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T. Df.WMIF K. I V VRINGTON....T. GILBERT.
THUS. GILBERT A CO.,
r'tlillVoprietors.
——
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Tuesday August 2, 185 9.
Mr. David I*. King, formerly of Arba
coochey, Ala., died at Santa Clara, Cali
fornia, on the 17th of June.
+
The Baptist State Convention of South
Carolina convenes its session at Sumter,
S. C., to-day.
♦- -
The dwelling of Mr. John Guedron, in
Harrisburg, near Augusta, was destroy
ed by fire on the morning of the ‘27th in
stant.
—
The Raleigh Standard understands the
Central American Missiou has been ten
dered to Hon. J>. M. llarringer, of North
Carolina, and declined.
Seven cases of sun stroke occurred in
Memphis, Tenn., on Thursday last, and
one on Friday, two of which terminated
fatally.
+
The Athens (Tenn.) Post pays that no
rain has fallen in that immediate vicinity
for three weeks or more, and that the dry,
hot weather is beginning to tell very
seriously upon the cornfields.
♦
The 15th of August is the birth-day of
Napoleon 1., and is oberved as a holi
day in France. The truce between Aus
tria and the Allies in the recent con
test in Daly terminates on that day.
♦
The Mobile Tribune says Mr. John
Smith, of Barre, Miss., one of the most
extensive manufacturers and wealthiest
citizens, committed suicide on the ISth
instant, by hanging himself in Iris own
bouse. No cause is assigned for the
deed.
♦
A mass meeting of the Sons and friends
of Temperance is appointed to come off
at Atlanta on the 15th of September.
Rev. J. E. Ryerson and other distin
guished temperance orators are to be
present and address the meeting. So
says the Crusader.
♦
The Raleigh Standard states that the
Trustees of the University of North Car
olina, at their recent meeting, decided
to tender the Professorship of History in
that institution to tlie Rev. Francis L.
Hawks, of New York. The Standard be
lieves he will accept.
r -
At a . meeting of the Directors of the
Savannah, Albany and Gulf Rail Road,
in Savannah on Tuesday, Captain John
Screven was elected President of the
road, to supply the vacancy caused by
the death of Dr. James P. Screven.
Southern Planters’ Convention.
The Grand .1 unction (Tenn) Quid Nunc
says: The Great Planters’ Convention of
the Southern States, for the promotion
of Southern Agriculture, will convene at
Nashville, Tenn., on the 10th of October
next—the time of holding our State Fair.
_.
The Alta California, speaking of the
way the Fourth was celebrated, says:
Never before in San Francisco, has the
day been so generally and so patriotically
celebrated; there was no quarrelling,
no confusion, no drunkenness upon the
streets, all was conducted with becoming
dignity and order, of which we may just
ly he proud.
The Democratic Congressional Conven
tion in the Augusta District, met in Au
gusta on Tuesday, and nominated John
.1. Jones, of Burke county, as a candidate
for Congress, to take the place of lion.
A. H. Stephens. The Constitutionalist
says Mr. Jones was the Democratic can
didate for Congress in that district, in
18')•'!, and sustained the canvass with
great credit to his party and himself.
Fatal AUr ay In Huntsville, Ala.
An altercation occurred on Wednesday
last, 20th inst., in Huntsville, Ala., be
tween two journeymen carpenters named
John Whitworth and Samuel Davis, in
which the former was killed by a blow
over (lie head from a stick of wood in the
hands of the latter. No grounds for
commitment wero found against Davis,
and the Court discharged him.
- ♦
If any one doubts our capacity to
“keep cool” under the present arrange
ments, — with our own fan in our left baud
and the devil at our right with his fan,
why, all we have to say’ is, they’ are as
green as a gourd. Fan Devil.— Col. Sun.
We trust our friends proximity to the
devil may always be as cool and agreea
ble ns at present. — Augusta Dispatch.
Certain and sure Mr. Dispatch. Our
Devil is one of the right stamp, not of
that burning sort you are used to in Au
gusta, and by our own and his efforts we
expect to keep as cool as a “cowcumber”
with these fans, and when irritated, to be
enabled by this process to take to the ir
ritating parties “like a feather.”
♦
Miss Bowden, aged 12 or 11 years, was
thrown front a buggy in Marshall county,
Tenn., last week, and killed. She was the
daughter of the widow Bowden of that
county.
The Wetumpka (Ala.) Spectator states
that Mr. A. S. Fiquet was brutally mur
dered at Nixburg in that county, last Sat
urday, by a roan named Carter. Carter
has been arrested.
l\m. Newson, of Nashville. Tenn.,
while on his way to visit his relatives in
Mississippi, was thrown from the train of
the Mississippi and Tennessee Bail Koad,
last Wednesday, ami so seriously injured
that he died in a few minutes.
The Democratic State Convention of
California, have nominated Hon. Milton
S. Latham for Governor. The vote stood,
lor Latham 133, Weller 104, and for Nu
gent 2V*. Mr. L. was in 1848-9 and 1850,
a resident of Russell county, Ala.
The following items are from the
Waynesboro’ News, published in Burke
county, Georgia:
A gentleman has left at our office a
head ot corn, containing eleven well de
veloped ears on one stem.
It is agreed that the crops of our coun
ty are good. It is dry at this time, and
a continuance of this weather mav injure
them.
There are 4,000,000 scholars and 150-
000 teachers in tl%e public schools of
the l nited States. There is one scholar
for every live persons. In Great Britain,
there is oae scholar to every eight per
sons. Iu France, one to every ten.
The election for city officers is begin
ning to be agitated. Two candidates for
the Mayoralty are already announced.
A. J. Noble and Walter Coleman, Esq.
Are there any more entries for the race?
Trot out the steeds..— Mont. Adr.
VOLUME IH-.
Kansas Constitutional Convention,
The Kansas Constitutional Convention
is now in session at Wyandotte, and is
slowly progressing with its labors. A
Bill of Rights has been reported, but not
yet definitely acted upon. It contains
twenty-three sections. R “ eis “i*h
the declaration that all political power is
inherent in the people; prohibits slavery
in tire State; proclaims religious tolera
tion : defends the soundness of the writ
of habeas corpus ; protects the freedom of
legislative debate, forbids the transpor
tation fit.m the Btatc of any party for
any offence committed within the .State
limits: prohibits imprisonment for debt;
insures the naturalized citizens the full
privileges accorded to natives; anu de
clares that no citizen of the State shall be
held to appear before the Supreme Court
of the United States an an appeal from
the supreme court of the te, but that
when appeals are taken on questions of
inter-State law. they shall only be
through or froui the district courts ot the
United States.
