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' ■' - - 1 - ■- f— "
iieucvaV iiaU’s AVwuvuWi-y, ,
Os the Campaign of the North Western t
Army, in the year IBl‘2. Addressed to I,
the people of the. United States. L
No. XIX. s
Before I left (lie enemy’s country, liaving
received inform ition tli.it some beef cuttle t
hud arrived at or near the river Hiisin, es- s
curled by a company id' militia from theji
Stale of Ohio, I made a detachment of two p
hundred men, under the command of Major h
Vm-horn, with orders to proceed to die ,
river Rdsin, and guard these cattle safely j
to camp.
At Brownstown, this detachment was
attacked by a body of savages, and entirely
defeated. According to Major Van hoi n’s'
report, eighteen men were killed, twelve
wounded, and ab >ut seventy missing. ILs
opinion was, that three hundred Indians
crossed from Malden,'and dial from one
hundred and fifty to two hundred were ac
tually engaged. Tills report was received
oa the alb of Augu t, two days belme the
retreat from .Sandwich. Tins unpiopitious
event increased thedidiculty .d my situation,
and more strongly convinced me how im
possible it was io continue offensive opera
tions, and furnish at the same time a suffi
cient force to give security to -ai extensive a
communication. The war had now become
botli offensive and defensive, and the little
army t commanded was alone left to carry
it on in both characters. This was among
the reasons which induced me to recross the
river, that 1 might be able to detach a more
powerful force to open the communication.
For tins purpose, therefore, on the very
♦lay the army retreated to Detroit, I order
ed a detachment of six hundred men, undei
the command of Colonel Miller, of the 4d
United States’ regiment. This commam
consisted nl all Hie effective men of tha
regiment, and a selection of the must elVec
live of the militia. It was likewise accom
panied by a field piece and howitzer, Iron
the tort at Detroit. Colonel Miller met i
body of the enemy, consisting of Brilisl
Loops, Canadian militia, and savages
which, having received information of ins up
proach, was formed in the woods in regain
order of battle. A disposition was innnedi
ately made on his part for an attack, and at
ter a severe contest, honourable to the Amcri
can arms, the enemy was compelled to re
treat, \fter pressing on his rear about tvvi
Hides, Col met Miller thought proper to dis
continue the puisuit, and the enemy cm
lurked, undercover ot his armed vessels
and recrossed to Malden. The loss, it
killed and wounded, in the battle, on oui
part, was about eighty. As soon as I re
ceived an account of the action, a re-enforce
ment of one hundred men, with a supply o|
provisions, under the command> of Colonel
McArtnur, was ordered to join Colonel
Miller’s detachment at Maguago. As soon
as the detachment hail recruited from its
fatigue, my intentions was, that it should
have proceeded on the expedition to‘.he river
Uaisia. A severe storm ol rain intervened,
and the troops wore exposed to 't without
any covering. I therefore thought it expedi
ent, on account of their great fatigue, to or
der them back to Detroit, and make an ar
rangement by another rout to open the com
munication.
The roa (to the river Raisin, which passed
through the Indian village of Brownstown,
being principally on the margin of the De
troit river, both troops ami convovs could
easily be annoyed by the gun boats and arm
ed vessels of the enemy. Besides, in ns
course, there was only Me river which sepa
rated it from the enemy’s piincipal post at
Malden. Being thus situated, it was al
most impossible t« secure it in such a man
ner as dial convoys could pass with any kind
ol safety. After Colonel Miller’s return to
Detroit, therefore, seeing the indispensable
necessity of obtaining the supplies which had
arrived at the river Raisin, and being in
formed of a circuitous rout, distant tiom the
river, 1 thought it expedient to make die at
tempt in that direction. 1 communicated
my intentions to Colonels McArthur an
Cass, and they not only lully approved ot
the measure, but off-red their services, as
volunteers, on the expedi ion. 1 likewise
communicated to them a leijor from Capl.
