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H. H. CARLTON & CO.
VOL. 4. NO. 13.
DEVOTED TO OUR POLITICAL, EDUCATIONAL* AGRICULTURAL, AND IK
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ATHENS, GEOR(
Oc pirns Georgian. THE GREAT SOUTHERN ORATOR
H. II. CARLTON & CO., Proprietors. ^ ’ FlMrofCcng: ess.
•Ar^UESbiT* 25,
H"'
1876. - f » '
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.. ■ '■■■»*• • w ,'t V . ■
has been made up. and he and his friends He j^ye this statement, to the country, and
.have transmitted that record to the only ! it has never bceu contradicted.
! judge who will give him an impartial judg- Hem* what this gentleman says:
j meut—an honest, unimpassioned posterity.
; In the meantime, no enlogy from me can
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full report
(OCR REPRESENTATIVE,)
THE AMNESTY BILL.
On the night before the execution of the prisoner.
Wire, • telegram was sent to the Northern press from
this city, stating that Win had made important dis
closures to General L. C. Baker, the well known detec
tive, implicating Jefferson Davis, and that the confes-
help him, no censure from the gentleman can
damage him, and no act or resolution of this
_or mi— i House can affect him. But the charge is that i sion /to® 1 *? probably be given to the public. On th<
I „ • „ „.,j „ J B , ; namej evening some parties came to the confessor o-
, he is a murderer, and a deliberate, willful, wire, Rev. Father Boyle, and slso to me as bisuounsel,
SPLLUH OP HfiX It II III IT, ' guilt v, scheming murdirer of “thousands of one of them imormiug me that a high Cabinet office
• Wb r .,i„k... i . 5 ,b e
; character of the honorable gentleman from
| Maine, his high reputation, when I heard the
j charge fall from his li(>8, I thought surely the
gentleman had inadea recent discovery, and
j I listened for the evidence to justify that
charge. He produced it; and what is it?
Business and Professional Cards.
/;. E. III 11AS1IER,
A 72 O'/t.YET A 2 LA
’Washington, January 10.—The speech I To mv utter amazement, as the gentleniau
of Mr. Blaine on the Amnesty hill, which j fn »m Pennsylvania [Mr. Kelley] has well
was propitiatory toward the people of the ! 8,atwl , it is nothing on earth but a report of
South, was extremely virulent against Jeff. ; a committee of this Congress, made when
ou.rai»nsu« Davis; not, In said,’because Mr.Davis Im.l pas.-i*»u» were at their height, and it was
soo been the head and front of the rebellion, known to the gentleman and to the whole
iso or Miat ho had been am efficient enemy of country eight years ago.
the Government, or that he had hot dis- A«w, I say first in relation to that testi-
traded the councils of the Confederacy, mouy that it is exclusively ex pa. te. It was
but that he had been guilty of the greatest taken whe " the gentleman who is nmv put
loo crime in the annals of history, the murders : U P”» trial by it before the country was im>
~ of Audersoiiville. The horrors of that : prisoned and in chains, without a hearing
stockade ha represented as casiing into 1111(1 without an opportunity to Ire heard. It
the shade the atrocities of the Duke of Alva j wa8 ‘“ken by enemies It was taken in the
midst ot furv and rage. If there is any
300
iso
soo
i oo
Jcf-
Ander-
sonville, his sentence would be commuted. The mes
senger requested me to inform Win of this. In pres
ence of father Boyle, I told Win next morning whs
hud happened.
Hear the reply.
Captain Wirt situ, ly and quietly replied:
Mr. Schade, yon know that 1 hava always told yon
that 1 do not know anything about Jefferson Davis. *U
had no connection with me as to what was done .
An ersoiiville. I would not become a traitor again*
him or anybody else, even to save my life.
Sir, wliat Wirz, within two hours of his
execution, would not sgy for his life, the
gentleman from- Maine> tfays to the country
»o keep himself ami Ms party in power
Christianity is a falsehood, humanity is »
lie, civilization is a cheat, or the inan who
would not make a false charge for his life,
was never guilty of wiilful murder.
He who makes a charge must produce
| his witnesses They must be informed wit
j nesses. The gentleman from Maine makes
WATKINSVll.I.E, GA.
i tonufr Ordinary’* Office.
REMOVAL!
the Netherlands, the Massacre St. *«ry “lid “'V' i his charge, but produces no witnesses. He
Bartholomew, and the terrors of the Span-| Ai.glo-baxon law which ought to be; s; t ,» ' £mt , )V Jefferson Davis to
ish Inquisition. I considered sacred, it is the high privilege of | A f ldersonvillo wcro h j s officers. executing
His speech was replied to l,y Cox, ot ; an Lug ishma.i not to be condemned until; ||is ord commissioned by him, and he
New \o.k, in a most safrical vein, it being he shall be confronted with he witnesses , therefon , cliars , es Mr . Da ' is wi lh thes,
treated as a movement mi ihe Presidency. »K a5ns t him. But that is not all. The testi- illrocitiwt by inference It was only when
junl.Vly
•/. A. SALE, LEX2/S2,
l\\s HI MOVED to the office lately occupied by I>r. J
V. M -rail.
Nutii-iii-tiou guaranteed in botli Work and Prices.
i«n:..-tl
COBB, ERWIN & COBB,
ATTORNEYS AT LAW,
ATHENS, GA.
Office in the Deupree Building.
C. J>. HILL,
A Z Z O /WE ) ■ A T LA?r,
ATHENS, GEORGIA.
*3 Ul
janll-1.
POPE HARROW,
A ZTOEXEY AT LA X,
ATHENS, GA.
office in Mr. J. II. Newton's new building.
jan4.lv.
ir. R. LITTLE,
Attorn ej> at La tr,
r.VRNESVILLE, GA.
J. S. DORTCH,
Attorn ej’ at L a ir,
CARSK8V1I.LE.OA.
