Georgia Historic Newspapers

    JBBBSEBBSBSM
Tlie Greor^ia "Weekly Telegraph- and Journal &c Hytessenger*.
Telegraph and Messenger
MACON, JANOABY 81, 1871.
Tlie Kens.
Our night dispatches in yesterday’s edition
affirmed that Paris had actually surrendered
upon conditions dictated by Bismarck; but tho
morning's telegrams to-day reporta hitch in the
negotiations, predicated on the allegation of
Favro that tho Paris authorities cannot bied the
French government at Bordeaux. The attitude
seems to .be the same as that at Sedan, where
the Emperor claimed that he had authority only
to surrender the army under his immediate com
mand, and the Germans must look to the Be-
gency for terms of peace.
In this dilemma, according to the conjectures
of tho French LegUion at Washington, Bis
marck has refused to receive the surrender of
Paris: but that strikes us as absurd. Ho may
refuse to treat with tho Parisian authorities
upon aDy point beyond the mere surrender of
the city, but he could not refuse a capitulation
of tho oily by the authorities in command of it,
civil and military, more than he could refuse
tho surrender of any other fortification. He
conld not continue the bombardment in the face
of notification that no further resistance would
be offered.
Meanwhile, according to the Brussels dis
patches of the 25ih, Duke Bismarck has pre
sented to Favre tho alternative of making
peace which will bind France, or he himself will
find one in Napoleon, and assume the responsi
bility of reconstructing the French Empire.
Tho dispatches of yesterday represented the
French Imperialists as very active, and declar
ed that the English Government was known to
be in favor of the restoration of Napoleon. In
spite, therefore, of tho extreme difficulty of the
task of supporting the fallen Imperial dynasty
of France on German bayonets, it is not alto
gether improbable that the Germans may at
tempt it with the sanction of the other leading
European powers. Such a solution of the war
will evidently disappoint the enthusiasts
who looked for progress in free government
from the conquest of France by the Ger
mans. Liberty is not often the offspring
of military force, and all present indications
point to the existence of a powerful reaction
against popular Ideas on the continent of
Europe.
Meanwhile, tho war is perhaps virtually at an
end, notwithstanding these difficulties in finding
a responsible treaty-making power.
We are glad to see that the Kentucky Legis
lature, although by a meager majority of one,
has receded from its preposterous position of
refusing right of way across that State to the
Cincinnati Southern Kailroad. Such a position,
resting on tho idea of forcing trade through
Louisville, was far from creditable to the intel
ligence and liberality of that State, and we are
sorry that it should need the efforts of Geo. H.
Pendletomand tho influence of some compro
mise propositions to indace a retraction.
The great Northern storm of snow and sleet
' erminated yesterday morning.
Agricultural Gossip
The Baral Carolinian for February is at hand,
and we have ran oyer its pages as editors com.
monly do, in a very cursory manner. In the
first article Dr. Pendleton, of Sparta, reviews
French Book upon high farming without man’
ore, and pronounces it a fallacy. It certainly
is apon any lands less fertile than-some of the
Western bottoms and prairie lafids, which are
represented to be too rich, until reduced
successive com crops; to produce the small
grains; for, upon new land wheat straw will
attain such a heighth and be so heavily headed
that it will fall over, mat, ferment and spoil
before the grain is in condition to be harvested.
Dr. E. B. Smith, of Marion, S. C., furnishes
the result of some experiments with commercial
fertilizers. The first experiment was made upon
light grayish land with a yellow clay subsoil—
rows four feet apart and 52 rows to the acre,
Equal values of eight different fertilizers ap
plied at the rate of §13 50 to the acre. The pro
duct of the acres in seed cotton varied from 676
pounds fertilized with Peruvian one part and
Etiwan No. 1 four parts, down to 429 pounds to
an acre fertilized with “ Pacific Acid Phosphate
and compound.” The average result was 580
pounds. The product of the same soil treated
in the same manner without manure was 283
pounds. Tho same soil snbsoiled 325 pounds.
Now estimating Dr. Smith’s seed cotton to have
been worth, for the lint, 44 cerits a pound, his
increase on the natural yield of 286 pounds was
worth to him (exclusive of the seed) §13 23—
being27 cents less than the cost of the fertilizers,
not counting the labor of their application. His
highest product—676 pounds—netted him 4.05
(exclusive of tho seed) over the cost of the fer
tilizer. His second experiment of fertilizers at
the rate of 350 pounds per acre, producing an
average of 520 pounds to the acre, where the
land without fertilizing produced 325, sunk him
a good deal more money—not counting the
valua of the cotton seed. The Doctor adds
twelve reflections to his tables by way of im
provement, the eighth of which is t£at on poor
soils a moderate application of commercial ma.
nures will prove most remunerative. The bet
ter soils may be more highly manured with
profitable results. His experience, however,
leads to the conclusion that his expense and
trouble were by no means remunerated.
A writer on the possibilities of cotton culture,
after remarking upon Col. B. G. Lockett’s crop
• Orniors Senatorial Coxiest—The contest
for the-Senatorsbipin Delaware, which has just
closed, was one of the most remarkable on re
cord. In one respeot it probably has no parallel
in our history. Three brothers (Salisbury) were
candidates before tho Democratic caucus for
nomination, and the contest was waged by the
partisans of each with all the vigor that attaches
to affairs of this kind where kinship docs not
exist. The straggle was at first between Wil
lard arid Gove, (ex-Govomor,) who were nearly
ded, but on the fourth ballot, it being evident
to Willard that the Governor was beating him,
be carried all his strength over to Eli and
elected him.
“They say” that Logan, recently elected
8enator from Illinois, has quit drinking, and
joined the Methodist Church, but the Cincin
nati Enquirer is sceptical. It says ho has a
natural, fine, discriminating and highly-culti
vated taste for old Bourbon, and has enveloped
hogsheads of it in his time. He may not in
dulge since he joined the chnrch, but he still-
hankers, and a smell of Chandler’s breath would
set him off. As for Colfax, there is no merit in
his teetotolism. Some creatures are so despi
cably organized as to be beneath suspicion.
He is bo loaded down with ontward smiles that
an inward smile would lay him out.
lx is feared that the seed cane in Louisiana
was serionsly.injurcd by the December frost.—
Tho npright ricks were more frosted than the
flat mass and windrowed seed. We have heard
of some planters grinding their npright or ronnd
-ricks. The npper portion of the mats mnsthave
suffered severely. The^ugar crop of 1871 mnst
necessarily be short.