Brush, who commanded the escort of provis
ions, informing tne that he sh ml 1 take the
back road, and sh mld have occasion fur sup
port. I authorized Colonels McArthur and
C--ss to select tin most healthy and effective
m-:n of lh> ir regiments, and' directed the
Quarter M ister to lurmsh pack-horses to
carrv provisions tor them during their march.
w
On the 14th of August, they commenced
their march, under the command of Colonel
McArthur, attended by Colonel Cass. The
progress they made, and the circumstances
which attended the expedition, will hereafter
be related.
! bus will be seen the measures which
were adopted, and the efforts which were
made to open the communication, 1 have
been the more particular on this subject, be
cause it was made an article of charge a
gainst me. What more could have been
done, in my situation, anti with the force at
my disposal, 1 know not, unless I had re
treated with my whole force to the Miami. ,
t he reasons why I did not, have been slated ,
in these memoirs.
By the statement here made, (he truth of \
which will be manifest by the evidence and ,
documents in my trial, it appears that 1 made ,
thiee attempts to open my communication—
one by a detachment of two hundred men,
under the command of Major Van-horn ; ,
another by a detachment of six hundred of
the best and most effective part of the army, ;
under the command of Colonel Miller; and
the third, by all the healthy and effective
men of McArthur’s and Cass’ regiments,
which the two Colonels were authorized to
select and command themselves.
1 now ask the candid reader, in itnagina- -
tion, to fix himself at Detroit, and view my
situation : i ask him to read the orders ot
jtlie govendnent, which positively placed me
iui tnis situation, eighteen miles in die rear
j'd die enemy s principal post in the province |
ol Upper Canada ; to look over the waters
jOl the hike, and behold the hostile naval ;
[armament which commanded the in ; to view '
not only the enemy’s principal post, situated
jon tnese waters, hut all his magazines es-l
{lablished on tiiem, protected oy th.s nav.d
armament, and capable oi oemg iiansporied,
'■wiln the greatest salely ami f-icilc.y, to any'
’ j point where they be necessary. After!
'viewing the situation Ith enemy, ami Ins,
■ liesources, 1 ask you more punicut.irlv to
look at mine. \on must i.mk thr-iugii a ;
: dreary wilderness ot mure than two hundred'
’ miles, tilled with hostile helm y-m
l > can find a base on which .my magazines wen
* established, by which my iitle at my could
be supplied vvitli the means of suosi-tenee.
through tins wilderness you will see no
H possible cuinniuuicatiuii, excepting n a sin
gle road, opened by the labour ami tudg-o-
1 ‘ of this little army, in penetrating to the pu»i
--y tion to which it was ordered. Tins only ami
£ single line ol operation, was liable to be ob
e strucied by the savage force, to which the
e nature of the country was peculiarly suited ;
by the wit >le force ot the enemy’s troops,
>’ both British and Canadian ; and between
the Miami and Detroit, seventy miles, by
:| the gun boats and armed vessels on the lake.
’ I • o lve security to this communication, you
d will see nothing but two or three solitary
11 blockhouses, built by the troops when the
road was opened, and guarded only by a few
' invalid militia, le.t in them on the march
1,1 By tiie loregning memoirs, and by the evi
• l deuce on my trial, you will perceive there
-a was no adequate force, on tins long line ol
* > operation, turni.shed by the government, to
T gi'o security to it, lor the prolmtion ofcoii
* r voys. And when you consnlei the a in, ;s
I hail made and their const qu ores, I dunk
I you will be satisfied, that with m< whole
i l uce I could not have slrelchei 'back so
’’ great a ilistance as to have preserved the
communicatioM. To illustrate a subject ol
* tins kind tlie best writers on miliiai y omve
'■ ments compare an army’s lines of operation
s > to the muscles ol the human body, on which
n tne lile and mot.ons of the members depend.
Ir M lieu the whole moving spring of a member
“• lis confined to a single muscle, the loss of
which would render it useless, it is the more
d important to defend it from every hurt. :So
‘1 u single offensive line is, to an army march
‘l ing towards an object, a part singularly
n sensible, and cannot be too carefully guard
-8 ed from contact ot the enemy,
d From the nature of the country from Mi
r *mi to Detroit, it was impossible to have
. more than one line of operation, and it lias
t been sho vu how singularly it was exposed
■ to be intercepted and rendered useless.