A. G. McCURRV,
JTTOR.rE r* .ffT E.IIP,
HARTWELL, GEORGIA.
by inference It was only
the gentleman reached that portion of his
argument, that I began to discover the
real purpose of his movement. I will not
charge i ini -uth it, hut a suggestion came
immediately to my mind.
What was the proposition which the
It is
are to be
Cox contrasted Blaine’- position on the I ,no,, . v d by the gentleman is not only
; question of amnesty with that ol President ! ex ]HirU, not only exclusively the production
Grant, who always’ favored geneial and un-' °* enemies, or at least taken by them and in
qualified amnestv; but then, said Cox, Grant j tl,e n ' i,lst ,,f P a8sio, '« but ll| e testimony is
i was a brave soldier, and not a scurvy poll- , mutilated, ingeniously mutilated, most ad-
lician. roitly muiil»ted. Why, sir, one of the main
Kelly, of Pennsylvania, made a strong ; witnesses is Dr. Joseph Jones a very ex- ,, CIlt | elnan proposes to establish?
speech against Blaine’s amendment and m i fellent gentleman, who.was ca led upon to ^ tho e \y in aulhoril an
favor of the original. j K've h» testimony m what is called the W irz ch d witil ° thc . 8ill9 aild treacl.eries of
! Hill, of Georgia, got the floor, but ‘naUnd winch is produced betore this house C o ,.missioned by them and
yielded for an adjournment, lie will speak \ ■«> attention called to it hy the gentleman, j acli “utler their orders. Is the gentle-
! to-morrow. I 1 . 1 *® « , ' ,e ^ntlen.an was to prove : ln;ln » ar . full I , pardon _ und ^ r the
Washington, Jan. 11. ! * Mr. Davis knew ot these atrocities at cover ot - prejudice and passion against Jel-
mi:. mu’s speech. Andersonv, le a d he calls the attention of ferson D avi S seeking to assault President
j Mi:. Speakkis : The House will bear | the house to the report of this committee. Graut? j. Jeffer80 b u D .vis sent General
I witness that we have not sought this dis- | 8,1,1 thanks God that it has been taken in binder to Audersoiiville, why, President
I cussion. Nothing can be farther from our j he put where it can neither be con- ! Grallt 8onl Gl . ntral Jov ^ e u ',’ St . Lollis
| desire and purpose than ,o raise such d.s- , trad.cted nor gamsaid, as a perpetual g. .de [L . lughter 1 Xay mor J 8ir; is not lhe
cussion. j to posterity to hnd out the authors ol these, Very Secret: -
and the same j yj r _ Atkins—I rise to a point of order crimes.
The whole II«»usc dusiivs to iic*:ir tin* \ . ^ ne
man from Georgia, but it is imjiosMble for ! P ,ece ^ , of «vi«i«nce iu this whole report is j l j 1 ' g ent ] etu< q n want to establish .1 rule of
them to do so unless gentlemen retain their j ,ol| nd m the report made bv Dr. Jones, a j consm , ct j on by which lie cun authorize the
-ats. ! su| 'geon ot hue character, and sent to An-; COUIllry to arr J ai Geuend Grant for com
The Speaker. The p. int of order is well dersouv.lle by the Confederate authorities to j , k . ity in the wh " key lraud8? r L aughter.l
taken, and gentlemen will retain their seats; investigate the condition ot that prison, lhat j is General Grant responsible for the
and order must be preserved not only j gentleman made his report, and it is brought I credit ^obi-ier? Was he a stockholder in
within the bar bm omsid. ot the bar, and ; I" 1 " tht-house. What is it. The first_poiut: t ) ic Sanborn contracts? W:w be the co
llie Chair directs liie <loorkeeper to give 1 18 88 t “ * he knowledge °f this report going to i p artner in the trauds upon this district?
especial attention to the maintenance ot | ?"> of ‘h« authorities at Richmond. Here | a] j j li(( w j tI1C8seS) t b e gentleman never
order outside the bar. i 18 whal 1)r - ■ j can find a single man who was confidential
Mr. ll.il—I say, Mr. Speaker that noth-1 h Jli: ! Secretory of Mr. Davis and charged with
11 ig con IU ha\ e bo i*u taithci Irori ilic uc-' ^oienum-nt, wi.eu the Coiifederucy went to piece*. I com j»li city in crime, that Mr Davis ever
ary of the White House, the
'. les ' ... . . .. . , , 1 private, confidential Secretary, indicted to-
)ne ot the most striking and remarkable lor , 0111 p] icily in lht , se traud s? Does
:es of evi.leuceiu this whole report is ,i.' ‘ . ...
WILL rivr strict personal attention to all Ln-inei
•ru-te.l to liis cars. Anc. 4—40—1;
Asa M. Jackson.
JACKSON A THOMAS,
Attorneys at Law.
Athen*, Georgia.
JOHN W. OWEN,
Attorney at Law.
TOCCOA C1TV, «A.
Will practice in *11 the eonntie* of the Wentern Cir-
va.t, Hart and Madison of lhe Northern ( ireuit. ill
ifivp -jx-cial alien ion to ull claim* entrusted to hi* cure.
cctSOwly.