The negro question occupies a large
share of the convention's attention, nnd
comes up iu a variety of forms. The sec
ond article of the report of the Commit
tee on Education, required that the legis
lature should establish a uniform system
of education by means of common schools
and the higher grades, “which schools
shall be open for the admission of pupils
of both sexes.’’ When the matter was
brought up, Mr. McDowell.(Hem.) moved
to add the words “except negroes and
mulattoes.” This was the occasion of a
most exciting debite, between the Demo
crats and Republicans, of which we pre
sent a few gems, illustrating the spirit of
both parties:
Mr. Stinson, (Dern.) of Leavenworth,
said : We are supporters of popular sov
ereignty ; we of Leavenworth come here
from a people who have declared that
they were opposed to negro residence,
suffrage or education in our midst, and
we intend to obey the will of our con
stituents.
Mr. Kingman (Rep.) said:
If gentlemen were afraid of the con
tamination of colored children, why not
do as he did—educate their children at
home? He would not send his children
to a school, either with those of the gen
tleman from Leavenworth or the gen
tlemen from Africa. This section, as it
stood, he felt willing to vote for. Brown
county was not especially a negt'o loving
section, and he himselt, were a family of
colored children to come into his neigh
borhood, would desire their separate ed
ucation, and endeavor to provide means
for that purpose. He would not do this
because of any prejudice, for lie should
consider himself unfit to sit in this con
vention did he frighten himself by the
shadows of the one hundred negroes who
might be in Kansas.”
Mr. Slough, (Democrat.) —His children
should not associate with those of an in
ferior race, nor would he put his hands
in his pocket to pay for their education.
He was willing that the colored people,
if they paid taxes, should have their pro
portion of school funds, and he would go
further, and allow the entire control of
it to themselves.
Mr. McDowell, (Dem.) of Leavenworth,
wanted to keep the negroes entirely out
of Kansas—utterly prohibit their resi
dence here and amalgamation with us.
The African race was an inferior race,
and he wanted to keep them out of Kan
sas for the benefit of the white man, the
Anglo-Saxon race. This was also a meas
ure of protection. We were living on the
borders of a slave State—one, too, which
was gradually emancipating her slaves.
Hold out the premium for the residence
of these free negroes, which the fanati
cal Republican party desire to do, and
we should be overrun.
Mr. Thatcher, (ltep.,)of Lawrence,
made a very exciting speech, and closed
in a blaze cf oratorical fire, thus:
Here we take our stand, our organic
law shall not have written on its pages
these tyrannical differences of taste and
color. Shall Kansas, which has come
through such an alembic of crime and
oppression, whose garments, as she en
ters the Union, are red dyed with the
blood of freedom-loving citizens shall
she mark upon her constitution this iu
famy ? make its every line reekiug and
redolent with the blackest marks of deg
radation and darkness? No! never!
never!
Deatli of Hon. M. A. Browder.
We regret to announce the sad intelli
gence of the death of this gentleman,
which occurred at his residence near
Glennville, on the 25th instant. Major
Browder was a man of fine practical
sense, and great force of character, li*
all the relations of life, public and pri
vate, he was deservedly esteemed, and
his death has left a vacuum that cannot
soon be filled, for he was emphatically a
public benefactor.
For two successive sessions he repre
-1 sented Barbour county in the llepresen
; tative branch of the State Legislature,
i and though many differed with him in
his views of State policy, his course was
characterized always by fearless indepen
dence, aud an honest zeal for what he
conceived to be the true interests of his
constituents. At the time of his decease
he was a candidate for re-election, with a
flattering prospect of success, but death
summoned him from the conflicts of this
world to “that undiscovered country from
whose bourne n > traveler returns.” Beace
to his memory.
Tlie Kansas Disturbances.
The Kansas correspondent of the Bos
ton Traveler, writing from Wyandott,
July 10, says that for some time past a
Commission, authorized by the legisla
ture, one of whom was appointed by the
House of Representatives, one by the
Council, and one by the Governor, con
sisting of Hon. Henry J. Adams, Samuel
C. A. Kingman, and Edward Iloagland,
have been investigating the claims for
damages incurred during the disturbances
of 1555-C. The following is a summary
es the result, which is to be reported to
the Constitutional Convention:
“The total amount of the claims filed
before the B ards amount to the sum of
$1,250,900 66. The amount awarded is
about $500,000. The remainder of the
claims were either fraudulent, or present
ed by citizens of Missouri. The total
number of cases is between 400 and 500;
of these the free state men have 335;
pro slavery 60. The value of crops de
stroyed, $39,052 GO. Horses stolen, 340.
Cattle 406 head. Fifty-three houses and
saw-mills were burned. The largest
amount awarded is to Col. Eldridge, pro
prietor of the Free State, who receives
$40,000. The smallest was to a person
who claimed over $2,000, and was award
ed $9. _
Havre Cotton Market.
Havre, July 11. —The sales of cotton
for two days past were 12,000 bales, and
the market advanced one to two pence.
Orleans Bat quoted at 105 to 1051
francs.
♦-
The New York Board of Health have
1 declared the ports of Havana, Cardenas,
and Matanza9 to be infected by yellow
fever.
I HE WEEKLY SEN,
The Free Negro Problem.
The Philadelphia North Americau, a
leading Rlack Republican paper, candid
ly admits that free society is a failure,
and discusses with seriousness the ques
tion of arriving at a satisfactory solution
of the problem of the final destiny of the
negro. Making due allowance for the
influence engendered in the breast of the
white race, and the partial legislation na
turally resulting from the relative social
status of the negro, it still finds a loss in
attempting to explain the general degra
dation that characterizes the negro in a
state of freedom.
