Georgia Historic Newspapers

    \Con:luilrJfrom last /mg')
„ , ..... I,„„ch of !»!■• «ubj.'Cl, I Bill mig-
Bt-fi.ro I Ion.' ' ( illujlralo, un.lor •nullier »«-
noni H ftcl «h>o « The la.l Legi.litiire
,,en, ".o , to ntirvoy tli<j Clierr.kfc nnlion end ilia-
,VLv Inliery in iho intnnor heretofore pmniier),
« rl. i/in except inn, lh»t Ihe improvements at Indians
falling within an; of the late, eliould he reserved ii
and that the forumatr drawers of aucli loir
sli.iuld not be entitled lo a grant for the same, or in any
iiiiniier" remove, ,r attempt to remove the Indians
from their saidimprovements,’* until the General An-
5,.,nl,lv shall enact to Ihe contrary, or said Indians nr
• lien descendants shall voluntarily abandon such im
provements. Now a question naturally arises, what
id,id of a title have these reservccs, under said art 7
In sinking a well upon their premises orin ploughing
i! fir fields, if they should I urn up a piece of gold and
appropriate it to their own use, would they be obnox-
i ms to the law, which makes it criminal to dig gold in
tile Cherokee nation? If they would not, where is the
difference between that case, and their condition in
the nation I They would hold their reserves under no
better title than they now hold the nation. Tho ad
only reduce! their title from a tenancy in common to
me in trveraUy, and the quantity from a large to n
small amount, and aurely whatever right they would
have lit the last case, is precisely the same which he-
> mgs to the first, for the operation of the act doe* not
in the smallest degree change the nature of their title.
ft is still a title by occupancy, without limit 09 to its
duration, unless the .State chooses to end it by force.
I c mie now to consider the only argument that has
been advanced lo sustain the Stale, in tho course she
has taken. It is this—the Indians hold their lands liv
the mere title of occupancy—the Ice simple is in the
State, and therefore having thr reversionary interest,
she can restrain the Indians from injuring the frec-hold,
or in other words, from committing waste. If this be
true, she can also prevent them from cutting limber
bevond what is necessary for absolute uae, and from
doing many things, which in legal language is called
wjste; working mines comes within that definition,
and is of no higher injury to the freehold than any oth
er icries of waste. But flic irnth is, the Indian title
of occupancy assimilates itself to no principle of the
English law which gives the right to stay waste as it is
ca’lrd. It is analog *us to no esta’e, upon condition,
which involves the relation of landlord and tenant, re
mainder man or reversioner, and these are the only
three characters who can restrain the tenant from com
mitting waste It must be a particular estate to which
there is a definite limit, certain as to the time of ex
piration, which will entitle the owner of the freehold
to sustain the commission of wnste. Wc all know
what the renting of lands means; it does not fall under
this head. It is not every reversionary interest in
lands that will give the right to restrain the tenant from
committing waste. It is.a well known fact that the
Star#, us Iho source of all title, has a reversionary in
terest in every foot of land she grants out to her c»ti-
'aen«; for if they die without heirs and intestate, their
lands revert to the State by virtue of the escheat law.
Now under this remote expectant interest, no one will
contend the legislature could restrain tho good people
of the Stale from digging gold on (heir lands. The
Stale does nut hold in remainder, for remainder “ is
defined to be an estate limited, to take effect and be
enj >yed after another estate is determined There must
b« aparticular estate created, certain and determinate,
as f.*r years, lor life, or in tail, and remainder being a re
lative term, implies that a part has been previously dis-
posed of, for where the whole is conveyed at once, there
cannot possibly exist a remainder; but the interest
granted, whatever it mav he, will he an estate in pos
session.”—2 Black. 1G5. F.verv one must perceive
that this relation does not exist between Georgia and
th'- Indians. “ An estate in reversion is tho residue of
an estate left in Ihe grantor, to commence in posses-
_i'jn iftcr the determination of some particular estate
granted out by him.”—2 Black# 17.1. Sir Edward Coke
describes a rovorsion to be the returning ofland to the
grantor or his licit s, after the grant is over. Now it i-
cnuiillv clear that this estate does not apply to the case
of »he Indians; for insteadof Gcoigia’a being the gran-
tor and limiting a particular estate, to * he Indians,
which is to have a specific duration, the very reverse i.s
true. Tho Indian* oro »i»— originn) grantors, nnd re-
fleivc lo themselves in the grant, to wit, t.ie treaties,
an interest which is unlimited as to lime, and not lo end
without their consent. These arc nil fi t* estates which
can by anv possibility be made t-» hear upon the ques
tion, and i> may with great confidence be assorted, that
none other can be found. Their occupant title is uii
limited ns to duration, and to them is, to all intents
and purposes, the same as a fee-simple; they do not
care w hat it is called, if yon do not lake it nwav by
force, and will suffer them to retain the use and posses
sion ofit till they choose to part with it upon their free
and voluntary consent. But wo frequently attach
wrong ideas to particular terms, and i»*il is understood
by the term occupancy, that it is such u title ns will
justify Georgia in removing the Indians whenever she
pleases, nothing can be more erroneous; for according
t.» the legal signification of occupancy, ns Miiderstood
in tho English law, they will have n right to return their
land until they voluntarily abandon or sell it. Mr.
