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DAILY ENQUIRER-SUN: COLUMBUS, GEORGIA, TUESDAY MORNING, JANUARY 23, 1877.
THE PRUNING KNIFE.
^
AS APPLIED TO STATE EXPENSES
BY QOV. COLQUITT.
A KEVIRW Of THE EXPENSES OF
THE EOYEKNHENT.
Tht Timet Demand Eoonomy, and
the Governing Power Mutt Bend
Itt Legislation in that
Direotion.
Executive Department, )
Atlanta, Ga , Jan, 20, 1877. j
Uo the General Assembly:
In reapouse to your joint resolution of
inquiry and request I beg leave to submit
the following suggestions in regard to the
financial matters of the 8taie, which, in
anticipation of your action, I have pre
pared in order that I might be able to re
ply promptly to your request and savo
delay in tne legislation deemed necessary:
The condition of Georgia is such thut
it is proper that we who have beeu chosen
to administer her public affairs should try
to devise some meaus to lessen the bur
dens of the State Government.
In the year 187G the amount expended
for the publio service, as rcparted by
the Odmptroller, was $2,280,435.40.
Of thisamouut $1,330,177.35 was paid on
the principal and interest on the publio
debt, of which $100,000 was principal
and the balance interest. The large pay
ment of interest iuoluding a part of nearly
three years’ defaulting interest on the eu
Horned bonds of the Maeon and Brunswick
aud North and South Georgia railroads,
said interest amounting to $544,342.12.
This left the sum of $944,257.51 as ex
pended for the other disbursements of the
State Government.
Our publio debt at present upon which
we have to pay interest by taxation of
the people is $10,071,500, upon which the
yearly iuterest is $748,005. Of the prin
cipal of tbo debt $100,000 is to be paid
this year. This makes the sum of $848,-
005 neoessary to be raised by taxation for
the publio debt alone.
It will be observed thst I have inoludod
in the statement of this debt the sum of
$2,224,000, this being the State's liability
on the endorsement of the bonds of the
Maeon and Brunswick, North and South
Geoigia, and Memphis Branch Railroads,
the first two railroads being now iu the
possession and under the control of the
State.
If the current expenses of the State
continue the same as last year, viz :
$944,257.51, then by adding to that
amount the sum of $848,005, that mu-it
be paid on the public debt, we get the
large sum of $1,792,250 as the amount
to be raised this year for our publio ex
penditures. As the Comptroller General
has estimated the probable receipts of
the State at the sum of $1,457,000, you
will see that we will have a deficit of
$325,256 to be paid up by the increased
taxation, by a system of economizing or,
by the plan of a temporary loan, as ap
pears to have been the onstom. Increased
taxation is to be avoided if possible. Our
reoeipts of taxes must be necessarily less
keoanse property has depreciated in value
in the last year fifteen millions of dol
lars, and it may be well for us to recog
nize the unwelcome fact that it is proba
ble that property everywhere will undergo
still farther depreciations this year. Even
at the same rate or taxation the income
will be less as the property to be taxed
has fallen off in value, and, therefore, if
we oan administer the State Government
at the same tax, wo shall have effected
some retrenchment. The remedy for us
is to economise, aud I have given no little
anxious thought to this problem of possi
ble economy.
So far as the publio debt is concerned
we need expect no lightening at pres
entof its burdens. We must pay prompt
ly, principal and interest as they fall due
and we must pay the interest iu money,
so as not to increase the principal of the
debt. It may bo proper to offer our reg
ular bond creditors the privilege of either
Mr bonds at
payment in money, or in nl
lower rate of interest.
One incident of our financial practice
has been a floating debt carried over from
one year to another, and not included in
the statement of the pnblio debt proper.
This is regularly reported, under the head
of temporary loan. It would be well for
us to get rid of this as soon as we can.
Last year the money temporarily borrow
ed was $850,000,and the amount paid out
under this head, up to the date of the
Comptroller's report, including interest,
was $312,000. The idea in making this
loan is not to burden the people by taxa
tion to pay its principal, but to relieve
by raising simply the interest to carry it.
