Georgia weekly telegraph and Georgia journal & messenger. (Macon, Ga.) 1869-1880, December 19, 1871, Image 1
' I Ol ( l»V)vgil ofc tnnl pisT \lHiISHEt) 1S26. Mary Magdalene. .tiEicr n»x losgfsliAw’s new roz*. unsatisfied, forlorn, 1 «■ # * J fa.Uis lonely tower, and look .. l3 “fce bolow me, and tho Mis » fP 08 with beat, and eeo as in d^ision P^SS 1 ; unroll itself before mST-' ] iSwr"* the mercbante come to me, llWP^T."/Trro and rrincss of Damascus, disappear, and are no more'; i=lP“ , their merchandise ana jewels H ^•^tfomes. and their gold, and their dtagost. " ISKb, and tbc vety memory of them I loathe thouabt of food to ope *, -_ k 0C V®hSe lutduos figa of Daimauutha!. ’ . H ci!? »h,r.-sfter. in the long bereaftn 1 . " « * A W* !y or p.in, or Joy lb pain,. .*» ;fJ RSS punishment to ik> with them h .SlJmw and decropid in their sins, . - „ T Tnou haat brotigLt us herd, , - I^bbM ne asthou hast been of old! ^ f . . cirmcnta fact I wear. Hook nr n thee0 embroideries, and they eoem SimWMieuU capped about my limbs! these rings thick set with pearls, M&l and ameibjst and jasper, if tuv are burning cos’* npon my flesh! A: , ; ipt nt on my wrist becomes alive! i«T tbon riper! and away, ye garlands, i&Vodors Ming the swift remembrance back unhallowed reve’a m those chambers! r...—tsrdaT—and vet it seems to me like a pathetic song long ago by minhtrosintuc^not-- Stteaurdav, as from this tower I gazed, Si:,ha olive and the walnut trees jog labs and the white chips, and wondered '\Btber and wbenci they steered, and who was in v kb'rVboit drew near tho landing place Codtr the oleahders, and the people Came op irum it, and passed beneath the tower, rw under me. In front of them, as leader, ffsllte i one of noble aspect, clothed in white, ffho lifted np bis eyes and looked at me, indsli at once the air seemed filled and living Vtb s mvstodous power, that eeemed from him, iad ovi-rdoived me with an atmosphere 0( light and love. As one entranced I stood, AaJ »!;-■’! I woke again, lo! ho was gone; [i 3 tut I «iid: 1’dihaps it is a dream, lilt from that very hour the seven demons jfjtUJ habitation in this body ffyebmen call beantifcfl, departed from mo! I Tip morning, when tho first gleam of tho dawn Hide I.-tenon a glory in the air, ltd ul below was dat knees. I beheld lo icgel or a f pit it glorified, f ub wind-toeaed gai merits walking on the lake. Tie face I could nut see, but I distinguished Tie attitude and gesture, and I knew Toe he that healed me. And tho gusty wind ttroorlii to mine ears a voice, which seemed to say ft/goo l cheer! "Tial! Be not afraid! iidtrum the darkness, rcarcely heard, the anwer: It it be tbou, hid mo come onto thee Upon tie water! And the voice said: Come! hi tli n I heard a cry of fear: Lord, save me! h of a drowning man. After then the voice: % didst thou doubt, O thou of little faith ? At this ad vanished, and tho s'orm was hushed, isJ the great sun came np above the bills, Aid the ew ft-flying vapors hid them?elves hear.ms 'mong tho rocks! OI most find him lad follow lhm, and be with him forever! Aceldama. JUDAS ISCABIOT. .Oleine Tragedy," by Longfellow.] Lost; lo 11 foreve- lost! I have betrayed The innocent blood! O God! if thon art love, TLt di mi thon leave me naked to the'tempter ? Whjdida tbou not commission tby swift lightning Tottuke me iiead ? or why did I not perish With tboto try Herod e ain, the innocent children IVto w.ut with playthings in their llft'e hands Into ilw duknefS of the other world As if to b ? Or wherefore was I bom, :i I!thu in thy foreknowledge didst *erceive All that l am. aod all that I mast be ? 1 know I am nit generous, am not gentle like other men hut I have tried to bo, And I have foiled I thought by following Him, I should grow In- Him: but the unclean spirit Bat from my childhood np hath tortured me, Hath h eu Mo cunning and too strong for me. Ant I to > lime for this ? Am I to blame Because I cannot love, and ne’er have knewn The loveo! worn in or the love of children? it is a curse and a fatality, A mark, that hath been set upon my forehead, That none shall slay me, for it were a mercy Bat I were dead, or never bad been bom. Icolate! too late! I shall not see him more Among the living. That sweet, patient face Kill never more rebuke me, nor those lips Repeat the words: One of yon shall betray mo! It Hung me into madness. How I loved, fct hated him! Bat >n the' other world! I will be there before him and will wait Cntii he comes, and fall down on my knees Aid kiss his feet, imploring pardon, pardon! I beard b'm say: A11 sins shall be forgiven, Except the sin against tbo Holy Ghost. Bit shall not be forgiven in this world, Xor tn the world to come. Is that my sin ? Hare I offended eo there i- no hope Here nor hereafter ? That I eoon shall know. 0 God, havo mercy! Christ have mercy on me! (Throws himself headlong from tho cliff.] The Bond BUI. Dunne the debate on the passage of this bill over Conley's veto, our Senator, Hon. Tho* J. Stantons, chairman of the Senate Finance Com mittee, made, as we learn, a very strong and effective speech, which we regret was not re ported at length in some one of the Atlanta pspere. We find the following abstract of it in the