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COlUiTON, NISBET & BARNES, ruhlishers and Proprietors. «.*• Xijt (Confeberate 3niou ablished ^ celdy, in MillcdgerUle, Ga., Garner °f H anc °ck and Wilkinson Sts (oppose Court House.) 53 a year in Advance. bates of advertisings. per square of twelve tines. rtion.il 00, and fifty cents for each subsequent :r-Ht the specification of the numberot '^e r ti 0 n8 will be published till forbid and charged in ii. l'^., v c es8 i 0 nal Cards, per year, where they Xno’t exceed Six Lise* - - - $10 00 I librral contract will be made with those who wish to Advertise by the year, occupying a specified space On 1 legal advertisements. Sales of Land and Negroes, by Administrators. Ex- t ,.7,t,„v or Uuaraians, are required by law to be held o , the tirst Tuesday in the mouth; between the hours of jj ; u tiielorenoon and three in the afternoon, at the Court iiouse in the county in which the property is sit- oa -d. y,u'e of these salee must be given in a public ga- 2e I; ■ )•) days previous to the day ofsale. y, ices forthe sale of personal property must begiv- t - ike manner 10 days previous to sale day. V.iticesto the debtors and creditorsof an estate must . be published 40 days. N'rice that application will be madetothe Courtof > ’ Unary for leave to sell Land or Negroes, must be jVished for two mouths. -tationn forlettersof Administration Guardianship, .v must be published 30 days—for dismission from Mministration, monthly six months—for dismission H um Guardianship, 40 days. * Rales for foreclosure o: Mortgage must be published m onthly for four months—for establishing lost papers, forthe full space of three months—for compelling titles from Executors or administrators, where bond lias bfen _'iven by tbe deceased, the full space of three months. s Publications will always be continued according to these, the legalrequiremeuts, unlessotherwise ordered ..tthe following RATES: Citations, on letters of administration, See. $2 75 “ “ (Lsmissory from Admr'n. 450 “ “ “ Guardianship. 3 00 .h’ftve to sell Land or Negroes . 4 00 Notice todebtors and creditors. 3 00 Sales "f personal property, ten days, 1 sqr. 1 50 Salcofland ornegroes by Executors, &e. pr sqr. 5 00 Estravs, two weeks 1 SO Per ainan advertising his wife(in advance,) 5 00 BOOK-BINDING THE Subscriber is now pre pared to do Boob~Bind- ing, in all its branches. OM Books rebound, &c. MUSIC bound in the best style. Blank Books manutactured to order. Prompt attention will be given to all work entiusted to me. S. J. KIDD. Hinder? in Southern Federal I'nion Office. Milledgeville, March 10th, 1861. 43 COURT CALLENDER FOR 1862. SUPERIOR COURTS. JANUARY. 2d Monday, Chatham. "Floyd FEBRUARY. 1st Monday, Clark t Lumpkin 3d Monday, Campbell Dawson 3d Monday, Forsyth Polk Glascock Merriwether Walton 4th Monday, Baldwin Jackson Monroe Paulding T aliaferro Walker MARCH. 1st Thursday. Pierce 1st Monday, Appling .* Chattooga . Cherokee Coweta Columbia Crawford Gwinnett Madison Marion Morgan 2d Monday, Butts Bartow Coffee F.lbert Fayett Greene Pickens Washington Webster 3J Monday. Cobbt Calhoun Hall Hart Heard Macon Newton • Talbot Tattnal Waie Thursday after W Lite Friday utter,Bulloch 4th Monday, Clinch Putnam Rabun Chattahoochee JULY. 1st Mondav. Floyd", AUGUST. 1st Monday Lumpkint |2d M tnday, Campbell Clark Dawson [3d Monday, Forsyth Polk * Glascock Merriwether Walton 1th Monday, Baldwin Jackson Monroe Paulding Taliaferro Walker i'Thusdny after. Pierce j SEPTEMBER, list Monday, Appling Chattooga Cherokee Columbia Coweta Crawford Madison Marion Morgan 2d Monday, Butts Bartow Coffee Elbert Fayette Greene Gwinnett Pickens W eshington Webster 3d Monday, Cobbt Calhoun Hall Hart Heard Macon Newton Talbot W'nre Bulloch Thursday after White th Monday, Clinch Putnam Chattahoochee Lee Twiggs Wilkes Johnson Milton Rubun [Thursday after Habersham Twiggs Wilkes Johnson 31ilto:i [Monday af-J Thursday after Habersham ter the" 4th > Echols Ith Thursday, Montgomery, Monday ) Monday nf- i (.- i ; OCTOBER, ter nil Mon-f nS 1st A 2d Mon.CairoH day. j Effingham i„ t Monday, Dociy APRIL. ^ ist & 2d Mon. Carroll 1st Monday, Dooly Franklin Emanuel Early Fulton Gordon Pike Taylor Warren Wilkinson Tlmrsd’yafter Banks 2d Monday, Hancock Richmond Harris Laurens Miller Sumter Tuesday after, McIntosh 3d Monday, Glynn Haralson Henry June** Liberty M array Oglethorpe Pulaski Stewart Monday Worth after ' •Bryan Ith Monday,Wayne Decatur DeKalb Houston Jasper Lincoln Schley VY* bitfield Wilcox , Friday after. Telfair Camden Tliutsday after, Irwin Monday “ Berrietf Charlton MAY 1st Monday. Clayton thriven Gilmer Randolph Upson 2d Monday, Catoosa Jefferson Chatham Fannin Mitchell Muscogee 3d Monday, Bibb Bnrke Qnittinan Spalding . Troup Union Baker Tharsday after Towns 4th Monday, Dade Terrell Last Monday, Colquitt JUNE. 1st Monday, Lowndes Dougherty 2d Monday, Brooks Clay •*d Monday, Thomas Emanuel Franklin Early Fulton Gilmer . Gordon Taylor Warren Wilkinson l’tke Thursday after Banks 2d Monday, Fannin Richmond Hancock Harris Laurens Miller • Sumter 3d Monday, Glynn Haralson Henry Jones Murray Oglethorpe Pulaski * Stewart i Union W»rth Thursday after Towns Thursday ) Montgomery I after * 4tli Monday, Wayne Decatur lb-Kalb Houston Jasper Lincoln Schley Tattnall Whitfield Wilcox Friday after, Telfair Camden Thursday after. Irwin Monday after Charlton ! NOVEMBER. 