Newspaper Page Text
0y r. S. HOWARD.
VOLUME YI.
I The Hi!er Courage.
,i thiit liie *s not what I dream,
I l ' , li;!in gdtlsh, and woman vain;
tlie gtren.? live made strong through
. n .j. e me ahe but in bearing pain;
I',. om -oili nre filled with earthly dust,
, _ i ft ie. from our skies away,
( ; the human heart, like the mountain
; til grief on the brightest day.
Te t most wo ll ve lor petty aims,
V 1 P er:ecl * on ex * stß nowhere ?
a , house-plants—well, what then ?
j „ fields are green, and the hills are fair.
; dreams than evil facts,
A ,. 0 ) } ] e (kith than ignoble deeds.
v nth nay not run through fruits and
}[-4l til: (tore fill my hands with weeds?
y ; hiKnv they must die
i , * rt r-; ghts of the misty dawn;
... i, > more at the shrines of youth,
, ; i 1- are broken, their splendor gone,
jy ncriing on as best we may,
\\ v. r makes or whatever mars,
[t can ho crime, ii our feet grow tired,
j ; the dust he nearest, to look at the
\ i7 ' find no fault wiih the world as it is,
Though the end of till you may not see.
Fictj nre God's thoughts, my friend; and
Wbat is God but reality ?
ffemust hd' )r on till the long day’s close;
ft,, shall know lito’s meaning then. Oh,
Acjuity find it true in the end—who knows ?
I'se el 1 tide of the angel and Israel.
—Augustus M. Lord.
wled by the vigilantes.
The recent twenty-fourth anniversary
mthe murder of James King, editor of
the San Francisco Bulletin, led C. L.
Divine, foreman in the office of the In
dianapolis Journal, to tell a reporter the
following stirring incidents of Califor
nia's early days:
I was in San Francisco in 1856, and
aff.irs had grown from bad to worse,
until tin re was no protection whatever
to either life or property. Outlaws
from all part of the world had flocked
there, chiefly from the large cities of
the Atitntic States, and desperadoes
from Australia. Murder was almost of
every-day occurrence. I was setting type
on the Sui Francisco O obe; myself and
other printers, when our work was done
at night m in the early morning, always
arranged to go home in squads of four
or dve for self protection, carrying our
revolvers in our hands. You can have
no idea of the lawlessness that prevailed
there, nor of the desperate roughs who
r quired the heroic treatment of a vigi
lance committee. But the work done
by that committee was one of puritica
tion, and for nearly twenty years after
the moral atmosphere that pervaded
Ssn Francisco was delightful. What 1
think started the vigilance committee
oftfiat year wis the murder of General
| Richardson, United States marshal, by
igambler named Cora. Bella Cora, the
wi f e of this man, was notorious, beauti-
J and wealthy. One night at the
theater General Richardson, through
“ !< opera-glass, gazed on this woman.
A-1 said, she was a woman o f remark
a‘J‘e beauty, and he looked long and
seaichingly at her. She, it seems, be
tomeangry, and, considering herself in
-1 ted, took offense. She told Cora that
' never would be satisfied until he had
m.cil General Richardson, and he
promised he ’ to do the deed.
night or two after this Cora met
in the Blue Wing, a grand
unking saloon of that day, and charged
•*' fatter with the offense. The general
that he had not intentionally
“'U.ted the lady, and made ample apol
p?ltV The two men then took a drink
-og l tlier— the California way of set
‘ U small difficulties—and stepped out
01 the saloon to the pavement. Amo
i u!tPr a pistol shot was heard.
L 1 had treacherously killed Richard-
Hn ' ,ln '' woman was avenged. He
and taken to jail, as he ex-
L, , to e—a mere formality, a3 a
UUtl amounted to nothing except a
i , e , matter of money to bribe justice,
_ r t ‘p.judges were notoriously corrupt.
Mt'rifl was Dave Scannell, a rough,
. a P a -ticular friend of Cora. The
ns murmured, but it was only an
. ‘ 1 lnan killed. There was nothing
; - clone. There would be, as there
een before, a trial by jury, the
,i^ ou ‘and disagree, and soon after,
j- exr itement having subsided, at the
'l" x: tr j a l the jury would acquit.