Illicit -tone in describing the title to hinds by occupancy,
snv» it “ is the Inking possession of those things w hich
before belonged to nobody. This ns we have seen ip
the true ground and foundation of all property, or of
bol ting those things in severally,.which by the law of
nature, unqualified by that of society, were common to
All mankind. Rut when once it was agreed that eve
ry thing capable of ownership should have an owner,
nut oral reason suggested, that ho who could fimt de
clare his intention of appropriating any thing to his
Own use, and, in consequence of such intention, actu
ally took it into possession,' should thereby gain the
absolute proporty of it ”—2 Black. 258. There is now
no title by occupancy in England, and never was but
one instance, and that is now virtually JctSrayrd by
utatute. The case of the Indians in America comes
the nearest to it of any we know of, hence it is so cal
led, and applying it to the definition above laid down, it
:■ a much more stubborn title than is usually conceiv
ed. Wo have seen also, that the first discoverer, G.
Britain chose so lo consider it, and imposed no other
condition nr restriction upon it than the right of pre
emption on her part. This has been followed up by
Go jrgis, by the other States, and by the U. States. so
that u far ss humun action, and decision can confirm
and settle a question, this ta at real.
It will he recollected that at the August term, 1830,
of Clark Court, I delivered a charge to the Grand Jury
m which I mentioned that it waa my fixed determina
tion to enforce the laws of Georgia in tho Chorokct
'nation. I told them of the illiberalinterference of other
Stales in this question—-that they had reproached us
wi'h cruelly, fraud, and injustice to the Indians, and
said even in Congress, that it was our intention to op-
pos by legislation, to persecute by legal prosecutions,
and finally dostoy the Indians, lo obtain their lands. I
concluded that charge by saying, “lei us falsify the
prophecies that have been made as lo tho treatment
which the Indians are to receive at our hands, by ex
ercising towards that unfortunate people the utmost
kindness, justice and humanity. Their rights must
be r»« >ected. To the Indians I w ill say, they have
nothing to dtead, as far as they aro com ernrd, cither
from tho character of our law s or their mode of udmiii-
istration—for it toe can live under them, they surely
can, and no distinction shall be made in their execu
tion.*’ In the name of every thing that is holy in re
ligion, that is lovely in charity, that is sacred injustice
and dear to freedom, let not this be on idle, faithless
pledge. “ Justice (save Vat tel) is the baais of all soci
ety, the sure bond of stl intercourse. All nations are
then strictly obliged to cultivate justice with respect to
each other, to observo it scrupulously, and carefully to
abstain Irom every thing that would violate it. Every
. °ue •JUfht to render to others what belongs to them,
torc-pect their rights, and to leave them in the pea
ceable enjoyment of them.** The elegant historian.