Senator Williams, of Oregon, fas sent for
Greeley to come on to Washington and “cuss”
for him. Some time ago he gavo Grant a very
handsome saddle, expecting, in return, to be
made Attorn ay-General when Akerman resign
ed. But Akerman didn’t resign, and Grant has
not retamed the saddle, and Williams thinks
that only Greeley can do the subject justice.
Forney says: “Diversified industry is tho foo
of slavery, ignorance and poverty.” The New
York Democrat says: “Diversified industry
means printing two newspapers, running tho
President's Kitchen Cabinet, embezzling §10,-
000 as Clerk of the Federal Senate, looking af
ter Pennsylvania politics, and setting np a sickly
shont about Ku Klnx.”
The Census Commissioner at Washington,
says that the complete census returns will not
bo in before March. Half of the States of Texas
and South Carolina have not been heard from.
In the latter a lot of ignorant negro census-ta
kers were employed, whose work has all got to
bo done over again.
The “cringing Admiral,” sumamed Porter,
ia not, we fear a very amiable person. “Gath,’
of the Chicago Tribane, says he sent this mes
sage to the staff officers of the Navy a few since:
“If I am confirmed as Admiral, I’ll make yon
staff men smell ,” well, it rhymes with
smell.
Beecher distinguished himself in his last
Sunday’s sermon by calling the Apostle Paul “a
little, insignificant blear-eyed Jew,” and tho
Herald says his congregation “who had been
lying in wait for the joke, laughed quite merrily
at the simile.”
The Frankfort correspondent of the Courier-
Journal states, as a singular fact, that more
anti-liquor-selling bills are introduced in the
Kentucky Legislature on Monday than any other
day of the week. Me pretends not to know the
reason, either. The sly cuss!
The Courier-Journal issatisfied that the pub
lic funds of Alabama aro now safe, as tho new
State Treasurer is a country editor, and, of
course, isn’t sufficiently familiar with money to
know that it is worth stealing.
The wife of a literateur in New York thinks
it very nice to have an author .for a husband.
Whenever sho feels restless he reads her some
thing he has written, and in a few minntes she
is in a profound and refreshing sleep.
Oran A'House in Eufaula.—They aro hard at.
work in Enfaula, building an Opera Honse.
Verily our sister of tho Bluff is a lass of energy
.ud spirit.
of three bales to the acre, in Dougherty county,
Ga., says that James Bancroft, of Athens, Ga.,
has produced greater results, and believes fine
bales can bo made' to tho acre with profit to the
planter. Mr. Bancroft’s system contemplates
merely high manuring and culture. Poullain’s
method of transplanting from a hot-bed in
April, so that bolls • would begin to open in
June, is also alluded to by the writer.
In an article on practical experience in plant
ing, the writer says that deep preparation and
shallow culture seem to ho tho accepted mode
everywhere. He should have added—on loose,
friable soils; but the plan will not wotk on
soils which easily impact.
Does it pay to grow com ? is the inquiry of
another article, and it is a question which every
cotton grower who has been farming on western
com will answer with an inward groan of con
viction. Let the farmer bny nothing whiefi he
can grow on his soil, whether he can or cannot
figure it out as a profitable culture.
Upon common sense as applied to farming a
writer insists upon the economy of reducing
area, and the application of manures and high
culture so as to make one acre do the work of
two. His head is level. Any traveler in Mid
die Georgia, in cropping time, will see hundreds
of acre3 which absolutely will not pay half tho
cost of the cultivation—slovenly as it is. He
can see com fields which will never bring tho
seed back in good merchantable grain. No man
should drop a grain of com unless in a situation
and condition upon which ho can reasonably
predicate two good ears from it. To plant
where nothing but nubbins can come at best, is
a wasteful business.
The average com product of the United States
per acre in 1870 was about twenty-eight bushels,
against twenty-three and one-half bnshels in
1869. Tho area planted was 39,000,000 acres,
and the product 1,100,000,000 bnshels. Georgia
advanced her product 22 per cent.; -South Car.
olina 27; Tennessee 23; Alabama 17. The cot
ton prodnet in pounds was 1,707,000,000, or
3,800,000 bales of 400 pounds each.
On the subject of turnips Mr. Chisholm talks
about some largo'ones, but tho way to get at a
turnip crop is to give ns the weight of roots to
tho aero. Tho late falls and mild winters of tho
South are peculiarly favorable to the develop
ment of the turnip crop, and from it mutton,
beef, milk and fertilizing matter in abundance.
The turnip is the grand foundation crop in Eng
land.
An editorial on the Molo states, what is true,
that tho little fellow is not a vegetarian, bnt
subsists wholly on worms and insects. WheD,
therefore, yon find a mole track- through a row
of potatoes and find the seed or new tubers de
stroyed, tho author of tho mischief is not tho
molo bnt tho field mouse. Tho molo is a friend
to the gardener.
Wm. Stoke3, of Colleton, sends tho result of
eleven experiments with fertilizers applied at
tho rate of C68 pounds to the' acre. Ettiwan
brought 1015 pounds of seed cotton; Cotton
Food 1079; Carolina Fertilizer 954; Sardy’s
Pho3pho-Peruvian 810; Sardy’s Paciflo 618;
Ammoniated Bones 754; Frank Coe 706; Whann
792; "Wilcox & Gibbs’ Compound 837; Wilcox
& Gibbs’ Manipulated Guano 766, etc. Average
product of five acres without fertilizer 377,
Average product of eleven acres with fertilizer,
808 pounds. Product of tho fertilizer 431
pounds—worth (as to its lint) say 4} cents—
§19 40. If we average the cost of the fertil
izers at 34 cents a pound, then tho 668 pounds
to tho aero cost $22 27, so that Mr. Stokos also
had to look for his balance of profit in the cot
ton seed.
The State School Commissioner.—This per
son—J. B. Lewis—whose appointment we con
demned so emphatically when it was made, is
fully justifying our convictions as to his unfit
ness for the position. The Columbus Enquirer
says that, in the conference held by him on Sat
urday with tho local School Board of Columbus,
ho advanced tho idea that, notwithstanding the
special act of the Legislature instituting the
Public Schools of Columbus, the blacks of tho
city were as much entitled to the benefits of all
moneys raised by taxation for school purposes
as the whites. The Enquirer adds: .
