Newspaper Page Text
Mowing. Peas should be sided;-
f'-oaon should receive close siren-*
ttra&ittiswtftt:
saved and housed. There is no time
rfdrtni working days fair beat
from the first to the thirtieth of June.
Bteady, continuous iahor is the pice
ot full gin houses, and corn cribs,
2i££ a * ft “ 0 '" **“»**•
CORN.
If the previous work has been
well done, there will* be no necessity
now for deepploughiog. A twenty
two inch tween with toe right wing
elevated end the left wing hall ele
vated, plowing ahbut bue*half inch
in depth, will throw softearth to the
mots of the plants, cover up ell the
grass and weeds, ieavfe a smooth,
mellow and clean surface, and allow
tbe boe-hands to give all their atten
dee to tbe cotton. We have found
U of advantage to the corn crop and
e considerable addition to our store
of peas, to sow peas broad-cast—
twelve or thirteen quarts to tbe acre
—and cover them with this last
plowing of the corn. They shade
the ground from the hot suns of July
and August, and yield an abundant
crop of peas.
Cotton.
To kill every blade of grass, and
•very weed and to keep the soil soft
and mellow, are the objects to be ob
tained in the cultivation of cotton.
Plow shallow and close, and let the
hoes do what the plows have failed
to perform, care .being taken not to
wound or bruise the plants. Every
three weeks until the beginning of
August in ordinary seasons, the
plows and hoes should go over the
cotton, the hoes following the plows
at an interval of, say, eight or ten
days, thus keeping the crop con
stantly clean, and giving the soil the
benefit of frequent stirring. A
twenty-two inch sweep, almost flat,
and sharp as a razor, and a Scovil
hoe, are the instruments to do the
work, with a trustworthy, careful
citixen ol Africa between the handles
of the one, and holding the handle
of the other, whose object it shall be
to see, not bow many acres he can
run over, but how many he can cul«
tivale thoroughly.
WHEAT.
Those who are fortunate enough
to have wheat to cut should prepare
to cut it now. That portion which
is intended for flour should be cut
before it is thoroughly ripe, and that
intended for seed should be allowed
to mature completely—become dead
ripe. A day or two yf fine weather
will cure it sufficiently to make it
ready to thresh, and the sooner this
is done the better. The reaping
machines are far better, piore expe
ditious, and are more profitable than
the old fashioned cradle. Those
who cannot afford to buy one of
these machines or whose wheat
patch is not sufficiently extensive to
warrant the outlay, should club to
gether for the purchase of one.—
These machines are really worthy of
the name of “labor saving,” and
then their use stimulates us to pre
pare our fields more carefully, tore
move slumps and rocks, tuid fill up
ditches and gullies. We give the
same advice with reference to
threshing machines. Those
thresh clean, expel the stfow, and
pour the cleaned grain into sacks at
one operation, are, in our judgment,
the best. After the wheat has been
threshed and cleaned, it should be
thoroughly sunned, by exposure to
tbe beat of the sun for several days,
and when perfectly put awa£
during the heal of the day in bins or
bemw previously washed with good
whitewash of quick lime, the grain?
will be protected from the weevil.
o*»
We rejoice truly to see that the oat
crop this year is a large and valuable
one. Let due attention be given to
saving it. Except that portion
which is to be threshed or used for
seed, the oat crop should be cut be
fore the grain begins to harden,
bound op in sheaves, not too large,
allowed to cute thoroughly in
the sun-before it is put in stacks or
Stowdd away in bulk in the barn.—
If oats are once wet or allowed to
heat, they are very hard to cure,
therefore it is necessary io tie them
in small bundles, and put them up
is small shocks so that they can be
come thoroughly dry before they
are stacked or boused. We deci
dedly recommend that they be hous
ed, not sleeked, wherever this can be
done, aad where it can not be done
Dow, let measures be taken to pro
vide shelter for the oat crop of next
year. Who ever saw an oat-stack,
even tbe most skillfully built, in
which a portion of tbe oats was not
found to be rotton and wasted from
exposure to the weather, and who
has not frequently seen oat-stacks
which Were found to be entirely val
ueless when opened for use f
gjßßarSan
roßAoa cron.
