About Columbus daily enquirer. (Columbus, Ga.) 1874-1877 | View Entire Issue (Jan. 23, 1877)
DAILY ENQUIRER-SUN: COLUMBUS, GEORGIA, TUESDAY MORNING, JANUARY 23, 1877. THE PRUNING KNIFE. ^ AS APPLIED TO STATE EXPENSES BY QOV. COLQUITT. A KEVIRW Of THE EXPENSES OF THE EOYEKNHENT. Tht Timet Demand Eoonomy, and the Governing Power Mutt Bend Itt Legislation in that Direotion. Executive Department, ) Atlanta, Ga , Jan, 20, 1877. j Uo the General Assembly: In reapouse to your joint resolution of inquiry and request I beg leave to submit the following suggestions in regard to the financial matters of the 8taie, which, in anticipation of your action, I have pre pared in order that I might be able to re ply promptly to your request and savo delay in tne legislation deemed necessary: The condition of Georgia is such thut it is proper that we who have beeu chosen to administer her public affairs should try to devise some meaus to lessen the bur dens of the State Government. In the year 187G the amount expended for the publio service, as rcparted by the Odmptroller, was $2,280,435.40. Of thisamouut $1,330,177.35 was paid on the principal and interest on the publio debt, of which $100,000 was principal and the balance interest. The large pay ment of interest iuoluding a part of nearly three years’ defaulting interest on the eu Horned bonds of the Maeon and Brunswick aud North and South Georgia railroads, said interest amounting to $544,342.12. This left the sum of $944,257.51 as ex pended for the other disbursements of the State Government. Our publio debt at present upon which we have to pay interest by taxation of the people is $10,071,500, upon which the yearly iuterest is $748,005. Of the prin cipal of tbo debt $100,000 is to be paid this year. This makes the sum of $848,- 005 neoessary to be raised by taxation for the publio debt alone. It will be observed thst I have inoludod in the statement of this debt the sum of $2,224,000, this being the State's liability on the endorsement of the bonds of the Maeon and Brunswick, North and South Geoigia, and Memphis Branch Railroads, the first two railroads being now iu the possession and under the control of the State. If the current expenses of the State continue the same as last year, viz : $944,257.51, then by adding to that amount the sum of $848,005, that mu-it be paid on the public debt, we get the large sum of $1,792,250 as the amount to be raised this year for our publio ex penditures. As the Comptroller General has estimated the probable receipts of the State at the sum of $1,457,000, you will see that we will have a deficit of $325,256 to be paid up by the increased taxation, by a system of economizing or, by the plan of a temporary loan, as ap pears to have been the onstom. Increased taxation is to be avoided if possible. Our reoeipts of taxes must be necessarily less keoanse property has depreciated in value in the last year fifteen millions of dol lars, and it may be well for us to recog nize the unwelcome fact that it is proba ble that property everywhere will undergo still farther depreciations this year. Even at the same rate or taxation the income will be less as the property to be taxed has fallen off in value, and, therefore, if we oan administer the State Government at the same tax, wo shall have effected some retrenchment. The remedy for us is to economise, aud I have given no little anxious thought to this problem of possi ble economy. So far as the publio debt is concerned we need expect no lightening at pres entof its burdens. We must pay prompt ly, principal and interest as they fall due and we must pay the interest iu money, so as not to increase the principal of the debt. It may bo proper to offer our reg ular bond creditors the privilege of either Mr bonds at payment in money, or in nl lower rate of interest. One incident of our financial practice has been a floating debt carried over from one year to