In the free States he has the advanta
ges of liberal laws, the exercise and ex
pansion of his faculties are unrestricted,
and the way to the accumulation of wealth
and the comforts of life are as free to
him as to the white man. True, in some
localities, municipal regulations may
modify the relative social” and political
condition of the negro, but generally, his
liberty is so enlarged that Ills capacity
for competing witli his superior,—the
white man—is thoroughly Rested. The
American thinks that the difficulties
might be removed by transplanting them
as colonists to their native Africa. But
eveu there experience has preceded him,
and proclaims his utter incapacity for
self-government. The Republic of Libe
ria is but a melancholy illustration of tbe
blindness of fanaticism, and affords the
negro a gradual transition from civiliza
tion to the listlessness of his native bar
barism.
In slave States, his contact with slaves
would be incompatible with their condi
tion, cursing them with his idle and vi
cious habits. In the erection of new free
States, their immigration thither is pro
hibited by the provisions of the organic
law ; because he sinks in the effort of
competing with the white population,
and is utterly unfit to constitute an ele
ment in a thrifty and enterprising com
munity. Where lies the difficulty ? It
is, as the American truly says, in the
constitution of the negro himself. It is
congenital, and stamped upon his nature
by the ordaining hand of God. Iligber
lawism may defy and run roughshod
over the laws of the country, but nature’s
law r s have placed an insurmountable ob
stacle in its path. So far it may go, and
no father.
Iu the expressive language of the New
York Herald upon the same subject:—
“The efforts of the humanitarians have
failed to improve their condition by the
abolition of domestic slavery, and have
demonstrated the fact that something
more than the removal of political and
social disabilities is necessary to improve
the condition of the negro.” It is need
less here to expatiate upon the effect of
slavery upon the present and future con
dition of slaves, and their lamentable con
dition in free society. If freedom does
not suit him, slavery must be his natural
and normal condition.
This is as apparent to the Black Re
publican as to the slaveholder. After a
caudid but reluctant confession of the
negro’s inaptitude for freedom, why do
hisj)suedo philanthropists prate so much
of the benefits of liberty and the “curse
of slavery?” It is because agitation is a
necessary element in the success of the
Black Republican party, and its selfish
leaders hold the leading strings. Remove
them and the sober sense of the masses
will soon recover the sway.
The Coolie trade, and the Appren
tice system, though spurious forms of
slavery, attest the necessity which sooner
or later will compel England and France
to re-establish it in their colonies. The
United States are a manufacturing as
well as a producing people. England can
only manufacture the staple we produce,
and return it in different forms. Cut off
the supply of the great cotton staple af
forded by the Southern States frem her
looms and manufactories and she would
shrink from the fearful consequences.
Her supply of cotton from India and oth
er sources is too capricious, uncertain
aud limited to be relied on. Her only
reliable resource is from the Southern
States, and the great instrument of its
supply is the slave labor of the South.
Exeter Hall philanthropists and Northern
“freedom shriekers” may prate loudly of
the “evils of slavery,” and the emanci
pation of the African, but the productions
of the South in or out of the Union, and
her valuable system of slavery constitute
a power that can bind over the nations of
the world to keep the peace.
Hatlier Cutting;.
Some few years before Daniel Web
ster’s death, tlie same raft of scurilous
editors who now occasionally disgrace
themselves by maligning his memory,
because they could not bend him to their
sectional and narrow purposes, were in
the habit of personally attacking him in
their columns, in connection with his
private affairs, aud especaially made a
point of the alleged non-payment of his
debts. After a good deal of provocation
of this kind, Mr. Webster yielded, in one
instance, to the very natural impulse of
administering a deserved though morti
fying rebuke to his assailant. Address
ing him a letter, among other things Mr.
Webster remarked as follows: “It is true
that 1 have not always paid my debts
punctually, and that I owe mijney. One
cause of this is, that I have not pressed
those who owe me for payment. As an
instance of this, 1 enclose your father's
note, made, to me thirty years ago, for mo
ney lent him to educate his boys.”
A Remedy for Sea Sickness—Darby’s
Prophylactic Fluid—Read tlie fol
lowing Testimony from Professor
Dudley.
Steamship Columbia, June 30, ’59.
Prof. Darby :—A few hours after leav
ing Charleston, I felt the symptoms of
Sea Sickness. On taking a few drops of
the Prophylactic Fluid, in a half tumbler
of water, I found relief.
The next day feeliDg sick again, I was
happily relieved in the same manner, af
ter which I had no more sea-sickness.
Yours truly, PROF. DUDLEY.
N. B. This Fluid will quickly remove
all offensive odor from a stateroom. See
directions accompanying each bottle. For
sale by all Druggists. 50 cents a bottle.
Painful Accident.
We regret to learn that Mr. Thomas
Bottom, a steady and industrious young
man, employed at Slater’s machine shop,
met with a serious and painful accident
yesterday.* While attending to some
portion of the machinery, he was caught
in the fan wheel, by which his left arm
was broken in three places, and his body
severely bruised. We are pleased to
state, however, jhat his injuries, though
painful, are not considered dangerous;
and we hope that be will soon recover
the use of his limbs. —Augusta Const.
* (
We were shown a few days ago a hand
ful of cotton of this year’s growth, from
the plantation of Wm. H. Milton, Esq.
This is early even for this locality, but if
the weather favors, much will be opened
in the next week and picked for market.
Marianna (Fla.) Patriot of 23d.
COLUMBUS, GEORGIA, AUGUST 2, 1859.
The Convention-The South,
Mr. Clay, the editor of the Iluutsville
Democrat, recently addressed a letter to
the Hon. L. P. Walker, asking his opin
ion ob certain important subjects. We
subjoin one of the queries ami Mr.
Walker's reply :
“ What position should the Southern
Democracy assume iu the Charleston
Convention ?” “ I answer, first—We
should insist upon adopting a platform
before making the nominations. 2uJ—
This platform must embody the first of
the foregoing propositions, and should
embrace, in principle, the second, also
* —3rd—If the first of these propositions
—viz: protection of slavery in the terri
tories—is not adopted, the South should
withdraw from the Convention, and make
its own nominations, and enunciate a
platform of principles consistent with the
dignity of sovereign States and the great
right of self-protection. In adopting
this course, we must expect defections
from our own ranks. Old Saturn him
self never devoured his offspring with
more facility and apparent relish, than
do some men their opinions, and profes
sions, for the sake of the emoluments
and honors of office, forgetting that in af
ter life, the recollection of their treachery
will remain only like demons upon the
memory, to taunt them with the cost at
which they purchased them. But our
ranks will be re-inforced by the good
men aud true of what is now called the
“Opposition.” And I, for one, will hail
them as brother.?, whatever may have
been their antecedents. When the South
is beleaguered by enemies, at home as
well as abroad, let us remamber the
Christian precept, “Ephraim shall not
envy Judah, and Judah shall not vex
Ephraim.”