1st Monday, Berrien Scriven Clayton Kfiinglmm Randolph Upson 2d Monday, Catoosa Jefferson Mitchell M use ogee 3d Monday, Bibb Burke Quittman Spalding Troup Baker 4tb Monday, Dade Terrell Thursday after, Mclntoeh Monday “ Colquitt “ Liberty Mon. alter Liberty, Bryan DECEMBER. 1st Monday, Dougherty Lowndes 2d Monday,|Brooks Clay 3d Monday Thomas TBE CONFEDERATE UNION. VOLUME mill.] MILLEDGEVILLE, GEORGIA, TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 23, 1862. [NUMBER 18. COUNTING HOUSE CALENDAR, 1862. ©AYS, MONTHS. f| sT £ 5 o = ^ ^ rt £ O. S — C tfilin s • . ss jl! | ' S = 2 E if,? f II ' ' * ! • ; '< ” JAs’y l 2 3 4 Jolt. 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 f 7 8 910 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 15 14 15 16 17 4 p 20 2122 23 24 25 26 21 222324 26 27 28 29 30 31 27 2^ 29 30 31 Feb’t. 1 A GUST 2 3456.78 9 iOll 12 13 14 15 ' 3 4 5 6 7 16 17 18 19 20 2122 1(> 11 12 13 14 2324 25 26 2728 17 18 19 20 21 Mar. 1 1 Sept’r ,24 25 26 27 28 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 31 12 3 4 9 1011 12 13 14 15 7 8 9 10 11 16 17 18 19 20 2122 14 15 16 |7 18 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 21 22 23 24 25 30 31 Atril 12 3 4 5 Octob’r 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 13 14 15 16 17 18 )<J 5 6 7 8 9 20,212223 24 2526 12 13 14 15 16 2728 29 30 19 2021 22 23 Mat. 26 27 28 29 30 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 11 15 16 17 2 3 4 1 5 6 18 192021222324 9 10 11 12 13 25 26 27 28-29 30 31 16 17 16 19 ^0 4 5 11 12 18 19 1 2 8 9 5 6 several States as follows. North .Carolina Virginia Louisiana Alabama Georgia Florida Mississippi $1,400,000 00 2.125.000 00 2.500.000 00 2 000,000 00 434.126 12 made complete returns, this fund may be I presented a scene of destitution and suffer- set down at seven hundred millions. I ing that would have been truly heart rend- The War Tax has been paid by the ing. A prominent reason why cotton plant ing ot the present year should be taxed is that public sentiment should be respect ed and supported when based upon sound •4 ixo j P u kl' c policy. In all but arbitrary gov- 205 374 II ernments public sentiment is tbe control- 1,484,467 67 | ing power in tbe government—it makes —- 1 and unmakes laws and few laws are ever $10,168,90. 00 j en f orce ^ ; n contravention to it. There . . will soon be a disregard for public §enti- i The State of Georgia lias substantially ment jf ; ts d eman ds are not forced when paid in the balance due by her, and the corn ; n g j„ conflict with the individual From the Richmond Examiner, 12th. The Financial Condition «f the Confeder acy. We are enabled from papers before Congress to prepare a succinct and inter esting statement of the financial condition of the country, and to enlighten the public as to the amount of our public debt; its classes; the receipts at the Treasury up te 1st August; and the probable demands that will be made upon the resources of the South in view of the continuance of the war and the exigencies of the country arising therefrom. We distribute this in formation under appropriate heads. The Public Debt of the Confederacy. It is ascertained from official data, furn ished by the Treasury Department, that the whole expenditures of the Govern ment from its commencement to the 1st of August last, amount to $347,272,95S 85. It should be stated, however, that five . , 0 millions of the amount charged as expend- j pi, Arkansas and I exas, have not ye een and peopl itiirn Lqc -noLl fnr tiro rAflpmntinn of ' rcnoered in complete . I lie two former , be in State of South Carolina has paid the whole amount due by her into the Treasury, in the form of six per cent, call certificates. But as the final settlement has not yet rights of a few persons. If the war con tinues there must and will be another effort to arouse the people in regard to planting no cotton for tbe ensuing year. taken place, tbe certificates have not as , w jjj be just as necessary to plant all yet been delivered up, and (lie amount is : corn ano th er year as it was the present not yet closed. The returns from the | year. We may probably have made corn States of Alabama, Louisiana, Mississip- enough to supply the demand of the army e until tbe next crop. But it of war may he in the varying successes deposit certificates, and the aggregate j States have, nevertheless, piid their taxes , tbat our ij neg 0 f defence may be greatly 22 June. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 I3 K 15 16 17 IS 19 20 21 22 2324 25 26 27 28 29 30; Deceu. 2 3 4j 5 g 7 8 9 10 II 12 |3 14 15 16 17 18 19 90 21 22 23 24 25 26 •>? 