MVO
fitly T^ftfTUTfuA^i-1
jj .r'-i w vw-v ••
M&Dfmiuiiit and artificial curaii*
Vet found bens'
6VU* WTATORS
may still be planted, and while your
•‘dm*aV, bttLcfctwafcd ydeHve a
spare comer of rich land unoccupied,
continue to plant even a# late a*the
middle of the month. We have
mum Sum potatoes from drewa set
out as late as tbe end of June.
if4 i(t i
- preparations now for a big
UK nip crop, . After you have set
apart the patch you intend to devote
totumfbs—and'we hope that it drill
be “right • smart of a patch” this
yegr-»let it be bvpfcen add
subsoiled, and finely pulverized by
continual piowingi from this time
until tbe tatter end of duly. Land
for turnips cannot be too fine or too
mellow, neither can it be too rich.—
If it be not sufficiently rich in itself,
use liberally the best ammonia
led girperpbosphaioyou can buy—
-500 or 000 pounds per acre will not
be too much. Ruta Bagas in July
and the common turnips from Jaly
to the end of September. But,
above all things, let the land be
thoroughly prepared, “mellow as an
ash bank, and fine as powder!.
So. Farm and Home.
The Bottom of the Ocean.
In 1853, Lieutenant Brooke ob»
tained mud from the bottom of the
North Atlantic, between Newfound
land and the Azores, at a depth of
more than 10,000 feet, or two miles,
by tha help of his sounding appara
tus. The specimens were sent for
examination to Ebrenberg, of Ber
lin, and to Baily, of West Point, and
those able microacopists found that
this deep sea mud was almost en
tirely composed of the skeletons ol
living organism—the greater propor
tions of these beings just like the
Globigerin®, already known to oc
cur in the chalk.
Thus far the work had been car
ried on simply in the interests of
science, but Lieutenant Brooke’s
method of sounding acquired a
high commercial value when the en
terprise of laying down the tele
graphic cable between Great Britain
and the United States was underta
ken. For it became a matter of
immense importance to know, not
only the depth of the sea over the
whole line along which the djfiei
was to be laid, but the exact nature
of the bottom, so as to guard against
chances of cutting or fraying the
strands of that costly rope. The
Admirably consequently ordered
Captriiii Dayman, an old friend and
shipmate of mine, to ascertain the
depth of the whole line of the cable,
and to bring back specimens of ihe
bottom. In former days such a com
mand as this might have sounded
very much like one of the impossi
ble things whicluhe young prince in
the Fairy Tales is ordered to do be
fore he can obtain the hand of tbe
princess. However, in the montes of
June and July, 1857, my friend per
formed the task assigned to him
with great precision, without so far
as 1 know, having met with any
reward of that kind. The speci
mens of Atlantic njud which he pro
cured were sdht 16 me lobe examin
ed and reported upon.
The resqlt of these operations is
that we know the contour and na
ture of the surface-soil covered by
the North Atlantic for a distance of
1,700 miles from east to west, as well
as we all know that of any part of
the dry land. -
It is a prodigious plain, one of tbe
widest and 'most even plains in the
world. It the sea were drained off
you might drive a Wagon all tbe way
from Valentia, on the west coast of
Ireland, to Trinity Bay, in New
foundland. And,except upon one
sharp incline, abodt 200 miles from
Valentia, 1 am not quite sure that it
would even be necessary to put the
skid on. sb gtmffe Bra the ascents
and descents upon that long route.