“Our trusteess very promptly dissented from
the position, claiming that the whites of the
city had tho right to tax themselves In the in
terest of their own color. It was admitted by
all that, as far as the State fund and tho gen
eral State and county tax for educational pur
poses was concerned, all classes and colors were
entitled to an equal participation, but our peo
ple generally aro not prepared to admit that the
whites shall bo taxed to contribute as liberally
to educate the blacks as their own children.”
A Contrast—Grant and TTtb Predecessors.
The New York Express says:
"Washington died (after an incumbency of the
Presidential office of eight years), not worth so
much as ono year's salary of the President.
Madison and Monroe died terribly poor. Wash
ington went into the revolutionary war compar
atively rich, and came out of the Government
service of fifteen years comparatively impover
ished. Grant, in 1861, was not worth ten cents;
he will go out of his “service” on the 4th of
March, 1873, with a fortune, it is believed, of
millions of dollars, and with his “family,” lineal,
collateral, and matrimonial, saddled upon the
Government.
Tlie Vice ortlie Age .
Is pecuniary extravagance, more especially in
those matters which relate to personal display
and ostentation. And £he evil consists not in
tho mere expenditure of so much money, which
might he usefnlly employed, bnt in the demor-
alizing consequences of living beyond the lim
its of onr income. A vitiated public taste cre
ates, through the stem decrees of fashion and
the influence of example, an artificial necessity
for expenditure, which is none the less terrible
and fatal, because it is wholly unreasonable and
arbitrary. Few have the moral courage to re
sist it, although they know it is hurrying them
to pecuniary ruin. Society, demands, under
penalty of expulsion and neglect, that we.shall
be as fine as onr neighbors, although we know
we cannot afford it; and, in tho flight from
false shame of plain dress, equipage and furni
ture, we plunge Into debt which is fatal to self-
respect and moral rectitude..
A man cannot feel right who is unable td re
spond with fidelity to his voluntary pecuniary
obligations. The Providence of God may some
times force a man into debt which he cannot
meet on the day. and his self-respect still be
bnoyed np with the reflection that he is not in
fault But he who contracts debts which he
cannot pay, in mere objects of personal and
family extravagance, mustdoitwithmoroorless
sacrifice of the sense of personal honor and in
tegrity; and when he is pressed on these obliga
tions, he sinks daily deeper and deeper ip seif-
degradation, until all the plainly recognized
boundaries of honor and honesty are passed
and the man and his family perhaps are entire
ly ruined.
This is the secret of a vast majority of the
cases of surprising lapse from virtue which star
tle the public—the breaches of confidence—false
entries—forgeries—peculations and robberies
by men of recognized character and social
standing, which so painfully and so often sur
prise communities all over the country. Unable
to resist the temptation to spend more than his
income in order that his family may not feel
the mortification of being “shabby” as com
pared with their neighbors, the unhappy man
finds himself at last unable to resist the tempta
tion to commit fraud in tho vain hope to save
himself and them from tho pecuniary conse
quences of extravagance.
But there is a still more far-reaching and
deadly, though unnoticed result of this personal
and family extravagance. The beautiful maid
en who floats about in her costly silks, her
dainty embroideries and gossamer laces, i3 an
attractive spectacle—none on earth can be more
charming. Bnt with every step she is warning
prudent young men against tho pecuniary perils
of the family relation. Every day of her lifo
she is, by her example, increasing the obstacles
to early marriage, that great conservator of
manly virtue and the happiness and security of
women and society. Every day she is teaching
youBg men the lesson that a wife is a great and
growing pecuniary burden, which it is impru
dent to meet without some substantial off-sot in
the shape of a marriage portion. We might
talk an hour before we could tell the half of the
mischiefs resulting from this lesson.
And \£hen we'come to sift this passion for
display, it is a mere empty bubble, as to any
solid satisfaction it imparts. Its foundation
rests in selfishness and tho lowest kind of per
sonal ambition. It breeds among its votaries
all sorts of bad and wicked^ tempers; and, feed
ing and growing on self indulgence, plunges
them into the most hopeless and wearisome
competition of display against display, which it
is possible to conceive. When we reflect that
in the last days of Parisian fashionable display
and extravagance, it was no secret that domes
tic virtue in leading circles was utterly sacrificed
to this insane folly, wo como perhaps to the
climax of its evil and demoralizing tendencies.
A society which aspires to a refined politeness
—tho polish imparted by high intellectual,
moral and aesthetic culture—which ranks mere
drees at its true value—which encourages an
ennobling frugality and simplicity, and covets
the apostolic jewels of the sool, is the happiest
and safest place in all the world. Its atmos
phere is purer than the mountain breezes. It
imparts alike moral and physical health. It in
spires the most exalted ambition, and furnishes
the strongest guaranty of tho safety, happiness
and prosperity of all its members. No fash
ionable butterfly society can bo compared with
it. Nothing comes of that but headache, cha
grin and disappointed old age.
Are not onr noble women fired with an earn
est desire to give an exalted tone to Georgia
society? It cannot be done by any imitation of
the frivolities and vices of Northern and Eu
ropean cities. Let them consult their own
hearts and consciences. Let them ask them
selves what is good, exalting and safe in them
selves and their families, and have the courage
to stand for it, regardless of the clamor of tho
frivolous and dissipated.
Encouragement to Planters.
According to two reports of the cost of cotton
producing last year, in the Southern Cultivator
for January, which we carefully analyzed a few
days ago, the actual cost to the producer per
pound was 8J cents. If those figures were not
exceptional, they left a reasonablo margin for
profit on current prices. This year the lower
price of Western meat and grain (if yon have
to use them,) will reduce the productive cost of
cotton to a considerable extent—probably enough
to cover two month’s hire of bands, and we hope
that prices will not fall below existing figures.
If there should be an important redaction in
tho crop, which some look for, we may hope for
small advance. But this will not do to count
upon. We believe tho conditions exist for a
profitable husbandry in Georgia on the farming
and self-snpplying principle; bnt on the plan
of bringing all food and fertilizers from the
North and West, they have come to an end.
The planter who will work intelligently and in
dustriously, first to diminish expenses, and
then to produce his cotton as a crop represent
ing tho money balance, will show good results.
Now is the time to be drawing diligently upon
every home supply of fertilizing matter. Pre
pare to plant as far as yon go in a manner which
will afford fair promise of a good return. To
skim over thin land—plant without manure and
take the chapter of accidents fora return of the
value of your labor with interest, is inviting
disappointment. If yon are withont manure
and withont naturally fertile land yoa cannot
afford to pay for labor.