P, (i. THOMPSON,
Attorney at La w,
-pccisl attention paid to criminal practice. For rclV-r-
nct app v to Ex. Gov. T. II. Watts aud Hon. David
Oopton, Montgomery Ala. Office over Barry'* Store,
Alhrn*, 0*.
than to re-open this discussion of the events , Now, he was ordere.1 by the United States 3a I understand it, absolutely sent to the
! ot our unhappy past. W e had well hoped I government, the first time this report ever Senate of the United States tor confirma*
| that llic country had suffcie.l jong enough j the light, to bring it and deliver it on | lion to a high office the very man who
' from feuds, from inflamed passions, and we j t |,e iriul of \Virz. I.i acc >rda ice with that j stood charged before the couutry with the
I came here, sir, vvith a patriotic jmrjKise, to | orde) . t be diu bring it and delivei it to the ! yro sest peculations and frauds in this dis-
I rein mher nothing but tbe country and the j judgesadvocate-geueral. And when the re- j trict, and that, too, at"er these charges
- j whole eoiiuti y, ami, turning our backsu]K>n p urt8 itself, or that which purported to be were made ai.d while the investigation was
L. W. Thomas. ; all the horrors ot tin- past, to look with all t | ie report, was presented to him while he j pending.
j earnestness to find glories for the future. I was a witness, he discovered that it was muti- j Sir, I am n ithcr the author nor the dis-
j lhe gentleman uho is tin- acknowledged j ] a ied, and he asked permission to state that i ciple of such political logic. And I will
; leader id the Republican party on this j f act> Hear wliat he says on that subject: ! not, nor would I, for any consideration, as-
lloor, who is the aspiring leader of the He-1 , be(r leave to make a sutement totliecouit. That; »ume the proposition before this House to
publican party ot this eouulry, represent- : p.irt.ou or my re,.ori wliich I.*- been real i* only a punish an enemy which would implicate
ing most manifest')' tiie wishes of many of j “ ail i«rt of tbe report. The real report coutam* the t | President ol' the United States in the
Ins associate- not all has willed other- Amiereouvilie, whien I tliougut it right to embody grossest trauds. let, it the gentleman’s
wise. Tliev seem deteniiined that the ' with my report. It also contain* document* forward- proposition be true. General Grant, instead
wounds which were healing shall be .'c-| of being entitled to a Presidential third
opened, that the pasMons whioli were ! oomuined important f»cu a*to the labors of th« medical 1 term, is entitled to twenty terms in twenty
hiiKhiii<r sliaii be re-itiflamed. Sir, I wish Uiepaitmcut and their effort* to better the condition j penitentiaries. Rut, sir, he is not guilt v.
this House to understand t.iat we do not j 1 ll ®*i « . . . ^, j The argument is false. It is a libel upon
reeiproeate either the purpose or ti»e inani- : . » a ,^ r 0 e ^ e P° r 18 uppresse , . t j le ^ mer * lcan rule of law and English pre-
test* desire of the gemlJnun on the other with that suppres-m,, this magnificent CL . Jel;t y ou caanot iw precedent any
it our mineral ivc j receptacle of truth is filed away in the docu-
ruth ol hi-tory as ,nent r<M,,H <,,r tl,e ,nt, >rmation of prusterity!
' The committee ask hiiu:
JOHN T.
Feb. 3-
OSBORN,
La w.
Attorney at
ELBKRTON, GA.
Wi‘1 practice in tbe countie* of tbe Northern Circuit,
iv»uks», Franklin and Habersham ot the W extern
Circuit; will jnve *t>ccial attantiou to all claim* entrust
'd hit* care. Jan. 10, 1874—ly.
FRA NK HARR A LSON,
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
CLEVELAND, GA.
Will practice in the countie* of While, Union, Lum-
Nm, Town*, and Fanning, and the Supreme Court at
•V-I.iuL. Will (five special atteutiou to all claim* en-
to hi* oar«\ Aug. 11 i 875—4l-»tf.
E SCHAEFER,
COTTON BUYER,
side, and while we feel
duty lo vindicate the truth ol lu-tory
regards the section which we represent,
feeling that it is a portion of this common I Qne*ti"n. your conolnaiuua correctly stated in
, r . , . . • thi* extract f
country, WC do Dot intend to say anything j Answer. i*art of my conclusions are stated—not the
calculated to aid the gentlemen in their ] Whole. Aponionufiny enuclaaiona.aujalaomyivoum-
work of crimination and recrim nation, and
Agent for Win
oct20wti.
of keeping up the war by politicians after
brave men have said the war shall end.
The gentleman from Maine on yesterday
presented to lie country two qn.-stious,
which he manife-tly intends to be the fun
damental principles ot the Hcptihlieuii par
ly, or at least of those who follow him in
that party. The first is what he is pleas, d
to term the magnanimity and grace ol the . e ni ? n .
Republican pirty; the second is the brutal-1 11 ore
ily of those whom he is pleased totenn “tlie or ; ? i
precedent any
where in any civilized country. I acquit
General Grant of comp icily in the whisky
frauds and revenue frauds, ami the tacts
acquit Mr. Davis, of complicity in any
atrocity anywhere.
Now, Mr. S|»eaker, I pass from the con
struction of that question to the real facts
about Andersonvilio. First, I want to call
the attention of the house to the law of the
Confederate Government on the subject of
the t rent meut of prisoners. I read from the
act of the Confederate Congress on that sub
ject ; it was very simple, and directed—
The ration, furnished prisoners of war shall be the
snme ill quantity and quality as those famished to en-
li-’.eil men in the array of the Confederacy.
That was the law, that was the law Mr.
Toecoui our, oa.
Highest ('.ah Price paid for Cotton.
'hi;.'* Git,, nnd Press.
E.A~\CILLIAMSON,
PRACTICAL
watchmaker and jeweller,
•M Dr. King’* Drug Store, Broad S.reet. Athens, Ga.
All w >rk done in a superior manner and warranted to
ftre satisfaction. Jan. 3—tf.
A~A. WINN,
—With—
GROOVER, STUBBS & CO.,
Cotton Factors,
—And—
General Commission Merchants,
Savannah, Ga.
Ties, Hope and otbur anppHcs furnished.
~™°> liberal cash advances made on con*igniucut* for
uf shipmaut to Liverpool or Northern
LIVERY a ND iALE ST A BLE
Girriaget, Buggies and Horses for nirc.
TERMS REASONABLE
K. M. WHITEHEAD. Washington, Wilks, Co., G*.
. AotSStfw.
memlatiou*, an* not stated.
Q. NS ell, touching the *ubi*»ct of excbanire ?
A. Ye*, sir; the general difficulties environing the
priHOuer* »nd their offic n*.
