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THE WASHINGTON GAZETTE.
JAS. A. WRIGHT, AGENT.
THE WASHINGTON GAZETTE.
Terms —Three Dollars a year, in advance
Front. the Chester (standard.
DR. CASTOR’S LETTER
FokiGaikes, Ga., July 13, 1866. ,
Da. W. 11. Babcock.
Mt/Dear Sir .-—Haying recently re-;
ceived quite • uurnber of letters from gen- ;
jttemen is different parts of South Caroli- |
na, and two to day from citizens of your
Distirot, making iaquirfes A* to various
points oonuectad with ibeeiuigrntion move i
ment to Brazil, I will avail myself of the
kind oiler of your columns, to present a
general reply to these communications.
The Government being a limited mon
archy, on very much the samq basil* as
that of England, and having maintained
law and order for nearly fifty years without
any serious interruption, guarantees protec- I
lion to person and property to all .the in |
habitants of tlie Empire o! Brazil.
The present war with Paraguay, in
which dm Argentine lb-miblies Lave com
mon cause with Brazil, is only a source of
annoyance by interrupting the navigation of
the river Parana; arid tho allied force o
having now moved into tho of i
the common enemy, if is confidently be
lieved that Lopez, the leader of Paraguay,
will speedily be reduowij to the necessity of
a capitulation. This war attracts but little
attention in Brazil, and Lift lor the iuijycs
•ion that a course of masterly iu,icyrity
would bring Lopez to terms, might have
been terminated long since.
In most of the industrial ails, and in ag- :
jiculture, ri.e Brazilians are behind the U.
o. arid with the extension of railroads into
the interior, ai;4£ e new impulse which
die culture of cotton has received within a
yaars, there is an ample for aili*-
m >»yl Pfoupra from tUsymuuld jr
iff theVitw* or tiie country j and the
rtßtospcol of extending the line of railroad
'S*W the inp-iior of the province of Sao
Paulo, will not only male a dviisrid for
Voiknien upon the hue of operations, hut
will develop new enterprises in the adjoin
ing country, which must give employment
to skilled mcchauiosju, ; vaiiouai' partments.
This road has been rmirpioledto a distance
of eighty-five miles front Santos, termina
ting for the present at luudiatrv ; hut w ith
» chaitor and survey for twenty six miles
farther to the city of Campemis. At this
point a fertile region of country is entered
and some of our people have already
bought lauds in that vicinity for the cul
ture of cotton and other products.
1- .Open lands with some improvements
may be had at very reasonable rates, viz;
from 82.00 to SO.OO per acre, provided
they are not adapted to the culture of cof
fee. The more elevated lands, entirely
free from frost, are tl.qpe selected for the
coffee plantations, an-T though the cod may
aot be of better quality than the low- lands,
the great importance attached to the coffee
drop near a railroad,gives these lands a value
ranging from $”5.00 to SIOO.OO per acre
when planted in trees of coffee.
’ The great field for industrial onterpisea
k to the country lying upon the tributaries
cf the river Iguape, which furnishes a
jtieans of tranportation by steamboats up
so Xinirica, and presents »n extensive
fit-id for mechanise dr. the fine facilities at—
hided for machinery.
There are several families from the South
eta States already located in the region ly
bet ween the village of Canatieaon the
coast and that of Xinirica upon the river
Iguape, while a representative of a nutn
be' of families from Louisiana has selected
tb'l country for their settlement. It is in
this territory that lands have been reserved
sot us at 22 cents per acre, and with the
prfsert prospect of a considerable number
of -families transferring their residence to
Brazil, I know of no region in which they
cad be so well accommodated as in the
format lands lying between Cananea and
Xisirica. We can there have for indefi—
nito extention of cur population, w ith lands
adapted to all variety of products, and
withal the cheapest and most convenient
transportation of products ro market by
vat*. Drinking water is abundant and
£•4
Tw health of all parts of this province,
WASHINGTON, WILKES COUNTY, GA., KRIDAY MORNING. AUGUST 25,1866.
where somewhat removed from the coast,
is superior to most parts of South Carolina
and Georgia, {Hording in this respect the
most desirable country to my knowledge.
The people of this couutry are not so vigor -
ous, nor do they live to so groat an age, as is
observed in Brazil. Several very old persons,
and others with ruddy complexions, present
ing tine specimens of bt.fib y development
were seen immediately upon the banks of
the river Iguape in the vicinity of Xiniri
ea. After descending fifty Dries befew
this point the indications for heatlh are not
so favorable ; as the lands assume a level,
flat character, rendering them ftaUe to
overflow.
The hanks ol the river above are high
and very rarely overflow, while tho adja
cent couutry is elevated and undulating, or
even in some parts becoming mountainous
near the river.