■ >ittK-s King, called James King of
ot ,‘‘\ uim lo distinguish him from an
s 'r. ‘ ie Same name, had just
the San Francisco Evening Bul
;Vi * le was an honest, fearless man
inW f UI asll scoundrels who
H ' J ( 1 the Golden Gate without mercy.
them openly and fearlessly.
u r tx P°sed the villainy of Ned
c " J wan, Billy Mulligan, Jim Casey,
,V an( * others, ballot-box stuff
th'it 1 r^^ ves generally, and they saw
T ,! m tlaa to be got oufc °* the way.
w 11 f e named and one or two others
*' Ce t 0 see w ho was to kill King,
“ lot fell to Casey,
thp .f U fourteenth day of May, 1856,
1 < rnoon that King was killed, I
ofi]' at my case in the Qlobe
w e - opposite Wells & Fargo’s. Casey,
Fin-, U \ en f ur hing about Wells,
K v V ‘ °*’ s . stood in the door as James
down the street, going di
g' ‘ ‘ \ across the street to Mont
w L .* 'dock. When he got about half
C; , ! oss > Casey, following at his back,
br - / >Ut to ' l^m - Kin? turned, and as
and Ca?n fired, shooting him in
THE FOREST news.
(lie breast. When the shot Bred
3°,“: P " n ‘7 (711*11 heard the report)
, here s another man gone!*’
out V 1 TT 110 t,lewindows to look
r I, °f the compositors said: “My
God. that s James King of the Bulletin .”
evervt?' an u r hiS , friends ha(l Panned
slm/ir-' 11 * b^ fore I!ind - As soon as he
shot King, Casey give himself up to
bis confederate, Sheriff Dave Scannell,
and went to jail. What King wrote of
asey was that he was an escaped con
vict from Sing Sing. Weil, the news
°t the murder went over the city like
wudfire. creating intense excitement
every where. Business houses were closed
and merchants, mechanics, the best
citizens, came out in the streets. Tnere
wclc men speaking at nearly every street
corne •, urging that the time had come
or the people to take the law into their
own hands. A printer, named An
drews, and myself with others spoke at
the corner of Merchant and Montgom
ery streets. It was the first and°only
speech I ever made in my life. As I
finished speaking a man came up and
said he wanted Andrews and me. We
took several printers we knew and went
with the stranger to a large warehouse
on Sansom street, and were there told
that a vigilance committee was form
ing. We registered our names, and
were each given a number and went out
My number was 2,895. Mo man got into
that organization unless fully vouched
for as thoroughly reliaole.
We met in a large hall the next night
or two after initiation, and were put
into companies, electing our own offi
cers and forming regiments. No man
was called by name; each had his num
ber. We were armed at first in all sorts
of ways—revolvers, knives, clubs, any
thing; but we soon provided ourselves
with muskets and ammunition. Our
foi ce soon rose to b,OOO men, and was
composed of cavalry, artillery, mounted
riflemen and infantry. Who was the
leader? I never knew any leader. All
our orders came from “Thirty-three,
secretary, by order of the committee.’*
We took a large building in JSansom
street next, in which we made cells,
court-room, storage rooms for arms,
and all necessary apartments. This
building was got in order with a dis
patch that rivaled the erection of Alad
din’s palace. It was thoroughly guarded
at every point. On the ground were
sand-bag embankments, and there were
four caunon upon the roof, while num
erous projecting pieces of artillery
were pointed down from the roofs of
adjacent buildings. There were 6,000
stand of small arms and thirty cannon
A large bell was placed on our quar
ters in Sansom street, and when three
taps were sounded every vigilante was
co come instantly to the committee
rooms.
Governor Johson called this upraising
of citizens an insurrection, rebellion and
other harsh names, and issued a pro
clamation taking measures to put us
down. Then we had offers of help from
all parts of the State. Word came
from the mines and from the towns
everywhere. Sacramento offered thou
sands of men, if necessary, to help us.
Many of the thieves and ox
stuffer3 took the alarm and fled. On
Sunday, May 18, 1836, three taps were
sounded on the bell on the roof of the
committee-rooms, and the vivilantes
came to headquarters, 3,000 strong.