Hr Ramsey, has said, “ universal tustice is universal in-
Cerefct. Tho most enlarged happiness of one people by no
means consists in the degradation or destruction ot an
other; it would be more glorious to civilize one tribe of na •
vagev than to expel or exterminate a score. I nstead of si.
jadiug their rights, promote their hsppiness ami give
l *» no reason toeurse the folly of their fathers win* s* f
, vsortioaet down upon a *oil which the common p»
" u *k° | h bad previously assigned to them." I
Mutiment of justice, alt good men must
concur, and I am persuaded, it is one which Georgia,
slandered ns she has been, will not feel herself author
ized to disobey. But to cnn-ign a w eak and defence
less race to the scourge ol slavery by dav, and the
gloom ofa dungeon by night, far from their country
a id their friends, for no other crime than that of taking
gold from their o*n land and the land of their fathers,
ts not only a departure from this heaven directed prin
ciple, bill will incur the condemnation of all civilized
nations, if it do not provoke the curse ofa much higher
tribunal.
The Athenian.
subjects, or by whatever name designated,
such is the relation between them and the U.
Stales. That relation is neither asserted now
for lh3 first lime, nor did it originate with the
treaty of Qi'eenville. These principles have
been uniformly recognised by the Indians
themselves,ripii only by that treaty, but in all
tho other provisions, at well ns subsequent,
treaties, between them and the United Stales.”
{Vide American Slate Papers, 9 rol. p. 395.)
THE GHOST OF POWHATAN.
FOR THE ATHENIAN.
THE INDIAN QUESTION—NO. II.
“ la praise the perquisite of every paw,
Though Mark ns hell, (hat grapples well (nr gold?
O love of gold! thou meanest nr amours t-Yousc.
When the people of Georgia are charged
with intending to possess themselves of Ihe
Indian lands by force; that kind of force is
not necessarily meant which would drive them
from iheir present places, at tho point ot the
baynnrl. It is not bciieved that the public
mind is yet ripe for such an unwarrantable ex
ertion of lawless power and usurpation. But
that kind of implied force is designed, which
operating indirectly, assures the same end, by
means equally as eerlain and effectual, though
more insidious and torturing, than direct attack
upon them ci el armis, could by any possibility
produce.
It is bv legislating the Cherokces out of their
country and their rights, litat the greatest mis
chief is apprehended. Violence would he too
palpublo to he excused, and might defeat the
very object «f it; but against tho plausible
pretexts afforded by legal persecution, tile Balt,
voice of reason, and humanity, and justice, is
silenced and smothered, by Ihe erroneous de
cisions of tho people, made in favor of thoir
men interest, which is always loo reudy in tllti-
dtng tho dictates of integrity.
It is against Iho extension of the protecting
influence of the Georgia laws over the Chero
kecs and their country, making it a trespass
for which penitentiary punishment is denoun
ced, for an Indian to dig gold upon his own
land; stationing a guard among them
protect their own mines, against the use of
them by themselves ; rendering Ihe Indian
amenable to laws operating exclusively upon
I hem and their rights, lo which they are entire
strnngers, having had no hand or part in their
enactment, not even being represented in Ihe
Georgia legislature by n single delegate; in
met, suffering nil the penalties without enjoy
ing any of tho privileges afforded to the cite
zens of Georgia bv her institutions: it is against
tho exertion of that kind of force, that this ar
gument is addressed lo all those who yet bO'
lievc that the Indians have some rights, which
Georgia is bound to respect and acknowledge;
and who arc not so blind as to suffer them
selves to be misled by the slang; which is so
ungenerously used to holster up pretensions
wholly at variance with all those principles and
practices, that have heretofore been admitted
and recognised, ns orthodox upon the subject
under consideration.
It is not a little curious to compnre_Jhe
opinions of tho greatest ami best men of the
Notion ill former limes, on Indiun rights, and.
the duties and conductor the people of (fro
United Stales, when npplied lo those rights,
with.the fashionable and newfangled doctrines
advanced and advocated by the favorites of Ihe
people in these times wfien, tho prospect of
enriching themselves liv tho obtoimrient of the
old mines and fat trends, Inis so much illu
$r
Athens, Oct. 18,1831.
Mnj. for Gov.
tippling
Baldwin
Baker
Bibb
Bryan
/ ulluch
Burke
Chatham
Clark
Coweta
Columbia
Crawford .
Dekalb
Decatur
Dooly
Effingham
Elbert
• -Fayette
Franklin
Glynn
Greme
Gwinnett
Ilnbersham
Hall
Hancock
Harris
Henry
Heard
Houston
Jackson
Jasper
Jefferson
Jones
Laurens
Lincoln
Liberty
Meriwether
-Muscogee
Monroe
Madison
Morgan
Montgomery
-Morion
Newton
Oglethorpe!
