The constitutionalist. (Augusta, Ga.) 1823-1832, June 03, 1825, Image 2

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staew—»> •nr • dEwiniiriiT^^nw^ »,o.«o1iIVj i LOiX A LIST. i'RljriED AND PUBLISHED BY WILLIAM J- BUNCK. Conditions, frc. for tho CITY PAPER, twice » week. Five Dollar* per Annum, payable it advance. COCNTH-V once m week, Three Dollar* per annum, in advanc*-. kCT No d»»oon!tmied till direction* to that effect ire given aud all arruaragm PAID. TKRM9.. . • Five J> tilers p f *r annum payable in advance. IY ADVKHTI3KM ftittv-twoan 1 « half e«*nn. per lonian*, for the «r*t insertion and V irty-three and in •• mmrler e-mi*, lor each continuant e fry- COMMUNICATIONS >v Mail, mint be Port-paid, Sales of Und nod neuron*, by Administrator*, Kiecutors \r (Jnorftiftn*, ore required. i'V w * to he held on the Hr,t In n,„ month. between the (lours of ten in the forenoon «nil in tlienflcrnnon, at Hie Court- Home ~f the county in wlneii the property IS fitlinb —Notice n( (hese sell , nillitbe (riven in » public gH*oUe SI XTY dftj* previous to the d»y ut rale. Notice of the rule of per,one! property must he given in like men ner, FORTY iluvv previous to the do/ of ,»!e. Notire In the debtor* and oredlloriof an estate must he published for FORTY levs. o\* V oU» v\\V)w\. Fpom “El Colomh'nuin,” of the 6th April lust, we extract the following official arti cles emanating fioin the government of Colombia, which throw additional light on the state «f affairs in that Republic anil ; also in Peru. \_Nal. Intelligencer. ~ The Hard renunciation of the Presidentship of Colombia made by the Liberator. —— j To His Excellency the President or the Senate. j Excellent Sir: Tho peace of Peru, which our arms have effected, by the most glon- . «us victory of the new world, has terminated the war on the American continent, loos Colombia has no longer an enemy m her i,wn territories, or in those ot her neighbms. 1 have therefore fulfilled my mission, con sequently it is time to reali'/a* the promise l| have so often made to my country, «l retir- 1 ing from pulilic life when an enemy was no longer to be lound in America. All the world observes ami confesses that my continuance in Colombia is no longer necessary, and no one is mure sensible ot this fact than myself. I most, even add that I deem my glory at its height, on Mini ding my country free, consolidated,and tranquil, ere I withdraw from its glorious shores. My absence in Peru ha* manifested the truth ol this fact, and I flatter myself that in luturc, the liberty and glory of Colombia will still further increase. The Legislative body, the Vice President, the Army, and Nation, have demonstrated, in the very outset ol then career, that they are worthy ol liberty, and fully capable of sustaining it against every opposition. Let me honestly confess to Your Excellency, that I wish that both Eu rope and America should be satished ol my abhorrence of supreme power, uiuli't what ever aspect or name it may be conferred on me. My feelings are wounded by the atro cious calumnies lavished on me, at once by the liberals of America, and the seroiles ot Europe. Dav and night I arn disquieted by the impressions that my enemies entertain, of my services in favor ol liheity being prompted by ambi : ion. In short, 1 venture to state to Your Excellency, with unusual frankness, which I hope will be excused, that I think the glory of Colombia will suffer by my continuance in her territories; inasmuch as it will always be imagined, that she is threatened by a tyrant; and the outrage I thus offered to me, will, in some sort, tarnish,l the lustre of 'her virtues, since I form a part, although ihc least, of the Republic. ;j 1 beg Your Excellency will be pleased to I submit to the consideration ol the Senate, i my renunciation of the Presidency of Colom-jt bia. Its admission will be an ample recoin- 1 ] pence for my services in both Republics. i Your Excellency will please to accept the. j assurance of my distinguished consideration, j SIMON BOLIVAR. Limn, December 23, 1834. i I ANSWER. 