This temporary loan is the part of the
sum of $944,259.51, referred to as out
side of the money paid on the publio debt,
being the sain coveriug the general ex
pensea of the State government. Take
this temporary loan of $312,000 from the
$944,259, and we have about $030,000 as
the real amount of the current expenses
to be raised, taking last year as the basis
of oalonlation. When we can bring down
our taxation to cover this sum, the bur
den of tho government wonld be light on
the people. Bot we cannot now lessen
the State debt to any appreciable extent
nor are our people iu a condition to be
taxed to raise money to pay the floating
debt.
If, as has been the past experience, the
reoeipts will not enable ns to pay this
floating debt, I would suggest os the most
praetioable aud convenient disposition
of the matter that bonds at 0 per cent in
terest be issued to retire it aud all other
past floating debts. The interest upon
the bonds will bo lo«5s than the oost of
temporary loan, while much inconven
ienoe will bo saved. And the liability
will be added where it properly be
longs, viz., to the regular debt.
If there is any possibility of retrench
ment, and my judgment after careful scru
tiny is that expenses can be reduced aud
saving made to some extent, it will come
from a moro exact return of property for
taxation, a more rigid collection of taxes,
saving in the oost of collecting the taxes,
reduction in the cost of legislation and
olerk hire of the General Assembly,
diminution in the outlay of the contingent
printing and building funds, in the appro
priation by the State of all perquisites, in
the reduction so far as practicable in the
number of clerks in tho various depart
ments, and in cutting off all unnecessary
offices. Small economies practiced iu
every branch of the government will ag
gregate a handsome saving of the people’s
money.
An examination of the Comptroller’s
reports for the last twenty-fivo years
shows that since the war the amount of
uncollected tax and the cost of collecting
the tax are greater in proportion to tbo
tax than before the war. They now av
erage each ten per cent, of the tax, or
both twenty per cent, of tho whole. Be
fore the war the largest fignre that these
two items reached was one-sixth, or six
teen per bent, of the whole. This was in
1854. The tax assessed that year was
$349,990. The net tax was
$374,914, leaving $75,070 or one-sixth as
the lost tax and cost of collection. Tho
olosest and cheapest collection of State
tax was in 1853, when the whole amount
of tax uncollected aud cost of collecting
was one-tenth of the whole, and the gon-
•ral average of these two items before the
war was one-seventh, or only fourteen
per cent, of tho whole. Now the average
is twenty por oont. In the year 1874, by
way of example, the aggregate tax was
$1,305,400, and the whole collected tax
was $1,211,028, leaving a balance of
$153,832 of necollected tax. The net tax
was $1,092029, showing as the cost of col
lecting the tax the large sum of $119,598.
This iuoludesjthe receivers’ fees. The two
items of uncollected tax and oost of col
lection that year therefore summed up
$573,431, being one-fifth or twenty per
cent, of the whole tax. If the average
had been the ;same as before the war, of
fourteen por cent, iu uncollected tax aud
cost of oollectiug, instead of twenty
per cent., the saving to the people would
have been six per cent, of the whole, or
the amouut of $08,273. The rule of ordi
nary compensation for collections is that
it diminishes in proportion as the amount
increases. Wo have here in our State
mutters the cost increasing as the amouut
to be collected becomes larger. It will
be seeu, therefore, that there is a chance
to iucreaso tho public revenue iu these
two items of reduoiug the oost of collec
tion and the uncollected tax.
The law of compensation of tax roceiv*
ers and collectors has been changed, and
the law of reduced compeusaitou goes into
effect this year. Iu 1870, under tho old
law, tho compensation of these officers
was $135,000 for oollectiug the tax, prop
erty, poll aud professional, of $1,470,017.
nearly one-tenth. Under the new law,
the saving will be between twenty and
twenty-five per cent., or $30,000 of the
‘ " \0U0. A consolidation in more of the
small counties of the offices of tax receiver
and collector, under a law that requires
returns of assessments to be mado as now,
with a reduction of the compensation al
lowed tho two, would operate a still fur
ther Having.
Iu the hasty examination given this
subject no sufficient reason occurs to me
why such a law might uot be general.
Wo shall under the new law have a con
siderable saving iu tho cost of collecting
the tax. Let us see if still farther saviug
cannot justly be mude. It ought not to
cost over $90,000 to assess and collect our
tax. We should thus have a saving of
$45,000. The loss of uncollected and
insolvent tax should not be more than
five por cent. If before the war the aver
age of loss was only six per cent., we
ought to now be able to do as well. Every
dollar of uncollected tax is a wrong to
those who pay their taxes promptly.