Cbroniele and Sentinel of Tuesday. It was scat by the Atlanta correspondent of that paper: Mr. Simmons, of the Finance Committee, said Bat the members of that committee were so Barful of committing error in what has been Sported to the bouses of tho Legislature, that Be most expert and respectable financial men within reach of the committee had been con- silted, and their most unqualified approbation was passed npon what they had embodied in the kill which was then in review before them and *hich had fallen under the Executive veto. The Message was a most remarkable document and >a insult to the Legislature. It almost, in so iany words, accused Senators and members of i design to repudiate engagements of the State, lad blacken tho fame of Georgians. The Sen- Hot said the Finance Committee had before them the Treasurer of the State, and he was xdeed to declare before them what the debt of the State was, and bis reply should never be forgotten: “Neither I, nor any other man on ■ i-'-'. cun answer thut qnestion.'' Why is the fconor of the State to be blasted by the disavowal °t a rascally claim on it, or by the refusal to ao- Jaowledge a demand that is utterly fraudulent? Do men suffer in the public opinion who thus Protect themselves ? It is tho plea of robbers and Be confederates of robbers that, let it be as it cay, demands most bo acknowledged and fiid, simply for fear of the evil fame of repu- ^iators. Why is our credit now trailed in the dust? Let the men who have run not with Beir power just slipped out of their bands, JEAker. The way to keep the credit of Geor- &i> where it has been brought by Radical mis- fo.«i8to pretend to. do what all sane men J® 0 * we cannot do—to pay the hnge mass of bonds, logal as well as fraudulent, which, dicker than the leaves of tho forest, are strewn brer the length and breadth of the laud. And tire a lutla Dutchman, who can’t speak plain, Eotces and publishes a letter, addressed to the ^ghlatnre, in one of our city papers, advis- ■K Da what to do to keep the honor and credit onr beloved State from disgrace. He would arise all intermeddlers and lobbyists, as he j-ansed this Dntohman, to pack their carpet- and get out of the way of gentlemen and of honor, who know their duty to them- and the pnblio, and mean to do it B looks like madness when the very Treas- tv himself cannot tell whether the ' State ^ ot w 17,000,000 or 25,000,000 to go on, and onr resolve to pay all claimants without any questions. This is repudiation Tnngeanoe, and gentlemen had better Bis in time. , Mmcm Buna appear to be going bad, bnt the letter writers prediet that the airista will whip them ont finally. They say aavez ig half Indian and has a strong hold lu , ettk. 1 ^ 4 Numerous population in Hexioo which ns Bet will secure his triumph. P- —— whieh pBfc we athers pursued, and which jxas | yped npon onr minds in flqaost ine: characters. In the Western world, where density of the population has invoked the i . of science, far its amelioration and sustenance, IflW* Telegraph and m&kigtf*- HaviJa MTMiende aafi*rt of agriculture are taught in been appointed by the Lee Gfranty^AferienlfcjwJ* (dodols auppottedby gowramenthl .patronage, Society a: 'committee' to< rel —mm j&furhistfy WpB Dr.JartMte orjTffeat --her 1*4 and nted author to JBpMUtyTwe take yo&'his 4MMI tiSt' etical planter lonations of money are ; for the maintenance of agric berg, Baden and Sweden 1; making a totalraf! 2C, eftt«Qy *ugtained by. and operating in the interests of the agnonltnrjsts of those coun- of the State, we are, veiy respectfully, Feed H. West, W. A. Jones, J. P. Graves, Committee. tsocieiy on tne ^Jm aayor hgjrgK, prevailed upon the comply with the wishes pleasure in' frinamittinj Ipubpcatidn.. 'Url"SwV& _ _ __ ,- 0 and his suggestions ar^i'the • rAiVlts of practiced ttiea. These htatioHB rgiro constant employ- experiments and entitled to the highest con- meat to CO chemists and vegetable phvsiolo- sidcration. Hoping that yon'wiH publish this gtsta, of whom a large number are occupied address for the benefit of the planting interests j largely or exclusively with theoretical investiga- I tions, while the work of others is devoted to more practical matters, as testing the valne of commercial manures. In Germany especially, are the beneficial effects visible, of this aohemo j of agricultural process. It is said that in fonr- teen years North Germany added ia round num- Gestlemen :—We have assembled on this in- bers one million to her population. The causa teresting occasion not merely for the ex- of this is attributed to the systematic course of change of the social amenities of life, bnt for agricultural instruction of the farming popula- giving encouragement to the great cause of ; tion of Germany. The splendid results of this agricultural industry; that cause which above ' scheme of agricultural progress, so elaborately all others is vital to every interest which con- ! and snccessf ally carried ont, are patent to every- cerns us as individuals as well as a community. ! one who has marked the course of events daring The great changes that have been accomplished | the last eighteen months. An immense army in onr political, social, and