They were completely organized and
fully armed. Everybody understood
what was going to happen as two com
panies marched to the jail. Sheriff
Scannell was on the roof of the jail,
which was flat, with a posse, and the
demand came from the vigilantes for
Casey to be delivered up to them. Scan
nell replied that he would protect
Casey with his life. The companies
then fell back for orders, when a bat
tery came up, supported by the entire
3,000 vigilantes, and was planted in
front of the jail. The man in command
of the battery then demanded the sur
render of Casey, and, drawing his
watch, gave Scannell three minutes to
consider the demand. Scannell par
leyed until two minutes of the time had
passed, and then came down and threw
open the jail doors. Asa squad of vigi
lantes passed by Cora’s cell with Casey
the former cried out, “Jim Casey,
you’ve signed my death warrant.”
Casey was put in a carriage, surrounded
by the citizen soldiery, and taken to
the committee-rooms. The vigilantes
then returned and demanded Cora, who
was immediately surrendered and
brought to the rooms.
Casey and Cora were then brought to
trial in the court-room of the vigilantes.
They were allowed witnesses and coun
sel, and the trial was conducted with
fairness, except that all technicalities
were ruled out. No names were used iu
this trial, th ? judge, jury and all the of
ficers of the court being designated by
numbers. One of the provisions of the
constitution of the vigilantes was that
no person brought before the committee
should be punished without a fair trial
and conviction. If arrested and tried
thieves, gamblers and dangerous men,
as well as murderers, and in eases of con
viction there |were but two penalties—
death by the rope or banishment. Dur -
ing its short reign it tried and disposed
of over thirty cases brought before it—
hundreds fled without waiting for trial
—and of these, four] were hanged. It
was said that after Cora was taken from
the jail the wicked woman who had in
stigated the murder offered SIOO,OOO to
any one who would get him out of the
hands of the committee. But there was
no way of bribing or escaping that stern,
unrelenting justice.
On the twenty-second of May, Casey
and Cora, a iter a fair trial, were hanged
rom the windows of the committee
JEFFERSON, GA., FRIDAY, JUNE 25, 1880.
rooms. A beam of wood projected from
above each of two windows, from which
dangled a rope A plank was at the
foot of each ot tne two windows and on
each stood a condemned man—Casey on
one, Cora on the o‘her. They were not
blindfolded.
The funeral of James King took place
on the same day. Ii was passing down
Montgomery street just as the final ar
rangements in the tragedy in which
these two men formed the awful central
figures were being completed. As the
hearse crossed Sansom street, standing
on the boar as at the windows, their
heads in the noose, they could plainly
see the somber vehich as it drew its
dread length along. As it crossed the
street and receded from their sight the
boards fell from beneath their feet.
The vigilantes continued the work
thus begun, arresting, trying and fixing
the punishment of the criminals brought
before their tribunal.
Among the arrests made by the com
mittee was the noted pugilist, “ Yankee
Sullivan.” He was arrested and tried
for ballot-box stuffing, a crime in which
lie had been so notorious that he feared
the committee would hang him. He
was confined in a cell after trial, and
would probably have got no heavier
sentence than banishment, but he got
scared, and at night, in his cell, com
mitted suicide. Someone had given
him a bottle of ale or porter. He broke
the bottle, and with the sharp gla'-s cut
the veins in his left arm and bled to
death. He was found stiff and cold,
dead in his cell, the next morning.
Only two other men were hanged by
the committee. One of them was not a
man in years, though a monster in hu
man form. His nane was Brace. He
was a hack-driver, and only nineteen
years of age. He had been tried for
murder on more than one occasion in
the courts, but escaped without diffi
culty. When tried by the committee
no less than fourteen murders were
found to have been committed by him.
He would get a person into his hack,
drive out upon the sand, and putting a
revolver to the head of the heloless pas
senger blow his brains out. Then he
would rob him.
Hetherington was a wealthy des
perado. He had also been tried for mur
der, but escaped from punishment
through the use ot money In July the
bell on the committee rooms rang out
three times. Hetherington had gone in
to the Metropolitan hotel, and fiad there
met Dr. Randall. Randall was standing
near a cigar-case as Hetherington ap
proached him, taking a note from his
pocket, which he held before the former,
asking him if he would pay that now.