There is no justice in exempting one
man's property and burdening anothers’.
Instead of $150,000 of uncollected tax out
of a million aud a quarter of assessments,
there should bo not ooo'half of that
amount.
I fiud by referenoe to the Auditors' re
port of Virginia, that the cost in 1876 of
receiving the tax of $2,477,714 was only
$47,071, while in Georgia it was $07,901
for receiving $1,229,205 of tax; and the
uncollected tax was only $51,000 in Vir
ginia, while it was more than double that
in Georgia. Tho practice in Virginia will
show that a much closor and choaper col
lection of the tax can be made.
now add the increased tax result
ing from a justor appraisement of prop
erly, wo can see a chance for still more
revenue.
Taxable property is notoriously returned
at less than its value. I fiud, by reference
to tho census of 1870, that the estimated
difference between the returned and true
value of the property in Georgia was
some $40,000,000, it being returned then
at $227,519,019 aud estimated at $208,
109,207.
In this matter of revenue from taxes,
there is possible ground for its increase
in other ways. It is a grave questiou how
far the tax laws should be ameudrd
to make the tax equal on individuals and
corporations whether tho real and person
al proporty of every kind of the incorpo
rated institutions of the State should uot
be made to pay full State and county
taxes, respect of course, being observed
to vested rights. Telegraph aud express
companies pay too little tax in proportion
to their wealth and transactions. I find
that iu tho year 1870 the express compa
nies with considerable property aud an
office in every city and town and doing
thousands of dollars of business only paid
the State $058.12 of tax. In Alabama it
paid $2,000. The telegraph company
paid only $520.58 of tax in Georgia. The
sleeping cur company only paid $374.48.
These seem small revenue from such
large and wealthy interests. In Virginia
in 1870 the tax from telegraph companies
was $4,310, or $3,790 moro than in Geor
gia. Iu Wisconsin this tax was $2,288,
or $1,708 more than in Georgia. I oan
only call your attention to these few de
toils as matter for investigation.
It may be practicable to revise the civil
list. In 1852 there were twelve judicial
circuits, and the cost of the judiciary was
$33,825. Iu 1801 there were sixteen cir
cuits, costing about $55,000. Iu 1876 we
had twenty circuits, tho judiciary costing
about $80,000.
If twelve judges did the work in 1852
and sixteen in 1801, the question arises
whether less than twenty can property
porform the same work in 1877. In 1850
the taxable property was $495,178,045; in
1801, $043,803,000, and iu 1870, $245,-
853,750, or one-dialf loss than in 1850,
when twelve judges administered tho law.
It is true that while properly the material
of litigation decreased so much, the vot
ing population, tbo material for litigants
and criminals, has grown from 101,-
505 polls iu 1801 to 208,989 in 1870.
This increase of polls has beeu duo to
growth of population and the endowment
of the colored people with citizenship,
and this increase, affected by tho demor
alizing influence of war, has multiplied
criminals aud crime. But tho disturbed
social condition resulting from war is
passing away, and order prevails. As an
offset against the increase of criminal
business there is less civil litigation, as
the rosult of tho decrease of property.
Lawyers everywhere in the State com
plain of insufficient bnsiness, and tho
large increase in the number of applicants
for tho offices of solicitor general and
judge attest the lack of fees. I have the
opinion of somo of tho judges of the
courts that the number of circuits can be
decreased without injury to the State.
Some of tho judgos have all they can
well do. Others could easily do more.
Tho incroaso of courts—county and
city—and tho raising of the jurisdiction
of tho lower courts, baa rendered fewer
oircuits necessary.
The reduction of tbo judioiary to six
teen circuits would save the State a large
amount. I find the sum of $2,455 paid
in 1870 under tho solicitor general’s net of
1858, and about this amouut is paid year
ly. This is compensation to solicitors
general for cases carriod to tho Supreme
Court, and is about equivalent to their ex
penses in attending that court. This
amount could bo saved by having tho
Attorney General to attend to such cases
without cost, tho solioitors sending him
briefs. This would not diminish tho com
pensation of solicitors, while it would
save the State considerable expense.