Mr. Walker’s position is the only cor
rect one. Protection to slavery in the
Territories is the only cardinal principle
of political faith in the South. Our pecu
liar institution is in danger of being cir
cumscribed within its present limits, and
Southern men should not suffer themselves
to be amused or their attention diverted
by the agitation of an impractical issue,
while the real permanent question is
smothered and suppressed.
The North is seeking what Mr. Toombs
in his lecture in Tremont Temple, Bos
ton, denominated a “gentie euthanasia”
of slavery. There is no better or more
insidious instrumentality to effect this
than Douglas’ much vaunted idea of Con
gressional non-intervention. The South
ern interpretation of this question is that
Congress shall legislate for the protection
of slavery in the Territories, and for its
protection only. Iler domestic institu
tions are incomparably more important
to the South, than the integrity of any
party purchased at the price of surren
dering this right, and the adoption of this
as a cardinal principle in its platform is
the only condition upon which the South
can honorably cooperate with any party
in the Charleston Convention. Should
the Democratic or any other party, and
particularly the Southern members of that
party, connive at its repudiation, it will
be the proximate cause of its dissolution
and utter overthrow.
Before going into a nomination at
Charleston, Southern delegates should
demand and insist upon the adoption of
protection to slavery in the Territories as
a condition precedent. Should the issue
be made—as we hope—and ignored, there
is but one alternative left, and that is to
withdraw from the Convention, and have
no complicity in the foisting upon the
South, Douglas or any nominee adopting
a platform embracing his principles.—
Property of all kinds needs protection.
The distiction between meuin and tiium,
cannot be enforced without law ; neither
can subordination among the slave popu
lation even here in the extreme South, be
maintained without it. The South does
not demand any peculiar or extraordina
ry regulations favoring slavery. She on
ly asks that property in. slaves be placed
upon an equal footing with all other pro
perty. It is conceded that Congress can
neither legislate slavery into, nor out of
a Territory, but when slaves are car
ried into organized Territories, Congress
should intervene if necessary for its pro
tection. Douglas’ interpretation of the
Kansas Bill is as hostile to slavery as the
Wilmot Proviso.
It is reported at. Washington that the
Mississippi Stato Convention have in
structed their delegates to the Charles
ton Convention to withdraw from that
body unless they succeed in engrafting
upon the platform the repeal of all the
laws against the African Slave Trade,
and the enactment by Congress of laws
for the protection of slave property in
the United States Territories. The South
Carolina delegation will follow them.—
The next movement in the programme is
to cal! a Convention, if it is not already
called, of disaffected Southern States, to
meet on the 10th of November, to declare
the dissolution of the Union, and to in
duce as many States as will cooperate to
withdraw from it.—W. Y. Tribune.
As to re-opening the Slave Trade, that
we regard, in this juncture, as an imprac
tical issue. The enactment by Congress
of laws for protecting slave property in
the Territories is the paramount ques
tion, —one that must be met and decided.
So far as the moral sanction of the thing
and its wholesome effects upon the slave
are concerned, there is no difference in
buying a negro from Africa and buying
one from Virginia ; but it behooves us first
to secure protection to the slave proper
ty we already have iu the States, or that
may be carried into the Territories. This
being consummated, the discussion of tbe
African Slave Trade question will be
properly in order. The Southern States
represented in the Charleston Convention
should, v ith undivided front, present an
ultimatum, and that should be the guar
antee of protection by Congress to slave
ry carried into the Territories. If not ac
cepted, they should withdraw.
The Mobile Mercury, speaking of the
Mobile and Ohio Railroad, says:
A friend from the road informs us that
track-laying is progressing finely above
West Point, the Monroe county lise be
ing now passed, and that not will Okalo
na be reached in god time, but the de
termination is to reach Verona by the
Ist of November. Verona is beyond that
frightful net work of creeks which turns
so much of the cotton of Itawamba coun
ty to Memphis. By the speedy completion
of the road beyond Old Town Creek, that
trade will be effectually tapped.
Taleut.
Men-may have the gifts both of talent
and of wit. but unless they have also
prudence and judgment to dictate the
when, the where, and the how those gifts
are to exerted, the possessors of them
will be doomed to conquer only where
nothing is to be gained, but to be defeat
ed where everything is to be lost; they
will be outdone by men of less brilliant,
but more convertible qualifications, and
whose strength, in one point, is not coun
terbalanced by any disproportion in an
other.
Columbus.—>Her Future.
NUMBER ONE.
The future of our city, commercially
considered, is certainly a question of par
amount consideration to every citizen,
whether rich or poor. When we look
around, we seethe most strenuous efforts
are making by rival cities and towns to
divert thelarger portion of the trade which
we now get from us. The Railroad now
fast approaching completion from Macon,
Ga. to Eufaula, Ala., will cut oft'from us
several valuable counties which have
heretofore dealt liberally with us, while
the projected road from Montgomery to
Eufaula will strip us of another large
slice of country in Alabama. Lagrange
is doing her utmost to get a road through
Troupe and Harris to our city, which
road, if built, will never benefit us one
dollar; but on (he contrary, will turn
cotton south of the Pine Mountain to
wards Augusta. The past season we re
ceived over 100,000 bales of cotton, and
we will receive perhaps a like amount for
the next two years ; but who does not
see that Eufaula will soon stand a suc
cessful rival for a large portion of the
trade of Alabama and Georgia which now
comes to us? Soon she will have in addi
tion to the river, a railroad connection to
Savannah, and with good money facili
ties, what is to hinder her from becom
ing as good a cotton mart as Columbus?
Montgomery is not going to sit idly by
and see us divert her trade from Pike
and other lower counties of her State,
neither will she yield to us the trade of
North Alabama without a struggle. West
Point, though by some considered as not
in our way, still possesses an amount of
vitality which is able, properly wielded,
to inflict severe injury upon our commer
cial interest, Macon is reaching out
her hands to South-western Georgia, and
between her and Albany we will loose
vastly. ZENO.