1 .ij To His Excellcnc}/ Ihc Liberator and Presi- I dent of the Republic of Colombia. ij Senate House, Bogota, ) L Feb run ry, 11,1833. —15. $ 1 j Excellent Sir: lu conformity with the communication I had the honor to make to i Your Excellency in my note of the Ist in- | slant, I assembled the two legislative Cham- i hers on the Bth instant, at night, in order to , deliberate in their wisdom on the renuncia- ] tion made by Your Excellency of die Presi- j dency rtf the Republic. The coinmunica ion | of Your Excellency having been read, and I this delicate affair proposed for discussion, a most profound and dignified silence prevail ed for some time. This truly expressive si lence—a silence more eloquent tuau human language, continued for the spice of fifteen minutes. The females,and numerous spec tators, who occupied the galleries of the Senate, were immoveable, and anxiously awaited the decision of the Legislature. At length the question of the retirement >q Your Excellency was put to the vote, and 1 have the pleasure of announcing its reject in bv the seventy-three members coniposin the Congress; namely, twenty-one Senator and fifty-two Representatives. Then was, that this amiable People—this Poop that adores its Liberator; could not restrai its transports of joy. The clapping of 114 1 ■ • was heard for the first time in the Chamb Your Excellency was cheered wifi the m lively enthusiasm, and the Legislators al> were applauded for having manifes’ed correct a judgment in this august delibera. tion. All was joy, all was gaiety. The People, Sir, knew not how to express their feelings of satisfaction, tenderness, and pure delight. In short, they proved how precious to them was the father of Colom bia, the friend of the human race, in a mode as sincere as it was energetic. Your Ex cellency would have been deeply afflicted, had jmu (fortunately for us) beheld this moving scene. The cherished, the respect ed name of Simon Bolivar, resounded throughout Bogota, and the numerous assem blage of both sexes, that with contested hearts crowded streets, contributed to the solemnity of this act of Congress. There was not an individual who did not repose more tranquilly for knowing that your Ex cellency continued in the Presidency of the Republic. Sucli are the events of the memorable night of the Bth of February, which I have the satisfaction of communicating to your Excellency. Your Excellency will please (0 accept the 'sentiments of my distinguished considera tion and respect. LUIS A. BAR AULT, President of the Senate. ! We find from the Commercial Adverti ser of New-York, Irom which we have a- | bridged the following statement, that a school has been founded at Albany under the auspices of a name almost synonymous with that of benevolence, Stephen Van Ren selaer—the grand object of which is to “ cause the student to he instructed in the application of science to the common pur-j poses ol life, by a course of experimental | |exercises which cannot be effected in the! work shops or in the field. Having thus acquired a practical knowledge of the ele mentary basis of every calling with iL ' pcndence on all others, he will he qualified for entering the work shop of a particular jiirti/.an, or for the labours of a particular |farmer, or for studying a learned profession, which requires a general knowledge of eve ry known pursuit.” Balt. Am. “ To effect this important object, a to tally new plan ol instruction is adopted. It is that of exercising students in giving lectures themselves by turns, with practical illustrations on all the subjects of instruc tion, Gen. Van. Renselaer first appoint ed a preliminary term of fifteen weeks for making the trial. At the end of seven weeks the trustees met to witness the suc cess ol the experiment, which was in the highest degree satisfactory.—lt was found that a large number of students might be taught upon this plan without any of that embarrassing interference which might by many have been anticipated. In this school degrees are to be conferred on the most meritorious. In the summer time the students are to be exercised by sec tions under the direction of the teacher, in the art of inoculation and engiafting trees, transplanting frees, cutting, and layers! prunning frees, surveying farms, calculating heights and distances, measuring curded wood, scantling and boards, and the solid contents of timber, guaging casks, taking measures, and calculating the velocity and pressure of rivers, water raceways, aque ducts, &c collecting and preserving plants and minerals, and in such other laborious exercises as shall comport with the objects of the school. In the winter term they will be exercised bv sections, at the workshop in the school building, in the use of tools, to qualify them (nr making repairs and performing small Jobs, when a professional artist is not at hand. By such exercises in the work shop, it. is not intended that students shall be qualified for exercising any of the mechan ical arts; but for avoiding the delay and expense of calling a distant mechanic to accomplish a purpose which does not require a set «(tools appertaining to anv trade. During (he whole winter term, students are also employed in giving experimental lectures on the subjects ol the instruction received during the summer term They give their lectures by sections, before the professors and their assistants. At the intervals between lectures, they resort to the common reading room, to prepare their notes for the next