The officos of Superintendent of Public
Works, of Wild Laud Clerk and Physician
of the Penitentiary, ore unnecessary, and
can iu my judgment be abolished without
detriment to tho public interest. My
present idea is to impose tho duties of
Suporiutendont of Public Works upon
one of tho persons in tho Exocutive De
partment. Whethor the clorical force iu
any of the departments can ho reduced,
is a proper matter for you to investigate
and determine.
I venture to suggest a very considers*
hie item of saviug in the clerical service
of your own body. Tho expense of clerk
hire bus boon thought by many to bo too
large. In 1870 tho House, with 175 mem
bers, had 74 attaoliees; and the Sonata,
with 44 Senators, bad 50 attsohess. The
cost of these 124 attaoliees for 219 mem
bers, or ono to two, was $26,343. Over
$15,000 ought to be saved iff this cletftal
work.
There is good reason for the opinion
that the existing system of public printing
should be remodeled. The profits of this
work are excessive, as I am informed by
those who have tried it; The State pays
too mnoh for the work done, and there is
too much priuting. A private individual
could and wonld get the work done oheap-
The basis of cost upon which the
State pays 25 per cent, of profit has itself
a margin of profit. And the amount of
printing exeented is in excess of the pub
lic needs. More oopies of the laws and
journals are published than are requited.
Perhaps nearly every membor oan call to
mind in county towns boxes of undistrib
uted laws and journals, or distributed to
persons not entitled to them. It is use
less to be publishing copies not demand
ed for the publio benefit.
The fees of inspectors of oils and ferti
lizers are generally in excess of a fair
salary. In some plaoes they amount to a
magnificent income. By paying the in
spectors a reasonable salary and requiring
the balance of the fees over the salary to
be paid into the treasury revenue oould
be derived from this source.
31 would suggest that there oau be
effected an economising iu each one of the
foregoing items of Slate expense, to which
I have referred, amounting in the aggre
gate to about the sum of oue hundred and
fifty thousand dollars. If this should be
realized the amount saved would pay the
interest on over two millions of the public
debt.
Savings may not be practicable in all of
these matters, but it behooves us to at
tempt in earnost all of them that are pos
sible. A reduction of $150,000 of the
$030,000 that it takes to pay the onrrent
expenses of tho State government, would
be an important benefit to the taxpayers.
It would be a decrease of over one-fourth
in these expenses. If all the servants of
the pnblio will co-operate in this attempt
ed retrenchment wo oan accomplish a
great deal.
Nor does tho work stop with the officers
aud expenses of the State. In county
and city matters the reform oan be ear*'
ried on, aiding us in our State retrench
ment. We find in 1870 that the tax in
Georgia was as follows:
Stato tax $ 946,894
County tax 9o6,270
Municipal tax 776,866
RAILROADS.
WESTERN RAILROAD
OP ALABAMA.
Columbia, da., Dec. 31,1876.
Trains Leave Columbus Daily
AS FOLLOWS :
Southern Mail.
‘-IttO p. in., arrives at Montgomery. 7:33 r m
Mobile 6:00 a M
Now Orleans. 11:30 a m
Nashville 8:0 > a m
l.uUiBVllle .... 3:40 v M
Mow phis 3:00 v M
Atlanta & Northern
M-a.il.
0150 a. in., arrives at Atlanta 4:23 p m
Washington .H:t,6 p u
Baltimore— 3:10 a m
New York... 11:30 a m
ALSO BY THIS TRAIN
Arrive at MtMitgomery 12:24 r m
Solum 3:40 p m
Vicksburg 10:00 a m
TRAINS ARRIVE AT COLUMBUS
From Montgomery and Southwest.. 1*2:-6 p m
•» “ ..7:00 pm
From Atlanta ami Northwest 7:0» v m
Mjf This Train, arriving at Oolutnbua at
7:00 i>. At., leaves Atlanta at 11:00 a. iu.
E. F. ALEXANDER,
President.
CHARLES PHILLIPS, Agent.
decls tf
Central
and Southwestern
Railroads.
$2,637,029
Our poople paid that year over two and
a half millioiiH of taxes. Tho oounty and
municipal taxes were each nearly as large
as the State tax. A redaction in these
will relieve the tax-payers. Whilo the
State cannot regulate the city tax, it can,
by proper general laws, improve county
management, and oounty officers, by good
administration, can make the inevitable
burden of State taxation easier borne.