Pike
Pulaski
Putnam *7
RandotpU'
Rabun
Richmond
Scricen
Slsioart
Talliaferro
Twiggs
ialnall
Troup
Telfair.
Upson
ashington
Wilkes
Walton
Warren
Wilkinson
' n
f
n
r 1
S’
J
|
1
»r
fr
5/
S’
, 142
51
9l
329
-352
23
149
22
127
434
-484
50
- 75
2
73
25
-SI0
191
595
118
477
1GG
.j|07
241
130
493
363
130
*493
347
- 769
66
703
512
381
131
3.M)
521
174
392
364
28
222
394
172
372
1153
7SC
236
282
46
56
211
155
- 126
1
125
964
72
892
299
548
249
19.9
' 826
628
■446
9
137
779
38
741
833 _J001
168
336
■4323
992
653
947
294
-612
122
520
442
410
32
368
■991
623
no
-205
75
355
-5G3
208
589
-609
20
-Y13
617
90
^407
232
175
606
-704
98
—438
75
363
114
* 394
2S0
- 229
15
213
- 17
290
■--427
147
312
381
43
>,926
777
149
211
342
101
^71
310
161
161
87
197
110
'•737
7'iG
31
*637
207
430
282
'451
169
'225
-"736
241
495
' 6.8
109
51
^ 76
—326
250
511
4 GO
45
*270
107
172
102
—152
50
— 408
10
398
321 .
561
210
215-
10
205
—621
342
282
120
134
14
395
547
!G2
473
“480
7
-131
445
-5.34
89
321
*933
612
"578
72
506
119
-656
537
mmated their understandings upon Indian, Talbot
right*, and sublimated their opinions as to prin
ciples of eternal and immutable justice.
The present opinions are so fully promulga
ted at every gathertnsr of the oeople bv their br-
acUs,\hat they need not he repealed by otm who
totally denies their validity ; and who solemn
ly protests against them. But tho opinions of Majority for Lumpkin, 1179
other times will be given is tho words of the
patriots who held them, and the comparison
will bo readily made by those who have not
lost nil power of discrimination.
The American commissioners who made
the treaty at Ghent, in answer to certain inad
missible pretensions set up by Iho British
commissioners in favor of the Indians, their al
lies in the war, give a complete summary of
the settled policy of iho government in regard
to Indians, which is earnestly recommended to
the perusal of those who may be at all anxious
lo form n right judgment on tho question--—
They wrote as follows :
“ From tho rigor of tho system practised by
Groat Britain, nnd other European powers in
America, the humane ond liberal policy of the
United States has voluntarily relaxed. V cel
ebrated writer on the laws of nations, to whose
authority British jurists have takun particular
satisfaction in appealing, after s ating m the
most explicit manner, the legitimacy of colo
nial settlements in '.merim, to the exclusion
of all rights of uncivilized Indian tribes, Ims
taken occasion to praise Ihe fust settlers of
New England, and of the founder of Pennsyl
vania, m having purchased of tho Indians the
lauds they resolved to cultivate, notwithstand
ing their being furnished with a charter from
their sovereign. It is this example, which the
United Mtntes. since they became, by their in
dependence, the sovereigns of the territory,
have adopted and organized into a political
system. Under that system, the Indians resi
ding within the United Slates ore so far inde
pendent, that they live under their own cus
toms, nnd not under tho laws of the United
States: that their rights upon the land where
they inhabit, or hunt, are secured to them bv
boundaries defined in amicable treaties between,
the United States and themselves; nnd that
whenever those boundaries aro varied, it is
also by amicable and voluntary treaties, by
which, tfoey receive from the United States
ample compensation for every right they have
to the lands ceded by them. They are so lar
dependant a* not to have the right to dispose
•»f their lands to any private persons, nor to
'»n> power, other than the United State*, and
o be uitdcr tueir protection aioue, and not uu
ucr that of any other power. Whether called
LIST OP MEMBERS-
1 puling, Thomas, Over„tie« i.
Baldwin, Boykin, Culhouu, Howard,
Baker, Mills/, Long.
Bryan, Me lUister, Bacon.
Bibb, Baber, Holt.
Butts, Cargill, cMichael.