1 ims 1 think, from the expositin given of
- my situation, every unprejudiced reader
- will be convinced that, there was no possi
bility ol obtaining any supplies, from any
| magazines from my country. I shall now
, offer for your consideration, the best evi-|
. deuce mid the best documents the nature of
1 the case will admit of, to satisfy you of thel
. state ol the magazines at Detroit, and thel
j supplies which could have been obtained
. from the country around it.
t As a true knowledge ot this subject is very
. impur.ant in forming an opinion of the mca*
. sures I adopted, and as the grossest misre
-1 presentations have been made by my ene
i mies, I shall make it a separate article in
i my next number.
1— UOD -
Internal Improvement. — The London pa
; pers inform us that “ of the only two canals
which unite Liverpool and Manchester, the!
1 thirty-nine original proprietors of one oil
them, the Old Quay, have been paid every!
I other year fur halt a century, the total a ]
s mount of their investments; and a share in
. this canal, which cost only has recent !
.Iy been sold for jC1,250. With regaul tJ
the other, the late Duke ol Bridgewater’*'
. there is good reason to believe, that the net
income has, for the last twenty years, aver-l
aged nearly Tl()0,0l)l) per annum.'’
A Paris papersays, that an Knglish As-'
B *'ciali m, possessing a capital of one hundred 1
millions, is forestalling all the cotton ! j
From tht National InUlligtncer.
TALLAHASSEE—in Florida.
We received, yesterday, the first number of
a new paper, printed in Florida, at Talla
hassee, the spot fixed upon and recently
occupied as the Seat of Government, by
the title of the “ Florida Intelligencer .”
the following account of this “young
capital” w ill be interesting to most of our
readers, some of whom have scarcely ever
heard the name of it:
Fnlluhussee. —This young capital of Flo
rida is already attracting the attention of
capitalists. Many buildings are erecting,
and others are in a state of preparation,
even before the sale of the lots, which will
take place on tbe fourth day of April, ft is
situated on a beautiful and commanding em- i
tnence, about 18 miles north of St. Marks,
in the bosom of a fertile and picturesque
country. Ihe south side of the town is wa
tered by innumerable springs of pure water,
and a clear and pleasant stream passes by
the east and south sides, at the distance of a
few yards, and after passing the town, as if
sensible of the point of its usefulness was
past, fails over the rock which beds the
stream, forming a pleasant cascade,and pas
ses off by a subterraneous passage.
The country around Tallahassee, and ex
tending from the Suwannee to near the
Apalachicola river, has deservedly attracted
♦he attention ot travellers, and those who
have visited it with a view of a permanent
settlement. The fertile lands between the
above mentioned rivers extend from east to
Svest from eighty to one hundred miles, and
(i-mi north to south about fifteen miles.—
I his tract < f country, much of which is
| adapted to the sugar, is finely
| wateied by the tributary streams of the Su
wannee, the St. Mai ks, Wakulla, Okelock
'Oii'-v, Little river, and several other smaller
{livers and -tceaiii*, and is beautifully sind :
•led with lakes and ponds of the purest wa-j
;t'T. Ihe land is rolling, with here and l
'liere an emi erne, that rises considerably;
.above the sm rounding cotmliy, which will
..rt i ! deligo.tlul seats (or the opulent or
me at leisure.