I do not mean, in urging a policy of
reduced expenditure, to contend for either
parsimony iu salaries or a crippling of the
needed machinery of the government.
The State must be just to her servants
and alive to her own necessities and dig
nity. Poorly paid officials will not ren
der faithful service, aud tho administra<
tion of the affairs of the Commonwealth
must not be cramped in any department,
and, while I argue for State economy, I
would not have you understand that in
the candid statement of the reasons for
it, there is cause for our being ashamed
of our financial standing, in comparison
with other States. The statistics show
that Georgia is in a better condition in
proportion of wealth to debt than any of
her sister Southern States, and onr se
curities stand higher in the commercisi
world. Our debt has increased, bat the
increase is due to an administration that
unfortunately governed ns for a few yeais
since the war. In spite of all the draw
backs of that burdensome rule and the
depreciation of values last year, there has
been an increase in Georgia sinco 1870 of
over $40,000,000 in wealth, and over 40,-
000 polls, and our per capita tax is far
less than that of the best governed and
most prosperous States of the North and
West.
Iu conclusion it should be borne in
mind that the extent of your appropria~
tions is tho measuro of taxation.
If you limit the rate of taxation, you
must necessarily limit tho appropriations
accordingly, uuless the pernicious policy
prevails of running expenditures beyond
receipts and swelling the public debt.
Let us proceed in this patriotic work
of retrenchment resolutely, yet
wisely aud carofully. Let us be
gin at the bottom and work up. Let
the pooplo give in their whole property at
just valuations. Lot the tax be impar
tially imposed and rigidly collected. Let
every department of tho publio service,
city, county and State, be economically
and faithfully administered. Let all su
perfluous offices and unnecessary expen
ses be cut off. Let new debts be avoided
aud old debts promptly paid. Let a high
sentiment of public duty animate all pub
lio officials, and we shall see a moat grati
fying result.
Alfred H. Colquitt.
Savannah, Ga., December 1, 1876.
O N AND AFTER SUNDAY, December
3d, Prsseuger Trains on the Ceulral aud
Southwestern Railroads auil Branches will
run as follows:
TRAIN NO. 1, GOING NORTH AND WEST
Leaves Savannah 9:20 a m
Leaves Augusta 9:3o a m
Arrives at Augusta 4:46 i* m
Arrives at Macon 0:36 l* m
Leaves Macon for Atlanta 10:46 a m
arrives at Atlanta 4:16 r m
Loave Macon lor Albany and Euiaula,
accommodation train 9:00 r m
Arrives at Albany 6:20 a m
Arrives at Kulaula 9:40 i* m
Leaves Macon for Oolumbus 8:0o,i* m
Arrives at Uoiumbus ^. 3:27 a m
Making close connections at Atlanta with
the Western and Atlantic, and Atlanta and
Richmond Air Line lor ail points North and
West.
Euiaula train leaves Macon dally, except
Saturday, as abovo, making oonnectiou tor
Albany Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thurs
day and Friday nights.
Oolumbus accommodation leaves Macon for
Oolumbus daily except Sunday.
COMING SOUTH AND EAST.
Leaves Atlanta 12:46 i* m
Arrives at Macon 6;lo i* m
Leaves Macon 7:Uoam
Leaves Augusta..... 9:30 a m
Arrives at Milledgeville 9:44 a m
Arrives at Eatomon 11.30 a m
Arrives at Augusta 4:16 p m
Arrives at Savannah 6 25 -
Leaves Eufaula, accom. train 6:58
Leaves Albany 9:40
Arrives at Macon 6:20
Leaves Oolumbus 9:31 p m
Arrives at Macon 4:6o a m
Eufaula Accommodation loaves Eufaula
dally, excopt Sunday, and Albany Monday,
Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursdays and Friday
nights,
TRAIN NO. 2, GOING NORTH AND WEST
Leaves Savannah 6:<>Q r
Arrives at MlUedgevlllo 9:44 a
Arrives at Eatontou 11 30 a
Arrives at Macon 1:30 a
Leaves Macon for Atlanta 2:05 ▲ m
Arrives at Atlanta 5:50 a m
Leaves Macon for Albany and Eu
iaula 8:00 A M
Arrives at Albany 2:06 p m
Arrives at Eufaula 3:40 p m
Leaves Macon for Oolumbus 8:30 a m
Arrives at Oolumbus 1:20 p m
a, i
ly,
close connection at Atlanta with Western St
Atlantic and Atlanta &. Richmond Air Line.