The News.
Paris dispatches of the 23d report riotous
proceedings of the Beds in that city a week ago
last Saturday night, the next day after tho dis
astrous failure of the last sortie. The mobo-
crats appointed Sunday following for a grand
rally to seize the government, bnt the report
does not justify the impression that they had
any strong hold on the Parisian populace.
Every day’s news seems to bring increasing
indications that the Germans mean to rehabili
tate the Napoleonic Empite in France. Com
munications are represented to be constantly
passing between the German Emperor at Ver
sailles and the Imperial powers at Wilhelms-
hohoe.
The last week in- January closed up, in Ma
con, with a third day of dull, sloppy weather,
and a promise of more of the same sort. Cot
ton, however, still comes in freely, and our re
ceipts are already some three or four thousand
bales ahead of tho total receipts last year. They
will probably run up fifteen or twenty thousand
bales more.
TOE GEORGIA PRESS.
Mr. George E. Orideler, of Baltimore, an
agent of tho Continental Lifo Insurance Com
pany, was’very severely injured at Savannah
Thursday. He was ascending tho stone steps
near the warehouse of "Wilcox, Gibbs & Co.,
when a couple of negro draymen turned loose a
bale of cotton from the top of tho steps, whioh,
in its descent, struck and knocked him down.
A Frenchman named De Lisle, hailing from
Charleston, attempted, on Thursday, to shoot a
young lady at Savannah who had rejected his
addresses.
Columbus rent3 her market stalls for §112
per month.
The Enquirer says two residences and smoko
house and kitchen at Crawford, Ala., belonging
to Major James F. "Waddell, were -burned on
Wednesday night last
At an" auction sale in Columbus on Thursday
fifteen mules sold at prices ranging from §90 to
§140. The highest sale made was of a horse
at §152.50.
Three gentlemen of Columbus have purchas
ed, for §10,000, the right to Thompson’s horse
power, for the States of Alabama and Georgia.
Four thousand one hundred and seventeen
bales of cotton valued at §285,266.78, wero
shipped from Savannah for foreign peris, on
Thursday.
The Sun says the City Council of Columbus
will, at its next meeting, appropriate §200,000
of city bonds to building the North and South
Bailroad from Columbus to Borne.
A young man named Baymond, originally
from Utica, New York, but latterly from Utica,
New York, but latterly from Atlanta, attempted
to commit suicide at Augusta, on Thursday, by
cutting his arm and throat with a razor.
Stealing shrouds i3 the latest phase of klep
tomania, in Savannah.
Wo clip the following items from tho Albany
News, of Friday.
Colonel Tift Still Held Back.—The fact
that Colonel Tift’s credentials [are withheld by
Bullock, shows how much the Badicals dread
him in Congress.
We understand tho legal question of his
right to a certificate has been referred to Attor
ney-General Farrow, who is now in Washing
ton, and that Colonel Tift has gone on for his
decision.
The bigamist Bowen seems about as muchly
known as he is married. Tho Americus Couri
er knows something of him. Itsays:
If Mrs. Hiclm Bowen should want any evi
dence in support of her application for alimony,
we should think plenty could be found in this
section, as the couple, if we mistake not, form
erly resided in the lower part of this or in Lee
county. Wo think there aro gentlemen now
living in Americas who are familiar with the
facts of this marriage, and can, probably tell
when the said Frances bought the Honorable
C. C. out of jail in Alabama and then married
him. Bat since those days the Honorable C. C.
has risen mnohly and flourished extensively.
Bay. C. B. Jewett, Methodist minister at
Thomasville, is dangerously ill with pneumonia.
•Dr. Bryant, of Pulaski county, who was
stabbed by Mr. Coley, of the same county,
about three weeks since, died last week.
Hawkinsville P. O. is out of stamps, and has
been for several weeks.
.There is a great scarcity of dwelling houses,
to rent in Hawkinsville, caused by people aban
doning their farms and coming to town to
live.
Tho “gentlemen drinkers” of Columbus say
there are only three bar-rooms in that city,
where a decent drink of whisky can be had.
Tho Columbus Son complains that the Cen
tral railroad hauls cotton from Montgomery,
Ala., to Savannah—400 miles, for eighty cents
per hundred pounds, while Coltunhu3 pays 75
cents per hundred to have hers carried 300
miles. The Sun thinks competition would eufe
tho disease.
The annual stockholders’ meeting of tho
Georgia Home Insurance Company was held at
Columbus, Friday night. Dr. J. F. Bozeman
declined re-election as President, and was sue
ceeded by J. Bhode3 Browne, and D. F. Wilcox
wa3 re-elected Secretary. The reports of officers
showed as the results of business for the year
1870 the handsome sum of §315,018 premiums
received, against §229,000 for 1869, while tho
losses, paid amount to §118,468 23 for 1870,
against §98,763 17 for 1869. A dividend of ten
dollars pen share was recently declared to stock
holders, and a scrip dividend of 25 per cent, to
holders of participating policies.
Columbus is now manufacturing cigars at the
rate of 700,000 per annum. Her annual con
sumption is about 200,000. The Enquirer in
an artiole on “Our Extravagances,” says:
Say we have a population in two miles of the
court-house of fifteen thousand. What will that
population Consume in articles that aro unnec
essary, not to say pernicious ? We have ciphered
it out somewhat, and conclude that we consume
§200,000 worth of spirituous liquors; cigars
§100,000; chewing and smoking tobacco §50,-
000; other unnecessary indulgences and extrav
agances in dress §150,000; making a grand
aggregate of half a million dollars per annum
for even our small city.
A gentleman living near Columbus sold, last
year, §1,800 worth of vegetables and garden
produce, from a five acre market garden.
D. D. Doyal, Deputy Sheriff of Spalding
county, has received §1,000 as his share of the
§2,000 reward offered for the arrest of Lawis
Travis, the notorious negro murderer, at Nash
ville, not long ago.
Skating don’t seem to agree with some folks.
-Jimmey SproulJ, of Calhoun, lias just broken
his arm the secoQd time.
Miss Sallie Findley, of Borne, said to "be tho
only female member of the Printers’ Union at
the South, will make her appearance in Atlanta
in a few days.