i Ins country, notwithstanding its singular
1 oeau y and le dli v, becomes more intere*t
•| ing Iron, the indubitable evn enre of as Imv
■ ing been mice densely popumted by acivili
/■ a lace ot iien. Almost every eminence
is capped widi anc ent ratifications, which
appear regular, and some o them sub-tan
' t.ally formed. At F- it St. Louis, about
5 (wo mu, s west oi Tallahassee, , ve been 1
> found reiiioa as of iron , anniHi, spikes, hin i
1 ges, locks, cite, which ate , videntiy of Spun•;
' isii manutacturr, and which have not been)
• much n juren by the rus', i
1 V\ ithin the pi n cipal fort, for the outwoiksj
seems to have been numerous and exlen
-2 si ve, are (he ruins of two brick edifice# ;
>2 one was about sixty (cet by f rty, the o hm
about thirty by twenty. Tin si’ai- in to
t i tuitis, and nolliaig but a in umi appears
(2 whe re die walls stoo composed wholly of
11 broken bricks, which had he o composed of
11 ' oarse sandy clay, and burned in the rno
ici n fashion. Vet on tin very walls of these
* buildings are oaks, eighteen inches in diam
* eter. Un die same idli, and in fact within
c in out win ks ot to is tort, are to b<* seen grape
I amors in parallel Sines, which still maintain
t‘ then p; i-.|u,e regularity.
*i Ihnkii seem m have been in general use,
l lo‘ Kiev have been discovered in several
1 pnice- by digging a little bel iw the surface
>o) heeaith. Within the town of Tallahas
. -ee some were dug up, having a substance
■ i adhering to them resembling lime mortar.
II iiui.no die (nil, about a halt a mile south
2 east ol he t 'apitol, are to he seen the greaf
* esi proof of a dense population. On this hill
me to ne seen streets or roads, running
dneatly at right angles, at such distances as
' demonstrate the former existence of a pret
ty large town. The shade trees of he for
• mer inhabitants still remain,and are gene
rally of live oak, and near which mav be
> discovered grape arbors of more or less re°--
1 ularity, in several instances we discovered
a species of the plumb tree.
1 There has been much speculation ami in
jquiry concerning the former inhabitants of
ithis country, who they were, and at what
time they flourished. No records are with
in our reach, and the Spanish inhabitants at
the extremes of the Territory had no knowl
edge of this country, much less of the people
1 who once lived here, but have long since
disappeared. Some, however, say that re
cords of the fact do exist at Havaona, and
tliat measures have been taken to obtain
them; that Leon was the adventurer, who
led a colony hither, but the precious metals
ol Soutii America and Mexico so occupied 1
the attention ol the Spanish Government,
that this infant col my was suffered to fall a
prey to the Indians.
The traditionary accounts of the Indians
at every plausible, and are coroborated by
many existing and cimnnstantial facts,— 1
| 1 hey claimed this , ountry at their late trea- 1
1 1y at St. Augustine, as belonging to them
by right of comptov, achieved'by their an
cestors. They represent, that it was once
(densely populated by u race of white men,
| who settled in this country, and incorporated
themselves with rtie Vumissee Indians.— j
I hut the anussees adopted theii habits and!
became Christians, but ceased to be Inditing,
'men. I hat this people had fine houses,!
j carriages, herds of cattle, &c and made wide
Iroads, and bridges over rivers and stieani
pt! water. 1 hut they also had m i.iv forts
land big guns. At this time the Cie, k fn i
Idians made frequent attacks upon them, but
were generally unsuccessful, as they then ■
fought with bows and spears, for they had
not yet learned the use of the rifle. At .
length, after losing many warriors, they as
sociated with themselves all the tribes be
tween Georgia and the Mississippi, with
many others far in the North, and came
down unexpectedly into this country. The
w hite inhabitants generally fled to their forts,
while most of the Yamasses fell into their ■
hands. The men were put to death, but the j
women and children were carried into cap- (
livity.