Q. Wliat became of your original report i
A. Tub b my original report.
That is, he had there the extract as far
as it went.
Q. Did you make this extract yourself I
The cntu'uittee seeiu to suspect that he was
the nian hut .-imply made the extract and
te committee. Now, here
he hand* of * )av ' s a Pl ,r °ved, and that was the law that
rebels.” Upon tbe first question, 1 do not the ju.ige-advoc .t«. f I delivered it into hi* hami* im-! ^ ,e > Sl> * ar 88 ^ ll8 agency was concerned, exe-
proiiose to wearv the llouso to-day. Itj ! uaeduualy Upon my arrival in Washington. I cured. ...
with the history’ of the las. fifteen years ! Aud this committee ot Congress to which , The gentleman in his speech has gone so
fresh in the memory of this people, the j lht ‘ gentleman refers absolutely tells us that j far as to say that Mr. Davis purposely sent
country is prepared to talk about the grace I •his mu;dated report was the one introduced j General Winder to Ander.-onville to organ-
and magnanimity of the Republican party, | in evi e,ice against this man Wirz, and it is ize a den ot horrors and kill federal soldiers,
argument woul . he wasted. Wi.li ma-ters j «he one merporated in this hook. i I do not quote exactly bis linguage, but I
n.-laved, intelligence disfraiielii-cd, society i * Now * 1 w »“ l t0 ‘° another | know it is “to organize a den of horrors;”
disorganized, industry parayzed, Stat s i «‘ rac t ft" 1 " taat ongnalreporr apart not hut lam surd cannot use any language
subverted. Legislatures dispersed by the ! included in this book. There are a great j more bitter than the gentleman used himself,
bayonet the people can accord to that I ™auy such omissions; I have not been’ able j Therefore, the next thing I will read is the
party the verdict of grace and magnaiiiini- j to R et “J 1 ,,f the, V; . . . order piven lor * he P«' r P"" uf locating this
ty, may God save the future ot our conn- Dr Jon , e * ,n h »" r «P , ’ rt ! 8 , B ,v,n ? a , n ac '
uy’a grace and inagnanimit v. | count of the causis of the sickness and mor-
.1 advance directly to that portion of the j tality at Andersonville; and he says, among
gentleman’s argument which relates to the | oll,er things:
question before the House. The gentleman i Surround.,} by these •iepre^inK wenK the post-
/ . . «i n i „ , • pom'ineut of the pencral exchauge of prisoner* und tue
from JrolinsylvauiSI lAlr. Kan<l;ill) lias J»rc- j con*t nitly receding hope* of deliverance through the
sented to tili-S HoilSf. and lie asks it to : OCU. not* their owngovernment, deprcused their already
. * I ;ii ,1... ; 1/lt | de*i*ou-dn^ spirit* and destioyed thos*e mental and
idopt It, a hill Oil tin Mil »J. Cl Ot amnesty , meal ell* r *:ie.s *o m-ce**ary for a successful struggle
rations alluwed them by law—the same ra
tion allowed to tbe confederate soldier—but
he says:
By in indulgence perhaps unprecedented we have
•ven allowed the prisoners in our bauds to be supplied
>y their friends at home with comforts not enjoyed by
he men who captured them in bsttie.
Tho Confederate Government gave fede-
•al prisoners the same rations that confeder-
ite soldiers in the field received. Federal
•risoners had permission to buy whatever
•Iso they pleased, and the confederates
tave their friends at home permission to
urnish them the means to do so. And yet.
Mr. Speaker, it is true that, in spite of all
hese advantages enjoyed by these prisoners,
:here were horrors, and great horrors, at
\udersonville. What were the causes of
those horrors ? The first was want of medi
cine. That is given as a cause hy Dr. Jones
n his testimony; that is given by this very
Father Hamilton, from whom the gentleman
from Maine read. Iu the very same testi
mony which - the gentlemen read Father
Hamilton says:
I conversed with Dr. White with regard to the con
ation of tbe men, and he told me it was not in his
K>wer to do anything for them ; that he had no medi
cine, and coaid not get any, and that ho wa* doing
tverytiiing in his power to help them.
Now, how was it that medicines and other
tissential supplies could not be obtained ?
Unfortunately, they were not iu the Con
federacy. Tho Federal Government made
medicine contraband of war, ami I am
not aware that any other nation on the earth
ever did such a thing before—not even the
Duke of Avn, sir. The Confederate Gov
ernment, unable to introduce medicines ac
cording to its right under the laws of na
tions, undertook to run the blockade, and
whenever possible the Federal navy captured
its ships anil took the medicines. Then,
when no other resource was left, when it was
suspeted that the women of the North—
the earth’s angels, God bless them—would
carry quinine and other medicines ot that
sort, so much needed by the federal prisoners
m the South, federal officers were charged to
capture the women and examine their |>etti-
coats, to keep them from carrying medicines
to confederate soldiers and federal prisoners,
and they were imprisoned. .Surely, sir, the
(Jontederate Government and the Southern
people are not to lie blamed tor a poverty in
medicates, food aud raiment enforced by the
stringent war measures ot the Federal Gov
ernment—a ;>overty which had its intended
effisit of immeasurable distress to the con-
lederate armies, although it incidentally in
flicted unavoidable distress upon the federal
prisoners in the South.