28 29 30 31 i Counterfeit Confederate Treasury States. The notes mostly counterfeited are the 20’s, ijO’s and 10()’s, of the issue of Sept. 2, l^til—lithographed by Hoyer & Ludwig, Richmond. In all the genuine issues of these notes there is a shield in the upper left corner, the the right upper corner of which is above stated is subject to that abatement when considered in the light of actual ex penses. The expenditures up to the first of Au gust are as follows: $298,376,549 41 14.605,777 86 15,766,503 43 War Department, Navy Department, Civil and Miscellaneous, $328,748,830 70 To which must he added outstanding requisitions upon the Treasury, upon which warrants are not yet issued, to the amount of $18,524,128 15 ; making the aggregate, as stated above, $347,272,958 85. Classes of the Public Debt. An examination of our funded debt ac- placed in the centre between the let- ! coan } will show that a lamentably small I - _ . • . • -W } ,. m-1 ^» rt F rt /II f n vioto in fine portion of our public debt exists in this form. The whole amount of bonds and stock is as follows : Eight per cent stock and bonds Six “ call certificates $41,577,250 32,784,400 74,361,650 This statement indicates an evident in- ; disposition of our people to make invest ments in this form, and furnishes an expla nation of much of that disturbance of the standard of value and enhacement of pri- .ces in the country, which have been the consequencaof the large and disproportion ate issue of Treasury notes.. The issue already made of Treasury Notes amounts to $1S3,244,135 ; leaving authority- to issue $16,755,S65. Receipts at the Treasury. The receipts at the Treasury up to 1st August from all the various sources of in come are as follows: ter N in months directly over it. In the counterfeit the corner of the shield is placed directly under the right down stroke of the letter N. HUNDREDS. The Sailor in the lower left corner of the genuine note wears a black belt, with a buckle very distinct,—in the i counterfeit the belt is very light, and j the buckle scarcely to be seen. The face of the sailor in the genuine is fine and regular—in the counterfeit the mouth seems pinched up, and the eyes have a bleared or scratched look. The sailor in the left hamLend leans upon an anchor, diagonally across the vignette from left to right, in the gen uine, there is a hair live* very distinct, as if the stone from which the impres sion was taken had been broken or cracked. In the counterfeit there is no such blurr or hair line. In the centre vignette, right side, near the cotton press, is a mule—in the genuine it is very indistinctly executed, and the mule looks as if he were walking from vou, presenting only a tail view—in the counterfeit it is much plainer, and the mule presents’almost a broadside view. At the upper right corner of the genuine notes, the white* ground ap pears through the shading ot'tlie me dallion work; in the counterfeit tbe entire work is dark. FIFTIES. Several white spots appear just over the figures fifty, in the medallion work at the upper right corner of the gen- thority to issue only balance of Treasury uine notes; there are none in the conn- 1 Notes$16,755,165, leaving$27,961,897 to terfeit. The outside of this medallion he provided for by Congress in a further work in the counterfeit is covered by * extension of the general currency, unless in advance. The Yankee* driven from Williamsburg. Official information was received here yesterday of a brilliant exploit, performed by the cavalry of the Holconbe Legion, at Williamsburg, on Tuesday. On Tues day morning our cavalry, time hundred and fifty in number, attacked tbe lankee cavalry, six hundred strong, ic James city county, six miles this side of Williams burg. The Yankees fled on the first charge and were pursued into and through the town, and as far beyond as Fort 11a- gruder. At this latter place the enemy j tions, sees neighbor B, who*has planted a rallied, hut again fled before the charge of I ba )f 0 r two thirds of a crop of cotton, and our men, who pursued them several miles I sell it for 18 or 20 cents—thus realizing in the direction of Fortress Monroe. 'I he i greater protits than ordinarily—will grow enemy’s loss was thirty killed and one lmn-[ restive and conclude that he, too, can contracted, and as a matter oi course, our armies and loyal people driven within our lines, will have to subsist on a much smaller territory than at present. It will then he the imperative duty of every planter to make every acre of land teem with corn and the smaller cereals. But we verily believe that unless the pres ent crop of cotton is heavily taxed, it will be impossible to arouse public sentiment against planting cotton for the ensuing year. Neighbor A, who has the present year planted all corn and realized only a moderate profit from his farming opera- From Customs, “ Miscellaneous sources, “ Loan, act of Feb. 23th, 1661, “ Loan, act August 19th, 1861, “ ‘ call Deposits under act of December 24th, 1861, “ Treasury Notes, act March 9th, 1861. “ Treasury Notes, act May 16th, 1861, “ Treasury Notes, act Aug. 19th, 1861, “ Int. Treasury Notes, act April 17th, 1861, “ $1 A. 2 Notes, act “ Temporary Loan banks—balance, “ War Tax from $1,437,399 96 . 