They carried universal desolation over
the face ol the country, as the. surest method
of reducing the fortified places. T hey had 1
made attempts to storm these, and bound 1
thick pieces of wood before their persons, as •
a protection from the bullets, but the big,
guns broke their defences in pieces, and des- ,
troyed their warriors. At length famine
and war destroyed all, save the garrison in ‘
Fort St. Louis, I his, after resisting every)*
diversity of attack was at last abandoned.!
and destroyed, and the garrison retired tojj
a considerable fort near the mouib of the I
Okelockony, where was afterwards fought ai 1
great and decisive battle, which made the 1
Creeks masters of the country. t
The Indians designed, when they under- I
took to possess themselves of the country, .
to settle and reside here. But, as they ex
pressed it, they were too foolish, and hud 1
rendered it uni ,habitable. They had des- ‘
st roved the houses, and there was no wood i
to build others. They had destroyed or^|
consumed the domestic animals, and there)
was no game to subsist them. They were 1
therefore, obliged to retire from the scenes 1
o( their own desolation, a small part west of i
the Apalachicola river, and the others to ]
their own country.
Many of the leading statements in the
foregoing account are strongly coroborated '
)by circumstances and facts within the
jknowledge of many Americans. This is said '
jtohe the country of the ancient Vamassees, |
.and iti-a fact that the Creeks have held a
slave race, descended from the Yamassee *
nation, which has but recently been incorpo- 1
rated with her tribe. It is also a fact, that 1
forts were very numerous, and that Fort St. (
Louis bears evident marks of having been ■
destroyed by the whites, from the mutilated
appearance of tiie cannon, which must have '
b eti broken by sledge hammers. There is 1
also said to be a very considerable fortifies- i
tion in the neighbourhood of the Okelocko- ,
ny. From the growth of the forest trees,
ji f must have been about two hundred years
since the country was laid waste. Be that’
jas it may, it is rapidly populating anew and i
1 1 he power of the natives is now broken.— ,
VVe have nothing to fear from them, and \
:they cannot, if they would, repeat the des- .
1 oia'ing scenes which once swept over this 1
beautiful domain. i
[ 'Flor. Intelligencer. .
From the Connewungu, (Penn.) Emigrant.
Corn planter, the Season and a Famine
■ Cornplunter is one of the chiefs of the Sene
.ca Nation <>| Indians, lie lives on the Al
, leghany river, 16 utiles above this place.
He is noted for courage and the active part
i he took against the Americans in the bloody .
* scenes at Wyoming ; he is averse to saying j
; any thing on that subject or even to hearing
it spoken of. He was instigated to (he
, part he took (as is said) by the noted But- I
1 ler. He is about 90 years of age; retains i
, his power of mind remarkably well. His
speeches, though quite untutored, are gene !
, rally forcible and prevailing. He is deci
, opposed to selling out their lands.— 1
The nation is about equally divided on that <
question-have held several councils on (
the subject, and lie was the means of carry
ing the vote against it. He is also opposed
to have the * Black coals’ (missionaries *
come among them and to schools. The t
reason of his opposition to the latter, is j
this;—lie gave ids son Henry a tolerable
good English education, which he perverted c
to the worst purposes. It made him impu- 1
dent, arrogant and roguish. Among a great t
many acts of villainy, of which he has been t
guilty, there is one which has incensed the
mind of his father against him perhaps more
than any other :—The old man left a quan
tity of lumber at Pittsburgh to be sold at
commission. So soon as Ids son Henry as- 1
certained that it was disposed of, he forged <
an order, went and drew the money to the \
amount of several hundred dollars, and
spent the whole in gambling and dissipation.)
About the first of January last this chief *
prophesied and declared it in a council of liisj 3
nation, that there is to be a Famine. He, 1
stated it had been revealed to him by the |
“ Great Spirit ;” he told them the winter ;
would be mild ; but little snow, and that /
there would be no freshet in the spring to
run lumber. He enjoined it on them to f
save all their corn, and bring all they wished
to sell to him. He has actually bought in a t
quantity of corn and other provisions, in the t
full belief that a famine will take place.—
However it may turn out, we hope it may '
have this effect : lobe so far believed bv -
those who are in the habit of selling then
grain at a low price, or exchanging it for (
whiskey in the fall and winter, and before
harvest having it to buy at double as much' 1
jas they soi l it for, as to cause them to save; 1
.enough at least to last them till next fall,
j At any rate his prophesies turn out t 1
far to be literally true. Our winter o' n ,
ther our winter months, are gone. \\
have at no time had more than three icht
of sno v —ami that but twice, and lr .
hree or four days. ,
CONSTITUTIONALIST.