Randall said he couldn’t pay it then,
but would fix it soon. “Take that,
then,” said Hetherington, firing' two
shots. In an instant several vigilantes
they were every where gathered
around him and took him away to the
rooms. The cause of the ringing of the
bell was that a report had been received
that the “law and order” party in
tended a rescue.
Brace and Hetherington were not
uanged from the windows of the rooms
as Casey and Cora had been, but from a
sea ffjid erected half a square away in the
-trects.
The little notices sent out to the evil
doers by “33 ” read very plain. There
was no style about them, but as a gen
eral thing, when a “spotted” individual
got one of these notices he disappeared
as soon as possible, and the places that
had known him knew him no more for
ever. It simply said: “You are’or
dered by the committee to leave in
stantly, or in twenty-four or thirty-six
hoars,” as the case might be, and it was
signed “ 33, secretary.”
The case of Judge Terry, as near as I
can now call it to mind, was this: A
man named Hopkins had an order from
“33” for the arrest of some offender,
and went into a business house to ar
rest liis man. Judge Terry, United
States judge, interfered with the arrest
in some way; there was a scuffle, and
the judge with a knife stabbed Hopkins
in; e neck. Terry was instantly ar
rested and hurried to the rooms of the
committee. Hopkins, badly wounded,
was taken with the most considerate
tenderness to an engine-house near by.
Here everything was speedily fitted up
for his reception. The surroundings
were made luxurious; ladies came and
nursed him; the best medical aid to be
bad waited upon him; ropes were
Stretched about the building along the
streets to keep vehicles and fcot pas
sengers at a distance; sawdust was
spread upon the streets to deaden sound.
The life of a United States judge hung
upon a verv frail tenure for days and
weeks. Had Hopkins died Terry would
undoubtedly have been hanged, and
David Broderick would not afterward
liav c died at Terry’s hands.
The law and order party applied to
the commander of a United States ves
sel in the bay for assistance, saying that
the United States judge was in the hands
of rioters. The commander sent
word to the committee to deliver Judge
Terry on his vessel by three o’clock in
the afternoon of that day, or he would
open fire on the committee building.
The guns of the vessel were turned
broadside to the rooms, and it looked
as if we were actually going to come in
conflict with the United States author
ities. The guns of the vigilantes were
then trained on the vessel, and we sent
back the defiance that in case the vessel
opened fire we would blow her out of
the bay. The committee had, however,
in the meantime, sent word to Commo
dore Stockton, I think, at Mare island,
and he recognizing the gravity of the
situation, ordered the vessel to leave for
the Sandwieh islands, and at 3 p. m.,
instead of Judge Terry being delivered
FOR THE PEOPLE.
to that ship, she had her nose turned to
the placid waters of Honolulu. Terry
was held for several weeks, until Hop
kins’ recovery was assured.
The citizens, then, things h iving
quieted down, concluded to again put
their trust in an election. The ballot
box staffers, thieves and blacklegs had
been thoroughly wiped out, though a
fragment of opposition, the “law and
order party,” yet remained. The elec
tion came off, and the “ people’s ticket ”
was triumphantly elected.
The vigilantes hai done their work,
and done it well. They threw open the
doors of the committee building for
public inspection, and for two days a
stream of people poured through the
rooms, looking at everything. The
weapons that were taken from the mur
derous bullies, and the implements of
the thieves, burglars, gamblers and
ballot-box stuffers were all shown and
examined by thousands of curious eyes.
In September the vigilantes paraded
through the principal streets. Eight
thousand as brave men as ever stepped
together, who had routed villainy and
murder in their stronghold, and made
California inhabitable. There were
cavalry, infantry, artillery every
branch of the service— and they marched
proudly, as indeed they had good cause
to do. Then they disbanded, each man
settling down quietly to his work.
Taxes came down; there was the most
perfect security to life and property,
and for two long decades San Francisco
was noted as a quiet city.
Some Curious Facts.
A petrified pike has been dug up
from a depth of forty feet at Newton,
Ind.
A street-car motor, to be run by
quicksilver, is being made at Aurora,
111.; 800 pounds of quicxsilver are re •
quired.
The newspaper owes its oriein to
the custom which prevailed in Venice
in the sixteeth century of reading aloud
in the public places a manuscript of
the news of the day, prepared by au
thority.