1,974,769 33 15,000,000 00 22,613,346 61 37,585,200 00 2.021,100 00 17,347,955 00 167,764,615 00 22,799,900 00 846.000 00U 2.625.000 00 10,539,910 70 $302,555,196 6o This statement of receipts is short of the whole amount of the expenditures of the Government by 844,717,762; on ac count of which the Government has au- this balance can be paid by bonds or oth erwise. Funds to be Raised by the Frst oj Jan uary. It is supposed that the authority to h a running net work; in the genuine there is none. In front of, and at tached to the chest, in the centre pic ture of the genuine note, there is a adlock; there is none in the counter feit. In the genuine note the head of sue general currency notes must also be the" man in the lower left corner extended bf Congress to meet the appro- is nearly bald, a little hair is wn on the right temple; in i - , , the counterfeit a full head oi hair is | represented, the hair on the right The appropriations already temple*being slightly dishevelled, as if blown by a puff of wind. In the genuine the bead of the fe- priations already made by it and not yet ,, I paid* and also the further appropriations combed down on the right temple; in * * male between the words Confederate States, is near the centre. lithe couu- erfeit the head is placed so as to touch the letter E in Confederate. TWENTIES. In the counterfeit hills the figure 2, - on the right side, in cut by a line line, ! entirely separating the tail of the fig- 1 ure from the main body of it; in the | the figure 2 is perfect. In the genuine bills the hat on the head of the man in the lower left corner ol the note, sits.more upon the top of j the head than in the counterfeit; in the counterfeit the hat sec-nis to be j by Congress and not drawn on 1st of A%gust amount to $164,687,3S9 93 The estimates submitted by the various Departments of the additional supplies re quired to make good deficiencies and to support the Government to 1st January next, are as follows : For the War Department For Civil list For Micellaneous So that the whole amount of supplies required to 1st of January presents dredand twenty-six taken prisoners. A- mong the prisoners is the commander of the Yankee cavalry, who wasalso the Mil itary Governor of Williamsburg, and six teen negroes. Our loss was three killed and five wounded. This chastisement will, we fee 1 confi dent, have the effect of ridding the Penin sula, a most loyal and devoted portion of Virginia, of the Yankee thieves and free booters who have been infesting it since the evacuation of McClellan. It is only to be regretted that they have been so long allowed to pillage the country and maltreat the inhabitants with impunity. a total of Additional Particulars. From participants in the engagement, who reached this city last night, we have learned some additional particulars. Our force, consisting of eight cavalry compa nies, under the leadership of Lieutenant Colonel W. Pinckney Stringier, of the Holcombe Legion, started from Dispatch station, on the York River railroad, last Monday evening, and altera fatiguing ride of forty-five miles, arrived near Williams burg about dawn, Tuesday morning. The enemy’s pickets were driven iu, and, with out hesitation, our men charged into the town, where the fifth Pennsylvania caval ry, some six hundred strong, were drawn up to receive them, and a brief but spirit ed .engagement took place in the main street, when the enemy fled, leaving a number of prisoners in our hands. The enemy rallied below the town, hut a sec ond charge was mafte with drawn sabres, causing a hasty retreat towards Fort Ma- gruder, our troops means while, using their carbines with goot effect. At the Fort a third attempt was made to repel the at tack, but another charge scattered the Yankees, who fled with precipitation in the direction of Yorktown, pursued for some five miles by our troops. Colonel Campbell, the Yankee military Governor- Major Belcher, two Captains, several Lts. and about a hundred men were taken pris oners. Our troops, learning that a dis patch bad been sent to Fortress Monroe for reinforcements, burnt the enemy’s camp and a large quantity of stores, but captur ed four pieces of artillery, two stands of colours, sixteen runaway negroes, sixty horses, and a number of wagons and ambu lances, and shortly afterwards retired from the town. The enemy lost in this engagement be tween thirty and forty killed and wound ed, while our loss was only three killed and five wounded, one being accidentally shot by one of our own men. The people of Williamsburg received our troops with great demonstrations of joy, the ladies thronging the streets during the fight, regardless of personal danger, and bestowing every possible attention upon the men. The prisoners were march ed to Dispatch Station, whence they were $44,373,590 36 [ sent to Richmond by last evening’s train. 386,607 39 ; Among the number is a white female, wife 102,899 38 | of one of the soldiers.. Most of the troops who participated in this daring and bril- $44,863,097 13 liant affair are South Carolinians, the re mainder Virginians and Georgians. It is asserted that only four days previous to • | the attack, Williamsburg was garrisoned by some five thousand Yankees. • \Richmond Examiner, 11 th. $209,550,4S7 06 be :■"* of late; (though we believe quantity ot circulation by interest bearing .. - [Correspondence of tbe Telegraph.] Should (he Present Crop of Cotton Tnseilt We propose giving within the limits of a brief article, a few reasons why the grow ing crop of cotton should be taxed; and as the ^lbject has been but little agitated that pub lic sentiment is made up in regard to 'May holds three weeks, if necessary, at each term. tJudge not required to draw Jurors for two *eeks; and not obliged to hold two weeks’ Court solatia* of Cobb and Lumnkin. Congress is left to determine