NUMBER TWO.
What now is the true policy of Colum
bus? Has she any other commercial re
sources by which she can maintain her
present position, or advance to any high
er standard amongst her rivals ? We
think she has, and those resources are
such as no other city or town surround
ing us, possesses to so great a degree.
We allude to her manufacturing resour
ces. We have a water power, which
seems to have been arranged by an over
ruling Providence expressly for this emer
gency. This water power i3 capable, if
judiciously arranged, to operate a large
number of cotton and other mills, which
shall change the staple of our sunny
South into fabrics, for wear and other
useful purposes. The country for years
has been well nigh demented on rail
roads. These serve their purposes, and
in all cases redound in greatest good to
the sea port towns. Citizens tax them
selves heavily to construct these high
ways of travel and transportation. All
this is very proper, but whether it is
prudence to continue this expenditure to
build new roads with the hope of getting
increased trade, is another and very dif
ferent question, and not so easily answer
ed satisfactorily. Our opinion is that,
surrounded as our fair city is, by such
rival interest in rail roads, all contending
for the cotton trade, she should for the
present let rail road project and
turn her capital into manufacturing, and
establish the foundation of a trade, which
will in the course of a few years, amply
make up for the loss of cotton receipts. It
is an established fact, that purchasers al
ways hunt up that market wherein to
purchase, which affords the largest as
sortment from which to select. And why
may not Columbus become that place ?
The God of nature has placed at our dis
posal more than ordinary facilities, and
it is only required at our hands to im
prove them. ZENO.
NUMBER THREE.
Mauy men object to invest their means
in manufacturing enterprises, occasioned
doubtless, from previous failures of other
companies. No one, however, will for a
moment question the proposition whether
the investment will pay good interest.—
What then is the difficulty ? simply that
there have been mismanagements, com
panies have‘been formed with a capital
barely sufficient to build and put in run
ning order the necessary machinery. It
is expected to pay its way at once, and to
do this, its goods are thrown into north
ern markets, where they are sold to meet
advances. Such a course as this always
proves ruinous to any business. The
proper plan is to raise a cash capital suf
ficient to work a mill until it. shall have
secured a trade that will make it self-sus
taining. The owners of the mill should
become the holders of its goods, and not
northern speculators, and in a few years
it will begin to return them profits. No
rail road ever yet constructed, supported
itself at first, and why should a cotton
mill? Like a child, it must be assisted
until it becomes able to take steps of it
self.
We contend that by manufacturing our
city can fully and amply sustain her pres
ent proud position among her sister cities
of the State. She can become in a few
years the great supply point of the arti
cles which we now travel to Massachu
setts and other nor!hern States for. It
only requires men of means, who are
willing to take the same risks they do in
rail road enterprises, to take hold of the
matter. So far in our history of manu
facturing, our present mills have had to
struggle almost single handed to live.
They have fought the battle manfully and
are now begining to reap the reward of
their labors. ZENO.
NUMBER FOUR.
One serious obstacle to the establish
ment of manufactories in our city, has
been the exorbitant price asked for wa
: ter lots. This, in a great measure is a
sound objection, and one which the wa
ter lot company, in justice to our future
prosperity as a city, should promptly re
move. I grant that the construction of
the dam aad canal have cost very large
ly, but they should, as good citizens, be
satisfied with a reasonable interest on
their outlay. But this objection can be
easily obviated. All along the Chattahoo
chee, from this city to West Point,—a
distance of thirty miles, are the most
eligible sites to be found in any country,
with an abundance of the finest granite
for building purposes. Three miles north
of the city there are goodlocations for one
hundred mills, with an abundance of
water power, seemingly prepared by the
God of Nature for this very necessity.
These sites can be purchased for a song
iu comparison to their value, and stiil be
sufficiently near the city. On the site
where the Columbus Factory stands
there is already constructed a canal, with
openings for several mills, and we have
no hesitation in saying for the owners
of this property, that any company de
sirous to erect a manufacturing estab
lishment, can be supplied with water
power aud a lot at very low rates. In
the city our Canal is arranged for 18
mills, with facilities for extending it a
distance sufficient for 35 or 40 mills, in
a very short time; and which will be
done should the demand arise for its
extension.
The Cotton crops of Georgia and Ala
bama amount to about one million bales,
,tnd a respecta’ le quantity of first class
wool: all of which should of right be
manufactured in the borders of slave
States, so that if there is a profit aris
ing from its manufacture, onr enemies
would bo deprived of it. It has always
appeared a strange course of reasoning to
me, that the Northern or foreign manu
facturer can buy our staple and return it
to our doors at a cheaper rate than we
can afford it at. While it may be, and
is true, that Northern labor in some ca
ses is cheaper, it does not seem to us
there is a difference sufficient to cover
freight, insurance and other attendant
expenses'. Ilete the raw material can be
placed in the manufacture!'"? hands di
rectly from the planter’s team, without
even the expense incurred of paying
a commission for buying, or having it
weighed ; and so far as labor is concern
ed, we apprehend there is not an ave
rage of three dollars per month to the
hand greater. The taxes are, or should
be light, that persons desirous to
invest, may be induced, by all applian
ces, to enter in. A
ness aud facility for obtaining material,
the great scope of country to bo supplied,
and to become our customers, we say
with confidence, Columbus should be by
far the greatest manufacturing mart of
the South for cotton and woolen fabrics.
ZENO.
We will venture the assertion that no
city south or west of Lowell, Mass., pos
sesses advantages superior to Columbus
for a great centre of manufactured goods.
On the east we can claim to Virginia and
Maryland,—west to Texas and Missouri,
—to say nothin tof the vast area of new
country yet to come under the wings of
the American Eagle,—south to the Atlan
tic and the Gulf, —north to Kentucky.