From Valentia the road would lie
down hill for about 200 miles to the
point at which the bottom is now
covered* by I*7oo fathoms of- sea
water. Then would come the cen
tral plain, more than 1,000 miles
wide, the inequalities of the surface
of which would be hardly percepti
ble, though the depth of the water
upon it varies from 10,000 15,000
feet; and there are places in which
Mont Blanc might be sunk without
showing its peak above water. Be
yond this, the ascent on the Ameri
can side commences, and gradually
leads, for about 300 miles to tbe
Newfoundland shore. Almost the
whole of the bottom of this central
plain (which extends for many hun
dred miles in a north and south di
rection) is covered by a fine mud,
which, whan brought to the surface,
dried into a grayish-white fria
ble substance. You can write with
this on a blackboard, if you are so
inclined, and to the eve it is quite
like very soft, grayish chalk. Ex
amined chemically, it proved c* be
composed almost entirely of carbon
ate of line; and if you make a sec -
tion of it in the same way as that
peidtopsJtone has been more sucecss-
Affer being soaked some time, the'
SMUgo was rescued and sold to form
ers, and most of it sown. The fol
lowiag harvest the wheat crop; in
England was generally damaged by
smut except that obtained from the
wheat which had been soaked in
the salt water. This marked differ
ence was sufficient to justify the ex
peximeat again, and its success has
kept it in practice ever since-
The following came under our ob
servation. Two farmers procured a
fine sample of wheat for seed and
divided it equally between them.—
The one soaked his wheat in brine,
the other having no faith in it neg
lected to do so. The former had
not a smutty ear in his whole crop,
while the yield ot the latter was al
dOOst worthless on account of it.—
Other causes may have existed to
produce this difference but none
that were apparent, and from the re
markable difference in the two re
take we are led to believe that it
was effected by the means employed
m the one case. It has been fully
ascertained that this preventive will
not avail when the seed is affected
with smut, unless the season is very
favorable, which alone will prevent
smut.
When crops have been damaged
by smut, an excellent expedient is
to select seed from a different soil,
having it well cleansed. Experi
ence tells us that selecting seed
wheat from different localities is ben
eficial in many respects. It is best
to bring it from a strong clay soil,
no matter on what kind of soil it is
to be sown. A change from red
clay to a white clay works well, so
•Iso from a while to a red clay.—
Changing seed from sandy soil to
clay has not been successful, and it
is an old saying that this is no
change at all.
The Comanche Indians are dis
gusted with the employment of
colored troops on. the frontier, they
are so bard to scalp.
Cheap Smoke House.
A farmer in Western New York
gives the following as his plan for a
cheap smoke-house: No farmer
should be without a good smoke
house, and such a one as will be
fire-proof and tolerably secure from
thieves. Fifty hams can be
smoked at one time in a
smoke-house seven by eight feet
square. Mine is six by seven, and
is large enough for most farmers. ]
first dug all the ground out below
where the frost would not reach, and
filled it up to the surface with small
stones. On this I laid my brick
floor, in lime mortar. The walls
are brick, eight inches thick, and
•even feet high, with a door on one
side two feet wide. The door
should be made of wood aad lined
with sheet iron. For the top l put
oil joists, two by four, set up edge
wise, and eight and a half inches
from centre to centre, covered with
brick, and put on a heavy coat ol
mortar. I built a small chimney on
top in the centre, arching it over
and covering it with a single roof in
the usual way. An arch should be
built on the outside, with a small
iron door to shut it up, similar to a
stove door, with a hole from the arch
through the wall of the smoke-house,
and an iron grate over it. The arch
is more convenient and better to put
the fire in than to build a fire inside
the smoke-house, and the chimney
causes a draft througli into the
smoke-house. Good corncobs or
hickory wood are the best materials
to make a smoke tor hams. The
cost of such a smoke-house as I de
scribe is about S2O.
Cleansing Blankets.
“Good morning, Mrs. C., you
will never guess what called me out
to see you this morning.”
Pray what coqld it have been ?”
replied Mrs. D.
“Your white blankets fluttering
out heie on the clothes line. ‘Mere
ly this and nothing more.’ I have
to wash mine this week, and I want
to ask you if you have any specific
forjmaking them so snowy white ?”
“My plan is to put them in soak
over night in a tub of water, first
dissolving two table-spoonfuls of bo
rax and about a pint of soft soap in
the water. Have you ever tried bo
rax for cleansing flannels?”
“Never: I have heard it recom
mended, but always had a fear that
it would eat tbe clothes or yellow
them, or do mischief in some way.”
“I have used it for years past,
and found it perfectly harmless
But to return to the blankets. Last
night’s soaking seemed to remove
nearly all of the dirt, so that I had
no very hard rubbing to do this
morning. After I had drained them
from the suds, I rinsed them thor
oughly in two waters and hung them
up to dry# 1 never wring blankets
—think them
more tfeW Ony thing eiee.”
• ( BAit keel «|«£| nikkinaJDalAr
A/U Jvir uvui lUC I Ut/Utttg -FatCl f
or use iteoW' - • -
“Jest warm enough to maWPit
com fen able fbi the ’feahdr. But let
me add, ii is not only for wdolten
goods that borax is useful. It is
much to be preferred to soda, for
whitening cottons, linens- and laces.