Burke, Harlow, Burle, Dye, Roberts.
Bulloch, Cone, Knwl*.
Campbell, Bhck, Shunt9.
Coweta, Echols, Wood.
Carroll, Bowen, Adair.
Clark, Mitchell, Dougherty, Hull, Gruhain.
Columbia, Jivery, Crawford,C\nrwon, Scott.
Crawford, Bluckstonu, Warner.
Chatham, Daniel, Habersham, Flournoy, Myers-
Dekalb, Cleveland, Mays, Anderson.
Decatur, Neil, Curry.
Dooly, tiruham, Hilliard.
Earlu, Spann, Wilson.
Effingham, Walthour, Hines.
Elbert, Jlllcn, Mien, Blackwell, Oliver-
Fiahk/in. Anderson, Terrell, Mitchell, Aah.
Faytlle, Burch,' Edmondson.
Glynn, Vrvortj Stark.'
Greene, Mocks, ( one, King, Mathescs.
GwinnttEWiltr. Hutchins, Ezzatd, Ghotslon.
Habersham, * oflbrii, Cleveland, Chastain.
Hall, Dunaemu, Byrd, Oliver, Butt*.
Hancock, Deverntx, Graybill, Vinson, Carnes.
Henry, Johnson, Petit and Johnson-
Harris, .WDoagold, Jackson.
Heard; Ware, I lop km*.
Houston, Dean, (iilhcrt.
Irwin, Mobtey, Young.
Jasper, IjO'.all, Price, Ward, Barney, Robinson.
Jackson, Singleton, Barnett, JoncSj Venable.
Jefferson, Stapleton, Barr, Hudson, „
Jones, Parish, Jones, Day, Philips, Cox.
Laurens, St George, Hampton, Warren.
Liberty, Hines, Harris, Fleming.
Lee, Thomas, Brakes.
I.incoln, Henley, Murray, Curry.
Madison, Groves, Long, Adair.
Mouroe, Brown, Chappell, Gibson, Redding.
Muscogrs, Woolf ark, Baker-
VcIntosh^Won/d, Pom <11, Hopkins.
Marion, Temples, Williams.
Meriwether, Ector, Sentell. _
Morgan, Nesbit, Ptarman, Leonard, Finney.
Newton, Baker, Neal, Bales.
Oglethorpe, Cox, Collier, Ysung, Hubbard.
IHke, Prior, Blackburn.
Putnam, Branham, Hudson,Meriwether, Reid, Mason.
Pulnskii Clkytdn, Rawls, Taylon
Rabun, Farits; Coflee.
Randolph, Everett, Henderson.
Ruhxnor.d, Mealing, Shannon, Carter, Glascock,
Stewart, Williams, Pate.
Serioen, Bryan, Kettles, Oliver-
Tatnall, SufreAcy; Archer.
Tolliaftrro, Mercer. Thompson
Telfair, Wells, Freger*
Tump, Bailey, Ilarulion.
Twiggs, Smith, Tarver, Pearson, Solomon,
Talbot, Towns, Burke*.
Upton, Halloway Greene,.
Warren, Muncrief, Ryan, Wilson, Jones.
Washington, Tcnnillc, Rutherford, Curry, Reeves.
Wilkes, Wootten, Brown, Willis, Irvin, Thurmond.
Walton, Echols, I.ucas, Easly.
Wilkinson, Hall, Hatcher, Exum.
-<3£>-
IdP We give place to-day to tho second number of
“the Ghost of Powhatan.” From what has already
appeared, it will be seen that the author entertains dif
ferent views of the subject, from those heretofore advo
cated in this paper. It is but fair, however, that on all
questions of such vital importance as the one he dis
cusses, the arguments on both sides should be given,
nnd therelore, though wc would not be consider* d as
adopting the opinions of our correspondent, we give
them to our readers with pleasure. Wc may have oc
casion hereafter to review them, should none pf our
correspondents on the opposite side take up the sub
jeet.
—<g>— ,
Census of Madison County.—The following is the po.
pulation of Mudison county, os just taken by Mr. John
B. Adair, State Censor.
Whites,—3561 )
Blacks,-1312 | 4873
White Males between the ages of 6 and 1C years,—51C
“ Females do. do. do. 510
IdP'Tho Washington Globe states that the Hon
James Buchanan ol Pennsylvania, has been appointed
Minister to Russia. This will end the various specula
tions in which the editorial corps have indulged, a9 tc
the event of Mr. Randolph’s resignation or removal.