All this vast area of country can be as
easily induced to buy their supplies in
our city as in Massachusetts. All that is
necessary is, to erect the market for
them, manufacture the goods, and let
them know they are here in abundance,
and they will giadiy avail themselves of
our city as a market in preference to
abolition Massachusetts. This is the
way to establish and carry out successful
ly the great doctrine of Southern rights,
| which is so much spoken of. It is South
ern independence, and when we thus be
come independent, we will obtain our
rights under the Constitution without the
aid of infiamitory speeches in Congress or
on the stump. Any city to prosper and
grow in wealth and population, must
have local enterprises. Railroads, though
useful, are not, strictly speaking, of this
nature, as they generally empty their
treasures into the laps of seaports. Such
is the history of the roads which we have
aided. The Muscogee road, although a
great benefit to us, and we may say the
: savior of the city, is still inuring more to
the benefit of Savannah than our city.—
| The reason is obvious. The same has
been the result with other roads leading
i to Charleston, S. C., and the same will
| be the result in the roads leading to Mo
| bile, Ala. Every foot of road we build
is of greater benefit to Savannah than to
ourselves ; while we receive a proportion
able benefit Savannah receives double,
and not a dollar invested. If now we
turn our attention to building and put
! ting in operation Cottom Mills, we cre
j ate a local cause of increased trade. We
I make Columbus a common centre for
trade in manufactured goods,—we raise
a supply, and just as naturally as water
| flows down hill, the demand will follow,
and that demand will be just in propor
tion to the supply. This state of things
cannot be brought about in a day or a
year. Men must be found willing to
] embark in tbe enterprise and wait for
; the return half as long as they have wait
i ed for dividends from the Muscogee and
Mobile and Girard Railroad, —yea one
third as long. It is idle to say we can.
I not divert trade from the North. It can
j be done more easily than the trade of
] North Alabama can be diverted from
; Montgomery. , ZENO.
Extensive Arrival of Blacks from
Canada, en route for the South.
“On Thursday morning,” says the
Cleveland (Ohio) Democrat, “ the packet
Union arrived from Port Stanley, Canada,
with sixteen fugitive slaves, who had es
caped from the South at various peiiods
within the last two years, and who had
been living at the negro settlement of
Chatam, Canada West. Becoming weary
of Canadian freedom—which to many
blacks embraces the exalted liberty of
being. inadequately clothed, and near
ly starved to death—they were about
to return to the South, preferring plan
tation life to the responsibilities attend
ant on a state of existence for which cir
cumstances have rendered them peculiar
ly disqualified. One family, consisting
of a colored man, his mother, wife, and
three children, who escaped from Near
Paris, Kentucky, about one year ago, af
ter the experience aft’orded by a hard
Canadian winter, began to sigh for their
‘old Kentucky home,’ and a short time
ago they wrote to their master, informing
him of their desire to return, and re
questing him to meet them at Cleveland.
When they arrived on the old packet,
their master was there to meet them, and
they expressed their gratification at the
meeting iu a manner which denoted a
sincere regard for him. ‘Old Aunty’—a
venerable negress, whose black and shin
ing face stood out in strange contrast
with her hair, white as the driven snow
—took occasion to ’spress her mind’ in ve
gard to Canada. ‘L>oy kin all talk about
dar freedom over dar,’ (pointing with a
canebrake finger across the blue water
in the direction marked by the ‘Union’s’
wake,) ‘ but I'd a heep leveyer stay with
we dem down iu Old Kentuck.’ The en
tire party took the train for Cincinnati,
happy in the thought that they were go
ing home.”
Statistics of Decatur County.
The following statistical facts may be
interesting to our readers. We are in
debted to Mr. 11. B. Overstreet, the cen
sus taker, for them :
Total population, 11,264 —Whites, 5,-
740 ; Slaves, 5,415.
White Males 2,851 Sunday Schools 0
White Females 2.528 Academies 5
Idiots 5 Common Schools 15
Deaf and dumb 1 Cotton and Wool Fac . 2
Lunatics 2 Steam Saw and G. M.. 5
Free negroes 2 Dry Goods Stores 16
Lawyers 14 Drug Stores 3
Physicians 24 Family Groceries 3
Military Companies 1 Retail Drink’g Shops.lo
Dentists.! 1 Hotels 2
Tailors 2 Temperance Societies 1
Dagherrean artists.. 1 Ladiea Charitable So. 1
Churches 35 Masonic Lodges 2
Public Journal pr’d 2
Rev. J. E. Edwards.
We learn that this able and eloquent
divine has been requested by Bishop
Pierce to take charge of the Methodist
interests in San Francisco, where, (it is
believed, his eminent talents, piety and
eloquence will be attended with the best
possible results in the promotion of the
interests of the denomina ion of which he
is so distinguished a member. We learn
that Mr. Edwards has not yet made up
his mind to accept the position, though
the opportunity is of too flattering a
’ character to suppose that he will do oth
erwise than most seriously consider it.—
i Petersburg Intelligencer.
Mr. Childs and three of bis children,
living in the western part of Griffin. Ga.,
were struck by lightning on Monday last,
25th inst. One of the little girls having
a railroad spike in her hand at the time,
’ was more seriously injured than the rest.
She is, however, rcovering.
Buchanan no Candidate.
The Bedford (Pa.) Gazette, in an edi
torial in its issue on Thursday morning,
declares, as if by authority, that Mr.
Buchanan would not be a candidate for a
re-nomination. 67189
[NUMBER iti.
Farther bjr lire North Briton.
The London Times says that Frauce
has spent fifty million pounds sterling,
and sacraticed fifty thousand men, only
to give Milan a Piedmontese instead of
an Austrian master; and that she further
establishes the Pope in his temporal dig
nity, even beyond his imagination. It
concludes with the opinion that. Napo
leon's game must be a losing one
The News says that Italy lias been de
ceived iu her hopes, by this peace. His
tory, it adds, will call Napoleon to a
strict account for having entered the war
with false pretences: nr.d with having
signed a mock and st ilish peace, which
leaves Austria impregnably fortified iu
the heart of northern Italy, while the
central portion is committed to the patron
age of the Pope.
The Morning Post says that the Pope
is deprived of the substance, Imt retains
the shadow of his supremacy.
It was rumored in Berlin that she Em
peror of Russia would soon arrive, to at
tend a family conference, touching the
disposal of the Prussian crown after the
abdication of the King.
The announcement of pence was read
in both Houses of Parliament ; and was
received with loud and prolonged cheers.
♦ —■
Information Wanted.
Some eight weeks ago, Mr. Clement
Sellier left Tallahassee for New York, in
tending to pass through and spend a day
in Savannah. lie was seen in Albany
by a former citizen of this place, but
nothing has been heard from him since.