the best mode of raising this sum; and as there seems hut little prospect of raising the thrown more towards the hack °f t ie mone y a sa i e 0 f bonds or stock, a resort neck. ' •• . , to Treasury notes seems to be all that will In the genuine the crown of the sailor s ] e f t t0 j ts discretion, hat is broader than in counterfeit—the sha- j Interest Bearing Notes. ding line on his jacket in the genuine, run i . t square across the body-in the. counter- j The experiment of diminishing the feit they run diagonally across the body. quantity of circu at. J1C oculJUJC _ „ _ ~ Also between the XX on the right notes and deposits on call is said to have we would call the atte ntion of mem- lower corner are two hearts separated ! ^en very successful and is likely to be b ' rs of the resent Legislature to it, as a nml^wrintinff towards each other in the ! eu ' ar ? ed as a relief from excess m the oa ^ tb wii f most assuredly be and pointing towards eacn , quality of the nationalWency, which as ^„ ed t0 act 7 It will be recollected genuine, but in the spurious only oi » | lt exceeds the usual business wants of the a rt of th P e bistorv of our p reseu t or it two, run together. ! community, must be productive of high ^ that there wa8 a great e ff or t The paper ot all the genuine notes.Lpnees without relation to the actual value , create a b i; c sentiment against is of poor quality, hut iu the counter- | ot the currency. planting cotton during the present war. feit it is of a fair quality of batik note • It is understood that the interest notes, ^ 6^ effort was c £ wned wifh 'although current to a certain degree, have succe9s F _ altbougll a few persons whose been generally withdrawn from circula- hearts are actuated more with the prompt- tion, on account of their value as tempera- . of avarice than the impulses of patri ry mvestmenst. Most of them have been , ° _ J; j.j ..ill paper. NOTE.—The hair line is not an infallible test, as I have seem one on a counterfeit—out a famii- iority with the face of the sailor on the genuine bill will enable you to detect the false one nn sight. J. J. SPECIAL NOTICE. T HE undersigned having removed from Mil- ledgeville desires and intends to close up his business matters of that place speedily as possi ble. All persons indebted are notified that the not cs »nd accounts are in the hands ot J. A. Breedlove, and P. H. Lswleb, who are authori zed to collect and make settlements If not art ranged at an early day, settlemsnts will be.cnforced j/ A. C. VAIL, Agent- taken under the belief that the interest would be paid like other interest, and the Secretary of the Treasury has encouraged this belief by a recommendation to Con gress that the interest should be paid an nually. Prospects of another War Ttix—Pay ment by the States, ifc. It is snpposed that Congress will be un der the necessity of providing an other war tax. From the war tax returns and from estimates as to snch States as hat'a not yet oti8m, disregarded the behest of so enlight ened a public policy. And well might we say that there was never a more enlighten ed public sentiment developed in regard to any question—as we can only appre ciate its policy when we contemplate what would have been the result had the people planted an ordinary or even a half crop of cotton. While our armies by im pressment or other arbitrary measures might have been meagerly supplied, the poor throughout the land as well as the families of indigent soldiers would have plant a cotton.crop, and discharge his du ty to his country. The planter who has followed the path of duty to his country by contributing to a cheap supply of pro visions to the army and country, lias there by greater claims upon the charity of the legislature than he who has contributed to his own lust of gain by planting cotton. And the cotton planter who cries out for an equal distribution of the burdens of taxation must reflect that he has cast off a portion of his burden by planting cot ton, and the only way to equalise is to tax his cotton. When censured foi his selfishness and want of patriotism, he meets you with the assertion tbpt he lias the right to do as he pleases with his own property. A pretext so flimsy and un founded is gainsayed by a reference to the history of legislation in his own country. The Sunday laws, laws against gambling, laws favoring the abatement of nuisances, and* numerous other acts are encroach ments against the rights of property as primarily considered. It is a false dogma, and inapplicable to a state of civilization, for when a man becomes a member of so ciety he forfeits certain individual rights for the benefit of society, as well as in ex change for the advantages that he himself derives from society. Cotton planting during the present war is an individual right that ought to be given up for the public weal, if not given up, it should be abated as a nuisance. No man has the right, either moral or legal, to use his property to the injury of his neighbors. If he does, the law declares it "a nuisance, and will not only abate it, but give heavy damages to the party sustaining the injury. Cotton raising for the present year has been declared a nuisance by public opin ion, and it demands not only an abatement of the nuisance, but heavy