another, and not included in the statement of the pnblio debt proper. This is regularly reported, under the head of temporary loan. It would be well for us to get rid of this as soon as we can. Last year the money temporarily borrow ed was $850,000,and the amount paid out under this head, up to the date of the Comptroller's report, including interest, was $312,000. The idea in making this loan is not to burden the people by taxa tion to pay its principal, but to relieve by raising simply the interest to carry it. This temporary loan is the part of the sum of $944,259.51, referred to as out side of the money paid on the publio debt, being the sain coveriug the general ex pensea of the State government. Take this temporary loan of $312,000 from the $944,259, and we have about $030,000 as the real amount of the current expenses to be raised, taking last year as the basis of oalonlation. When we can bring down our taxation to cover this sum, the bur den of tho government wonld be light on the people. Bot we cannot now lessen the State debt to any appreciable extent nor are our people iu a condition to be taxed to raise money to pay the floating debt. If, as has been the past experience, the reoeipts will not enable ns to pay this floating debt, I would suggest os the most praetioable aud convenient disposition of the matter that bonds at 0 per cent in terest be issued to retire it aud all other past floating debts. The interest upon the bonds will bo lo«5s than the oost of temporary loan, while much inconven ienoe will bo saved. And the liability will be added where it properly be longs, viz., to the regular debt. If there is any possibility of retrench ment, and my judgment after careful scru tiny is that expenses can be reduced aud saving made to some extent, it will come from a moro exact return of property for taxation, a more rigid collection of taxes, saving in the oost of collecting the taxes, reduction in the cost of legislation and olerk hire of the General Assembly, diminution in the outlay of the contingent printing and building funds, in the appro priation by the State of all perquisites, in the reduction so far as practicable in the number of clerks in tho various depart ments, and in cutting off all unnecessary offices. Small economies practiced iu every branch of the government will ag gregate a handsome saving of the people’s money. An examination of the Comptroller’s reports for the last twenty-fivo years shows that since the war the amount of uncollected tax and the cost of collecting the tax are greater in proportion to tbo tax than before the war. They now av erage each ten per cent, of the tax, or both twenty per cent, of tho whole. Be fore the war the largest fignre that these two items reached was one-sixth, or six teen per bent, of the whole. This was in 1854. The tax assessed that year was $349,990. The net tax was $374,914, leaving $75,070 or one-sixth as the lost tax and cost of collection. Tho olosest and cheapest collection of State tax was in 1853, when the whole amount of tax uncollected aud cost of collecting was one-tenth of the whole, and the gon- •ral average of these two items before the war was one-seventh, or only fourteen per cent, of tho whole. Now the average is twenty por oont. In the year 1874, by way of example, the aggregate tax was $1,305,400, and the whole collected tax was $1,211,028, leaving a balance of $153,832 of necollected tax. The net tax was $1,092029, showing as the cost of col lecting the tax the large sum of $119,598. This iuoludesjthe receivers’ fees. The two items of uncollected tax and oost of col lection that year therefore summed up $573,431, being one-fifth or twenty per cent, of the whole tax. If the average had been the ;same as before the war, of fourteen por cent, iu uncollected tax aud cost of oollectiug, instead of twenty per cent., the saving to the people would have been six per cent, of the whole, or