The same paper also states that th i President has
been attacked with an intermittent fever, but is now
nearly recovered.
“ Savannah Republican—With that laudable spirit
of emulation which always characterizes the enterpris
ing, we perceive that the publishers of the Republican
hove issued that paper in a newdress,and much improv.
ed appearance. The paper on which it is printed is of a
superior quality, the type entirely new, and ofa beauti
ful pattern. We hope their patronage may bo com
inensurate with their exertions to gratify their readers.
A well written address to their patrons, taking a brief
retrospective view of the past, and delineating the fu-
ture course of the Republican, is inserted in the first
number of their improved sheet. We make the follow
ing extract in relation to its political craed.
“ The political principles of the Republican are well
known. It was originally established, as an humble
auxiliary, to arrest unconstitutional legislation and to
preserve a practical equality of civil and political pri
vileges, between the people of the United States. To
rescue the press from the co-ercion of party madness
which had vented its fury, in a sedition law,and (ogive
to the emigrant, that freedom of opinion and security
ot residence, which were menaced by an act of Con
gress, making a distinction in those regards, between
himself and the native citizen. To preserve to
States their retained Sovereignty, and to give to our
confederacy the full benefit of all those concessions
which the Constitution contained. For it was early seen
after our present system began, that some of the lead
ing politicians of tho United States, and those to whose
opinions much deference was shown, because of their
Revolutionary services—had forgottun the limitations,
ofthe Constitution, and acted ns if the power of milk
ing laws, was the supreme power in the Union. They
legislated by retrospection to those principles, which
were of force when the States were Colonies, and did
not rpcognize, that when ihe Sword had cat the tie of
our connection with England, it had.emancipated our
instil ut ions from every dogma, at variance with the
position that the power of Legislation is limited by the
expressed will of the people. In other words, that the
constitution ratified by the people of the States, is but
their grant for specific Legislation, and that ihe su
preme power is retained by themselves In these two
doctrines will be found nil the difference between con
solidation ond sovereign states.”
“ Augusta Chronicle. 11 —In answer to sonic remarks
of ours in the Athenian of the 27ih ult. we observe,
that the editor ofthe Chronicle has favored us with an
extra, written in his grossest style ofintornperate abuse.
Personally, we never intended to have a controversy
with A. H. l’embert.m, n man who is well known to
bo utterly destitute of any claim whatever to tho ap
pellation of a gentleman or an honest man. It is in
his editorial capacity alone that he can ever claim any
notice from us. lie gave publicity in his papor of the
17th August, to a wilful falsehood—we detected him in
lie then in an article of nearly four columns in
length, attempted to evade the responsibility he had
inclined, by an effort at argument in the face of evi
dence—here too ho was foiled, and shown to have been
the retailor of the vilest slanders, uttered upon his own
responsibility alone, and for which, as he was person
ally acquainted with all the facts, he was alone an
swerable. Having now no loop-hole to creep out it,
he turns upon us, like a naughty child who has been
convicted of a misdemeanor, and laying aside all argu
ment and all proof, cries out “liar, scoundrel/’ &c,
This is the way he endeavors to release hitnseIffrom the
d.lemma into which his own want of veracity has in
volved him. He has quit tho subject firat mentioned,
and made it a personal mattei; here, therefore, wc
must decline the contest. Wc will not enter the lists
with a man, who throughout his whole career, has
•ho%vn that no character ia too unblemished for his ma
lignant attacks, no meanness too degrading for his
profligate soul. From unjustifiable abuse and preme
ditated chicanery towards Ins fellow men, he has de
scended to insult and injustice towards a delicate and
defenceless female. From such a man it would be an
imputation upon our inoral honesty to receive applause,
Besides, his epithets have been too oft repeated to re
tain even the charm ol novelty—this is not the firs-t or
the second instance. On one occasion an application
of the cow skin M as the punishment awarded; at an
other time, he was treated with contemptuous sdence.