exercise, where they have free access to an ample scientific library.) By this course of exercises, eacli student 1 makes every subject of instruction com pletely his own ; and by his daily lectures to his fellow students, his superiors, and such visitors us may be invited in, wears off his native timidity, and becomes qualified for giving public courses of instruction, and for performing other public duties.” j The expenses of the students for the 1 whole course are put down at 596. There lis a large and extensive library, as well as ia cabinet of mineralogical and geological specimens provided, 1 , “ After receiving the Renselaer Decree, jibe student is forever after to be ennsider jed as a member of the school, and may have access to the collections, to the reading room, the lectures, fee, lice of expense. He is also entitled to the patronage of the trus 'ees, and is responsible to them for his mo al conduct. It is his duty to .write to the > »ard at least once in three years, and enm ninicaie all his new discoveries and im rnvements.” Al/ered Yorth Carolina Notes. —One > 'liar Bills of the Stale Bank of N. Caro -10l fire new imp'-ession, engraved bv Inrrav, and Draper, Furman & ('n. alter-l to Two Dollars, are in circul ition ini irfolk. They are said to he delected by, a single examination. ' ■ TOR THE CONSTITUTIONALIST. \ ?f«. 2i.—POETRY. . Mr. Editor, ; _ In resuming the task I have . assigned myself, I shall foi the sake of me , tli'>d, commence with the last of the sub , jects which in my first communication I Proposed to examine, viz: the effect «*f oetry generally —by effect I mean the . changes which it produces in our me Hal 1 operations and moral dispositions, and in i Ufe * r ij(i B ,e w ord Poetry, Ido not intend (e*- . cepnn cases which will be sufficiently ob ; vious) to confine myself to its limited sense . of a metrical composition, but shall consi ; dec it—as from its derivation we are war ranted in doing—to signify any form of . speech or collocation of words in which an . address is made to the imagination rather r than the judgment (A) in this sense there is much good poetry which is not metrical . ly arranged, and not a little verse without any poetry in it, it is true that verse like a wife in law, has her existence so merged in that of poetry, that they are generally con , sidered as one. Yet nevertheless, certain [persons who since the days of Dry den ami .iPope, have been compelled nolens vo/ens to .'inhabit the attic apartments of grub-street i have frequently procured a separate main ■ tenance for her : tin* poems called Osstans i (B) and the book of Job in the old testa , ment, are good examples of poetry without , verse, and almost every newspaper will fur . nish instances of verse without, poetry. ;()ur inquiry then is, what is the effect of poetry in its most comprehensive sense? [ —I speak of the use not the abuse of it and with this limitation, i answer unhesi tatingly, that it exalts the imagination, pu-' ■Ti'Shiid cultivates the taste and leaves , all our affections more happdy disposed for • the performance of our du»ies ; he who . “ feels his < yes filled with pleasant tears”, ias he beholds “the sun softly sink and . float alotig the western paradise of clouds” —(Cain 2d Act.) must love and win snip (heg eai and benevolent Creator.who form jed objects so indescribably beautiful, and ■|endowed him with the faculty of perceiv ing their beauty—tha' love of God winch is | the essence of piety, and deemed by ma (ny the basis of every correct system of , Ethics, must be produced to some extern, 1 by a perception of the beauty, order and sublimity of Ids creation : “ Thus at their ihady lodg-‘ arriv’d, both ttood, Both turn’d, and under open sky dor’d The God that made both sky, air ear b and heaven. Which they beheld, the mo n's r pleadeiu globe. Am! starry pole; Thou also mad’sl the night, Maker omnipotent! and thou the day Which we, in our appointed work employ’d Have finish'd - This said unanimous, and other rites Observing none, but adoraiioi pure Which God likes best, into their inmost bovver Handed they went ,~~Paniditt lust, ilh hook , 720, 738 fines. What condensed sublimity of thought and expression characterizes (he rova! He brew I'oet’s'declaration of the same senti ment in the 19 h Psalm ? Ist. The heavens declare the glorv of God, and the firmament slieweth his handy work. 2d. Day unto day uttereth speech, and night unto night slieweth knowledge. 3ii. There is no speech nor languja'-e where their voice is not heard. How emphatically is the operationtha | sentiment in our feelings, described By ron, in the 3d Canto of Child HaroliP* St. 89tli ' V I Krorn lh« high host Os stars, to the lull’d bike and mountaiu coast, AH is concentered in a life intense Where not, nor air, nor leaf is lost. But hath a part of being, and a sense Os that, which is of all Creator and defence. 