A merchant of Portsmouth, England,
purposely began a ship on Friday,
launched her on Friday, named her the
“ Friday” ana got a commander for her
named Friday. She sailed from port
on a Friday, and was never heard of
again. Yet this proves nothing.
The surveying for the St. Gotlwd
tunnel was so nicely done that although
the tunnel is nine and a quarter miles
long the two galleries were bored with
such precision that they met with a
difference of only four inches in level
and a lateral deviation of less than
eight inches.
Naturalists who have been exploring
Borneo assert that in the stems of cer
tain plants found there are galleries
tuneled by a species of ant, and that the
presence of the ant is essential to the
existence of the plants, for, unless at
tacked by the insects when young, the
plants soon die.
O xen an oyster, retain the liquor ir
the lower or deep shell, and if viewed
through a microscope it will be found
to contain multitudes of small oysters,
covered with shells and swimming
nimbly about—l2o of which extended
but one inch, Besides these young
oysters, the liquor contains a variety of
animalcule and myriads of three dis
tinct species of worms.
“Dear Old Pa” Was There.
It was dark in the depot one day last
week when the evening train came in.
An elderly farmer was backed up against
the partition, watching in open
mouthed wonder the big puffing engine
and the yellow covered cars as they dis
charged their passengers, when a hand
some young girl in a sealskin cloak
dashed forward and throwing herself
upon the honest granger’s manly breast.,
imprinted a kiss upon his sunburned
cheek and exclaimed:
“ You dear old pa, I knew you would
be waiting for me! And how’s mother,
and how’s Jennie and how’s John—and
oh! I’m so glad to get back—and where’s
my ti-unk—and oh! va, you take the
check and let’s hurry.”
The granger was old and kind of dried
up, and he had never known what i
was to have a wife, much less a daugh
ter. He mistrusted the young lady in
the sealskin sack had made a mistake,
but instead of stammering and hem
ming and hawing, he came gallantly up
to the scratch, and throwing both arms
around the fair creature, he made up
his mind to be a father to her or die in
the attempt. Imprinting a kiss like
the report of a pistol on her cheek he
enthusiastically ejaculated:
“Oh, yer mother’s well , an’ John a
Henry an’ (smack) an’ Jane an’ Susan
(smack, smack.) an’ Horace an’ Belindy
an’ Calvin (smack), an 1 Peter, (smack,
smack,) oh, they’re all smart an’ hearty
an’—”
By the time the young lady’s friends
could get to her she had slid into a
stony faint and they had to lug her
home in a hack, while the aged granger,
as he finished the third round with her
outraged young man and sauntered out
of the depot, leaving him with a bad
eye and a ruptured coat, chuckled to
himself:
“The old man’s getting old an’stiff
an’ careless like, but when any young
females wants to play any games o’
Copenhagen, they’ll find him right to
time, an’ I should n’t be s'prised if it
rained ’fore nine o’clock. G’lang,
Kate!”—j ßockland, {Me.) Courier.
TIMELY TOPICS.
A French physician who has studied
the effects of turpentine on some 300
painters, arrives at the conclusion that
the injurious effects produced by turpen
tine fumes can never be sufficiently se
vere to cause death unless they are con
tained in a very confined space. With
good ventilation no fear need be enter
tained of fatal effects from this cause.
The earth turns upon its axis with a
surface velocity of over 1.000 miles at
the equator, while at the pole the rate is
reduced to zero. A scientific gunner
says that, under special circumstances,
heavy guns with long ranges have to be
corrected for the different rate of rota
tion of the earth at the place from which
one is fired and the point where the slot
falls, which difference may cause as
much as two yards deflection to one
side or the other in firing north or
south. The earth’s rotation is thus
actually made visible.
Dr. Manson has been communicating
important information in regard to
filariiß, which are now proved to be
introduced into the human system by
the bite of mosquitoes. These filarise
are small microscopic worms, and Dr.
Manson spoke of their singular habit
of periodically passing in and out of the
blood circulation.and gave a table show
ing the hour of the day and night at
which they were either present or absent
in the blood. These worms were re
markably punctual in keeping to their
appointed times. The evening inrush to
the circulation commences at about
half-past seven, the overcrowding tak
ing place about midnight. Dr. Manson
exhibited drawings and specimens of
the filarise in all its stagesot growth,
and also numerous infected mosquitoes.
