About The Sandersville herald. (Sandersville, Ga.) 1872-1909 | View Entire Issue (Sept. 3, 1891)
Herald—Supplement. ftjcct.AR No. 13. Third Series. MONTHLY TALK TO THE FARMERS. GEORGIA EXPERIMENT STATION. CROP REPORT At tin 1 risk of being cotisiilereil tiresome, I must reiterate whnt I have so often idiviseil, viz : That the farmers consider seriously the important problem of producing an abundant food supply at home. Let us, after careful delibera tion, settle on n line of policy, which will eventually assure our independence and then adhere to it, undismayed by the many ditllculties which loom up whenever a change frojn the “ all cotton ” system is attempted. Now is the BULLETIN NO. 12}—SPECIAL, JULY, 1891. FOR TIIE MONTH OF AUGUST, 1S91. Return an to the Department or Aoricth.ture, August 1, 1S91. State op Georcita, Department op Aoriculture, 1 Atlanta, Ua., August 7, 1801. j CROP NOTES. The reports show the outlook to be very encouraging for corn and jj SV) but only moderate for cotton. Some criticize these results be cause they do not conform to what they see at home. Such should remember that these figures arc tlie result of averaging nearly 400 reports. This season the crops nro quite spotted. In small areas they have been injured by dry weather or rust, or grass or caterpillar, or boll worm or shedding. Rut these areas are not generally spread over the State. TIIE CORN CROP. This crop is practically assured by the recent rains, and is very fine in most of the State, averaging OS. North Georgia shows OS with great promise from tin' rains that have recently fallen; M iddle Georgia average- 00, the lowest on account of dry weather in early part of J. v: Southwest Georgia shows 07; Southeast Georgia 100, and East Georgia 05. In those sections the crop is made and fodder saving is progressing. Owing to the present low figures on cotton the corn crop assumes unusual importance. COTTON. This crop is in the stage of greatest uncertainty, and owing to the To the Farmers of Georgia : This special Bulletin is issued by direction of the Board of Directors of the Station to call the attention of the farm- time to make this decision, for September is the month in which much of tho Die jgtato to t lie purposes of the Station and to excite their interest in its work. This Bulletin will be sent to every farmer in the State whose name and address can be secured by the Director, and it is hoped that each one receiving it will sufiiciently appre ciate the objects of the work of the Station and the value of its publications to himself, personally, to provide that all future Bulletins be also sent to him. So far as possible the Station will endeavor to ensure that its Bulletins shall reach the farmers of the State generally, but each individual can absolutely secure this for himself by sending his name and address on a postal card to the Director of the Station, Ex periment P. O., Spalding Co., Ga in order that Hie purposes of the Station maybe clearly N,, ' v understood, the following brief statement, is presented of it* ”" lv foundation, its organization, its methods of support, its ob- small grain, rye, oat* and barley in North Georgia should bo sown. It is true tlmt the corn harvest will, in all probability, be an abundant one; but wesbould not allow this to prevent our making “ assurance doubly sure," by putting in n large small grain crop. 1 have recently taken observations In the different sections of the State, and what 1 have seen but confirms my previousstatoments, that the majority of < le-irgia farmers arc making a grand mistake in pursuing the cotton myth, when they could gain from the substantial provision reality the competence to which they are entitled and which they deserve. Under stand me. n* advocating, not the abandonment of eotton, nor oven its restriction to such a degree as to bring other countries with cheaper labor into ruinous competition with us; but I do advise that this question be adjusted on a strictly business basis, and that the farmers, having tho light of reason and past bitter experience to guide them, lift themselves out of their present diffi culties. Last week the first bale of cotton from Dougherty county, classed middling, sold in New York for smai ceultl The price of corn in Georgia is $1.00 The grain crops of Europe are reported almost a complete failure, should our farmers provide for abundant supplies at home, wo are not fortified against probable high prices, hut will have an opportunity to bring hark from Europe some of the gold which has flowed there in such large quanti ties \Ve must not, thereh >re, be, suit isfled with our large corn crop, but resolve nt once to sow a large small grain crop. A winter oat from North Carolina, sowed in tho cotton fields of North Georgia in August, will, unless we haventi almost unprecedented winter, result most favorably. It killisl, sow again in the late fall or early winter, and supplement this crop with as much rye as you can afford to buy, and have the time to put in. It will protect your land from leaching and washing, All it with the vegetable matter go much needed, and give an abundant forage supply. CLOVER AND ORCHARD GRASS. Prepare a few acres thoroughly (Ids fall, hv breaking deeply and harrowing until all clods and lumps arc broken; app y anygood commercial fertilizer in such quantities ms to assure an abundance of plant foo l ; if you have lot manure, nothing is hotter. Sow nliout one pel; of red clover seed and two bushels orchard grass to the acre; you will thus haven pasture which can be made to last for vear.