damages by way of taxation snee a measure respecting our Treasury Notes, in the shape of a resolution of en quiry, referred to a committee. Upon the first intimation of this scheme from Sav annah, I wrote a communication in con demnation of it for a Richmond paper, which never saw the light. I was ap prised that tbe like conceit had, last win ter, entered the head of a prominent per son in Mississippi, and that there was rea son to believe it was not wholly without support in South Carolina. Early in tbe present session of Congress (I quote from the newspaper reporters of Richmond,) “Mr. Gartrell of Georgia, offered a bill making Treasury notes a legal tender in payment of debts. He desired prompt action, and moved that the bill be made the special order for Tuesday of next week. Mr. Curry, of Ala., said the busi ness of the House had been greatly impe ded, at its last session, by the numerous special orders. He hoped we would avoid the evil now. Mr. Gartrell modified his motion so as to refer the bill to the com mittee on the Judiciary. Mr. Curry as sented and hoped for an early report, for he too desired prompt decision and also a prompt rejection of the bill. Mr. Foote of Tenu.. joined in a desire fora prompt report, but hoped that it wonld be favora ble to the bill.'’ Recently the following is reported as occurring in tbe House: “By Mr. Swan: a memorial asking that Confederate notes be made a legal tender. By Mr. Baldwin: a petition upon the same subject, signed by a large number of the citizens of Rockingham.” The Richmond Enquirer of August 26, contained a communication, provoking no comment editorially, in which it is said: “We never can get along right until Con federate currency be made a legal tender. All the debts of the country call for dol lars or coin; and how can debtors live through this great .struggle lor our inde pendence. unless they can pay their old debts with Confederate notes or bonds? The regulations make me and all others take it for everything sold, and why not make all take it for their old dues? The sinews of war must be sustained. No man should be suffered to refuse it on any ground. Nearly all East Tennessee is po inted v.'ith tories, and, of course the major part of the debts here are due tories, and will our Government let them longer refuse Confederate currency for their old dollars and coin debts? If it should, it gives them six per cent, advantage over the debtors, whose money lies on hand, while it pays a tory six per cent on what he owes. Co.Y- stitctional or not; make that money a legal tender during the war and you will see the rich fruits of it.” The Richmond Whig of late date, whose motto is “The Constitution-States Rights” declares, editorially, as follows: Wheth er Constitutional of not, the issues of the Confederate Government must be made a legal tender.” In the last number of that paper I have seen (September 4) a correspondent, unre buked, elaborates the doctrine on the au thority of Worcester’s Dictionary, that to coin money, and regulate the value thereof, is not only to stamp and regulate the val ue and give currency to metals, domestic aud foreign, but embraces also a paper cur rency, promises to pay, even notes of hand etc., etc. These citations will show that mischief is brewing in and out of our Con gress, and how loose and reckless are the propositions made from sundry quarters, and that I o.m not making false clamor. CATO. Position of the Union cstnsr—Plain talk for a Northern Latitude. The New York “Times” of Friday 'I he question has been raised whether j last, has a melancholly, bnt very truthful the legislature has the constitutional right j editorial ou the present aspect of Yankee to tax the present crop ot cotton. It is ; affairs. We bespeak for it an attentive regarded by some, especially those that j perusal: are guilty of planting cotton, as ex postfac- The Summer campaign, which was to to in its nature. I hose] who are familiar ba ve given us the rebel capital, has come with the construction that our courts put disastrous end. Richmond is relieved upon ex post facto laws, know that it ap- and Washington is besieged. That mag- plies only to penal or criminal offences, nificent army, organized and drilled with Ootton nlantins-. though wrono 1 . and nn- , so nmcb care by McClellan a year ago, re- Cotton planting, though wrong, and un patriotic, is not in the nature of a penal offence. The cotton that is raised this year will be considered a species of proper ty and subject to taxation as well as real estate, negroes, or any other species off property. It is time the people were aroused upon this subject, at, none other connected with our present struggle is of more, importance pulsed first on the Peninsula, has been again repulsed in its advance upon Rich mond from the North, and now seeks safety for itself behind the forts which line the Potomac. Disguise it as we may tlie Union arms have been repeatedly, dis gracefully and decisively beaten. The whole campaign against Richmond has proved a failure* The rebels have re- tban that of supplying the country and gamed the offensive, and have driven onr army with ample subsistence. It cannot troops back to the precise position they be done unless the people give up cotton be j d a f ter the