The Federal Government made clothing
contraband of war. It sent down its armies
anti they burned up the factories ct the
South wherever they could find them, for the
express purpose of preventing the confedera
tes from furnishing clothing to their soldiers,
and the federal prisoners of course shared
this deprivation of comfort for clothing. It
was the war policy of the Federal Govern
ment to make supplies scarce. Dr. Jones
in his testimony and Father Hamilton iu his
testimony, which I will not stop to read to
the House, explained why clothing was so
scarce to federal prisoners. —
Now, then, sir, whatever horrors existed at
Andersonvilio, nut one of them could be at
tributed to a single act of legislation of the
Confederate Government or to a single order
of tbe (Jontederate Government, but every
horror of Andersonville grew out of the
necessities of the occasion, which necessities
were cast upon the confederacy by the war
policy of the other side. The geiitleman
from Maine said that no confederate prisoner
was ever maltreated iu the North. And
when my triend answered from his seat “ a
thousand witnesses to the contrary in Georgia
alone,” the gentleman from Maine joined
issue, but as usual produced no testimony in
support of this issue. 1 think the gentleman
from Maine is to be excused. For ten years,
unfortunately, he and his have been reviling
the people who were not allowed to come here
to meet the revilers. Now, sir, we are face
to face, aud wheu you make a charge you
must bring your proof. The time lias passed
when tbe country can accept the impudence
of assertion for the force of argument or
recklessness of statement for the truth ot
history.
Now, sir, I do not wish to unfold the
coupler on the other side. I am an Ameri
can. 1 honor my country, and my whole
country, and it could be no pleasure to me
to bring forward proof that any portion ot
my couutrymeu have been guilty of willful
murder or of cruel treatment, to poor mana
cled prisoners. Nor will I make any such
charge. These horrors are inseparable,
many of them and most of them, from a state
sttglWttMa
MEDICAL NOTICE.
At tU solicitation of many of ray former patrons, I
T *»0i;ie th«
Practice of Medicine
thi« data. I will pay especial attention to the di*-
°f Infants aud Children, and the Chronic Disease*
Female*.
, WM. KING, M. D
.•'uni. 1R, 1873—SS-ly.
BLACK & GARDNER,
Carpenters and General Jobbers,
J^Pretfully offer their service* to the citixen* of Athens
‘"rtonnilin* country. Location, two door* east o!
52 tp'seopat Church, opposite Mr. U J. Laropkin’s
lorv ' Contracts for ballaing solicited.
March Sd. 1875-ly.
prison at Audersoiiville, or wherever it
should be properly located. The official or
der for the location of the stockade enjoins
that it should he in a “healthy locality, with
plenty ot pure water, with a running stream,
and, if possible, with shade trees, and in th'-
immediate neighborhood of grist and saw
mills.” That does not look like the organ!
which is precisely the same as the bill j ^SS-t'diSS and’di*! ration of a den of horrors, to commit murder.
. . . . . ! • . .1 J ® *. 1 J" • ... 1 TUaf trno flin Thot tuna swat
It- fveiltlenrill’s ’ appointment, mental depression and distress, attenil-
. . *- . : ing tno dailv longing fur an apparently hopeless release,
1 it, at the last I are felt to be a* potent agencies in the destruction of
' tue«e prisoner* as tho physical causes of actual disease.
passed in this House by th
own party, as 1 ninb-rstand
session of Congress. The gentleuiaa from
Maine has moved a reconsideration of the ! Ah! why that homesickness, that longing
vote by which it was rejected, avowing liis I and the distress consequent upon it, and its
purpose to l»e ;o offer an amendment. The j effect in carrying those poor, brave, unfor-
inaiii purpose of that amendment is to ex- j tuuate heroes to death? I will tell this
ctfj t from the operation of the bill one of; house before I am done.
the citizens of this country, Mr. Jefferson
Davis.
He alleges two distinct reasons why he
asks the House to make thui exception. I
Now, sir, there is another fact. Wirz
was put on trial, but really Mr. Davis was
the man intended to be tried through him.
] Over one hundred and sixty witnesses were
PHYSICIAN.
DV&ES SsJUSST 4 ''T“
A Co.,
81-tC
will state those reasons in the gentleman’s t introduced before the military commission
own language. First, he says that “ Mr. j The trial lasted three months. The whole
Davis was the author, knowingly, deliberate- country was under military despotism; citl-
ly, guiltily and willfully, of the gigantic | sens labored under duress; and qiffte a large
murders aud criiuesat Andersonville.” - hat; number of confederates were seeking to make
is a grave indictment He then character- | favor with the powers of the government,
izes in his second |>o.-ition what he calls the Yet. sir, during those three months, with
horrors of Andersonville. And he says of, all the witnesses they could bring to Wash-
them: ington, not one single man ever mentioned
An 1 I here, before God, measuring mv words, t |, e naroe of Mr. Davis in connection with a
Suhirth t i* e d«.d. 11 of ll u, l « shigle atrocity at Andersonville orebewhere.
countries, nor tl»s ma^sucre of Saint Bartholomew, nor , The gentle nan from Maine, With all hlS
the thumb-screw, and engine...f tort urv- of ti.r Spanish researc |, j nto a ]l the histories of the Duke of
ou* crime* of'iSmiers™iv?i'ie* ‘ '“ Je ’ Alva and tbe massacre of St. Bartholomew
Sir. he stands before the country with his and the Spanish inquisit on, has not been
very fame in peril if he, having made such able to frighten up such a witness yet.
charges, shall not sustain them. Now, I take' Now, sir, there is a witness on this sub-
up the propositions of the gentleman in their ject. Wita wns.oondemncd, found guilty,
or ler. I hope no gentleman imagines that sentenoed to be executed; and I have now
I .tin here to pass an enlogy upon Mr. Davia. before me the written statement of his
Tbe record upon which his tame most rest, counsel, a Northern man and a Union mam
That was the official order. That was not
all. These prisoners at Andersonville were
not only allowed tho rations measured out to
confederate soldiers both in quantity aud
quality iu every respect, but they were al
lowed also to buy as much outside as they
desired; a privilege, I am reliably informed,
which was not extended to many of tbe con
federate prisoners. I do not know bow that
is.
I do not wish to eharge if the facts were
otherwise. But in the book which tbe gen
tleman from Maine himself produces we find
this testimony, given by a union soldier.
