for very lit
tle masters and misses, a quiet game of blind man’s
buff is seasonable at Christmas time, particularly
wnen a steady person is present U> call ‘fire,’ and
prevent mischief; though I almost fear that to ex
press such an opinion is likely to bring me into dis
repute with the the young elegantes , and those smart
juvenile gentlemen who come under the denomina
tion of little dandies —troublesome monkeys ! I
could better by a thousand times, endure a good
romping boy, than a mincing, finiken, perking, bow
ing, simpering Jemmy Jessamy, with kidded hands,
perfumed hankerchief, and empty head. But lam
sure all little creatures, roly-polys under eight, will
forgive me, ay, and love me too, for tolerating blind,
man’s buff.— Mrs. Hall.
NO. 40.