One table-spoonfuliSf it in.powder
thrown in four or five gallons ot boil
ing water, will save half the ordina
ry allowance of soap,”
» W ».■ —
Preparation of Pood to Stock.
It has been long admitted that
chopping tbe food given to our horses,
mules and cattle, increases the
digestibility of the food, and makes
a smaller quantity, supply sufficient
nutriment. The steaming and sof
tening the chopped food by water
was a lurther improvement in the
preparation of Stock-food, both as to
its quality and in an economical
point of view, and now another and,
it is said, greater improvement has
been introduced, namely, the grind
ing or crushing fodder, bay and
straw, by which they are made
quite soft end succulent, more easy
of digestion, more nutritive, and
more palatable. The grinding is
done by ordinary millstones and is
very simple and inexpensive in its
operation.— So. Farm and Home.
New Material for Paper.
The cost of rags for the manufac
ture of paper has led to long contin
ued and costly attempts to si’b«ti
lute other articles, such as wood,
straw, bamboo, cornstalks, husks,
etc., but owing to the great expense
tor chemicals and life machinery
necessaiy for converting the materi
als into pulp, the cost of prper has
not, to any considerable extent, been
reduced.
it is now alleged that the okra
plant, which grows luxuriantly in
all parts of the United Slates, posses
ses all the reqisites for making every
description of paper, from the com
mon wrapping to the finest book or
bank note puper, either sized or non
sized, without the addition of any
other material whatever. It is
claimed that this has been practical
ly demonstrated, and the discoverer
has, within the past few months,
manufacured by the most simple
and economical process, in different
mills, a variety of samples of papers
which, although made under unfa
votable circumstances, possess all
the characteristics of paper made
from linen rags and manilla rope.
If this should turn out to be true, it
cannot fail to greatly affect the price
of paper, as the okra can be raised
cheaply and abundantty. We un
derstand that arrangements have
been made for commencing the man
ufacture of okra paper this season.
Interesting Facts.
A legal stone is.l4 pounds in Eng
land, and 16 pounds in Holland.—
A fathom, 6 feet, is derived from
the height of a fulfgrown man. A
hand, in horse-measure, is 4 inches.
An Trish mile 2,540 yards ; a Scotch
mile is 1,984 ; a German, I,BOG ; a
Turkish, 1,626. An acre is 4,846
squaie yards, 1 foot and 3J inches.
A square mile, 1,760 yards each
way, contains 640 acres. The hu
man body consists of 240 bones, 9
kinds of articulations or joinings,
100 cartilages or ligaments, 400
muscles or tendons, and 100 nerves,
besides blood, arteries, veins, etc.
Potatoes planted below three feel do
not vegetate; at one foot they grow
thickest, and at two feet they are re
tarded two or three months. There
are no solid rocks in the arctic re
gions, owing to the severe frosts.—
The surface of-the Sea is estinated
at 150,000,000 square miles, taking
the whole surface of the globe at
190,000,000 square miles. Its great
est depth is supposed to be equal to
the height of the highest mountains,
or four miles.
ASTBONOMICAL MOVEMENTS OF PLANTS.
M. Ch. Mussel has published a
paper endeavoring to show that cer
tain characters of the trunks of trees
are related to the movements of the
earth. The trunks of trees, he says,
are always flattened in the northerly
and southerly directions, and expand
ed in an east and west plane. He
slates that he could support his the
ory by several thousand examples,
and that his views are thoroughly in
accordance with astronomical laws.
Home Hade Super-phosphate of Lime.
A correspondent in the Country
Gentleman , writes: To make super
phosphate of lime, I take 500
pounds of bone and 175 of vitriol.—
My bones 1 take to a pine block and
cut them op small. (They don’t fly
so much when I use pine.) I put
them in a pile and let them heal and
dry. Then I take a large flagstone
and put a frame around it. Then
get a boulder with a flat bottom, fas
ten a ringto it, have a lope and pole,
and let them work like a well svt cep.