At the di stance of six or eight miles in
the country, a more regular conformation
prevails, aud most of the territory lies very
favorably for cultivation.. The superficial ]
soil is a dark, grey loam resulting from veg
etable decomposition, with a has© of yel
low clay, making in combination a mulat
to soil of good productive quality.
There is found in tho valleys and low
lands of this region a dark and almost al
luvial deposit which constitutes a very rich
soil, and along the river Iguapo the soil as
sumes very much the color of wet ashes,"
having most of the characteristics of the
Mississippi bottom lands. - None ( ,f the ter
ra rocha is red purple lands, which are so
justly prized in other parts of this province,
are found up ou tho tributaries of the
Iguape river, nor on the other Land at e
any oi the naked barren cauipos or open
plains seen in this section.
The laud is more uniformly of (air qual-
taut - ..l aiuaa
4rfemHrtTCirrmtff willattbr'd a TargS 1 settle
ilietit and -equitable distribution of land,
that will yield all the staples of t|.ia coun
try satisfactorily.
Corn, rice, bean*, sugar cane, cotton, to
bacco, mundioca, and coffee, were seen here
growing in great perfection, white the ban
ana, tiie orange and the pine apple flourish
most abundantly, aud of excellent qual
*|y-
It is proposed that tho reserved lands
may be purchased at 22 cents an acre,
each member of a family having the priv
ilege of getting three hundred (300) acres,
thus affording a largo family a largo do
main for extension of operations as the
children grow up. There are also--'private
lands adjoining these Government lands,
which may be bought in any quantity
at 88 cents per acre, aud those desiring
such au investment can have the
privilege of three, four and five years,
without interest. In many place3 there
are fine sites for machinery, and along the
Iguape every planter lias his own rice mill
running by water from some of the nume
rous small streams which flow into this
majestic river.
The timber upon these various tributa
ries is very abundant, and generally of
fine quality for cabinet work, for houses, or
for ship building.
For the most part ihe wood of the coun
try is very hard and does not split well,
yet there are specimens of timber found in
this region that serve well for fences and a
few which may be split into boards.
Ditchesjfcave been readied* to, with or
without hedges, in places where fencing
materia! wa3 not convenient, and thus a
permanent enclosure is effected. As there
are several grow ths well suited to the con
struction of hedges, even making in some
instances a protection against hogs as will
as cattle, horses and mules, it would be
well to resort to this mode of enclosing
lands at the very outset.
In the vicinity of Iporanga which is
thirty miles above Xinirica on the river
Iguape, there are very superior lead mines,
and extensive deposits of limestone an'*
red chalk or stone suitable for pencils. It
is also stated that coai has been discovered
in this same region, and lower down that
iron ore has been found convenient to the
river, but I can’t vouch for the two latter
from personal observation. This section
being only reached by canoes renders the
transportation more '.ardy and troublesome
though not as expensive as pack mules.
Xinirica is the head of steamboat navi
gation, and a large wagon road i now be
ing opened across the country f oa> this
point to the port of CaUßncs, wFfeh will
allow of an outlet in either direction for the
products of those lot lai.mg near tb t rine of
communication. The lanu? tt'hichz'Te re
served at my request, are situat'd Q r on
this road,and at a convenient dista^ - > for
shipment from either port. This read is of
such a grade that a railroad may bo built
upon the samo line.
The climate is pleasant, and tosbera
ture not so groat at any time as our sum
mer, while it is raio that fro6t ooc rs in
winder.
The population ate generous and cordial
in their welcome of our people to the ofitiu
try, and all classes seem to desire that the
emigrants shah locate in their section of
tho country permanently. Many of the
planters in the more populous parts of this
province, have proposed to receive fo.to
business, men of experience in graving
cotton; and if they bring their tools food
implements for the culture of the soil, and
preparation of the cotton for market,' all
e sc w ill be supplied upon the plaoe, allow
ing oue half ol nett proceeds of the yet . a
operations for their skill and oapafiutey
dutiee. For this object persons may cv, u
betiur their pecuniary condition by nbfoj- 1
doning ordinary lands here, and removing j
every thing necessary for planting to B.V j
ail, where the soil is far superior and tie |
yield much greater than anywhere in (?ouL i
Carolina or Georgia. Cotton yields fre*,
2,000 lbs to 2,500 lbs, and corn from 3C to
40 bu-.dielH,even w ith the deficient ctiltka*.
of those people who know nothing of the
lisa of the plow, and make very sparing
use of the hoe. The increase of prod na
tion urnljr ipir aysteiß of* working nipsit W
-KT-jfernsrbinr V.Mic-Ghan at pfe-'otir, Vf’i'
tho quality of the lint, -now better (!■ tu
ours, will also perhaps be improved,
1 feel no hesitation in saying po Lively
that any person who has means to engage’’
in agricultural operations in Biazil, may
go to the Province of Sao Paulo with the
prospect of making double the amount of
clear cash annually to wlmt can bo realized
by planting here, even under a Better sys
tem of labor than at present prevails in tho
South.