On last Saturday tho dead body of a young
girl was found in a creek near Bed Olay, in
Whitfield county. Tho supposition is that sho
had been first outraged, and then murdered.
Henry Lyons, negro, and Jane Brown, white,
are in jail at Griffin for trying to marry.
The Atlanta Era of yesterday says:
We announced a few days since, that, in an
ticipation of an increase of freights on coal,
(said to have been contemplated by the lessees
of the State Boad), a company had been form
ed for the purposo of shipping Anthracite coal
from Pennsylvania by way of Savannah. •
Wo now learn that two cargoes of Pennsyl
vania coal have been alro.ady received at this
point via Savannah, and that tho same has been
disposed of at rates which some consumers con
sider cheaper, considering the quality, than tho
Tennessee coal, shipped. even at the present
ratosof transportation.
In view of these facts, it is hoped that the
present lessees of the State Boad will not carry
ont their (reported) purpose of increasing the
tariff on coal.
There is a young lady in Conyers, Newton
connty, who is so facinating her beaux com
plain that hours are changed into minntes
while they ore in her company. Oar friend B.
O. S-, says there are scores of that sort in Ma-
Bullook, Blodgett, Joe Brown, and H. L Kim
ball, were hung in effigy at Atlanta, near the
depot, Friday night.
W. B. Grantham, yard-master of the Macon
and Western Bailroad at Atlanta, was badly
hurt Friday morning in attempting to couple an
engine to the West Point Bailroad car. The
injuries are very severe, but it ia hoped not
fatal.
The Newnan Herald says the dootors at
Grantville are abont to move away from that
place, on account of its distressing healthiness.
The smokehouse of J. J. Summerlin, near
Carrolton, with 1,000 pounds of bacon, and a
lot of wheat; lard, eto., was burned Thursday
night. Mr. S., who was in the house at the
time, was badly burned before he could get
out.
Mr. L. A. Brittain, of La Grange, whom we
reported a few days since, as having been bad
ly stabbed by D. W. Kellar, of the same town,
died last Monday.
A daily hack line will soon be started between
Taylorsville, on the Qartersville and Van Weit
Bailroad, and Cedar Town, Polk county.
The Bar of Savannah, at a meeting held Wed-
day, protested against tho appointment of the
negro Simms, as District Jndgo of that district..
They contend that the court cannot be organiz-
ed until the Senate confirms the nomination of
the Judge —the Governor having power only to
fill a vacancy by appointment, bnt they ask the
bar of this country to unite in tho resolution to
resist by all legal means the imposition upon this
district of any officer claiming his office in vio
lation of the constitution and lawa,
Your committee forbear to express any opin
ion as to the course of-the Executive of Georgia
in endeavoring to force npon an intelligent and
a law abiding community an incompetent and
obnoxious individual as tho occupant of a high
and responsible office, because they consider it
beneath the dignity of the bar of Georgia to
treat otherwise than with contempt the' efforts
of the present incumbent of the Executive chair
to lower the position of their profession, or to
bring into disrepute the character of the Judi
ciary of Georgia. ‘
Geology, MUncralogy, etc., ot Georgia.
In about six weeks Dr. M. T. Stephenson, of
Gainesvdle, will issue an important practical
and scientific work, accompanied with map3 and
geological charts, and designed to place before
the world something like a complete view of the
wonderful natural resources of. Georgia. The
Doctor is eminently qualified for the task, not
only by mere scientific attainments, but by long
residence and Close observation in this State,
and by the practical pursuits of a mineralogist,
having been for a long time and many years
ago, As'sayer of the mint at Dahlonega, and" by
subsequent close observation and study of the
geology of th8 State, in connection with her
different mineral formations and entire natural
phenomena.
But for the abrupt termination of the last
Lagislature this for!looming work would have
received the endorsement of that body, and
some aid in its publication; but the Legislature
did request him to secure tho publication in the
German language of 5000 copies for the use of
immigrants. It is now being printed by private
subscription, and the Doctor is in Macon to se
cure some aid in the enterprise. - Very liberal
subscriptions have been made elsewhere. -!&>
give someddea of the scope and design of the
work, we append the heads of the chapters.
CHAPTEB I.—Introductory remarks—refer
ence to the metaliferous and agricultural re
sources of Georgia—her Gems and precious
Stones—the Skuppornong grape—Muscadine
and Mustang of Texas, distinct species and not
varieties—history, eto.
CHAP. II.—Formation of the American Con
tinent, and the age of the different geological
sections of Georgia, and their relation to other
countries.
CHAP. III.—Geographical divisions of tho
State; fossil remains in the tertiary and creta
ceous formations; “Lower, or South;” climate;
seaports; railroad communications between the
seacoast and tho Great West and North; phos
phates ; Live Oak; Sea-Island cotton, etc.
CHAP. IV.—Middle Georgia;” civil and geo
logical divisions; reference to mountain; Blue
Eidge; cotton Balt for “uplands;” factories in
Augusta and Columbus; temperature of weath
er; peach culture; “Dorn Mine Gold Belt;” gale'
na, copper, precious stones, oldest fossils on
earth, agalmatolite, coal on Deep river, North
Carolina.
CHAP. V.—“Dorn Mine Gold Belt;” differ
ent processes for working gold ores; the Aras-
ta; smelting furnaces; Bussian process; Dixon
Compound.
CHAP. VI.—“North Georgia”; population,
railroads, geological and geographical divisions;
“Northeast Georgia;” temperature; altitude of
the bench lands and valleys; State Boad; Bain-
fall; cost of railroads, eto.
CHAP. VII.—“Fannin County and Duck-
town Copper Mines;" iron, marble, tale, prima
ry formation; Iron Mountains; waterpower
Cashmere Goat; Stone Mountain; Koko Creek
Gold Field and Diamonds; Nacooehee Mines.
CHAP. "VIH. Quality of Gold in Georgia,
true’ and segregated veins; Loud Mine octo-
hedral chrystals of gold; the Geologist Werner;
Sir B. "Murchison’s theory of the origin of gold
•false; Potosi Mine Hall county.
CHAP. IX. Hydraulic Works; Yahoola Com
pany; Nacooehee Valley; source of the Savan
nah river; Tennessee; Eabun Gap; asbestos,
calcedony, and carnelian; Tallula Falls; Yokoa;
Habersham county; “Harris Lode.” •
CHAP. X. “Diamond Mines” of Hall county;
price—mode of washing for them; cutting and
setting; Emeralds; Beryls, etc.