'I he frame around the flag keeps the
bones from flying Off when the stone
strikes them. I put my bones into
a large kettle with twelve pails of
water, and boil them six hours. 1
have a large box made of plank and
put my bones into it and then the
vitriol. I keep them well stirred.—
When they are hot, dry oft with dry
earth. I don’t dry with ashes—they
are not good to mix with phosphate.
I sell 2,000 bushels a year. A glass
company takes almost all my dried
ashes at my place, paying 25 cents a
bushel, rounding measure.
Fromcbemical«riad*ais«tappears.
4be,^ 9 <>f. .H* aipangus
when. ,d*kd,„Pftfeb*cU«i..*W»a«t,
make a iujl flavored liufe
inferior to Mocfia,containing ip com
mon with tea and. coffee, the prittci'
pie tailed taurine; «Dr y tboaophra
gus berries well, after being thor
oughly ripened, then rub them an a
sieve, thus the seeds are readily sep
arated. •> (I-)IIHKV. *3pd >■'
Stick to Om Thing.
There are' many fanners who do
not slick to one thing long enough to
make it pay, and consequently they
lose in everything. At one time
they conclude to devote themselves
to stock raising. Before they get
fairly under good headway in. this,
they change their minds and go
back to raising grain. Some again
make a speciality, for a time, of a
certain crop—wheht, convorlpi&a
toes, lor While th,ey gre
fallowing this speciality, the crops
muy be small and the price tow, and
they turn to another ju«t in time to
miss large crops and good prices in
what they have left.
The best farmers we have ob
served are those who first fipd out
what their soil is best adapted to
produce. They then turn their en
ergies in that direction qnd go
straight forward in that line. A
poor crop does not discourage them.
They keep on, and are sare to be
finally successful.
To illustrate our idea:—We once
knew a farmer who always made it
a point to latten from twenty-five to
thirty hogs every year. Let the
pr.ce of pork be high or low, he ev->
ery year bad his lot of hogs of about
the usual number. He took great
Elide in having the best in the neigh
orhood. Some years, perhaps, he
might have done better by sellingbis
corn instead of feeding it. Some
years, peiluips he might have done
better by turning his whole atten
tion to some other speciality in farm
ing. But we always notice this,
that, taking one year with another
for a long time, say ten years, he
made the hogs pay. He was a suc
cesslul farmer.
Another planter near by, every
year planted potatoes. Sometimes
his crop would fail, and sometimes
when he had a good crop the price
would be low. But he kept straight
forward—Every Spring he planted
potatoes. The result in that case
was the same as that in the other.
Taking one year with another for a
considerable number of years, he
made the potato crop pay. He, too,
was a successful farmer.
The farmer who would make his
business pay must have a policy,
and adhere to it.
Keep of Cows.—A correspond
ent of the Germantown Telegraph
wishes that he could make the truth
vivid to every keeper of cows, that
the care of them is something that
requires knowledge and painstaking
in detail. Cows must not be neg
lected or deprived of sufficient food.
Good shelters and abundance of food
they must have if we would make
them profitable. Evenness of local
temperature is a necessity. If the
weather is cold or wet without doors,
they should be made warm and dry
within the stable. If the sun shines
too hot, they should have the privi
lege of shade. When a cow be
comes uncomfortable, the flow of her
milk is restrained. A cow will re
turn to you in proportion as you con
fer care upon her.
ASHES FOE WHEAT.
Ashes as a fertilizer are almost
wholly neglected and allowed to go
to waste by our farmers. In many
instances indeed they seem to be
ignorant of their value, or if not
ignorant too careless to take the
necessary pains, to secure any of
them. During the winter, ashes can
be selected in large quantities, and
farmers should do this for the pur
f ose of sowing them on wheat soil,
n my experience with ashes, I have
found them of great value on differ
ent grains, but most valuable When
used on wheat. Ashes are an act
ive fertilizer on wheat, and even
five bushels per acre will push it for
word two days ahead of that upon
which none is applied. In some
seasons, when hot and sultry weath
er prevails about the time wheat is
ripening, a few days gained is worth
half a crop of grain.