Negro slavery is still the chief reliance
for labor in Brazil, and there are frequent
opportunities to hire gangs of negroes at
fromsso to $75 per head, taking eutire
families. Tho number of children iu such
gangs is usually much smaller than we
have boon accustomed to roe on a planta
tion here. In ono lot offered during my visit 1
there were 120 men and boys, 90 women
and girls, and 30 children only, who were
not able to render service in the field. This
gang was offered for $12,500 annual hire,
with the privilege of five or ten years contin
uance, making not quite SOO per head for
those capable of working. A number ol
small farmers might combine and hire such
a lot, working them together or dividing
! them as might suit their interests. It is
a!s > j.i acticahle to hire the common order
of people in that country, but they are not
very reliable for constant service.
An Agent for ilie laboring clisses in
Ireland who resides at Kio do Janeiro, lias
given me a written statement o! his readi
i its to furnis h ns many laborers as may he
wanted by our people upon three months
notice. With a considerable element iu
in this country which will go immediately
to work upon reaching Brazil, there in a
prospect of securing all labor that may be
requisite for entering successfully upon
the cultivation of tho soil, and all classes
of our people may materially improve their
pecunianry condition as well as their polit
ical and social condition by the change of
resi fence.
Brazil being south of the Equator, the
seasons are opposite to ours, and the plan
ting time for most crops is in October and
November, so that any wriio expect to make
a crop therefor the coming year must go
there very soon. Few of our people can
make their arrangements to get off iu time
for this, and it will be best for them to cal
culate upon leaving here after the gathering
of tho crops, so that they may get a better
priee for what they must sell, and there
will be time eftougb after this, to make the
move aud get settled in their new homes
for the crop season of another year. Ihe
breaking op at one place, and establishing
a family in a distant country, will requue
consider.able time, fur which all the space
between the crop gathering; here > n- \ the
next planting seasou there, may not ‘Otre
more thau is requisite to aogoiurd'Hh
objects.
If fcomo reliable business men could ffo !
forward in ad?anoe to locale the lands ior j
different families, and mike I
arrangements for labor it would servo an j
important object.
It i3 not yet ascertained at what rates or !
at what time vessels can be secured to '
transport persons and freight, but answers j
are daily expected to inquiries eti these |
points, and will be furnished for your paper j
when received.
Tho movements of my friends will influence j
very much my personal plans for theremo* j
val of my family, bull expect to got off j
within two or three months from this date, j
aud will render any desired assistance to i
such as may go at the same time.
The manuscript of my tour and observa
tions in Brazil, lias been sent to New York
for publication, and it is hoped that it will
soon be published to meet the demand for
more special information.
Very respectfully ydurs, i
J.tfcF. GASTON, j
WHEN THE GHEEN LEAVES COME AGATN
BY JIS AN IMOKLOW.
V,' •• - leaves come again, my lov*,
rflVcu green leave® come again—
Why put on ouch a oloudy face,
When green lc.avca come again?
“Ah, this spring will be like tho last,
Os » rf * ! - is* tiile*c Ui.ti Vuin,
.a u<3
“So Blip tUe-eeasoDS—and our lives;
’Tie idle to complain ;
But yet I sigh, I acaroe know why,
When green leaves come again.”
Nay, lift up thankful eyes my sweet?
Count equal, Jobs and gain,
Because aa long a3 tho world lasts—
Green leaves will come again !
For as sure as earth liven under snows,
Ami love lives under pain,
’Tisgood to sing with everything—
“ When green leaves come ag/iiu.”
THE DEV/ DEOPS,
BY EDMUND ALTON A.
The golden rays aro streaming,
O’er tho buds and flowers there,
And the drops of dew aro gleaming
In the morning’s amber air.
Yes, the glittering rays of sunlight
Stream down from the azure pky,
And those sparkling gems, the dew drops,
Are fading beneath the eye.
And even the little dew drops,
That glisten on every stem,
Teach ua the solemn lesson,
That we must fade like them.
They tell us the old, old story,
That was told so long ago,
That all traces of earthly glory
Must go as the dew drops go.
That the glorious beams of sunlight
Shall Hrearn from the throne on high,
And beneath their refulgent glory— *
As the dew drop—we’ll fade and die.