There are 2,000,000 bee hives in the
United States. Every hive yields, on
an average, a little over twenty-two
pounds of honey. The average price at
which honey is sold is twenty-five
cents a pound. So that, after paying for
their own board, our bees present us
with a revenue of over $8,800,000. To
reckon it another way, they make a
clear gift of one pound of pure honey to
every man, woman and child in the vast
domain of the United States. In 1860
over 23,333,333 pounds of wax were
made and given to us by these indus
trious workers. An agricultural ex
change says the keeping of bees is fone
of the most profitable investments that
people can make of their money. The
profits arising from the sale of surplus
honey average from 50 to 200 per cent,
of the capital invested.
James Parton concludes a recent very
suggestive article upon the habits and
death of B lyard Taylor, whom he had,
as a personal friend, warned against the
danger of wine and beer-drinking and
smoking as follows: Mental labor is
not hostile to death and life; but I am
more than ever convinced that a man
who lives by his brain is of all men
bound to avoid stimulating his brain by
alcohol and tobacco as only a slow
kind of suicide. Even the most moder
ate use of the mildest wine is not with
out danger, because the peculiar ex
haustion caused by severe mental labor
is a constant and urgent temptat ; on to
increase the quantity and strength o
the potation. I would say to every
young man in the United States, if I
could reach him, if you mean to attain
one of the prizes ol your profession and
live a cheerful life to the age of eighty,
throw away your dirty old pipe, put
your cigars in the stove, never buy any
more, become an absolute teetotaler,
take your dinner in the middle of the
day, and rest one day in seven.
The work done by the Russian Red
Cross society in Roumania during the
Russo-Turkey war has lately been pre
pared and published. Altogether eleven
ambulance trains were employed in the
conveyance of sick and wounded, four
being supplied by the military authori
ties and seven by the Red Cross society,
the total number transported by the
trains in 331 journeys amounting to 2,6518
oflicers, 75,099 men, and 1,350 sick or
wounded Turkish prisoners. Besides
these, 22,247 sick and wounded officers
and men were taken on specially hired
steamers down the Danube to Ibraila.
The personnel employed by the Red
Cross society comprised thirty-3ix dele
gates and fourteen agents for admistra
tive purposes, forty four surgeons, thir
ty-nine medical students, fifty-three
dressers, forty-three female students and
dressers, and 516 sisters of mercy; while
the money expended amounted to over
two million dollars. A large amount of
clothing and medical stores were also
distributed by the society.
One of the coaches on the Grea
Western railroad, of England, has been
painted with Prof. Balmain’s luminous
paint. It is in appearance very little
different from ordinary paint, but dur
ing the time the carriage is exposed to
the light the paint is rapidly absorbing
the daylight, and when night comes it
throws out a mild radiance. It has
been employed on life buoys, rendering
them visible from a long distmce.
A clerk in a Broadway store recently
asked for a half day’s absence, because
he wanted to attend a funeral in the
country. When he returned the next
morning with red hands and freckled
face his employer said, “ Where are the
fish?”— New York Herald.
Cats have no fixed political belief.
They ar; usually on the fence.
FARMf, GARDEN AN J HOUSEHOLD,
lltilor Drills for Cam 1
The question as to which is the most
profitable, the planting of corn in drills
or in hills, is still considerably dis
cussed, and we noticed hist season a
number of fields drilled that produced
well. Apparently there was much
saved by the drilling system, as it only
requires that the land should be marked
out one way, and the corn dropped
along the furrow and covered by the
plow. There is undoubtedly good
economy of time by this plan, and, if
the plants are properly thinned, much
more corn to the acre results than when
planted in hills in the usual way. Three
or four stalks in one hill necessitates a
strong struggle tor food. These four
plants do not do so well, thus struggling
together in hills every four feet apart,
as when each plant is but one loot
from each other in a regular line.
There are as many plants to the acre in
one case as in the other; but each one
being isolated, yields more than when
four are together in one hill.