battle of Bull Run, more during the war, and direct their whole en- than one year ago. Our Generals do not ergies to the raising of grain crops. It | sefcm to lie aware whether they intend to has been demonstrated time and again that attack us there, or push forward on some the people of the South cannot feed them- other line of operations. One thing may selves when planting anything like an or- be deemed certain—they will not sit down dinary cotton crop. There has been more j ; n f rout 0 f Washington and attempt to cotton planted this year than is generally ie duce it by siege. They will eitherat- known, as persons planting it, knowing it tempt a flank movement upon it, or to be in bad odor with the people, have I wbat see ms to us still more likely, they concealed the real amount, and given it j w i)[ p Usb a powerful column directiy into to the tax officers at smaller figures. Gov. [ Pennsylvania and strike a blow at the Brown has already announced his views 1 Union cause on loyal soil, upon the subject of taxing the present There is a class of public men who crop ot cotton. Though frequently difier- , think it highly unwise to admit that we ing with him, we cannot but believe that [ bave suffered any serious reverse**. They he is clearly right iu this case. e can- i ba ve copious explanations of tb., apparent not but earnestly hope that our legislature ! cbec ks our forces have sustained, and will give the subject that consideration j abuudant assurances that they are all to that its gravity demands, and will apply the proper corrective to an abuse that threatens to interfere with the progress and success of our struggle for freedom. Scan liir Etil ©uion».—No. 1. Ohsta Principiis. To the Editor of th$ Mercury: If the Constitution of the Confederate States is to be preserved, and is deemed worth pre serving, it is time for all who so resolve and who so think, to examine the omens that forebode, mischief, and oppose, in their incipiency, the insidious or heedless devices that will sap and undermine all limitations of Confederate power, unless they be crushed in embryo. Some time last spring, the editor of a Savannah paper, referring to the measure adopted by the Congress at Washington, to make the Treasury Notes issued there a legal tender in the payment of debts, observed (in substance) that he presumed such a measure was not a violation of the .Constitution of the United States, because the prohibition to make anything but gold and silver current coin a legal tender was on a State—not on Congress. Soon after a member of Congress from Louisi ana (Dnpree, I think it was,) proposed be redeemed in the immediate future. We regret that we cannot share their credu lous confidence* All their explanations cannot change this fact, that wherever we have met the rebels—whether behind an earthwork, as in front of Richmond, or in the open field as in front of Washington— they have beaten us. Sometimes they have outflanked us; sometimes they have got completely in the rear of our forces; sometimes they have thrown their whole forces upon a single weak point of our line and so overborne us by numbers; some times they have drawn us into an ambus cade; but it matters not bow—tbe fact re mains that they have beaten us. And all that these various explanations amount to is that their Generals are bolder and more skillful, and their armies more effective than oars. This is all that anybody can ask in war. And it is worse than idle—it is childish and idiotic to attempt to shat onr eyes to the glaring and repulsive fact that thus far in the war, the rebels have the best of the fighting. The sooner we realize onr actual condition the sooner shall we find a remedy for it. What is the cause of these awful disas ters. Not in any lack of men, for onr ar mies outnumber tbe rebels two to one. Notin lack of arms, of munitions, of plies, of all the means and appliances of successful war, for no army on the face of the earth has ever been so lavishly sup plied with all these as ours. Not in the goodness of the cause—nor in the spirit of the people—nor in tbe valor and pa tience of onr soldiers, for in all these re spects we may challenge the world to sur pass us. We are driven to the conclusion that the Rebel Generals are superior to ours: that the Rebel Government has been better able to wield skillfully, and successfully tbe weapons placed in its bands. Results afford the only test of militarv capacity. The army that con quers is always the best. Large or small, ragged or well-clad, hungry or full, armed or unarmed; the army that drives its ene- off the field is always the bettet* of the two. Our forces have been splendidly drilled, admirably clothed and armed, and always supplied with abundant food; bnt they have been defeated, and shat fact overrides all the others, and brands them as inferior. We all hope that all this is to be chang ed; but so we have been hoping for the whole year past. The very next step was always to turn the tide. We were to have no more Bull Runs” when MpClellan took command. J be enemy was to be driven to the wall” after he bad evacua ted Yorktown. The army of the Poto mac, it was declared, shall enter Richmond after it had suffered defeat behind its own fortifications. And there were to le no