90th. Then stir* the feeling infinite, so felt I In solitude where we are least alone ; | A truth, which through our being then doth melt And purities from self; - ..... 1 91st. 1 Not vainly did the early Persian make I fils altar the high places and the peak | Os earth—oVrgacing mountains, and thus take r A til and unrivall’d temple, there to seek The spirit in whose honor shrines are weak Uprear’d of human hands. Come and compare Columns and idol-dwellings Gotlie or Greek, ( W ith nature’s realms ot worship, earth and air \ Nor fix on fond abodes to circumscribe thy pray’r.” | ■ Even Southey whom his greater rival, , last quoted, has almost lashed out of the i ranks of Poetry, on this subject felt the , true inspiration , “ Go thou and sack the house of prnyar 1 to the woodlands wend, and there 4 In lovely nature see the God of Lore. The swelling organ's peai i Wakes not my soul to zeal | Like the wild music of the wind*swep! grove. [Od# writ- J ten Sunday Morning ] I might multiply quotations until I had [included the whole list of Poets, for there ! never was one entitled to that appellation, who did not at some time feel and express the same sentiment, for " It is a tone The soul and source of music, which makes known Eternal harmony.” ( ] If such is the effect of the Poetry of ex- i | ternal objects when seen (C) is there not, i when they are brought hack on us again bv i the glowing descriptions of the poet? some i analogous operation on our feelings, or ra-i ther is not the effect increased ? ( That soul which, though latent, seems i mixed up with every grand and beautiful I object, speaks audibly4n the voice of the ■, , Poet, and to every other charm is added that which arises from (be mysterious ener gy ot mind, that wondeilul power which' (contains in itself the embryon of all crea |tnm, tor as Akenside enthusiastically ex claims : Mind, miod alone, (bear witness, etrth and Heave*),] j The living fountain! in itself contains Os beauteous and sublime. Pleasures of imag. Ist Book, and The beings of the mind are not of clay, Ess < ntially immortal, they create, And multiply in us h brighter ray i And more beloved existence : 4th Ca nto Child Harold. V\ hat Christian is there who does not ■ feel Ids piety exalted, and his love for, anti [ confidence in, the goodness of God incieas f ed,by the poetical passages in the old and ? new testament ? and whose soul docs not I melt with tenderness, when he reads the 1 touching declaration of Jesus ? “Ob Jerusalem, Jerusalem thou who - kilh st the prophets, and stonest them who 2 are sent unto thee, how often would 1 have - gathered thy children, even as a hen gather - eth her chickens under her wings, and ye f would not! Behold ! your house is left i unto you desolate,” And what are the j r Parables and Metaphors which are to be i found on almost every page of the Evan gelists, hut poetry, and that of the bright t est order ? Surely He best knew in what i language to address himself to the hearts i of the miserable and depraved beings whom - he came to teach. I I I shad dose this branch of my subject, 1 by hazarding an opinion which will doubt i less seem a bold one, and is so far as I [know, an original one, it is that the faculty . which is principally employed in produc ing poetry, viz : the imagination, is the on ly one of those which compose mind, that is peculiar to man. Reason or judgment is [denied to brute animals, and yet it would , ,[be extremely difficult I apprehend, to fdiaw the line of discrimination clearly, he -1 tween the reason or judgment shewn by the ■ dog, elephant, monkey and others on many occasions, and that which seems to govern a , ■ man in exactly the same situation, by which 1 , parallelism of situation, I mean one w! ose ( (acuities have never been cultivated by that [ , collision of intellect which is ; lie consequence ,«f our ability to converse with each other such a one for example as the wild man who [ was found in the forests of Poland during i the last century, who had never seen or ( conversed with one of his own species ; such e a man and a dog would equaly retreat from a fire, when ou approach!' g it too near for ' the fi'st time, they found it was painful, 1 and would equally return to it in the cold [ ' weather, when they found at a certain dis- J Itance that it was comfortable and gave plea sure ; hut the man would also sometimes ° pause to look on a beautiful verdant plain p and listen to the murmur of the rivulet that „ watered it, or to the songs of the birds who j' flutte. ed among the foliage of its trees, he a would no doubt admire and pluck a richly colored vvik flower, and inhale its fragrance