If this were all, there would be no
question about the value of this sys
tem; but we have looked into both
methods carefully, and have noted that
the drill system, though taking less
labor at first to plant, takes more labor
to keep clean. In the hill culture it is
necessary to have considerable hand
labor to keep the weeds out of the hills
until the corn gets large enough to take
care of itself; but the drill system gives
us three or four times the number ol
hills to look after. Indeed every stalk
is a hill. Thus the manual labor is
nearly quadrupled.
After all said about the profits of
farming, it is not so much the crops
which are produced, or the prices the
produce brings, which makes our profits.
Labor—human labor—is the great draw
back in all questions as to what we can
make from our land; and, as a general
thing, those systems prove, in tb. long
run, and most profitable, which pro
duce the best crops by the least amount
of hand labor. In this mooted question
of drilling or hilling cord, there is no
doubt but an acre of the former will
yield more than an acre of the latter;
but it costs more hand labor than the
other, and therefore does not pay as
well. We have seen it carefully tested,
and know whereof we speak. When
hand labor can be had lor twenty or
thirty cents a day, we may have another
opinion. —Germantown Telegraph.
Soot tor the tiarden.
Those who have soot, either of wood
or bituminous coal, should, says the
Prairie Gardener , careiully save it for
use in the garden. It is valuable lor
the ammonia it contains, and also for
its power of reabsorbing ammonia. It
is simply charcoal (carbon) in an ex
tremely divided state, but from the
creosote it contains, is useful in de
stroying insects, and is at the same
time valuable as a fertilizer for all gar
den crops. It must not be mixed with
lime, else its ammonia would be dissi
pated, but if the soil is dry and hungry
a little salt may be used with it. Soot
steeped in water and allowed to stand
and settle for a day or two is also a
most excellent fertilizer for house
plants, possessing precisely the same
qualities that the parings of horses’
hools do. For flowers out of doors it
is especially valuable, since it may be
easily applied, and tends to increase the
vividness of the bloom, and mixed with
salt it is a most excellent fertilizer for
asparagus, onions, cabbage, etc., in
connection with compost, in the pro
portion of one quart of salt to six quarts
of soot. For two bushels of compost
this quantity makes a heavy dressing
for each square rod, to be worked tn
next the surface of the soil.
Kill Tour Sheep Young.
There are few animals kept on the
farm which, when in their prime,
pay as well as sheep, and there are very
few, if any others, upon whom old age
has such a damaging effect. As the
sheep is much shorter lived than any
other of our domestic animals, it is not
strange that many farmers attempt to
keep them too long. At ten years of age
the horse is just in his prime, and the cow
is as good as ever, with the prospect of
remaining so several years longer. But
the sheep is very old when it reaches
the age of ten, the natural limit of the
term of its life. After reaching this age
sheep are very likely to be injured by
the slight exposures which do younger
animals no harm. They are more liable
to be attacked by disease, and if they
live they will be likely to produce less
wool and smaller lamb3 than they have
done previously. We do not think it
pays, except perhaps in special instances,
to keep sheep after they are six years
old. —American Cultivator.
To Bleach Cloth.
S. M. B. sends the followin'? direc
tions which ?he has followed with suc
cess for twelve years without injuring
the fabric: Into eight quarts of warm
water put one pound of chloride of
lime; stir with a stick a few minutes,
then strain through a bag of course
muslin, working it with the hand to
dissolve thoroughly. Add to this five
bucketfuls of warm water, stir it well,
and put in the muslin. Let it remain
in one hour, turning it over occasionally
that every part may get thoroughly
bleached. When taken out, wash well
in two waters to remove the lime, rinse
and dry. This quantity will bleach
twenty-five yards vjf yard-wide muslin.
This muslin will bieach more evenly
and quickly if it has been thoroughly
wet and dried before bleaching.— Neoi
York Tribune.
PRICE-51.50 PER ANNUM
NUMBER 3.
The Rain.
How gently comet h down the rain!
Shut out from earth the day god sleeps,
And each lull cloud now sadly weeps
Its tribute on the spiinging grain.
Tears! tears horn nature’s dewy eyes,
Those rain-drops stem which fall to earth;
They call the fruits and flowers to birth,
And bid all perfumes sweet arise;
Quivering on every leaf, they seem
Like glittering pearl, or costly gem
Which flash in eastern diadem,
Or on the brow ol beauty gleam.