the amouut of $08,273. The rule of ordi nary compensation for collections is that it diminishes in proportion as the amount increases. Wo have here in our State mutters the cost increasing as the amouut to be collected becomes larger. It will be seeu, therefore, that there is a chance to iucreaso tho public revenue iu these two items of reduoiug the oost of collec tion and the uncollected tax. The law of compensation of tax roceiv* ers and collectors has been changed, and the law of reduced compeusaitou goes into effect this year. Iu 1870, under tho old law, tho compensation of these officers was $135,000 for oollectiug the tax, prop erty, poll aud professional, of $1,470,017. nearly one-tenth. Under the new law, the saving will be between twenty and twenty-five per cent., or $30,000 of the ‘ " \0U0. A consolidation in more of the small counties of the offices of tax receiver and collector, under a law that requires returns of assessments to be mado as now, with a reduction of the compensation al lowed tho two, would operate a still fur ther Having. Iu the hasty examination given this subject no sufficient reason occurs to me why such a law might uot be general. Wo shall under the new law have a con siderable saving iu tho cost of collecting the tax. Let us see if still farther saviug cannot justly be mude. It ought not to cost over $90,000 to assess and collect our tax. We should thus have a saving of $45,000. The loss of uncollected and insolvent tax should not be more than five por cent. If before the war the aver age of loss was only six per cent., we ought to now be able to do as well. Every dollar of uncollected tax is a wrong to those who pay their taxes promptly. There is no justice in exempting one man's property and burdening anothers’. Instead of $150,000 of uncollected tax out of a million aud a quarter of assessments, there should bo not ooo'half of that amount. I fiud by referenoe to the Auditors' re port of Virginia, that the cost in 1876 of receiving the tax of $2,477,714 was only $47,071, while in Georgia it was $07,901 for receiving $1,229,205 of tax; and the uncollected tax was only $51,000 in Vir ginia, while it was more than double that in Georgia. Tho practice in Virginia will show that a much closor and choaper col lection of the tax can be made. now add the increased tax result ing from a justor appraisement of prop erly, wo can see a chance for still more revenue. Taxable property is notoriously returned at less than its value. I fiud, by reference to tho census of 1870, that the estimated difference between the returned and true value of the property in Georgia was some $40,000,000, it being returned then at $227,519,019 aud estimated at $208, 109,207. In this matter of revenue from taxes, there is possible ground for its increase in other ways. It is a grave questiou how far the tax laws should be ameudrd to make the tax equal on individuals and corporations whether tho real and person al proporty of every kind of the incorpo rated institutions of the State should uot be made to pay full State and county taxes, respect of course, being observed to vested rights. Telegraph aud express companies pay too little tax in proportion to their wealth and transactions. I find that iu tho year 1870 the express compa nies with considerable property aud an office in every city and town and doing thousands of dollars of business only paid the State $058.12 of tax. In Alabama it paid $2,000. The telegraph company paid only $520.58 of tax in Georgia. The sleeping cur company only paid $374.48. These seem small revenue from such large and wealthy interests. In Virginia in 1870 the tax from telegraph companies was $4,310, or $3,790 moro than in Geor gia. Iu Wisconsin this tax was $2,288, or $1,708 more than in Georgia. I oan only call your attention to these few de toils as matter for investigation. It may be practicable to revise the civil list. In 1852 