-, by simply giving a spring and fall top dressing of some good fertilizer. To the farmer, who lias once done this, it is nil easy mnt'er to raise a colt or two, and win » this plan becomes gem ral, the big leak, which now (looks to tin 1 west for our mules ami horses, will be chocked, and one source of prosperity wi 1 lie established. It is through these apparently triv ial reforms tlmt our farmers must work themselves to a higher plane. We must learn to produce our cott it less cost, a maximum production con trolled by a minimum cost jects, its work anti its intentions : FOUNDATION OF THE STATION. In 1887 the Congress ot the United States passed an At*, appiopriating $15,000 per annum, from the proceeds of sale of public lands, to each State and Territory for the support and maintenance of an Agricultural Experiment Station. Under this Act, the Station was to be conducted in connec tion with the Agricultural College in each State and Terri tory. In Georgia, accordingly, preparations were made to carry on a Station at the Agricultural College in Athens. In 1888, however, the Legislature of Georgia passed an Act taking the Station from the immediate control of the College authorities and creating a Board of Derectors for its manage ment, consisting of one practical farmor from each Congres sional District, the State Commissioner of Agriculture, the Chancellor of the State University and one member of the Fffcnlty of the Agricultural College. The same Act gave l have never been so thoroughly impreaned with Directors power to locate the Station at any point in the ttrWKS Si” 1 »CS«S State which, to their judgment, shonld oiler the beet induce- conditi'ms exist, the outlook without exception ^encouraging. ^ w hero men mon t, a f or its location. Acting under this authority, in May, and citizene may mishaps which may befall it, cannot now be forecast with 1889„the Director? removed the Station from Athene any degree of certainty . ^ laidival changes to be effective must be made gradually and admitting that located it within one ntilo of the city of Griflin, the citi The present average is: 85 North Georgia averages 70 Middle Georgia averages 85 Southwest Georgia averages 00 Southeast Georgia averages 04 East Georgia averages 80 No accurate estimate can be made sooner than 20th to 25th of August. Rut it will require a coworking of all the best elements and an absence of all calamities to makes full crop, this state of things is not likely to occur. OTHER CROPS. Hay, sorghum, potatoes, sugar cane and rice all promise well. Much may be done to relieve the pressure on account of low price of cotton by saving every available hay chop. Look to this, fellow farmers, with unusual diligence. We take occasion to say that these Reports are published in the interests of tho farmers entirely, and not, as some suppose, in the interest of speculators. They get these figures up for themselves, whether we do or not. Our reports are made up by farmers tor fanners, and arc studied and corrected by every means we can use, and represent tip? slatu-i of the crops at the time. In some sections the heavy rains have caused rapid shedding, which could not bo foreseen by the correspondent when be sent in his report. So of rust and caterpillars. Much of the young cotton has as yet no fruit upon it. It is simply a water weed. What the future may enable it to develop we do not know. The outlook ie not for a large cotton crop in Georgia. Rut in Texas, Louisiana, Arkansas, and some parts of other States it is very fine. n change is needed, let us start nt once to make these necessary reforms, Start with the (all crops, make a beginning if only a small one. cause the stand should fail, don’t give up but try again. ’I’ll,, farmers of Holland now own one of the richest grass and grain countries in the world, the lands tire worth anywhere from $200 to $500 per acre, and v C t these same lands were wrested from the great sen itself, and the farmers in gaining a foothold had to fight, notonly the usual dillieulties, lint to struggle against the encroachments of wind and wave. The great dykes lmve been built at immense cost of time, money and labor, and once established must be watched day and night lest one little break destroy the work of years. As with libertv, so with success in fanning, “ eternal vigilance " is tho m ice of both. A ninh must first be sure that lie 1ms chosen fanning us the business best suited to his tastes and capacity, and having decided this, lie must use every means and bend every energy to making his special branch of agriculture the greatest success. „ „ R. I. N Ksnurr, Commissioner of Agriculture. li from Any of Spalding county