His family here are anxious for informa
tion, and will be greatly obliged to any
one who may be able to give intelligence
of his whereabouts. He is a man in mid
dle life, about 5 feet 10 or 11 inches high;
blue eyes; wears whiskers; a French
man by birth, with considerable foreign
accent, and by trade a painter. lie is
unfortunately addicted to “spreeing.”—
He started to visit a brother in N. York,
who has since died. Should this notice
meet his eye he is requested to communi
cate at once with his family. By the
death of his brother he succeeds to a
snug little estate, unless sharpers in New
Y'ork swindle him out of it by*setting up
and establishing a pretended will, sup
posed to have bean gotten up for the oc
casion. — Floridian.
Wheat Croji of America.
The wheat crop of this country, just
harvested, is set down at two hundred
and one million of bushels, or about for
ty millions of barrels, or one and three
fifths of a barrel of flour for every one of
the twenty-five millions of individuals in
this country. This would not seem to be
a great deal more than our owu wants
would require, and it would not be if we
had not the other cereals, aud particu
larly the great crop of Indian corn’ to help
out the supply Ohio is given a produc
tion of 20,000,000 bushels; Pennsylva
nia 25,000,000 ; New York 20,000,000 ;
Illinois 20,00,000. The New England
States have decreased in their production
oj wheat, but the West has increased four
to one. The amount of land under wheat
cultivation this year is thirty-three per
cent, greater than in 1855. We frequent
ly hear of a production of thirty-one
bushels to the acre, but the actual pro
duction per acre does net averags two
thirds of that amount.
—— —-
From the Rome (N. Y.) Sentinel, July 10.
Newspapers not Prepaid.
Thellornellsville Tribune says the Post
master of that village has received the
following reply to enquiries made by him
of the Postmaster General, which is as
follows :
“UesT Office lU'pabtbext, )
Appointment Otlice, July s,lße‘J. j
‘•Sir: In reply to yours of the second
instant, I inform you that if transient
newspapers happen to be mailed to you
without having the postage on them pre
paid, you are entitled to receive them
from the office of delivery on paying such
amount of postage upon them as ought to
have been paid before they were mailed.
“Respectfully, &c.,
“lloratio King,
“First Assistant Postmaster General.”
It appears that the present post office
law requires that all transient newspapers
passing through the mail should be pre
paid, but it. sometimes occurs that such
papers pass through unpaid until they
reach their destination, the rate of charge
on which is simply expressed in the above
letter.
Tlic Progress of the Press.
Within less than one hundred years
ago, the establishment of a third printing
press in the United States was regarded
by many of Dr. Franklin’s friends as a
hazardous enterprise. Since then, such
has been the multiplication of newspa
pers in this country, that seven hundred
and fifty mills are now employed to fur
nish printing paper; these mills are op
rated b} T 2,000 engines. The annual pro
duct of these mills reaches the enormous
quantity of 270,000,000 pounds of paper,
from which was realized the pretty little
sum of $27,000,000. A pound* of paper
requires a pound and a quarter of rags.
340,000,000 pounds of old rags were
therefore consumed last year in the man
ufacture of paper.
A Palace.
An exchange says Col. J. A. 8. Aeklen,
of Ala., is about erecting a private resi
deuce at his plantation opposite Red Riv
er landing, which is designed to cost
$150,000 —and $125,000 more for the
furniture and furnishing. The following
is the plan of this immense edifice. The
style of the edifice is castellated Gothic,
with a frontage on the liver of 104 feet,
on the two side wings of 104 feet and a
centre compartment of 220 feet deep sur
mounted by a lofty and beautifully pro
portioned tower. The building will con
tain 50 rooms, exclusive of closets, bath
rooms, wardrobes, etc., spacious and
amply provided with‘all tlie modern im
provements in comfort and elegance. All
the walls of the building are to be double,
with the passages inside.
A Young Z.ady on n Drill.
While drilling recruits, a Liverpool
sergeant discovered among tiie awkward
squad a pretty girl disguised in male at
tire. She blushed and excited the ser
geant’s suspicion, who found, upon ques
tioning her, that she was endeavoring
in this manner to reach a near and and
dear relative in the rank and file of Eng
land's defenders Twenty-five shillings
and some petticoats were given her, and
she wa3 sent, an unhappy maiden, back
to her home in Dublin, to be corrected by
her parents.
. *■
A Cargo of Africans.
A gentleman of this city received a
letter from Jacksonville on Monday last,
post marked 16th instant, on the back of
which was endorsed, “a cargo of 600 Af
ricans has been landed on the Florida
const near Smyrna.”
If this intelligence beftrne, it is to be
hoped that the parties guilty of such a
bigh-lianded violation of the law of the
land may be arrested and dealt with to
the fullest extent. —Tallahassee Floridian.
An American on the Field of Ma
genta.
Hod. John G. Thurston writes to the
! Clinton Courant in regard to his visit to
the field of Magenta, ns follows:
“The dead were buried in different
paits of the field, as Tuany'as five or six
hundred in one grave, and, as you may
: imagine, the stench was overpowering.
We saw twenty-six hundred of the woun
ded in the hospital in this city, and a sad
sight it was, I assure you—some with
one arm or leg shot off', others with both
legs and the head mutilated. Their
only consolation was that they were most
kindlv cared for.”
* --
An African Wild Animal.
Gaboon Rivf.r, April 21, 1850.
Having ticca for the last four years
hunting in the immense wilds of Central
Western Africa, and having bad many
times the opportunity of hunting after
that most formidable animal, the Troglo
dytes Gorilla, or African Ngina, Ngila or
Ngia, and having met with many and
killed r> % tow, I have tried to study, to the
best of my ability, its habits, modes of
living, and other peculiarities. And
without pride l may count myself the
first white man who has set?n alive, met
and killed this wild animal; and I have
sent oft lately the Largest and best pre
served specimen in Europe or America.