Tr.i’u CoqatKßV.—Real courtesy is
widely different from the courtesy which
blooms only in the sunshine of love and
the smile of beauty, and withers and cools
down in tho atmosphere of poverty, age
and toil. Show me the man who can quit
the brilliant society of the young and lis
ten to tire kindly voice of age, and hold
cheerful converso with one whom years
have deprived of charms; show me the
man of generous impulses, who is always
ready to help the poor and needy; show
molho man who treats unprotected maid
enhood as he would the heiress, surround,
ed by the protection of rank, riches and
family; show me the man who never for
gets for an instant the delicacy, the respect
that is duo to women as women, in any
condition or class; show me such a man,
and you show me a gentleman—nay, you
show me better, you show me a true
Christian.
Some wi v 63 are so jealous that they
don’t like their spouses to embrace a fair
opportunity.
VOL. 1.-NO. 18.
1 BATHING SCENES AT THE WATERING
PLACES— HOW THE FAIR CREATURES
LOOK!
A writer in the New York Tribune,
who has taken a jaunt to Coney l9land |
j thus describes the pleasures and draw
backs of bathing at that wateripg-place:
By midday the bath-houses, wb<ye they
hi eg bathing suits, are crowded with appli
j cants, mantr of whom are ladies. Yoi)
| leave your valuables with the keeper,
| snatch up a pair of blue jeans unmen
| tiouables, retire to an elegant apartment,
filled U P w 'tb a rough pine bench and a
buykp*-of salt and -In a lew tno°“
ruentq if y.ou are are transformed
from a tolerable-looking, well-dressed
young man, into a scrambiii?s, b .l*e-foo£d<J,
goose-necked, non-doscript, in comparison
with which a Sandwich Island ragmuffln
is a Broadway swell. But your natural
timidity is lost when you witness the ladies
emerge from their bathing closets in their
bathing costumes. The transformation, if
surprising in your case, is astonishing iu
theirs.
Fancy a gaudy-plumed paraquet denu
ded of its feathers, and then rolled in
mud, aud you can have some idea of the
appearance of the ladies. They enter the
hath house in all the glory of flounoes,
crinolines, parasols aud waterfalls; they
| coma out of it like so many beggar maids,
| with their coarse clothes clinging to their
limbs, and their little beads mudu hideous
u a ah chy, broad-brimmed hat, which
fcaeion atuyj-up in the nose of a
! Farißigifa- pheasant. They ruu fast and
j uwkw rdly to the beach iu order to conceal
| their nngaiulmess in the waves, and you
i follow them for the briny path, iu whose
; glorious luxury almost everything else is
! iObt.
hors couteJißiainWN
' (first's, and‘inMr power can be expe
; rijnced in numberless ways. After the
| iiis;t plunge, the bather can recline upon
the sund, and take the waves in cool, salt
ripple., or be can plunge in waist-deep,
and run bis chance of being tolled over
• aud over again, by the white-capped head
rers as they roll iu from mid-ocean,
j The ladies look evenlers handsome when
| they emerge from the sea, and you don’t
: feel like falling in love with one of them.
1 The cheeks and eyebrows of some of them,
1 were well painted' and blackened before
j they entered the sea, and they
; came out wonderfully transformed. Black
j oyebrows turn blonde, and rosy cheeks
| haggard aud pale; but the freshness of the
I ocean at the same time, clings to them, and
; tho bloom of health and beauty Is agloam
iu their eyes.
St. Louis has no hermit, but enjoys the
society of a crazy doctor named Chamber
i lain, who perambulates the Btreets swing
i ing a dead cat by the tail, aud falling in
i love with every good-looking woman ho
mcctii. His affection runs to interminable
! billet deux, und a person has only to inti
mate iu his hearing that he is a terrible
■ fellow among the women to be gleefully
invited to smoke
A railway is about to be constructed be
tween Clonmel, tho chief town of Tippera
ry und the town of Dungravcn, in the
country of Waterford, passing through
i Lismoro. The Duke of Devonshire takes
£60,000 worth of shares, and advances a
further sum or £60,000 towards the imme
diate completion of the work.
The sliapo of the bonnets now in vogue
: in Paris is called the “Cataline,” and is dia
mond form, about three inches square, from
! two corners of which hang ribbons of an
, enormous width (about six or eighth inch
es, I judge.” The addition of a hen or
canvass-back duck, perched on the dia
i rnond gives it very recherche appearance.
Item fob the Ladies.— Take a string
' that wiil reach twice round the neck of a
! young lady, let bor bold the ends in her
mouth ; then, if the noose will slip ovei
her bead to the hack of her neck, it is a
certain indication that she is married or
' wants to be.
Wm. P. Chilton, jr., and Major Bolling
Hall are announced as candidates for Con
gress in tho Second Alabama Congression.
District, for the unexpired term of the late
Mr. Freeman.