there were twelve judicial circuits, and the cost of the judiciary was $33,825. Iu 1801 there were sixteen cir cuits, costing about $55,000. Iu 1876 we had twenty circuits, tho judiciary costing about $80,000. If twelve judges did the work in 1852 and sixteen in 1801, the question arises whether less than twenty can property porform the same work in 1877. In 1850 the taxable property was $495,178,045; in 1801, $043,803,000, and iu 1870, $245,- 853,750, or one-dialf loss than in 1850, when twelve judges administered tho law. It is true that while properly the material of litigation decreased so much, the vot ing population, tbo material for litigants and criminals, has grown from 101,- 505 polls iu 1801 to 208,989 in 1870. This increase of polls has beeu duo to growth of population and the endowment of the colored people with citizenship, and this increase, affected by tho demor alizing influence of war, has multiplied criminals aud crime. But tho disturbed social condition resulting from war is passing away, and order prevails. As an offset against the increase of criminal business there is less civil litigation, as the rosult of tho decrease of property. Lawyers everywhere in the State com plain of insufficient bnsiness, and tho large increase in the number of applicants for tho offices of solicitor general and judge attest the lack of fees. I have the opinion of somo of tho judges of the courts that the number of circuits can be decreased without injury to the State. Some of tho judgos have all they can well do. Others could easily do more. Tho incroaso of courts—county and city—and tho raising of the jurisdiction of tho lower courts, baa rendered fewer oircuits necessary. The reduction of tbo judioiary to six teen circuits would save the State a large amount. I find the sum of $2,455 paid in 1870 under tho solicitor general’s net of 1858, and about this amouut is paid year ly. This is compensation to solicitors general for cases carriod to tho Supreme Court, and is about equivalent to their ex penses in attending that court. This amount could bo saved by having tho Attorney General to attend to such cases without cost, tho solioitors sending him briefs. This would not diminish tho com pensation of solicitors, while it would save the State considerable expense. The officos of Superintendent of Public Works, of Wild Laud Clerk and Physician of the Penitentiary, ore unnecessary, and can iu my judgment be abolished without detriment to tho public interest. My present idea is to impose tho duties of Suporiutendont of Public Works upon one of tho persons in tho Exocutive De partment. Whethor the clorical force iu any of the departments can ho reduced, is a proper matter for you to investigate and determine. I venture to suggest a very considers* hie item of saviug in the clerical service of your own body. Tho expense of clerk hire bus boon thought by many to bo too large. In 1870 tho House, with 175 mem bers, had 74 attaoliees; and the Sonata, with 44 Senators, bad 50 attsohess. The cost of these 124 attaoliees for 219 mem bers, or ono to two, was $26,343. Over $15,000 ought to be saved iff this cletftal work. There is good reason for the opinion that the existing system of public printing should be remodeled. The profits of this work are excessive, as I am informed by those who have tried it; The State pays too mnoh for the work done, and there is too much priuting. A private individual could and wonld get the work done oheap- The basis of cost upon which the State pays 25 per cent, of profit has itself a margin of profit. And the amount of printing exeented is in excess of the pub lic needs. More oopies of the laws and journals are published than are requited. Perhaps nearly every membor oan call to mind in county towns boxes of undistrib uted laws and journals, or distributed to persons not entitled to them. It is use less to be publishing copies not demand ed for the publio benefit. The fees of inspectors of oils and ferti lizers are generally in excess of a fair salary. In some plaoes they amount to a magnificent income. By paying the in spectors a reasonable salary and requiring the balance of the fees over the salary to be paid into the treasury revenue oould be derived from this source. 