More than two years ago, I sent perfect
specimens of adult gorilla females to
Philadelphia; and six months ago, I seat
the same academy the specimen of the
largest gorilla ever seen. No bigger ono
can be possibly found or killed: its size
was a great object of wonder to the na
tives. This animal belongs, in soinc de
gree, to the ourang-outung chimpanzee
family, but is tar more formidable than
any ot them. Below is the measurement
of two sent to Philadelphia: One male
measured from the extremity of one arm
to the other, seven feet and four inches;
his height was almost six feet and a half,
anti the circumference of his big toe five
inches and a half. The other measuied
from the extremity of one arm to the
other nine feet and lour inches; his
height was almost seven feet anil a half,
aud tiie circumference of his toe six in
ches and a half. You may judge t>v
these measurements of tlie immense cixe
of these animals. The jawsuf the ngina
are immensely powerful, especially iu
the male, the head of which is also de
fended by a crest, rising gradually from
the forehead up. This peculiarity makes
it quite different front the skull of a man
Tlie hair is short, and of a reddish
brown color; tiie hair of the body in the
females is black. 1 have killed one of
which the lower part of the back was of
reddish brown also. Among the males
the hair is shorter, grayish and thin in
the middle of the back : many have long
black hair on the arms ; the face, hands
and feet are intensely black; the eyes
are grey. The muscular power of their
arms ami the size of their fingers indicate
a prodigious force. 1 have seen a tree
three or four inches in diameter broken
by them. Their arms are much longer
iu proportion than their legs, but the
bones of the latter are much stronger atui
thicker; and the capacity of the chest
show also the immense power of the ani
mal. The skeleton of man is very deli
cate and slim in comparison. The in
tensely exaggerated features of the face,
its large and deep eyeballs, gives to the
animal, especially the male, an expression
of savage ferocity seen, I think, in no
other animal. From the immense canine
teeth by which the jaws of the male are
defended, one would naturally suppose
that the force of theanimallay principal
ly in its jaws, and that its principal
means of defence was there. But this is
a mistake; the prodigious strength of
the monster lies more in his hands and
feet, which lie uses indiscriminately. One
of my hunters, who wounded a male,
paid for his temerity with his life; the
animal seized him witii one hand, took
hold of his abdomen, aud tore the flesh
an<Tintestines with tho other, and with
Ilia teeth stripped (he right arm of all the
flesh. I have succeeded in getting, at
different times, five young gorillas, cap
tured after the killing of tho mother. 1
observed that when they wanted to bite
me, they used to take hold of me first
with their feet. I have never been able
to tame any of them, or to accustom them
to eat anything but wild nuts and berries
of tiie forest. Iu this particular, the go
rillaisquiteunlike the chimpanzee, which
is easily tamed.
Though one would naturally suppose,
from the canine tcetli of the ngina, that
lie sometimes lives on meat, 1 must say
that I have never yet discovered, in the
stomach of any specimen, anything else
than vegetable matter, such as nuts, wild
berries and fruits aud leaves.
Although skeletons of this animal may
have been taken to Europe or A.mcrica, I
have seen but very incorrect and exagge
rated accounts concerning it. Tlie too
confiding ship captains or others have
been too apt to take for granted the sto
ries related to them by the natives of the
coast concerning tins really wonderful
animal, which is to them an object of
great terror.. Jn their superstitious fears,
the natives ofvthe interior say that bad
men aro changed sometimes into nginas.
The one who killed my hunter was said to
be angina that had been a man first, and
no gun could kill him. —Correspondence A'.
Y. Tribune.
Remarkable Fountain in Florida.
A traveler iu Florida thus describes a
spring in that State :
Taking a narrow path weerossed through
some dense underwood, and al! at once,
stood on the banks of the Wakulla Spring.
There was a basin of water one hundred
yards in diameter, almost circular. The
thick bushes were almost growing to tlie
water’s edge, and bowing their heads un
der the unrippled surface. We stepped
into a skiff and pushed off. .Some im
mense fishes attracted my attention, and
I seized a spgar to strike them. The
boatman laughed, and asked me how far
beneath the surface I supposed they
were. I answered about four feet. He
assured me that they were at least twenty
feet from me ; and it was so. The water
is of the most wonderful transparency,
Dropping an ordinary pin in the water- -
forty feet deep—we saw its head with
perfect distinctness as it lay on the bot
tom. As we approached tlie centre I no
ticed a jagged, grayish limestone rock
beneath us, pierced with holes; one
seemed to look into unfathomable depths.
The boat moved slowly on, and we hung
trembling over tlie the edge on tlie sun
ken cliff', and far below it lay a dark
yawning, unfathomable abyss. From its
gorge comes forth with immense velocity
a living river. Pushing on just bej'end
its mouth I dropped a ten cent piece into
the water, which is there one hundred
and ninety feet in depth, and I clearly
saw it shining on tiie bottom. This seems
incredible. I think the water possesses a
magnifying power, for I am confident
that the piece could not be seen so dis
tinctly from a tower one hundred and
ninety feet high. We rowed towards tlie
north side,*and suddenly we perceived in
the water fisli, which were darting hither
and thither, and long, flexible roots, luxu
riant grass on the bottom, all arrayed
iu the most beautiful prismatic hues.—
The gentle swell occasioned by the boat
gave to the whole an undulating motion.
Deathlike stillness reigned around, and a
more fairy scene I never beheld.
•So great is the quantity ot water here
poured forth that it forms a liver of it
self large enough to float fiat boats with
cotton. The planner who lives here thus
transported his cotton to St, Marks.-
Near tiie fountain we saw some of the
remains of a mastodon which had beeu
taken from it. The triangular bone below
the knee measured six inches on each
side.
Tiie Full OHicial Vole.
The Secretary of the Commonwealth,
Col. Munford, lias now made up, with
full* reliability, as to its being officially
correct, the vote for Governor of Virginia
at the last election. The official report
gives Letcher 77,229; Goggin 71,427; —
total majority for Mr. Letcher, 5,802.
A question, however, says the Enuui
rer, may arise about the vote of Ports
mouth, which was not returned in con
formity with the law, by being included
with that of the county. If,,therefore,
the Legislature should reject the vote
cast in Portsmouth, from the fact of non
conforming with the rules, it will increase
Mr. Letcher’s majority to 5,943.
la a Fix.
lady ami gentleman in the vicinity of
New Haven chancing to be bathing au nat
ural, but unseen by each other, being sep
arated by a ledge of rocks, a mischievous
boy exchanged one pile of clothing for
the other. Their perplexity and embar
rassment on emerging from the water may
be better imagined than described. But, ,
seeing no other alternative, the lady
donned the male, and the gentleman the
female apparel, hoops and ‘ ‘every
ami made their way to their homes in that
guise.