more retreats on our side after Pope took the lead towards the rebel capital. Yet, . in spite of all these assurances, made with confidence, and eagerly welcomed by tbe credulous|country, our armies are besieged, but all “safe” in the Potomac forts. Who can say the tide of disaster has yet been stayed? What is there to turn it? We have fresh men in tbe field, but so we had before. Possibly the enemy cannpt take the forts—and possibly, knowing that fact they will not try. But if we can judge the future from the past, they will he like ly to attempt something which they can accomplish, and the first we shall know of it will be, that it has been done. We see no ground for predicting better results so long as we employ the same means. We have the same Generals, tbe same pol icy, tbe same Government, the same Pres ident and the same Cabinet as we have had hitherto. We enter upon the future under the same auspices precisely which have presided over our past disasters. What possible reason, then, have, wo to expect a change? The entire responsi bility for all these calamities rests upon the Government—simply because all the power is in its hands. Grant that many of our commanding Generals are incompe tent—that they waste in personal wrang- lings energy that should be given to the cause—that they are weak, irresolute, in capable, and therefore unsuccessful—the Government is responsible for their fail ures because it has the power to displace them. A General may fail once through his own fault; if he fails a second time, the fault rests with those who kept him there. War is no time for elaborate experiments, or for patching up shattered reputations. Affair, at Fretlerjrk. The occupation of the town by the Confed erates—Pricate property strictly observ ed- under the penalty of death—Jackson on his way to Pennsylvania. The Washington Republican has the following account of affairs about Freder ic from, a gentleman just returned from a visit to that place. We copy the most in teresting portion of its account: Our informant is a Union man, but was allowed to visit tbe camps of the enemy unrestrained. He saw and conversed with a large number of Washingtonians, who were in the ranks of the rebels. They seemed to be in good spirits, and were ap parently determined rebels. The advanced guards of tbe rebels oc cupied Frederick on Friday night, and took possession in force on Saturday with ten thonsand men, which number our in formant bqlieved to be in the city when he left. He says there are at least one hundred thousand of the rebels over in Maryland, in the vicinity of Frederick; consisting of the forces of Jackson, Ewell, Longstreet, and the Virginia cavalry un der Stuart. Longstreet’s division lies at Ijamsville, and consists of from thirty to fifty” thou sand. No pickets are thrown out except at night, and citizens are allowed perfect freedom to go and come as they please. Tbe soldiers are not allowed, under a pen alty of death, to touch a thing or take ar ticles of any kind without the consent of the owner, and then to pay liberally for it, (in Confederate Scrip.) The orders are strictly enforced, and a3 a consequence not a ear of corn or a fence rail is disturbed. This forbearance is shown because, as they say, Maryland belongs to the Confederacy and is a part of their country. But the moment they cross the line into Pennsyl vania, as they feel sure they will, they will have unrestrained license, and they swear that not a cornstalk or a panel of fence shall be left standing, but rain, des olation, devastation and sorrow shall fol low in their march. All the horrors of war, tenfold multiplied, shall visit every acre of land, every village and every hamlet of the Free States which they visit. Our informant says that the rebel army is a sorry looking set in the way of cloth ing—being dirty, ragged, and of all shapes and colours, and texture. He saw their cavalrymen riding the streets with the stars and stripes tied to the horses’ tails and trailing iu the dnst, and many other indiguities were freely bestowed upon the glorious flag. The rebels say they do not intend to at tempt to take Washington or Baltimore. Of course if. they wished to take either of those cities they can do so, but it would involve a tremendous loss of life in the accomplishment of those objects, espe cially the taking of this city; and as they could bold the latter but a little while, they dy not deem it necessary to make the attempt. As they say, our gunboats would move up to this city and shell them ont, and destroy the city, and they do not think tbe game worth the powder. So with Baltimore. Oor informant passed Hyattstown on his way home, and found tLat place occu pied by the rebels, who had just received notice from our forces to remove the wo men and children from the place, as they intended to make an attack. When he left Frederick, Jackson had just left that place with 3,000 or more troops, all cavalry, and took the road to wards Gettysburg, and onr informant be lieves the rebels are now in Pennsylva nia in force, as they were bnt 25 miles from the line on Sunday night at six o’clock. Ijamaville, the point at which Long- street, is located by this refugee, is on the Baltimore and Ohio railroad, five miles this aide of Monocacy bridge.