31 would suggest that there oau be effected an economising iu each one of the foregoing items of Slate expense, to which I have referred, amounting in the aggre gate to about the sum of oue hundred and fifty thousand dollars. If this should be realized the amount saved would pay the interest on over two millions of the public debt. Savings may not be practicable in all of these matters, but it behooves us to at tempt in earnost all of them that are pos sible. A reduction of $150,000 of the $030,000 that it takes to pay the onrrent expenses of tho State government, would be an important benefit to the taxpayers. It would be a decrease of over one-fourth in these expenses. If all the servants of the pnblio will co-operate in this attempt ed retrenchment wo oan accomplish a great deal. Nor does tho work stop with the officers aud expenses of the State. In county and city matters the reform oan be ear*' ried on, aiding us in our State retrench ment. We find in 1870 that the tax in Georgia was as follows: Stato tax $ 946,894 County tax 9o6,270 Municipal tax 776,866 RAILROADS. WESTERN RAILROAD OP ALABAMA. Columbia, da., Dec. 31,1876. Trains Leave Columbus Daily AS FOLLOWS : Southern Mail. ‘-IttO p. in., arrives at Montgomery. 7:33 r m Mobile 6:00 a M Now Orleans. 11:30 a m Nashville 8:0 > a m l.uUiBVllle .... 3:40 v M Mow phis 3:00 v M Atlanta & Northern M-a.il. 0150 a. in., arrives at Atlanta 4:23 p m Washington .H:t,6 p u Baltimore— 3:10 a m New York... 11:30 a m ALSO BY THIS TRAIN Arrive at MtMitgomery 12:24 r m Solum 3:40 p m Vicksburg 10:00 a m TRAINS ARRIVE AT COLUMBUS From Montgomery and Southwest.. 1*2:-6 p m •» “ ..7:00 pm From Atlanta ami Northwest 7:0» v m Mjf This Train, arriving at Oolutnbua at 7:00 i>. At., leaves Atlanta at 11:00 a. iu. E. F. ALEXANDER, President. CHARLES PHILLIPS, Agent. decls tf Central and Southwestern Railroads. $2,637,029 Our poople paid that year over two and a half millioiiH of taxes. Tho oounty and municipal taxes were each nearly as large as the State tax. A redaction in these will relieve the tax-payers. Whilo the State cannot regulate the city tax, it can, by proper general laws, improve county management, and oounty officers, by good administration, can make the inevitable burden of State taxation easier borne. I do not mean, in urging a policy of reduced expenditure, to contend for either parsimony iu salaries or a crippling of the needed machinery of the government. The State must be just to her servants and alive to her own necessities and dig nity. Poorly paid officials will not ren der faithful service, aud tho administra< tion of the affairs of the Commonwealth must not be cramped in any department, and, while I argue for State economy, I would not have you understand that in the candid statement of the reasons for it, there is cause for our being ashamed of our financial standing, in comparison with other States. The statistics show that Georgia is in a better condition in proportion of wealth to debt than any of her sister Southern States, and onr se curities stand higher in the commercisi world. Our debt has increased, bat the increase is due to an administration that unfortunately governed ns for a few yeais since the war. In spite of all the draw backs of that burdensome rule and the depreciation of values last year, there has been an increase in Georgia sinco 1870 of over $40,000,000 in wealth, and over 40,- 000 polls, and our per capita tax is far less than that of the best governed and most prosperous States of the North and West. Iu conclusion it should be borne in mind that the extent of