For the future we shall make choice ofthe latter course,
regardless of his idle ravings, unless circumstances
should make it neccssaty to udopt tho former. If our
readers, therefore, will pardon us for this short notice,
we promise them that A. H. Pemberton shall not
again receive a notice in our columns.
—Cg£>—
Island, i; New York, 23; New Jersey,9; Pennsylvania
16; Maryland, 2; Virginia, 51; North Carolina, 16-
South Carolina, 40; Georgia, C; Alabama, 11;
sippi, 1; Tennessee, 2. The delegation preent from Gror-
gia consists of Messrs. J. Macphsrson Berrien, John
Cumming, Robert Habersham, Seaborn Jones, F.li s.
Shorter, and Alexander Telfair. Much unanimity 0 t
feeling and action appeared to prevail among the mem-
bers, which augura well for the accomplishment of then
object. A protest M ill no doubt be addressed to Cun-
gress, and probably an address to tho people of the
United States will also be published. Much informa
tion will unquestionably be gained to tho public from
the concentration of so much talent, devoted exclusive-
ly to the consideration ot *>ur most vital interests, a ri( ]
if their success is proportionate to the ability Mit| t
which their cause is advocated, wc may expect sooti
again to see the triumph of Constitutional law and »or.
rect principles. But, alas ! strict justice is scarcely to
be looked for in this erring world, and %\c sadly f t >a r
that our hopca of advantage from this Convention wit<
provfe fruitless.
COMMUNICATED.
Gainesville, 10th October, 1831,
After previous advertisement, a meeting of thecifi.
zrns of Gainesville and county of Hall, took place thid
day in the Court-house, for the purpose of taking into
consideration the propriety of petitioning the Legist,
turc to grants Charter, and locate a Bank in the town
of Gainesville; when on motion of David C. i.eal, Esii,
the meeting was organized bv appointing James I.avr
Esq. Chairman, and I). R. Mitchell, Esq. Secretary!
Mr. Reuben Thornton arose and addressed the meeting
at considerable length in support of the location ol a
Bank in Gainesville and the propriety of petitioning the
Legislature to that effect, and submitted the annexed
preamble and resolutions to the consideration of the
meeting.
Col. Stephen Reed opposed the establishment ofa-
Banking institution, unless it could be established upon
such principles as to bind the individual property ul tho
Stockholders us well as the general funds ofthe insti
tution for the ultimate redemption of its paper. The
objections urged by Col. Heed were answered by
Messrs. Thornton and Jones.
After which the preamble and resolutions were sub
mitted to the sense of the meeting by the Chairman,
aud passed ncm. con. (Co). Reed having left the room.)
Whereas the resources of this section of the country
generally, and of this county particularly, arc very
much paralyzed for the want of capital which consti
tutes the only sure means of fostering the industry of
the country, and whereas the agricultural interest ot
every country is so intimately connected with its com
mercial prosperity, that every thing which lias a ten
dency to advance or retard the interest of one, must
necessarily operate in like manner upon tho other, and
whereas the vast resources of this section of the coun
try in the precious metals and other minerals, requires
the aid of capital to procure a complete development ot*
them, so that the country may have all the advantages
of the circulation of the immense treasure which is now
entombed in the bowels of the earth, it is therefore
deemed an obicct of great public utility, that a bank
be established in the town of Gainesville, with a Capi
tol adequate to the accomplishment of these important
objects, creating the means thereby of affording pa-
tronage and protection to the Miners, which would in
return secure tothe Bank the advantage of becoming
the channel tluouph which all the exports ofthe coun
try in Ihe precious metals of the country would paw,
affording to it thereby the most extended means ot
giving protection to tho commerce of the country in its
intercourse with any part of the Union.
Therefore be it Resolved, as the opinion of this meet
ing, that tho most important interests of the country
require the location of a bank in this section ofthe
State for the purposes sot forth in tho abovu preamble,
and that this toM’n is the most central point in the sec
tion of country alluded to, consequently the proper
place for its location.
Resolved further, that a Committee of three persons
be appointed in helmlf of the citizens of this town and
county, to draft and preen-t op-ti*»«>n to tho Legisla
ture for the purpose of procuring u charter, granting
the privilege of establishing a Bank in Guinesville, and
that said Committee is authoiised to accept of an ori
ginal charter, or one in connection with some other
Bunk as may appear to them upon a further investig.i.
lion ofthe subject, best calculated tn advance the in
terest of this count ry.