He says:
We neter hod any difficulty in retting vegetables;
we used to buy almcMt anything that we wanted, of the
sergeant who called the roll mornings and nights. His
name wo* Smith, 1 think; be was Captain Win’s chief
sergeant. We were divided into messes, eight in eoaii
mesa; my meae used to bay from two to four bushels of
sweet potatoes a week, at the rale of kit confederate
mono? per bushel.
They got 120 of confederate money for
81 of greenbacks in those days.
Turnip* we bought at £$> a buaheL We had to buy
oar own aoep for washing opt own peteone end clothing;
We bought meat end egg and biscuit. There eeemed
to bean abundance of tho** thing*; they were in tbe
market constantly. That sergeant used to come down
with e wagon-toad of potatoes at a time, bringing twen
ty or twenty-live bushels at a load sometimes.
Now, air, Mr. Davis himself alluded to
that privilege which was allowed to the fed
oral soldiers. Tbe confederate authorities
not onlv allowed them to purchase supplies
as they* pleased outside, in addition to the
Tlatt -I d. sire to nay Unit I live within
thirty six miles of Elmira, and that those
statements are unqualifiedly false.
Hill—Yes, and I suppose if one rose
from the dead, the gentleman would not
believe him.
Platt—Does the gentl inan say that
these statements are true ?
Hill - Certainly Ido not say that they are
true, but I do cay that I believe the state
ment of the surgeon in cliarge, before that
of a politician thirty-six miles away. Now,
will the gentleman believe testimony from
the dead? The Bible says, “The tree is
Known by its fruits.” And, after all, wliat
Is the test of suffering of these p isoners
N orth aud South ? The test is the result.
Now, I call the attention oi gentlemen to
this tact, that the repot t of Mr. Stanton, the
Secretary of War—you will believe him,
will you Hot? ou the >9th of July, 1866 —
send to the library aud get it—exhibits the
fact that of tlie Federal prisoners in Con-
federa e hands during the war only 22,576
died, while of the Coufede. ate prisoners in
Federal hands, 26,186 died. And Surgeon
General Barnes reports in an official report
—I supp ise you will believe him—that in
round numbers the Confederate prisoners
in Federal hands amounted to 220,OUU,
while the Federal prisoners in Coni'ederate
minds amounted lo 270,000. Out of the
270,000 in Confederate hands 22, 00 died,
while of the 220,000 Co>.federates iu Fede
ral bauds over 26,000 died. Tlie ratio is
this: Mure than 12 per cent, of the Con
federate iu Federal hands died, and less
than 0 per ceut. of the Federals iu Confede
rate hands died. What is the logic of these
tacts, according to the gentleinau from
Maine? I scorn to chargo murder upon
ihe offieiuls of Northern prisons, as the gen
tleman lias < one upon Confederate prison
officials. I labor to demonstrate that such
unse ies are inevitable iu prison life, no
matter how humane the regulations. I
would scorn, too, to use a newspaper arti
cle, unless it was signed by one who gave
liis own name, aud whose statement,
if not true, can be disproved, and I
would believe such an one in preference to
any politician over there who was thirty-
six miles away fro a Elmira. That gentle
man, so prompt to contradict a surgeon,
inignt perhaps have smelled the small-pox,
out lie could not see it, aud I venture to
s..y that if he knew the sinall-pox was
there, he would have taken very good care
to keep thirty six mbes away. He is not
equal to the mutilated evidence brought iu
yesterday. But, sir, it appears from the
official record that the (Jouf.-dcraies came
from Elmira, from Fort Delaware aud trom
Rock Isianj and other places with their
augers frozen oft’, with their toes frozen off,
and with t ie.r teeth dropping out.
But tlie great question is behind. Every
American, North or South, must lament
that our country has ever impeached its
civilization by such an exhibition of horrors
on any side, and I speak of these things
with no degree of pleasure. God kuows if
I could hide them from the view
of the world I would gladly do it. But the
great question Ts, at last, who was responsi
ble for this state of things? And that is
really the only material question with which
statesmen now should deal. 8ir, it is well
known that when tbe waropened, at first the
authorities of the United .States determined
that they would not exchange prisoners.
The first prisoners captured by tho the Fed
eral forces where the ciew ot the Savannah,
and they were put in chains and sentenced
to be executed. Jefferson Davis, hearing ot
this, coiuinuuicat d through the lines, and
the confederates having meanwhile also cap
tured prisoners, he threatened retaliation
in case those men suffered, and the sentences
against the crew of the Savannah were not
executed. Sulisequently our friends from
this way—I believe my friend before me
from New York [ Mr. Cox] was one - insist
ed that there should be a cartel for the ex
change of prisoners. In 1862 that cartel
was agreed upon. In substance and briefly
it was that there should be an exchauge oi
man for man and officer for officer, and
whichever held an excess at the time of ex
change should parole the excess. This work
ed very well until 1863. I am going over
the facts very briefly.
Mr. Starkweather—I do not wish, and
noue ou this side wishes to interrupt the
gentleman. I believe he has spoken over
his hour. We desire that he shall speak as
long as he chooses, but we wish to have a
free discussion and want a little time on this
i side.
The Speaker—The gentleman from Geor-
! gia has not exhausted his hour • et.
Mr. Hill—1 was reciting briefly the facts.
of war. I hold iu my hand a letter written _
Ss.2sr.ir— *.«•
he whiter of 1864, 1865 wa* an unuinally severe and
rigid one, and the prisoner* arriving from the Southern
State* .airing thi* *ea*on were mostly old meu aud
l*d», clothed iu uttire *uitable only to tliegeuial cliin ite
of tbe South. 1 ueed not state to you that thi* aioue
wa* ample cuu*e tor un uuusual mortality a uong t ietn.