your appropria~ tions is tho measuro of taxation. If you limit the rate of taxation, you must necessarily limit tho appropriations accordingly, uuless the pernicious policy prevails of running expenditures beyond receipts and swelling the public debt. Let us proceed in this patriotic work of retrenchment resolutely, yet wisely aud carofully. Let us be gin at the bottom and work up. Let the pooplo give in their whole property at just valuations. Lot the tax be impar tially imposed and rigidly collected. Let every department of tho publio service, city, county and State, be economically and faithfully administered. Let all su perfluous offices and unnecessary expen ses be cut off. Let new debts be avoided aud old debts promptly paid. Let a high sentiment of public duty animate all pub lio officials, and we shall see a moat grati fying result. Alfred H. Colquitt. Savannah, Ga., December 1, 1876. O N AND AFTER SUNDAY, December 3d, Prsseuger Trains on the Ceulral aud Southwestern Railroads auil Branches will run as follows: TRAIN NO. 1, GOING NORTH AND WEST Leaves Savannah 9:20 a m Leaves Augusta 9:3o a m Arrives at Augusta 4:46 i* m Arrives at Macon 0:36 l* m Leaves Macon for Atlanta 10:46 a m arrives at Atlanta 4:16 r m Loave Macon lor Albany and Euiaula, accommodation train 9:00 r m Arrives at Albany 6:20 a m Arrives at Kulaula 9:40 i* m Leaves Macon for Oolumbus 8:0o,i* m Arrives at Uoiumbus ^. 3:27 a m Making close connections at Atlanta with the Western and Atlantic, and Atlanta and Richmond Air Line lor ail points North and West. Euiaula train leaves Macon dally, except Saturday, as abovo, making oonnectiou tor Albany Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thurs day and Friday nights. Oolumbus accommodation leaves Macon for Oolumbus daily except Sunday. COMING SOUTH AND EAST. Leaves Atlanta 12:46 i* m Arrives at Macon 6;lo i* m Leaves Macon 7:Uoam Leaves Augusta..... 9:30 a m Arrives at Milledgeville 9:44 a m Arrives at Eatomon 11.30 a m Arrives at Augusta 4:16 p m Arrives at Savannah 6 25 - Leaves Eufaula, accom. train 6:58 Leaves Albany 9:40 Arrives at Macon 6:20 Leaves Oolumbus 9:31 p m Arrives at Macon 4:6o a m Eufaula Accommodation loaves Eufaula dally, excopt Sunday, and Albany Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursdays and Friday nights, TRAIN NO. 2, GOING NORTH AND WEST Leaves Savannah 6:<>Q r Arrives at MlUedgevlllo 9:44 a Arrives at Eatontou 11 30 a Arrives at Macon 1:30 a Leaves Macon for Atlanta 2:05 ▲ m Arrives at Atlanta 5:50 a m Leaves Macon for Albany and Eu iaula 8:00 A M Arrives at Albany 2:06 p m Arrives at Eufaula 3:40 p m Leaves Macon for Oolumbus 8:30 a m Arrives at Oolumbus 1:20 p m a, i ly, close connection at Atlanta with Western St Atlantic and Atlanta &. Richmond Air Line. At Eufaula with Montgomery and Eufaula Railroad; at Oolumbus with Western Kail- 1 of £ ‘ ' Iroad. Train for Albany runs out on Blakely Ex tension dally, excopt Sunday. COMING SOUTH AND EAST. Leaves Atlanta 10:45 p m Arrives at Macon from Atlanta 3:15 a m Leaves Albany 2:2n p m Leaves Eafaula 12:30 p m Arrives at Maoou from Eufaula and Albuny 7 60 r m Arrives at Macon from Oolumbus— 7:06 p m Leaves Maoon 3 46 a m Arrives at Savannah 11:46 a m Passengers for Mllledgeville and Eatonton will take train No. 2 from Savannah and train No. 1 from Macon. The Milledgevillo and Eatontou train runs Lawyers. RENNETT II. CRAWFORD, Attorney and C'ounsollor fat Law Office over Frazer's Hardware Store. jai4’77 ly Mvns H. Blawdfoud. Louis F. Gaeraud. RLANUFORD A UAICRAI&II, Attorney* and Counsellor* fat Law, Office No. 67 Broad street, over Wlttlch A Ktnsel’s Jewelry Store. Will practice In the State and Federal Courts sep4 ’76 h.T. DOWNING, Attorney ian«l Solicitor. U. S. Oom’r and Koglster In Bankruptcy. Office over Brooks’ Drug Store, Oolumbus,(la, aj.20,’76 KICKS K CRAWFORD. •!. M. M’NKILL. CRAWFORD A RIcNIRLh, Attorney* land Counsellor* at l.nw 128 Broad Stroot, Oolumbus, Ga. janl8,’76 ly T1ION. J. dlA 1*1*131.1., Attorney-iat-I.iaw and !Hiifrl»4ratc, Offlcoovor 119 Broad stroet. mhl2,»76 ly €3. E. THOMAS, Attorney and Counsellor at l.nw. Office: Over Hochstrasper’s Store, Oolumbus, Georgia. [jan9,78 ly] 1.IONF.1.C. I.EVV, JR. Attorney and Counsellor nt l.nw, Commissioner of Deeds, Now York and other S ^cc ovor Goorgla Home Insuranco Oo. ESTATES.