The ashes strengthen the wheat
stem, giving it substance pod solidi
ty; and develope? the berry quicker
and better. Ashes arh also a pre
ventive against rust, and I have seen
the wheat upon which- - ashes were
sown free from rust while that upon
which none had bfton sown was
rusted close to the drilt row. Save
your ashes and try the experiment
next season. You will find it to pay
you well to collect all the ashes you
can get. Farmers can afford to pay
as high as twenty cents per bushel
for good unleached, hard wood ashes
for farm use, not only to put on
wheat but on corn, oats and clover
as well. I believe they are the.
cheapest manure that the farmer can
buy, as potash enters largely into all
the grain and grasses that are raised.
Twenty bushels can be sown to an
acre with the very best results.—
Leached ashes are also good though
a larger quantity should be used.
All around us large quantities both
of leached and unleached ashes go
to waste every year. These should
be returned to the soil.
• . "■ - j. k j 1"
KsOWDTG THE ADVANTAGE AFFORDED T«* PEOTLE ST A
Southern Branch Book and Music Depot,
<r« have accepted the management efs brass* of severalbuge an* Maiafattaring
If oases, by which arrangement we are enabled te (A
Berts, Music, Musical fatrweits, Slitioiery Ac., Ac
at New York price*. ... ~ ’
[ IN our Book Department we oferat laweal pahlUhera' rates.
LAW AND MEDICAL BOOKS,
SCHOOL BOOKS,
MISCELLANEOUS BOOKS.
THEOLOGICAL BOOKS
Music Books! Music Books!!
PIANO FORTE METHODS,
PIANO STUDIES,
PIANO MUSIO.
Primers, Dietioneriei end Theoretical works, Marital Literature, Orgaa lastraetion an
Marie.
HASP AND GUITAR,
VIOLIN INSTRUCTION BOOKS,
FLUTE INSTRUCTION BOOKS,
FLUTE AND VIOLIN MUSIO.
ACCORDEON, FLUTINA AND BANJO, FIFE,
DRUM, BUGLE AND BAND MUSIO.
VOCAL METHODS and Exercises for Adults and Juvenila Classes.
GLEE BOOKS AND PART SONGS,
VOCAL MUSIC, CHURCH MUSIC. ORATORIES.
SABBATH SCHOOL MUSIO At As., At
Under each of the above heads we hare a large and varied seieettsa. Allkiads of First
Class writing papers. Note, Cap and Letter Paper. Cards, Eaveiepes Bill-Head Papar, Legal
Blanks Ac., Ac.
As we have a Job Printing Office in connection with oar stars, weeaa tarnish printed Let
ter Heads, Bill Heads, printed Envelopes Cards Ac., Ae., at a small advance, en Arat cost.
Pianos, Organs, Melodaonsand any other Mealeal Tn.> tarnished at
Man ufa o turers’ tP rio •■ .
; Ltl l N io '• .
When a large organ or plane is sold, wo send a man to pot It ap, free es charge.
0
M i sc e 1 la n e o us,
GOLD AND STEEL PENS,
GOLD PEN AND PENCIL CASES.
ENGLISH, FRENCH AND AMEBIC AN WAITING PAPERS
CQPTWO BOOKS,
COPYING AND SEAL PBESSES,
ENGLISH AND AMERICAN COPYING,
WRITING AND INDELIBLE INKS,,
LETTER, NOTE AND WEDDING ENVELOPES,
PORT-FOLIOS, WRITING DESKS,
CHESS AND BACKGAMMON BOARDS AND HKN.
DOMINOES. CROQUETS,
PLATING AND VISITINoTB ARDS.
SEALING WAX,
HUIA RUBBER BANDS,
FEN KNIVES,
DRAWING AND TRACING PAPES,
MATHEMATICAL INSTRUMENTS,
SURVEYORS’ COMPASSES,
PORT MONIES, Ac., Ae.
Subscriptions received for any Periodical, American or Femtga, payable in all mass ia
advance.
Foreign Books imported at New York prices.
_ Books are being constantly ordered,anin single volame of the smeilaat valae may at msy
time be sent for.
Small phekagm sent by Express or mall at a vary slight cast
Parties unknown to ns mnst remit with their orders.
Packages sent by Express collect on delivery, when deeired.
All inquiries as to cost of any article, moot bo aooomparilod with a stamp tor fstnm latter
with price lists Ac.
Address all eommsnicstions-In t •••>. ,hw a* - .* « -,
R. A. HAKRI9ON A €O.,
epßrtßtda.
May 6,18*1, j *