CHAP. XI.—Mica in Hall county and Western
N. C.; marble, soapstone, cellular quartz equal
to corundum; zircon, monazite, rntile, gold,
silver, lead, iron; Lumpkin county gold mines;
hydraulic works; Chestatee .river; “Boly
Field’s vein;” Tetrady mite—Karrisite; ama
thyst; topaz.
CHAP. XH.—“Northwest Georgia;” climate,
altitude, coal and iron, mountains; Tennessee
river; Nickojack Cave; Slate Quarry in Polk
connty; fish of North Georgia.
CHAP. XIIL—Education; common school
system; University and Colleges; endow
ments; exalted code of morals; Macon Female
College; LaGrange and the Masonic Female
College at Covington; Georgia, the first State,-
or Nation, in the world that bestowed upon-wo-
man that high character; Medical Colleges.
CHAP. XIV.—Flora and fauna of Georgia;
wire-grass, bermuda grass; birds’ mammalia;
fish; reptiles; crime ; Atlanta.
CHAP. XV.—Groat Coal andiron Begion of
Northwest Georgia; Cumberland and Lookout
mountains ; Iron fields of inexhaustible capac
ity and superior quality; water-power; agricul
tural recources; caves and artificial chambers
cut out of the solid rook; manufactures; Mc-
CHAP. XVI.—Relic3 of Antiquity; “Mound
Builders;” Aztecs; foot-prints, sculptures; En-
chantedMountain; DeSoto’s expedition through
Georgia in search of gold; his tragic end; mis
sionaries ; Nacoochee’s death; mommies in Ken
tucky.
CHAP. XVH.—Canals; religions denomina
tions; meteorological tables; production of
Georgia and tho United States in 18GS; negro
churches; table of railroads chartered in 1870;
Elrod Mine; population of the United States ;
of Georgia; Iron works; maps and profiles.
CHAP. XVIH.— New counties; chemical
analysis of gems—pastes, etc.
orUer. Glory of the
s, January 24th, A Washington correspondent A
V The Seating ot Corker.
In House of Representatives, Jannaij ^ uaamogion correspond
Mr. Young presented the credentials of Stephen Tribune, exultinn to , c ‘ «**>!
A. Corker, member elect from the Fifth Con- I .. . . J® *™ glare and W
gressional District of Georgia, and moved that I nc Louit m Washington, mat*,
he be sworn in. " 1 from which we take thTf »
Mr. Butler objected, and presented a memo- Court of King Solomon in 1,
rial of Thomas C. Baird, contestant,. claiming Mme but evidently n „.’•! m lls J
the seat, and moved that the subject be referred I. — y . ® reater than ScZ!'
to the Committee on Elections. writer 13 describing a * *
Tho credentials of Mr. Corker were in due Levee: 0
form and signed by Governor Bollock. Having Early on tho appointed «««•
been read, Mr. Brooks of New York contended j mony, the White Hon<» M-'.r'P.Sof 6
Tho Speaker decided that, while in the organ- I asunder, wraps are surrendered 011
ization of the Honse, it was the duty of the buries his friends, expected r 016 ^
clerk to place on the roll members who held again, and suddenly a crowd tofc e
proper credentials, after the organization, the a hundred hands, and frill and w ^
question became one Which was nnder control and ribbon, are crushed in n?
of the majority. I which drags you through four
Mr. Bandall suggested that it depended en- work yourself free in the Bed u° rwaj8 fit,
tirely on the politics of the man holding the ere- immense portrait of the PreSd ^
dentials. laces you till you can look at S !^\_
Mr. Butler sent to the Clerk’s desk end had the Blue Boom. l£10 tea ' attijj
read a notice of the contest, claiming that the The Blue Boom is one clare t
election was carried by fraud and intimidation. | and gold and white multiplied r ® '
He also sent to the Clerk’s desk and had read an mirror, and wonderful sconces
extract from a Democratic paper of Georgia—- over the soft blue carpets theimL i 8 ^
the Chronicle, of Augusta—detailing an outrage stands of flowers, and the splendvi
of the Kuklux in breaking into a jail, taking out Your name is called, your hand • massb ^sL
seven prisoners, cutting off their ears and shoot-1 pair of vacant eyes look over
ing another prisoner. He called on Union-loving I behind, you have passed the Presi*
men, on eitberside of the House; tosay whether, parition of Hamlet’s mother in i H
with such allegation*, and with proof appended, jewels is the President’s wife • a cr Jz* ■h
Butts’ New Slap of Georgia.
Within the past year Mr. Butts thrice sus
pended the printing of his Map of Georgia to
make corrections required either by new legis
lation or by tho rectification of errors discov
ered through careful investigation- of Stato
statutes and other public records. • He believes
now ho has secured a map of Georgia positively
correct np to latest dates, containing the true
boundary lines of every county ia the State—
old and new—the designation of every lega*
subdivision of land in the Stato, and the cor
rect route of every railway completed or located
by final surveys. The map is printed and col
ored np to the latest advance in the art3, and is
offered for sale as per advertisement in this
number of the Telegraph.
Some backwoods politician on Monday pre*
seated President Grant with a magnificent car
riage robe, made of jaguar, wolf and fox skins,
with the heads, logs and tails of the animals in
tact. It is valued at $300. Neither the name
of tho office nor the salary attached, have as yet
transpired.
Olive Logan says to the white men of this
country: * ‘Since you haye swallowed the negro,
I think it pretty hard indeed if yon can’t go the
white woman as far as yonr lips.” She actually
wants ns to kiss those female suffrage-shriekers!
Good heavens!—here, waiter, half a dozen more
negroes on the half-shell!—Courier-JoUrier.