—Special attention to keeping ac. curato accounts, vouchors, Ac., and making annual returns ior Guardians, Administra tors and Executors. 42 RANDOLPH ST.. (OPPOSITE POSTOFFIOE) Columbus, Georgia .arge . . . Letter, Bill Hoad*, Statements, Cards, Tags, Ac., kept in stock. Blank Books of any description mado to der. A largo assortment of Georgia and Ala hama Legal Blanks (or salo at $1 00 por quire, Bankruptcy Blanks In completo sots, suita ble for olthor Georgia or Alabama. Price, 50 eents per set. Orders solicited. Specimens furnished application, with prices. THOS. GILBERT, 42 Randolph St. ia!4 dlyAwoam BANKiNC AMD INSURANCE. THE NATIONAL BANK OF Columbus. A Bank of Discount and Deposit. DEALS IN EXCHANGE; COLLECTIONS MADE ALL POINTS. ON Accounts and Correspondence Solicited. GEO. W. DILLINGHAM, Cashier. J. RHODES BROWNE, President. Mobile & Girard R. R. Columbus, Ga., November 26, 1876. Double Daily Passenger Train M AKING close connoctlon at Union Springs with Montgomery it Eufaula trains to and from Montgomery aud points beyond. This Is tho only line making night nnd day connections at Montgomery for the Northwest. Through coach with sleeping accommoda tions between Columbus and Montgomery: Passen- Mail Train. Leave Columbun l&o i* m Arrive at Union Springs.. 6.30 i* m freight Train. 7:36 i» m 12:32 A M 3:16 A M 6 30 A M 6 35 A M 4:00 1* M 9:65 V M 7 65 1* M 3:30 A M 7:26 A M 7:33 i* M 3:30 >• M 6:46 1* M dec6,’76 Watchmakers. C. II. I.F.UI'IN, IV it I c h ■■■ l. k t; r, 134 Broad Street, Columbus, Ga Watches and Clocks repaired in tbo best ranted. ,cl ’ 7ft jyii’T6 Cun and Locksmiths. W .W. Sf ROllFR . Dueler in €>un* «an«l Ammunition. GUNS, LOCKS, &c., REPAIRED. 39 Randolph Stuket, kkab Timkh Officii. [octl 6inj Tin and Coppersmiths. ivh. m:, Worker in Tin, »lu i l Iron, Copper Orders from abroad promptly attended to. jyl/78 No. 174 Broad Street. “ Mobile 6:25 A l “ New Orleans 11:26 a * “ Nashville 8:00 A & “ Louisvlll o 3:40 1*1 “ Cincinnati 8:16 i* * “ St. Louis 8:lo a * “ Philadelphia.... 7:36 a s • 4 New York 10:26 a j Leave Troy 12:30 a m 8:00 a m Arrive at Union Springs.. 2:22 a m 9 67 a m “ Columbus 7:10 A M 3:30 1* M 44 Opelika 9:2o a m 44 Atlanta 2 60 pm 44 Macon 7:' 6 i* m 44 Savannah 1146 am Trains arrive In Montgomery one hour ear lier than by any other line. Passengers for the Northwest will save twelve hours's time by this route. W. L- CLARK, Superintendent. D. E. WILLIAMS, General Ticket Agont. nov30 tf b) P ► o H ► * 0 “The Best is the Cheapest!” This Maxim applies with peculiar force to your FIRE INSURANCE!! PLACE YOUR RISKS WITH THE RICH, PROMPT, RELIABLE COMJ’AN I 10 S Wo represent, and when Losses occur, you will surely be indemnified ; LONDON ASSURANCE CORPORATION, HOME OF NEW YORK, MOBILE UNDERWRITERS, GEORGIA HOME. Office In tho CEORCIA HOME BUILDINC. W. L. SALISBURY, Pres’t. I W- H. BRANNON, Vice Pres’t. I A.0. BLACKMAR, Ca’r. j n Rfirniiimnn) & COLUM1IUS, GEORGIA. This Bank dees a General Banking business. Sight drafts on London New York, New Orleans, Louisville and other points. New York Correspondent—American Exchange National Bank. Prompt attention given to Collections on all accessible points. Correspondence invited. By its Charter, this Bank is a LEGAL DEPOSE!ORY for funds held by Executors, Guardians, Litigants, State Courts, &o. mhl2-eodtl CROCERIES. W. J. WATT. J. A. WALKER. CHAS. H. WATT- N H p p WATT & WALKER, WHOLESALE and retail GROCERS & COMMISSION MERCHANTS CORNER UNDER RANKIN HOUSE, Have the Largest and Best-Selected Stock of