with delight; all these objects the dog would pass unheeded, for in what instance ' did a brute animal ever evmee a perception of [ the beauty or grandeur of external objects, or give well marked indications of deriving * pleasure from the fragrance of a flower, the melody ol music (■») the beauty of a valley, j tree or river, or the sublimity of a stupen dous mountain. If tuns lam right the ini- 1 .Agination is the only distinguishing w pecu liar faculty of the soul and | go further and assert that so far as regards our own abilitv to wnght or wrong, and so far as ouV ( ~vv. . faculties are the agents in the produc tion of goad and evil, that is the final cause, | Vir the c‘Use sine qua non of our virtues, be- f [cause it is that one of the constituents of ( ,i,in,tor soul (I use these words as synoni l„./Us, and whether right or wrong, it I am S understood it is sufficient) which governs our feelings and which disposes us to act promptly, without waiting to make cold and selfish calculations on (he advantages or dis- •" advantages likely to result from it. (E.) 11 I am about to state a case which may be I' considered perhaps as the Ultima Thule of: human speculations or the influence ofsel fishness : suppose a traveller in the great p desert of Arabia—he may be a Nubian, an Arab or an European, it matters not-—if he is a human being, he is the last of his Caravan, even his Camel has at length fal- . jen and fainted from thirst and inanition. v the fiery simoom is behind him, already scorching him with its hot breath, the bound- v less ocean of Arid sand is before him, and . on his right and left are those awful pillars?, with their heads in the clouds, and their L feet on the earth red as “ the crimson colored | a clouds of even”—now advancing and then'o receding, sometimes with the rapidity of the \ whirlwind—and again with noisless steps moving with a slowness and tranquility more appalling, than the most rapid motion or tre mendous sounds could be, but threaten! n<- every moment to bury him beneath a moun- g tain ot sand, (F) his last cruse of water and v handful of meal cannot prolong his exis- 0 tence many hours, for the wells are far a wav, 1 and his bones must whiten in the desert-^- \l " Alas I 1 Nor wife, nor children more shall he behold v Nor friends, nor sacred home.” [Thumfttn't Season,- b Winter.] But suddenly he pauses—he gazes as though ® he peered through the solid earth—what 1 does he see ?—far on the remotest bounds 1 of the horizon he beholds a green Oasis, more beautiful than the valley of Rocnabad,’ v already he seems to behold the waving of " its graceful palm-branches, to smell the o- c dor of its flowers, to hear the bubling mur- e tour of its crystal waters, and to feel the freshness of its air, his last drop of water and mouthful of meal may give him strength a to reach it, and he prepares to take them, fi and then to spring forward with the reno- <1 vated vigor and hopes redolent of life and e happiness ; but his purpose is arrested, he s hears a groan, he turns and beholds a poor r naked Bedouin whose lips are parched with £ thirst, and tongue cleaving to the rootofhis mouth, gazing like the serpent on his char med prey, at that drop of water ; what does the traveller ? does he listen to the cold calculations of reason ? that would tell him, this man is neither your Father, Son nor Brother, he is a poor Arab of the desert who *! has no claims on you, and may be nothing ( but %n useless link in the chain of Creation, self preservation is a duty, if you give to him “ you must die yourself, you have a helpless 1 family who depend on you for support, if e you perish they must suffer and you will be worse than an infidel !—does be listen to [) such suggestions of self ? No! if he be a man ’ and not a Hyena, he springs to his assis* e tance and with a noble enthusiasm, pours down his burning throat the cooling drop, ■ and resigns himself to his fate—and this is 1 i (he result of feelings, which, if they are any 3 thing bat the inspirations of heaven itself— -3 have their source in that faculty which makes ‘ the poet. From whence aiise those aspira ’ tions after glory and posthumous fame, which | have been felt by every one who ever bene ’ fitted or enlightened the human race ? from 1 reason ? No, reason asks , " Can storied urn or animated bust, Back to it's mansion call the fleeting breath I j Can honors voice provoke the silent dust, Or Flattery soothe the dull, cold, ear of death I [Gray's Elegy?. “ But where is he, the pilgrim of my song 1 Methinks he comelh late and tarrieth long. ) Coragio gentle reader, the ground is now 'cleared for him, and he shall soon enter the lists again. A. B. C. &c. NOTES. (A.) Blair, definition of potiry is “ that it i> the language of. passion, or