At Eufaula with Montgomery and Eufaula
Railroad; at Oolumbus with Western Kail-
1 of £ ‘ '
Iroad.
Train for Albany runs out on Blakely Ex
tension dally, excopt Sunday.
COMING SOUTH AND EAST.
Leaves Atlanta 10:45 p m
Arrives at Macon from Atlanta 3:15 a m
Leaves Albany 2:2n p m
Leaves Eafaula 12:30 p m
Arrives at Maoou from Eufaula and
Albuny 7 60 r m
Arrives at Macon from Oolumbus— 7:06 p m
Leaves Maoon 3 46 a m
Arrives at Savannah 11:46 a m
Passengers for Mllledgeville and Eatonton
will take train No. 2 from Savannah and train
No. 1 from Macon.
The Milledgevillo and Eatontou train runs
Lawyers.
RENNETT II. CRAWFORD,
Attorney and C'ounsollor fat Law
Office over Frazer's Hardware Store.
jai4’77 ly
Mvns H. Blawdfoud. Louis F. Gaeraud.
RLANUFORD A UAICRAI&II,
Attorney* and Counsellor* fat Law,
Office No. 67 Broad street, over Wlttlch A
Ktnsel’s Jewelry Store.
Will practice In the State and Federal Courts
sep4 ’76
h.T. DOWNING,
Attorney ian«l Solicitor.
U. S. Oom’r and Koglster In Bankruptcy.
Office over Brooks’ Drug Store, Oolumbus,(la,
aj.20,’76
KICKS K CRAWFORD. •!. M. M’NKILL.
CRAWFORD A RIcNIRLh,
Attorney* land Counsellor* at l.nw
128 Broad Stroot, Oolumbus, Ga.
janl8,’76 ly
T1ION. J. dlA 1*1*131.1.,
Attorney-iat-I.iaw and !Hiifrl»4ratc,
Offlcoovor 119 Broad stroet.
mhl2,»76 ly
€3. E. THOMAS,
Attorney and Counsellor at l.nw.
Office:
Over Hochstrasper’s Store, Oolumbus, Georgia.
[jan9,78 ly]
1.IONF.1.C. I.EVV, JR.
Attorney and Counsellor nt l.nw,
Commissioner of Deeds, Now York and other
S ^cc ovor Goorgla Home Insuranco Oo.
ESTATES.—Special attention to keeping ac.
curato accounts, vouchors, Ac., and making
annual returns ior Guardians, Administra
tors and Executors.
42 RANDOLPH ST..
(OPPOSITE POSTOFFIOE)
Columbus, Georgia
.arge . . .
Letter, Bill Hoad*, Statements, Cards, Tags,
Ac., kept in stock.
Blank Books of any description mado to
der. A largo assortment of Georgia and Ala
hama Legal Blanks (or salo at $1 00 por quire,
Bankruptcy Blanks In completo sots, suita
ble for olthor Georgia or Alabama. Price, 50
eents per set.
Orders solicited. Specimens furnished
application, with prices.
THOS. GILBERT,
42 Randolph St.
ia!4 dlyAwoam
BANKiNC AMD INSURANCE.
THE NATIONAL BANK
OF Columbus.
A Bank of Discount and Deposit.
DEALS IN EXCHANGE; COLLECTIONS MADE
ALL POINTS.
ON
Accounts and Correspondence Solicited.
GEO. W. DILLINGHAM, Cashier.
J. RHODES BROWNE, President.
Mobile & Girard R. R.
Columbus, Ga., November 26, 1876.
Double Daily Passenger Train
M AKING close connoctlon at Union
Springs with Montgomery it Eufaula
trains to and from Montgomery aud points
beyond.
This Is tho only line making night nnd day
connections at Montgomery for the Northwest.
Through coach with sleeping accommoda
tions between Columbus and Montgomery:
Passen-
Mail
Train.
Leave Columbun l&o i* m
Arrive at Union Springs.. 6.30 i* m
freight
Train.
7:36 i» m
12:32 A M
3:16 A M
6 30 A M
6 35 A M
4:00 1* M
9:65 V M
7 65 1* M
3:30 A M
7:26 A M
7:33 i* M
3:30 >• M
6:46 1* M
dec6,’76
Watchmakers.