Resolved, that a copy of the proceedings of this ineot-
ing be forwarded to our Senator and Representatives,
and they are hnchy respecifullj requested to ci-oper-
ate with the committee herein appointed, and t** u*c
their best exertion- to procure the passage of ait act-by
the next Legislature, for the purposes expressed in the
foregoing preamble and resolutions.
On motion of J. VV. Jones, it was Resolved, lint
Messrs. Reuben Thornton, David C. Neal and lleniy
L. Sims, be appointed said Committee.
Resolved, that the proceedings of this meeting bs
signed by the Chairman and Secretary, and published
in*the Athenian, Journal and Federal Union.
JAMES LAW, Chairman.
D. R. MITCHELL, Sec’y.
Free Trade Convention.- -Of the members composing
this body, one hundred and sixty-five appeared on the
day appointed, (30tli Sept.) and organized by appoint
ing lion. Burwell Bassett, Chairman, and Condy Ra-
guet and E. Lilt'll, Esqrs. Secretaries pro tem. On the
3d Oct. tho lion. P. P. Barbour was appointed Presi
dent of the Convention, and Condy Raguet, Esq. Se
cretary. From the commencement of its session until
our last accounts, which arc to the 4th, the time had
been spent in arranging its after proceedings. One
hundrt d and ninety delegate* were then present, from
tifi-.n .hfferent States, asf.llous,- F.'O.m the State of
Maine, 3; Massachufetts, 19*. Connecticut, 2\ Rhode
SUM M A R Y.
Mrs. Mary Barney, of Baltimore^ a lady of considera
ble talents, has issued proposals, lor publishing by sub
scription “ Memoirs of tho Life and Times of the late
Commodore Barney,” her intrepid father. We may ex
pect a very interesting work of historical value. The
price will he two dollars and a half. — Aat.Gaz.
The venerable Bishop Chase having resigned ‘the
Episcopate of Ohio, the Convention of that Stale at a
recent meeting, unanimously elected the Rev. Charles
P. M'llvaino of Broiklyn, to fill the vacancy. Mr.
M'llvaine has just received an invitation from St..
Paul’s Church, Boston, rendered vacant by the resigna
tion of the Rev. Mr. Potter.—A*. Y. Jour. ( om.
The consecration of the Rev. Dr. Ives, as Bishop of
the Protestant Episcopal Church of North Carolina,
took place on Thursday morning, at Trinity Church,
Southwark, Philadelphia. An eloquent end appropri
ate sermon was delivered by the Right Rev. Bishop
Ondcrdonk, of New York.
Joseph C. Perrin, charged with tho murder of Philip
Yancy and for whom a reward of 300 dollars was of
fered by the Governor of.South Carolina, has been ap
prehended and lodged in Edgefield jail.—-Aug. Courier.
Singidar Advertisement.—The Leesburg Genius of
Liberty contains the following advertisement: Twenty
Dollars Reward.—Kanaway from the Secretary of tho
American Colonization Society, a negro man named
Bill Crov.dey, who was sent to Washington for the pur
pose of sending him to Liberia. 11 Re
count DeLeon, a Belgian nobleman,is about Unset
tle himself in this conntry. lie is worth about 5 or 6
millions of dollurs.
A Miss Rider has been appointed Post Master at
Coventry, R. I.
Missouri.—The election in this State to choose a
delegate to Congress, in the room of tho late Mr. Pet
tis, Mill take place on the 31st of the present mo .th,
the Governor having issued his proclamation to that
effect. No less than six candidates are announced.
A lot of Land, 25 feet by 70, has been sold in New
York at the enormous price of 200 silver dollar the
square inch. Query—How much would that he an
acre ?
The Georgetown (D. C.) Gazette ofthe 23ih ulL
gives the following rumor r “It is currently slated,
that the President of the United States has been.se
riously indisposed lor a few days past; so much to at
times, as to nave three physicians in attendance. * Ha
is now convalescent.”
The war party in France are supposed to have-lost
their influence, in co •sequence -*f the late signal suc
cess • f M P»*» tier, in the Chamber of Deputies, by
uhichln* Has secured not only h*a place in the Ministry#
but supremacy in the Councils ofthe Government.