They come from heaven to cheer the thirsty
plaiu,
Hut soon on sunbeams they fly hack again.
—Luther G. Riy&s, in Kokomo Tribune.
ITEMS OF INTEREST.
There’s as macii craft on land as on
water.
The legion of honor was instituted by
Napoleon I. in 1802.
Earrings were worn by Jacob’s chil
dren in 1732 B. C.
The forests of the globe are estimated
to cover about one-fifth of the land sur
face.
Every time a wife scolds her husband
she adds anew wrinkle to her face.
This was discovered by Humboldt.
The water in Wolf river, so long de
tested by Memphians, has been officially
pronounced the “ third best water in tlie
United States.”
Nova Scotia advices are to the effect
that the emigration to the United States
this season is much greater than in
former years.
There is something higher than look
ing on all sides of a question. It is to
have the charity to believe that there is
another siue.
The packages of tomatoes put up last
year in the United States reached the
total of 16,968,000, of which New Jersey
put up 5,591,000 cans.
W. T. Blackwell & Cos., of North
Carolina, at a single transaction in Chi
cago, sold 1,000,000 pounds of smoking
tobacco for $500,000 cash.
A movement is now on foot to erect a
crematory in St. Louis, and it is more
than probable that within the next
twelve months it will be built.
This year’s general meeting of the
American Social Science association will
be held at Saratoga from the seventh to
the tenth of September inclusive.
A Cleveland man spent ten dollars
experimenting on an invention to enable
him to crawl under a circus tent with
out being caught. Tickets to the show,
fifty cents.
The site of Boone’s fort in Madison
county, Ky., is still pointed out, though
a farmer runs his plow through the
mounds that mark the place of the
chimneys.
A Berks county (Pa.) merchant has a
fancy for sparrows, and keeps a hun
dred pair of them suspended in cages
along his store. They keep up a deaf
ening din.
A London physician is said to have
found a remedy by which an attack of
gout may be cured in two days. The
first application removes all pain, the
second all traces of the disease.
A brick, the size of an ordinary cigar
box, made of the counterfeit nickels
collected in the street car cash boxes, is
one of the curiosities which adorns the
new street car office in Memphis.
Iron Mountain, Mo., is all that its
name implies, being seven-tenths pure
iron. It is neatly a mile long, half as
broad, and several hundred feet high.
It is being carried away at the rate of
850 tons a day.
Breathes there a man with soul so dead,
That when he on bananas tread,
Will once in ten times ever stand?
But rather, when his leet fly ou* -
And he comes down kerchunk hell nout,
“ This is m.y own, my native land!”
—Keokuk Gate City.
How to Become Rich*
You can probably be rich, my son, if
you will be. If you make up your mind
now that you will be a rich man, and
stick to it, there is very little doubt that
you will be very wealthy, tolerably
mean, loved a little, hated a great deal,
have a big funeral, be blessed by the
relatives to whom you leave the most,
reviled by those to whom you ieave
nothing. But you must pay for it my
son. Wealth is an expensive thing. It
costs all it is worth. If you want to be
worth a million dollars, it will cost
you just a million dollars to get it.
Broken friendships, intellectual starva
tion, loss ot social enjoyment, depriva
tion of generous impulses, the smother
ing of manly aspirations, a limited
wardrobe and a scanty table a lonely
home, because you fear a lovely wife
and beautiful home would be expensive
a hatred of the heathen, a dread of the
contribution box, a haunting fear of the
Woman’s Aid society, a fearful dislike
of poor people because they won’t keep
their misery out of your sight, a little
sham benevolence that is worse that
none; oh, you can be rich, young man,
if you are willing to pay the price. Any
man can get rich who doesn’t think it
too expensive. True, you may be rich
and be a man among men, noble and
Christian and grand and true, serving
God and blessing humanity, but that
will be in spite of your wealth, and not
as a result of it. It will be because you
always were that kind of a man. But if
you want to be rich merely to be rich, if
that is the breadth and height of your
ambition, you can be rich if you will
pay the price. And when you are rich,
son, call around at this office and pay
for this advice. We will let the interest
compound from this date.— Burlington
Hawkeye.