C. II. I.F.UI'IN,
IV it I c h ■■■ l. k t; r,
134 Broad Street, Columbus, Ga
Watches and Clocks repaired in tbo best
ranted. ,cl ’ 7ft
jyii’T6
Cun and Locksmiths.
W .W. Sf ROllFR .
Dueler in €>un* «an«l Ammunition.
GUNS, LOCKS, &c., REPAIRED.
39 Randolph Stuket, kkab Timkh Officii.
[octl 6inj
Tin and Coppersmiths.
ivh. m:,
Worker in Tin, »lu i l Iron, Copper
Orders from abroad promptly attended to.
jyl/78 No. 174 Broad Street.
“ Mobile 6:25 A l
“ New Orleans 11:26 a *
“ Nashville 8:00 A &
“ Louisvlll o 3:40 1*1
“ Cincinnati 8:16 i* *
“ St. Louis 8:lo a *
“ Philadelphia.... 7:36 a s
• 4 New York 10:26 a j
Leave Troy 12:30 a m 8:00 a m
Arrive at Union Springs.. 2:22 a m 9 67 a m
“ Columbus 7:10 A M 3:30 1* M
44 Opelika 9:2o a m
44 Atlanta 2 60 pm
44 Macon 7:' 6 i* m
44 Savannah 1146 am
Trains arrive In Montgomery one hour ear
lier than by any other line.
Passengers for the Northwest will save
twelve hours's time by this route.
W. L- CLARK,
Superintendent.
D. E. WILLIAMS,
General Ticket Agont. nov30 tf
b)
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“The Best is the Cheapest!”
This Maxim applies with peculiar force to your
FIRE INSURANCE!!
PLACE YOUR RISKS WITH THE
RICH, PROMPT, RELIABLE
COMJ’AN I 10 S
Wo represent, and when Losses occur, you will surely be
indemnified ;
LONDON ASSURANCE CORPORATION,
HOME OF NEW YORK,
MOBILE UNDERWRITERS,
GEORGIA HOME.
Office In tho CEORCIA HOME BUILDINC.
W. L. SALISBURY, Pres’t. I W- H. BRANNON, Vice Pres’t. I A.0. BLACKMAR, Ca’r.
j n Rfirniiimnn)
&
COLUM1IUS,
GEORGIA.
This Bank dees a General Banking business. Sight drafts on London
New York, New Orleans, Louisville and other points.
New York Correspondent—American Exchange National Bank.
Prompt attention given to Collections on all accessible points.
Correspondence invited.
By its Charter, this Bank is a LEGAL DEPOSE!ORY for funds held by
Executors, Guardians, Litigants, State Courts, &o.
mhl2-eodtl
CROCERIES.
W. J. WATT.
J. A. WALKER.
CHAS. H. WATT-
N
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p
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WATT & WALKER,
WHOLESALE and retail
GROCERS & COMMISSION MERCHANTS
CORNER UNDER RANKIN HOUSE,
Have the Largest and Best-Selected Stock of Groceries in this Citv
OONHIHTING OF
BACON SIDES, BULK SIDES, BACON SHOULDERS, BULK SUOULDEllS,
BULK HAMS, BACON HAMS.
LAUD in lioruoH, Lurd iu buaketn and kana.
BLOCK uf ail gradoH, including the celnbralmi SILVER LAKE brand, the
buat iu thu world.
BAGGING, TIES, HALT, HUGAK, MACKEREL, SOAP, CHEESE.
COFFEE, OYSTERS, SAUDI NEK, CUACKEUS, POTASH, SODA.
STAltCII, SHOES, BOOTS, and STAPLE DllY GOODS, Huoh aa
OSNAUUllGH, SHEETING, SUIKT1NGS, CHECKS, 8TUIPE8, YARNS
PANTS GOODS. Also, a well selected sleek of
WHISKEY, from $1 per gallon to $6, ami of any brand or per cent, proof
that may he deni red
Our Htook of Sugai* includes every grade aud price, and our lot of SyPnp
cannot be equalled in thin city. It includes all grades of New Orleans in barrels
also, several hundred barrels choice Florida Syrup* which is superior
anything in the market, and much cheaper in price, it lmH a delightful flavor and
rich, clear color, aud selected expressly for our trade.
trial before pnrohasin
■HT Cash customers can always nave money by giving ns
eslewhere.
auglTJ d.Vwtf
WATT A WALKER.