The testimony of a daughter of the parties to
a recent Indiana divorce suit seems conclusive:
“Father got mad because mother starched his
stockings. Mother picked np the stockings and
hit father on the head with them, and it sounded
as though they were sticks of wood. Father
then stuffed a hot wheat cake down mother’s
tbroqt, then mother set the dog on father, and
twisted thb dog’s tail to make him bite harder.” I
they would seat the member until the matter I ray-of fine ladies appal you withramthu
was inquired into. Sealing him now would end and pearls, with a “Worth’s” dr^
the whole contest, as testimony could not be | colored silk point lace and diatnfTs tf
taken and the qnestion decided before the term j rainbow of blue" and black ami ■me’
of tho present Congress. It would bo some fabrics; and Mis3«Nellie Grant 8
sort of sanctioning and ennobling a crime. The I with her pretty hair-down her bat
Honse should recollect that the District in qnes- around the parlors, now confronts xa ^
tion was the home of. Alexander and Linton and rolls and pink satin paniers “ 0n ' nt * 1 P
Stephens who are now unrepentant rebels. I You are borne along by the crowd
Mr. Jones, of Kentucky, inquired whether the gloomy Green Boom to the
the-Democratic paper referred to did not con- J the East Boom. This is the onlv T* 6 ®
demn the outrage, and whether anybody was re-I mob have. They make the moft ®
sponsible for it except the Eadical Government goodly share of an acre—they have ft V"
of Georgia. of red curtains at the window the hrm-uN
Mr. Butler retorted that Democratic papers gold cornices above them; they have t -1
usually condemned these outrages, but never I portraits of all their chief public servant^
wanted the criminals to be brought to justice, pannels between the square-rods of loS.
Ho referred to the declaration of the Memphis that reflect themselves; hugechanddi
Appeal that tho Federal Government was a fes- with a thousand pendants and a thooaMpS
tering, reeking corpse. above them, and because base-born
Mr. Jones remarked that he conld produce crowds tread on bare marble floors the 2"
emanations of the same character from Wendell on theirs a Inf ted velvet woven on a eneSii!
Phillips and other Badicals. covered" with an infinitude of all theim™*
Mr. Young said the remarks of Mr. Butler scrolls and leaves with which des ; me~V
were only a repetition of tho stale, old story of how to torment the eye, and-walk wioi *
Southern outrages. He might send up tho Po- the biggest carpet in tho world. Thnsr
lice Gazette to show tho stato of society in the like the medley in a vast kaleidoscope atLi
Northern States, but those wero stories with that might puzzle any celestial obserTertil
some exaggerations. He claimed that tko.elec- its object in circling round and round ard*--]
tion was fairly conducted, and that Corker had to the blare of the bugles and ophicleidesh^
received over 6,000 majority. There had been hall. 0
United States soldiers stationed ia every pre- j
cinct in the District, so that there conld not I Tlie Mormons on 3Ialriinonj,
have been any intimidation. Eev. Dr. Newman, who, as Chaplain
Mr. Niblack inquired whether tho whole Exe- Senate, intermitted last smnm«r his ™
cutive power in Georgia, bothState and nation- .. **
al, and almost all judicial power, was not in the p 0 P ra ^ 0 Radicalism np
hands of members of the [Republican party. | Democracy down, in order to fight poly;
Mr. Young—Every bit of it. rEutah, has thi3 to say aboul it in the
Mr. Niblack—Then the fault lies at the door j which he is now^eliverin ff
of Republican officials instead of at the door of Entering Salt Lake Citythere are two obj
Democrats. . „ , [which cannot fail to attract instant atta
Mr. Butler remarked that in the case of the They aro the Tabernacle"and residence oi
outrages alluded to the State officials had done baja Young. The former building cost fei
their duty, having these menm prison ; they q00. It is 250 feet long and 150 feet Vi
were there in execution of the law and were I T he ceiling is 65 feet high, and forming a**
taken out against execution of the law. broken arch, is the largest self-supportinca
Mr. Kerr argued in support of the right of Mr. in America. There aro three kinds of msra
Corker to be sworn in. in Eutah—tho actual, the spiritual and ties
Mr. Coburn reminded him of the recent action stantiaL By the actual is meant the nan
of the Indiana Senate in depriving a member of I which is solemnized by actual ceremony,
his scat. • ..... spiritual marriage is carried into the B
Mr. Kerr disclaimed all knowledge of tho facts World. For instance, if a woman has a his
of that case, bnt had no donbt that the action I whom she does not like, and sees a man 1
of tho Senate was justified by facts. she prefers, she marries him with the 1
Mr. Farnsworth supported the absolute right standing that the issue of this latter mai
of the person holding the proper credentials to I jg to belong to the former husband in He
be sworn in where nothing is alleged against I But we come to the deeper - iniquities of 9
his qualifications. He did not want to make a j Mormon marriage when we approach (lies
precedent now which would return to plaguo stantiaL It is the theory of the Mom
them-hereafter. . Church that a man’s exaltation aild glory*,
Mr. Dawes was afraid that the representations depend upon the size of his family. Whal
of his colleague, Mr. Butler, as to the condition I Mormon saint dies big glorification is am
of Georgia were true ; but that, at the same J and he is therefore permitted to elect a s
time, tf anything had been settled from the be- t ute with the condition that the issns shsdt
ginning of Congress to the present day, it was considered his in the Eternal World. Thisfoc
that a certificate which a member brings from I of marriage is carried to such an extent that J
his State in conformity to the law entitles him, Mormon woman in Utah in the nineteenth# 1
as a prima facie case, to admission, except on luty believes she can be sealed to Father I
allegations against his eligibility. I Jirim, though married to another man, niiltl
Tho motion offered by Mr. Butler, to refer the offspring be those of the Patriarch bimselt
credentials and memorial of the contestant to Unlike the Monogamist,-the Polygamist 1
the Committee on Elections, was rejected. j no home. If he wonldretireatnighttothctos
Mr. C^iker then presented himself, and was I of his[family, the question is, which fnm3jd
sworn in. j he goto? [Laughter.] Those in better cm
. . _. . stances keep each wife in a separate hoi
Diamond Di B gin a s in Gcor.ill. while Brigham Young, the Prince of Pdjr"
Questioning Dr. Stephenson, of Hall county, J mists,_ from his immense wealth, keeps!
whose book is noticedin this edition, about the those two structures, the “LionHr.*|
.. . .. . . [ and the “Bee Hive. He believes m the si;
diamond diggings m that connty, he says that tfiat » variety is the gp ica of life .» At thisp
the geological formation where tkeso diamonds j the speaker presented a humorously-drawn
are found, is apparent in Gwinnett, Hall, Banks turo of Brigham’s thirty wives—ages,
and Habersham counties, in which latter it " complexions and dispositions. The M(
. . , . - - -vt .1. v — | women, ho continued, are divided into
sinks and crops ont again in North Carolina and clasaes-tha acquiescent, the stoical and
Virginia, in all of whioh valuable diamonds I termagant. The first have gone to Utahn,
have been discovered. In Hall, about forty I matter of religion. In some instances " "
have beenfound,but the mostvaluable have been ^eir reb'gions scrnplqs, they consent to
destroyed or lost through ignorance of their char- ^jvraof 1 ^their'“busbara^ 2 Them are *
acter and value. Some negroesbxoke one worth j however,-who refuse to become wifi
a hundred thousand dollars to pieces, to see Surrounded with a public opinion not fa'
what it might be. A fanner describes one which g^bbath * f with^ no• °faco^to* 11 y ^o^these
was given to him thirty years ago, and used by I women, weary in heart, abandon tbemsslvc
himself" as a child and his boys subsequently for [a stoioal indifference. Bat there are ot!"