Tue surrounding* were of the following nature. uamel>:
narrow, confined limit*, but a few acre* in exteut—
And Andersonville, sir, embraced twenty-
seven acres —
end through which slowly flowed a turbid streoin of
water, carrying uloug with it all the cxcremeutol filth
•tud debris of the camp; this streuin of water, horrible
lo relate, was the only sources of supply, fur an extend
ed period, that the pri*ouers could possibly use for the
purpose of absolution aud to slake their thirst from day
to day; tue tents aud other shelter allotted to tne
camp at Elmira were insufficient and crowded to the
utmost exteut; hence, small-pox and other skin dis
eases raged througn the cump.
Here 1 may note tiiat owing to s general order fVom
tho Government to vaccina e the prisoners, iny oppor
tunities were ample to observe the effect* oi spur.ua*
aud diseased matter, and there is uo doubt iu m< miud
but that syphilis was engrafted in many instances; ugly
end hoirible nicer* aud eruptions of* characteristic na
ture were, alas, too frequent and obvious to be mistaken.
8moli-pox cases were crowded in such a manner that it
was a matter of impossibility for tbe surueon to treat
his patients individually; they actually laid so adjacent,
that the simple movement of one wonld cause bis
' hbor to cry oat in an agony of pain. The oonfluent
malignant type prevailed to such un extent and of
such a nature, that the body would frequently be fouud
one continuous aeob.
The diet end ot er allowances by the Government for
the are of tbe prisoners were ample, yet the poor un
fortunates were allowed to starve.
New, sir, the Confederate regulations
authorized ample provisions for Federal
prisoners the same that was made for Con-
lederate soldiers, and you charge that Mr.
Davis is responsible tor not having those
allowances honestly supplied. T.ie United
States made pro virion for Confederate
prisoners, so tkr as rations were concerned,
fur feeding those in Federal hands; and
yet, wliat Bays be surgeon? “Thvy were
allowed to starve.”
But “ why r> lea query which 1 will allow your read
er* to infer end to draw conclusions therefrom. Out of
tbe number of prisoners, as heretofore mentioned, over
three thousand of tnem now lie buried in the cemetery
toasted near tbe camp for that purpose—a mortality
equal, if not greater than th t of any prison in tbe
South. At Auderaonville, as 1 am well informed by
brother officers who endured confinement there, as welt
os by tne record* at Washington, th* mortality w«*
twelve thousand out of; say forty thousand prisoner*.
Hence, it is readily to be seen that the mortality was no
lea* at Bhnir* than at A pd ergon villa.
Mr. Platt—Will tbe gentleman aliow me
to interrupt him a moment to ask him
where he gets that statement?
Mr. Hil.—It is the statement of a Fede
ral surgeon, published in tbe New York
World. .... ...
eral authorities refused to continue the ex'
change. Now commenced n history which
the world ought to know, and which I hope
the House will grant me the privilege of stat-
ing, and 1 shall do it from official recur's.
This, I say frankly to the gentleman on the
other side, was in truth one of the severest i
tdows stricken at tne Confederacy, this refu
sal to exchange pri-oners in 1863, and con
tinued through 1864. The confederates
made every effort to renew the cartel. Among
other things, ou the 2d of July, 1873, the
Vice-President of the Confederacy, the gen
tleman to whom the gentleman from Maine
[Mr. Blaine] alluded the other day in so
complimentary terms, Mr. Alexander II.
Stephens, was absolutely commissioned by
President Davis to cross the lines and come
to Washington to consult with the Federal
authorities, with a broad commission to agree
u|H>u any cartel satisfactory to the other side
lor the exchange of prisoners. Mr. Davis
said to him, “Your missiou is simply one
of humanity, an I has no political aspect.”
Mr. Stephens undertook that work. What
was the result? I wish to be careful, and
will state this exactly correctly. Here is his
letter ;
CosrxDEiun Stars Stcamu Tobfzdo, i
la Jama Kivu, July 4. 1863. (
8ta:—Ae military commissioner, I am the beoret of
e communication in writing fkom Jefferson Davie, com
mander-in-chief of the land aud osrol force* of tbe
Confederate Staee, to Abraham Linooln, ooumaoder-
iu-ehief of the la. id and naval forgo* ot the United
States. Hon. Robert Cold, Confederate States Agent
of Exchange, accompanies me as secretary, for the par-
pose of delivering the communication in person end
conferring upon the anbject to which it relates. I de
sire to proceed to Washington in tho steamer Torpedo,
oommuuJed by Llcateneut Hanter Davidson, of the
Confederate States navy, no person being on bawd bat
Hon. Mr. Oald, myself and tho boat’s officers and crew.
Yours, most respectfully,
ALES, a STEPHENS.
To S. H. Lsx, Admiral.
This was directed to SL H. Lee, admiral.
Here is the answer:
Acting Rear-Admiral 8. H. I so, Hampton Roods:
The request of Alexander H. Stephens is Insdmiksi-
hl*. • * * Gil EON WELLES.
Secretory of the Nary.
You will acknowledge that Mr. Stephens'
humane mission failed. Tbe confederate
authorities gave to that mission as mpeh
dignity and character as possible. They sup
posed that of all men n the South Mr.
Stephens most nearly had your confidence.
They selected him to be the bearer of mes
sages for tlie take of humanity iu behalf of
the brave federal soldiers who were unfor
tunately prisoners of war. The Federal
Government would not even receive him;
the federal authorities would not hear biro.
Wnat was the next effort? After Mr.
Stephens’ mission failed, and after the com
missioner for the exchange of prisoners,
Colonel Ould, having exhausted all Ws efforts
to get the cartel renewed, on the 24th of
January, 1864, wrote the following letter to
Major General E. A. Hitchcock, agent of
exchange on the federal side:
Cosnonun Stars or Amiuoa, 1
Wa* Dir stxixt, V
RicmcoKD, Va., Js.i. "4,1S44. j
Sib In view of the present difficulties attending the
exchange and release of prisoners, I pro pore that all
such on either side shall be attended by a proper num
ber of tueir own surgeons, who, under ruL* to be es
tablished, shall be permitted to take charge of tLeir
health and comfort. I also propose that these surgeons
shall act as commissaries, witu power to receive and
distribute sneh contributions of money, food, clothing,
end medicines a* rosy be forwarded for the relief of the
prisoners, i further p oposo that these surgeons shell
be selected by tbeir own government, end that they
shall have full liberty, at any and all times, through the
agents of exchange, to moke report* not only of thair
owu acta, bat of any matters relating to the weUsnTof
the prisoners.