J. J. Willi
4; DO. II. VAKIIOHOI4HI,
JOHN T.I7Id.KOD
GILBERT & THORNTON,
15U ltroiul
D. M. Ferry & Co.’s
Celebrated Garden Seeds,
ALL OF WHICH
Warranted to be FreBh and
Genuine.
TllKY A KM Til F.
Notice! Notice!! Notice
A dl parties indebted to us ake
requested to couto forward and settle, or
their notes and accounts will bo placed In tho
hands of our attorney lor collection. Wo have j
kindly favored our customers by giving them j
credit, when other merchants had refused to !
call and pay us c
r ask that they respond to our |
Best and Most Generally Used
OF ANY IN THE MARKET,
jaio lm
We soll'no Goods on a credit, but will con- :
tlnuo to sell our stock at Cost and below Cost
for Cash.
deed! dfkwlin .1NO. McGOUGH & CO.
opium;
r.lv i ii.wl. : nonublh-ilfc -
I hUi.-p l<>r purt . .liar.. Dr. Cttr'k
, Uu Wuiiiiiuuluu ML.Cbiumu, 1U
ilO to 25 por Day ShS™.S*rt£"’o“ |
tmi to veil an article »• BTAPLE n« COFFEE, to Fannor
iul othvri Iu tlu-ir own iiriKlihorluH.dH. Fartioulara Free
A4lrt*»-TB£ *4- Mo. |
manufacturers.
id positively
? lurulgia and
wholesale and retail drug
Send lor circular to the
HEL.PHENSTEIN A BENTLEY,
Druggists,
ootl3 dfcwly Washington, D. O.
J. J. WHITTLE & CO.
HAVE OPENED IN COLUMBUS, UNDER CENTRAL HOTEL, A
New Wholesale I Retail Grocery House,
Where they will keep constantly on hand a Large and Complete Stock of
STAPLE & FANCY (GROCERIES,
KY GOODS; BAGGING AND
; Sugar nnd Syrup—all grades;
Mills and Western J-lour ail grades’; Salt Fish and Canned Goods; Whiskeys,
I Brandies, and Tobacco Colloo and Tea—all brands—together with a lull lino ol all
Is kept in a lirst-class Grocery House.
Tilt LOW ICS l\ and wo solicit tho pafronago of tho city and
J. J. WHITTLE & CO.
jtber (4i
Our
jurrounding
AGRICULTURAL SUPPLIES.
HOLSTEAD & CO.,
Agricultural Depot, 137 and 139 Broad Street
COLUMIJI s.
G'KORUIA.
FAKMING MACHINERY AND IIII'EEME.VTH,
WAT t', ENCELSIOK AND KAUMEItS' Eli I END PLOWS,
TILE CEEEIiliATEI) “WHITEWATER WAGON,"
PIKE RAW AND DISSOLVED BONE,
NOVA SCOTIA LAND PLASTER,
CHEMICALS FOR COMPOSTING,
SEED WHEAT, RYE, BARLEY, AND RUST PROOF OATS.
iLOBN-TS I'OIT THE
PRATT, BROWN AND HULL'S SELF FEEDING GINS.
CHEW AULA LIME, LATHS, CEMENT AND PAINT,
PONT POWDER COMPANY.
oiAn ,'„.on. VOLSTEAD & CO.
PHOTOGRAPHIC ARTIST.
GLACE VS. BURNISH!
WIl
A oV'
TUc I?uV>lio iu iuvltoci to call at
.LIAMH' 1-"I > AliT OALLKRY
'ssy Surf
-Finish. No other pi
amount ot rubbing.
The Burnish Glass uni
time. As SAT1SFA4
are permanently local
Photograph that retains the
re in the city lakes’ them. Hard as glass. Stauds any
ulod by water, alcohol, turpontinc, or anything ol tho kind,
il-uv• i< only imitation, and retains Its Gloss but a short
C A I, \ NT I-: HI) and wo are responsible lor our results, amt
• ii-.iliing to risk In giving us your patronage. Brices the
cloudy weather, plea
call ;
>d Ilia
Williams keeps posted in