a middle man in marbles; bqt it was lost abont I are neither acquiescent nor stoicaL i
the place six months ago, and they aro hnnting s ^® rner stuff, they are termagant *
» .. •»- ... , . . .. , I breeds anger, anger engenders hatred,
font now. Nothing was known abont its value — - & 0 0
until similar stones were pronounced to be dio-
monds, and then tho farmer knew that he and
his boys had been playing marbles with a dia-
moditate3 revenge.
How the American Minister in Pabe
cetves ma Dispatches.—The Paris co
mond which, from description, the Doctor thinks ent of the World tells how Washbume rfiX-'-l
must be worth half a million dollars, and be one his dispatches every Tuesday, from the T--
of the most valuable gems in the world. The I States: • J
Doctor says that labor and capital only are need- ^ 10 L es actly, trumpets sonn
ed to prove that these diamond fields in Georgia toe whitoftjgh* raised. A Gef I
surpass in value those of Brazil, and are equal officer in full dress comes forward to the taj*
to any in tho world. Diamonds have also been arch of tho bridge, gives the military
found, as the reader knows, in Bartow county, jnd says to the French officers who fp j
in this State. " him they standing on tho right or eastern u
1 of the broken arch :
“Gentlemen, I have the honor to j
you my salute.” The latter reply: „
“Sir, we have the. honor to salute yon.
“Gentlemen, I havethehonor toinfenajjl
Horrible,
The Monticello, (Fla.,) Advertiser, of the
20th, says: ■ mimu, *
We do not remember, an instance in the an- | m y mission is to place inyour hands itr-
nals of crime, in Jefferson county, exceeding in I hume’s dispatches.”
coldblooded, deliberate villainly the attempt. Sir, we are going to have the honor
made on last Thursday night, to destroy by for them.”
fire, Mrs. T. J. Eppes and her six little chil- Each gives the other the military »»->■>£
dren. ' to his end of the bridge, and walks “ow
The evidence, as we have just heard it given Bte P s leading to the river bank. " J' g*
before Judge Grunwell, as committing magis- B ® nt * off a" boat, cross the river, p 11 ”. ^- c ;-
trate, is, that at abont 5 o’clock a. li. on Thnrs-1 dispatches from the hands of the w>
day last, Mrs. Eppes’ agent and some of her ® er> The military-salute is again _
faithful servants were-awakened by the screams Each returns to his respective trencas,^ ^
of Mrs. E. and the other inmates of her house, 1 88 re- opened the instant the
and,. on leaving their houses, they discovered er e(L t
that the residence of Mrs. E. was in" flames. Tll _ mu ‘‘Jvise Elections*
When they reached the house they wereinform- _ ® B1 “ to Sn P ervIse . ^,0
ed by Mrs. Eppes that she - had been waked by I Ths World expresses the opinion um
the screams of a lady who occnpied a room very will pass Congress and i
near her own, ahd that she. barely had time to to rescue the ballot from tho .
escape with her children from "the burning of the party conspirators.' TheNewYorkEr=-"l
building. If the inmates had slept fifteen mm- . _ \ " .--at the WI
utes longer the most horrible of deaths would 1D SEost, (Bepubhoan) protests g I
have been theirs. The incendiaries were three I es follows: . »„ cassia I
negroes. Isaao Grey, Scipio Grey and , Congress is to he asked, r ’ ;[■ a th« £ r : I
Clark are in custody, and will, we hope, meet J? which U. S. officers shall sup r jl
with the punishment they so riohly merit. tionsin ttie bouUiem States. Mgg&n
1 gross, and hateful, and dangerous inre ,.. I
•D t, -n t» ., .. i cure the evils of which these Southern "«j|
. Black and Blue Eyes.—Bronson Alcott, a cans complain? What they hope to
somewhat noted. New England literateur has course, is political power; but how long
been giving a series of “conversations” in they keep it, unless they manage
Chicagoand among other topics discussed ™s StteiaSrenco^to let ^ ”
that of b_ack and blue eyas. We quote as fol- . an( j to that, they musl
low«: I ties. . They should be the first to ^^1
general and immediate removal of pou“ . jjl
OJ OO , IUO UOI11 M OUiUlUg uuuugii—GUI WUU it I «*UU OTUAJ OvUwlUv *W* ww-q-- , ■
mellow lustre shining through, there’s fire ference in the local governments of tn t «l
there, subordinated by the affections. They era States; and they must rememoe
are, I take it, the practical people—the com- U. 8. government cannot put a cor P° " I
forters." Mary or Martha, whioh is it ?—she who I at the door of every Southern memo • ■
attended to the domestic business—she must I
have had black eyes; the other must have had [
blue eyes. Sho couldn’t keep house, but there’s
her place.” Blue eyes, ho thought, had a eeles- j Mlctitors '1 ehegrapn ana Mesacriyy • ^ a kv |
Attention, Jones and MBS* -
ner piace." ruue eyes, no moagat, nau. a ceies-i Editors lelegraph and Messenger, . ^ ^
tial lustre. They might be Bafely trusted, the Preston, of Crawford oonnty, butchen
applicationsbeing.thei same for ladies. “ ’Tis tUs season, two years, two months and 5
said,” he added, “that the next Satan will be B niched 683 pound 3 ?;.
Shell have apair of black oyes, Itake teen old, which weighed WP
u. a aon’t say that blue eyes are always and 602 pounds nett. It was of
saints, or black the others—whom we won’t “com crib stock." Don’t that beat J
mention.” l Jasper? - " C ^,,
Miss Sarah L. Joy, who .wrote np Blanche I Destructive Storm.—The damage^ ^.
Battler's wedding for the Boston.Post, now gets railroads leading out from Chicago
1,600 a year to write exclusively for “Our So- country round by the late two days 6
iety.” 1 estimated at three to five millions.