Respectfully, your obedient servant,
ROBERT OULD,
Agent of Exchange.
Mqjor General E. A. Hitcucock, Agent of Exchange.
The Speaker—The hour of the gentleman
has expired.
Mr. Randall—I move tho gentleman from
Georgia be allowed to proceed.
Mr. Blaine—l.do not object; but before
the gentleman from Georgia passes from the
subject upon which he is now speaking, I
would be glad to know
The Speaker—If there be no objection the
gentleman from Georgia will have leave to
proceed.
There was no objection.
Mr. Blaine—I believe the gentleman from
Georgia [Mr. Hill] was a member of the
Confedera e Senate. I find in a historical
book of some authenticity of character that
in the Confederate Congress Senator Hill, of
Georgia, introduced the following resolution,
relating to prisoners
Mr. Hill—You are putting roe on trial
now, are you ? Go ahead.
Mr. Blaine—This is the resolution:
That every person pretending to be a soldier or officer
of the United States who shall be captured on the toil
of the Confederate States after the let day of January,
1863, shall bo prosumod to have entered the territory of
tue Confederate States with the intent to incite insur
rection and abet murder, and unless satisfactory proof
bo adduced to the contrary before the military court
before which the trial aliali be bad, shall suffer death.
Tnia section shall continue in force antil th* proclama
tion issued by Abniham Lincoln, dated at Washington
ou the xxd day of September, 1863, shall be rescinded,
and the policy therein announood shall be abandoned,
and no longer.
Mr. Hill—I will say to tho jjenlleman
from Maine, very frankly, that I have not
the slightest recollection of ever hearing
that resolution before.
Mr. Blaine—The gentleman does not deny,
however, that he was the author ot it?
Hill—I do not know. My own impres
sion is that I was not the author of that re
solution ; but I do not pretend to recollect
the circumstances. If the gentleman can
give me the circumstances under which
it was introduced, they might recall the
matter to my mind.
Blaine—Allow me to read further.
October 1. 1862.—The judiciary committee of th*
Confederate Congress mode a report and off >red a ret of
resolution* upon the subject of President Lincoln’s
proclamation, from which the following are extract*:
2. Every white person who shall act os a commis
sioned or nan-commissioned officer commanding ne
groes or inulattocs acnin-t tne Confederate States, or
who shall arm, organize, train, or prepare negroea or ...
malattoea for military service, or aid them in any mili
tary enterprise agsinst the Confederate States, wail, if
captnrod, suffer death.
3. Every commissioned or non-commissioned officer
of the enemy who shall incite slaves to rebellion, or
pretend to give them freedom under the aforementioned
act of Congress wd proclamation, by abducting ->r
causing them to be abdneted, of inducing them to ab
scond, shall, if captured, suffer death.
Thereupon Senator Hill, of Georgia, is
recorded as having offered the resolution
I have just read.
Hill—I was Chairman of the Judiciary
Committee in the Senate.
B aine—And this resolution came direct-
'.y from that committee ?
Hill—It is very probable that, like the
Chairman of the Committee on Rules at
the last session, I may have consented to
that report. [Laughter.]
Blaine The geutleman then admits that
he did make that report ?
Hill—I really do not remember, but I
think it more than likely.
A member (to Mr. Blaine)—What is the
book?
Blaine—The book from which I read is
eutitled “Republicanism in America,” by
R. Guy McClellan. It appears to be a book
of good credit and authenticity. I, merely
want it settled whether the gentleman from
Georgia was or was not the author of the
resolution.
Mr. Hill. I say to tho gentlemen frankly
that I really do not remember.
Mr. Blaine—The geutleman does not say
he was not the author.
Mr. Hill—1 do not. I will say this: I
think I was not the author. Possibly I re
ported the resolution. It refers in terms to
“ pretended,” not real soldiers.
Mr. Blaiue—1 thought that inasmuch as
the gentleman's line of argument was to
show the character of the confederate policy,
tbis might aid him a little in calling up the
facts pertinent thereto. [Laughter and ap
plause.]
Mr. Hill—With al) due deference to the
gentleman, I reply he did not think any such
thing. Ho thought he would divert me from
the purpose of my argument and break its
force by
Mr. Blaine—Ob, no.
Mr. Hill—He thought he would get up a
discussion about certain measures presented
in tbe Confederate Congress having no rela
tion to the subject now under discussion, but
which grew out of tbe peculiar relation of
the Southern States to a population then in
servitude—a population which the Confed
erate Government feared might be incited to
insurrection—aud measures were doubtless
proposed which the Confederate Government
may have thought it proper to take to pro
tect helpless women and children in the
8outh from insurrection. But I shall not
allow myself to be diverted by tbe gentleman
to go either into tbe bistoty of slavery or of
domestic insurrection, or, as a friend near
me suggests, “ John Brown’s raid.” 1 know
this, that if I or any.gentlfipien on the com
mittee was the author of that resolution,
which I think more than probable, our pur
pose was not to do injustice to any man, wo
man er child, North or South, but to adopt
what we deemed stringent measures within
the laws of war to protect our wives and
children from servile insurrection and slaugh
ter while our brave sons were in the front.
’That. ieg!|, l|ir
But, sir, I have read a letter from the
Confederate Commissioner of Exchange,
written in 1864, proposing that each tude
send surgeons with the prisoners: that they
nurse and treat tbe prisoners; that tbe
Federal authorities should send as many as
thoy pleased; that those surgeons bo com
missioned as commissaries to furnish sup-
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