AUGUSTA'.
TUESDAY, MAY 10. 1825.
Ihe account of the death ol General
MTntosh was very unexpected, aad has
produced much regret. Humours had in
deed readied us ol the disattcction ol si me
ot the Indians towards him, but tliej seem
ed to be entitled to little respect; lor,
ilioiougiily acquainted with me cnaiacter of
ins countrymen, he would, it was presum
ed, have Kept out ol harm’s way or taken
pioper measures of precaution, had there
been good reason to suspect danger, it
appears however, that he was deceived—
surprised and murdered—and those who
remember his attachment to the whites, ami
his services to the country, deplore sincere
h his cruel and untimely death. W e have
not at hand materials for sketching either
the life or character of Gen. M'lntosh—
but he was certainly an extraordinary man
—possessed of ardent feelings— strong in
leuect and dauntless courage. His view*
of the condition and future prospects of
the red men ol the South are said to have
i been accurately and wisely formed—he wa*
‘he most clear-sighted and intelligent of
1 the Chiefs of his nation. His son has gone
to Washington with information ot the
bloody business, and it is hoped that the
Government will promptly coerce such a-
I tenement, as it is now in the power of lh»
ilmlians to make. If tins be done, the sur
[veying of our newly acquired Lands may
be accomplished, we think, without either
dread or danger. Thanks to the firmnes*
of our Governor, and o Ur delegation in
Congress—to the spirited exertions of the
Commissioners appointed to negotiate the-
Ireaty, the time is now in prospect, when
we shall be annoyed no more by the war
whoop—or by the butcheries of the scalp
ing knife; ami in thus expressing ourselves,
we do not exclude from consideration the
prosperity of the Indians, which we hav*
before said, will but be promoted by a re
moval to the vast plains beyond the Mis
sissippi, where a well digested scheme for
their civilization should be immediately put
into operation. We have talked and writ
ten much about the amelioration of tlie con
dition of (he Indians, and theorists, ignor
ant of their character and habits, have ad
vanced splendid and captivating doctrines
but what has been done f A few schools—
a few proficients in liteiature ;— a few
churches—a few converts to the religion of
Christ: a few fields and a few laborers—
are the mighty trophies won by the htnnan
jiiy and wisdom ot the Government from
large tribes of unlettered Heathen—indif
lerent but to the gratifications of die mo
ment and as reckless of human suffering,
as of the pangs of the wild-deer that fall
beneath their death-dealing rilles. Indiana
like other men may be trained and cultivat
ed, but the Philanthropist who would suc
ceed, must intimately know them, and even
then with cai e and caution to the opinions
and practices of a more enlightened socie
ty. He who shall hereafter exert his know
ledge and his powers to frame and to apply (
a scheme tor their improvement, will merit
more the honors and applause of the nation,
than any Missouri Jiestrictionist or projec
tor of Roads and Canals.
—eoo -
Our market has exhibited for several
days past a gloomy prospect to holders of
Cotton ; and prices have gradually declined,
without any indications of a disposition in
sellers or buyers to do any thing. The few
parcels that have been sold went off at 20
a 24 cents, according to quality. By the
mails of Saturday evening, we are put in
possession of Liverpool quotations to 29th *'
Match, at which time upland Cotton ranged
ftom 12$d a 16 a d and 17d had been refused
for prime on the evening of the 29th.
Ihe total st,.es during 6 days amounted
to 60,000 bales at Liverpool. It is thought
that the article will continue to improve?—
Our latest dates from Havre are of the 25tK
March. Uplands were steady at 30 to 36.
The stock left on hand was 9000 bale*
Cotton of a- ascriptions, and the monthly
consumption rated at 12,500 bales. All the
other markets on the continent were equally
1 re.
In consequence of these flattering accounts
vee hi ■ e had more enquiry for Cotton, and
'ct has been offered and refused for lota.
' -.took in warehouses is about 20,00#
b; _•».