of enlivened imagination formed, most commonly, in lo regular numbers ” (B ) The poems called Ossian’s are undoubtedly Macplierson’a (the pretended translator) the genuine poems of Ossian or Oism, . re different matters altogether, and very inferior lo the false, and belong to the Irish anil not to the Scotch highlander!. , IC.) •• r e stars that arc the poetry of heaven” 3d Canto Cl. ' Har (II.) I am willing to admit with Linncus that the common Mouse loves music, and with Sir Mans Sloane, that the Iguana of the W est Indies—a species of La certa is particular!, partial lo the Violin—but exceptions on'y prove the truth of it general rule, or for all I know of the matter, they may, m Pythagoras’ scale of the transt. ignition of sogls, occupy the last and ht-b --est places before we return to our human bodies a-ain. and be to animal life, what a Pa Cu/w is to a Roundelay. “ (K.) Jean J. Rousseau, said that the greatest source of error in the conduct of met), was that they were not governed by the im pulses of their feelings, but waited for the snnctlonof their ittdg ineuts—.that they were consequently seltlsh, for that it was ve ry cas .V to prove to ourselves that ten Livres would purchase for us more comforts than live—and that wo would therefore refuse lo part with them either from generosity or justice if we could retain them, the •■sell torturing sophist” „as not far wrong t* •) *'■■« Bruce’s Travels, Dublin K.dition Slh volume I know of nothing in all the volumes of literature which presents so hor rible a picture to the imagination as Bruce’s description of the pillnrx nf moving sand in the Desert between the Nile and the Red sea since Sir Wm. Jones, Salt, and Dr. K. D. Clarke have established tile veracitv of JJruce we are allowed (o quote him— and it might give pleasure as well as instruction to those who have not—to read Inn)—for surely jl is the most extraordinary of all books of travel,. ’ 1 A company in London had contracted with the government of Guatimala, to cut a canal from the Pacific to the Atlantic, at the south side of lake Nicaruga. It is to be 12 or 14 miles in length, and navigable for ships of great burthen. The English are to receive two thirds of the tolls, and to have the exclusive navigation of the Sun Juan ;i- - ver and the lake, for forty years. The re mainder of the toils to be devoted by the .r O , vernment to paying the expense of the un dertaking. Twelve Vessels were waiting at Alexan dria for cotton, the Viceroy of Egypt havin’* delayed to furnish the quantity contracted for. A letter from Liverpool, mentions that the Pacha of Egypt refused to deliver a lar«e quantity of cotton which he sold to English speculators, when he ascertained that'ttie article had risen materially in England, The manufactories in England are repre - sented as flourishing beyond all former pre cedents. Artisans of every description were in full employment, and so anxious were the manufactures to have their orders executed that it was by no means an uncommon thing to lock up the doors where the workmen were, and to supply them with food gratis in order to save the time which wise be expended in going to their respec-* live lodgings. Orders to immense amounts were daily received at the manufacturing towns, many of which could not be fulfiled within the prescribed period. Wages were every where extremely high, and mechanics were enabled to fare sumptuously for seven days work. Even common labourers were in such demand as to cause a considerable rise in their wages. A Mecclesfield paper advertises for 4 to 5000 persons, from 7to 20 years of age, to be employed in the silk trade. [Lon, pan. Cleaning of Engravings —Put the en graving on a smooth board, cover it thinly with common salt finely powdered ; pmi* or squeeze lemon juice upon the salt, so as to dissolve a considerable portion of it • ele vate one end of the board, so that it ’ may form an angle of about 45 or 50 decrees with the horizon. Pour on the engraving boiling water from a teakettle, until the salt and lemon juice be all washed off • the engraving will then be perfectly clean’and Iree from all stains. It must "be dried on the board, or on some smooth surface nr* dually. If dried by ,he lire or the *’.*% will be tinged with a yellow colour.—Any one may satisfy himself of the perfect effi cacy of tins method, by trying it „„ anv engraving of small value. J ILondon Mechanic’s Register. Chinese method of mending China Boil a piece of white flint glass in river’ water tor five or six minutes, beat it to a fine puw der, and grind it well with the white of an egg, and it joins the china without rivetting so that no art can break it again in the same place. Observe, the composition must be ground extremely fine on a painter’s slab. Sat. Magazine