Groceries in this Citv OONHIHTING OF BACON SIDES, BULK SIDES, BACON SHOULDERS, BULK SUOULDEllS, BULK HAMS, BACON HAMS. LAUD in lioruoH, Lurd iu buaketn and kana. BLOCK uf ail gradoH, including the celnbralmi SILVER LAKE brand, the buat iu thu world. BAGGING, TIES, HALT, HUGAK, MACKEREL, SOAP, CHEESE. COFFEE, OYSTERS, SAUDI NEK, CUACKEUS, POTASH, SODA. STAltCII, SHOES, BOOTS, and STAPLE DllY GOODS, Huoh aa OSNAUUllGH, SHEETING, SUIKT1NGS, CHECKS, 8TUIPE8, YARNS PANTS GOODS. Also, a well selected sleek of WHISKEY, from $1 per gallon to $6, ami of any brand or per cent, proof that may he deni red Our Htook of Sugai* includes every grade aud price, and our lot of SyPnp cannot be equalled in thin city. It includes all grades of New Orleans in barrels also, several hundred barrels choice Florida Syrup* which is superior anything in the market, and much cheaper in price, it lmH a delightful flavor and rich, clear color, aud selected expressly for our trade. trial before pnrohasin ■HT Cash customers can always nave money by giving ns eslewhere. auglTJ d.Vwtf WATT A WALKER. J. J. Willi 4; DO. II. VAKIIOHOI4HI, JOHN T.I7Id.KOD GILBERT & THORNTON, 15U ltroiul D. M. Ferry & Co.’s Celebrated Garden Seeds, ALL OF WHICH Warranted to be FreBh and Genuine. TllKY A KM Til F. Notice! Notice!! Notice A dl parties indebted to us ake requested to couto forward and settle, or their notes and accounts will bo placed In tho hands of our attorney lor collection. Wo have j kindly favored our customers by giving them j credit, when other merchants had refused to ! call and pay us c r ask that they respond to our | Best and Most Generally Used OF ANY IN THE MARKET, jaio lm We soll'no Goods on a credit, but will con- : tlnuo to sell our stock at Cost and below Cost for Cash. deed! dfkwlin .1NO. McGOUGH & CO. opium; r.lv i ii.wl. : nonublh-ilfc - I hUi.-p l<>r purt . .liar.. Dr. Cttr'k , Uu Wuiiiiiuuluu ML.Cbiumu, 1U ilO to 25 por Day ShS™.S*rt£"’o“ | tmi to veil an article »• BTAPLE n« COFFEE, to Fannor iul othvri Iu tlu-ir own iiriKlihorluH.dH. Fartioulara Free A4lrt*»-TB£ *4- Mo. | manufacturers. id positively ? lurulgia and wholesale and retail drug Send lor circular to the HEL.PHENSTEIN A BENTLEY, Druggists, ootl3 dfcwly Washington, D. O. J. J. WHITTLE & CO. HAVE OPENED IN COLUMBUS, UNDER CENTRAL HOTEL, A New Wholesale I Retail Grocery House, Where they will keep constantly on hand a Large and Complete Stock of STAPLE & FANCY (GROCERIES, KY GOODS; BAGGING AND ; Sugar nnd Syrup—all grades; Mills and Western J-lour ail grades’; Salt Fish and Canned Goods; Whiskeys, I Brandies, and Tobacco Colloo and Tea—all brands—together with a lull lino ol all Is kept in a lirst-class Grocery House. Tilt LOW ICS l\ and wo solicit tho pafronago of tho city and J. J. WHITTLE & CO. jtber (4i Our jurrounding AGRICULTURAL SUPPLIES. HOLSTEAD & CO., Agricultural Depot, 137 and 139 Broad Street COLUMIJI s. G'KORUIA. FAKMING MACHINERY AND IIII'EEME.VTH, WAT t', ENCELSIOK AND KAUMEItS' Eli I END PLOWS, TILE CEEEIiliATEI) “WHITEWATER WAGON," PIKE RAW AND DISSOLVED BONE, NOVA SCOTIA LAND PLASTER, CHEMICALS FOR COMPOSTING, SEED WHEAT, RYE, BARLEY, AND RUST PROOF OATS. iLOBN-TS I'OIT THE PRATT, BROWN AND HULL'S SELF FEEDING GINS. CHEW AULA LIME, LATHS, CEMENT AND PAINT, PONT POWDER COMPANY. oiAn ,'„.on. VOLSTEAD & CO. PHOTOGRAPHIC ARTIST. GLACE VS. BURNISH! WIl A oV' TUc I?uV>lio iu iuvltoci to call at .LIAMH' 1-"I > AliT OALLKRY 'ssy Surf -Finish. No other pi amount ot rubbing. The Burnish Glass uni time. As SAT1SFA4 are permanently local Photograph that retains the re in the city lakes’ them. Hard as glass. Stauds any ulod by water, alcohol, turpontinc, or anything ol tho kind, il-uv• i< only imitation, and retains Its Gloss but a short C A I, \ NT I-: HI) and wo are responsible lor our results, amt • ii-.iliing to risk In giving us your patronage. Brices the cloudy weather, plea call ; >d Ilia Williams keeps posted in