having offered a fine farm of 180 acre* (the present Experiment farm) and $ 1,000 with which to erect buildings. In duo season officers wore elected, build ings wore erected, or arrangements for their construction made, and the farm was prepared for experimental work. PRESENT CONDITION AND or.OANIMATION. The present Station is located upon the farm donated by Spalding county, about one mile north of Griflin, at the ex act point of meeting of three railroads, tlve Central, the Geor gia Midland, and Savannah, Griflin and North Alabama. II is a flag station of each of these roads and has its own post- We earnestly advise that all the fruit possible be dried or evap- 0 fl\ ( . e (Experiment P. O). It is connected by telephone with orated. The apjde crop is large and should not be lost. recipe for pickling beef. Take 0 pounds of salt. 2 pounds of brown sugar. J pound of saltpetre. C gallons water. Boil and skim as long as any scum rises. Cut vonrbeef in suitable pieces; salt highly; lay out separately to cool When Tool wipe with a dry towel and puck very closely m a clean vessel, pour over it the above mixture, which is enough for 100 pounds beef. Put u weight on to Lioid it under the pickie, HOG CHOLERA. It is claimed that hog cholera imiv Iip cured by the following treatment: Take well matured peach leaves and feed them to tho hogs as soon us they S 'or take wild olierrv bark, boil it ton strong tea, turn the sick hog on his back and pour downhis throat one pint of tins tea, when it gets cold. The above recipes are furnished by one of Georgia s best fanners, Mr. Rout. Plant largely of every food crop, raise AeW 125 275 500 pounds. We can, therefore, offer no encouragesnenV to hope for good prices in the DasberTof’kmngimm; who hastesmd them thoroughly, early fall. If our farmers were in condition to hold their present FORMULAS FOR COMPOST, OR HOME-MADE GUANOS, crop and plant no cotton for the next year, then the relief would p 08 Corn. come, and come in time to do good.. A little concert of action can place us in this condition „ , , ......... ~ hogs and colts, set your lands to grass, plant lightly of cotton, and Muriate of Potash independence, thrift and prosperity, will soon come, and stay when u p ■ - foR CorrONi it comes. ..... . ,, . 500 pounds. In some sections there have been excessive drouths in tie a er j-Urateof^Soda » part of June and early in July. In many places excess of ram is Mu riate of Potash Z\ZZ""ZZ". 75 “ A Sulphate of Lime For Turn M’s. 500 pounds. 200 “ 200 “ reported for the last half of July, rains cannot yet be estimated. ^rtli Georgia “iddle Georgia.. - Southwest Georgia.. BptitheaHt Georgia.... ®*st Georgia...... general average, 1801 ggyral average, 1890 8 It a 2 o O' 42t> § a £ 2 a > 9S 00 07 100 05 481 94 00 112 7tS 90 03 <04 in 88 -5 ~ Acid Phosphate. Nitrate of Soda.. Kainit... Sulphate of Iron... 100 For Fruit Trees. 02 01 05 111) 92 20-311 * 23-311 1- 25-301 1- 20-25] 1- 1- 80 51 44 I 20-2 S3 ' 20-25 372 | 482 480 ] 207 90 93 1 Acid Phosphate Nitrate of Soda.. Muriate of Potash.... Sulphate of Lime Acid Phosphate Nitrate of Soda Muriate of Potash.... Sulphate of Lime 350 poll mis. 220 “ 275 “ 155 " Foil Vineyards. For Grass and Pastures. 400 pounds. Acid Phosphate Nitrate of P"da Muriate of Potash. Sulphate of iron — 440 pounds 350 100 “ 00 “ the city of Griffin and the street-car line of the city extend! to within a short walk of tho Station. The farm contain! about equal areas of woodland and cleared land, is sub stantially fenced and is accurately laid off into permanent experimental plots. A portion of it has been underdrained by various kinds of drains. A stream of water runs through the property and, by means of a ram, supplies water to ail necessary parts of the farm. The buildings comprise three dwellings, a fine, large stable and barn, a chemical laboratory, a general office and six laborers’ cottages completed and fur nished and a ginnery and dairy-house in process of con struction. The officers are a Director, Vice-Director and Chemist, an Agriculturist and Dairyman, a llorticulturiil and an Assistant Chemist. MAINTENANCE OF THE STATION. The Station is maintained exclusively by the fund ceived from the United States government (.together with the proceeds of sale of such of its crops as may be marketed). The State of Georgia pays nothing for its regular support. The State has twice made small appropriations to the Sta tion, for specific purposes, as detailed below. The costand revenue of the present Station stand as follows: 1. Donated by Spalding Co., Farm, valued at $10 000 Cash for buildings 2. Appropriated by the Legislature, In 1888, for establishing the Station (mainly expended for buildings' In 1800, for year 1891, In 1890, for year 1802, These last two amounts were given especially for erection of buildings, as the United States law per mits only $750 per annum of the annual Congres sional appropriation to be used for this purpose. 8. Annual United States appropriation, For support of the Station, . . . 4. Sale of farm products, Genual purposes (approximate and varyisg\ 4 000 5 000 B 000 5 000 $10 000 600