pecuniary condi- , was equipped and amply sustained during its tion, demand onr earnest attention to every of- ! triumphant and almost unmolested march into fort that will contribute to tho restoration of \ tho heart of one of the proudest and most our fallen fortunes, as well as for the recovery powerful nations of the earth, and whose pres- of onr once enviable position in the councils of tige for valor and military renown rose resplen- the nation. The exalted genius of onr states- ' dent above that of almost every other nation, men and orators hasbeen acknowledged through- France now lies prostrate at the feet of the out the world. Once we were a great peo- German Empire. In the agricultural colleges pie, not only in the superior intellectual attain-1 and schools, natural 'philosophy, mechanics, meats of our representative men, in our high ! physiology and chemistry, and their applioation social refinement, and in the development of the ' to agriculture are taught in a two year’s course; highest type of civilization presented by any | and these principles are indelibly impressed peoplo, but the inexhaustible resources of our upon the young farmer by witnessing, as well as fertile country and her immense wealth con- practicing, their application in the details of his tribnted greatly to the maintenance of that po-! art, while the crops are growing. So he oom- litical supremacy that supplied the nation with ] mences his career in life with a mind well dis its rulers for so many years, and gave lnstre to > ciplined and enriched with a wealth of prinoi- tho escutcheon that commanded the admiration ' pies and facts which impart precision and cer- of the civilized world. May we not hope that tainty to all of his plans and efforts. onr sun which has so long been obsenred by clouds dark and portentous, will once more dis pel the gloom which has overshadowed ns, and relight onr hearts with beams of prosperity and joy? But how is thi3 much desired change to be accomplished ? Not by a resort to the dread arbiti ament of the sword, followed in its march by blood and carnage, devastation and fire, bnt by the omnipotent power of popnlar education, The formation of soil was originally com menced by the disintegration of rook, throngh the action of air and moisture. The surface of the rock becomes comminnted into the smallest particles, often imperceptible to the naked eye. Some of the lowest oxdets of vegetation spring upon its surface, mature, and perish, and fur nish a thin stratum of vegetable matter, for the eupport of a higher order of plants. These, in their turn, die, and are succeeded by a still and popular refinement, and the invincible 1 higher order of vegetation, and the gradation enginery of restored wealth. The basis of our ; in the vegetable kingdom goes on step by step, wealth lies in tho proper development of our until, after the lapse of centuries, a fertile soil resources in soil, climate, the precious metals, substitutes the original barren rock. Soils are minerals, and inexhaustible water-power. It divided into sedentary, or soils in place, and becomes ou r special duty to spend our ener- alluvial, or drifted soils. The former remain gies in tho advancement and perfection of onr J seated where they were originally found; the system of agriculture. Yon have commenced i latter were formed by removal, throngh the th9 march of improvement in the right direc- J agency of drifting ice and snow, and by the tion, in the organization of a society, the avowed j washing of heavy rains, glaciers, and rivers, object of which, is agricultural progress. From Soils vary in quality, not only in their compar- his earliest childhood, trained np to a certain ! ative richness in organic matter, in the form of routine of labor, and accustomed to regard the | vegetable mould, but in their susceptibility of teachings of his ancestors as oracular, the perfect drainage, adhesiveness, looseness of farmer of all meD is often prejudiced against j texture, temperature, color and the character what he conceives to be innovations npon > of the mineral substances that underlie them, established principles, even where experience j Humu9 is formed by tbegradnal decay of leaves, attests the superiority of certain plans differing . twigs, roots of weeds and grass, and fallen from his stereotyped ideas. , ^jfouco, the re- trees, which have nndergono decomposition matk is not unfrequontly made of the progres- : above water. Fineness of the texture of soils,' sive, reflecting mind, who Is searching after j by the complete disintegration of its particles, trnih by the lights which intelligent research i is a quabty of primary importance. A pure has brought to bear upon agriculture, that such clay, by its great tenacity, is too retentive of a one is a theorizer, who accomplishes grand • moisture; on the other hand, a predominance results alone upon paper. But is it not true of sand allows moisture to pass off too rapidjy. that every farmer, however illiterate, has a cer- j The presence of lime in soils, neutralizes acid- tain theory in his mind by which he works ? He ity, gives adhesiveness to sandy lands, aids in deduces certain facts from observations, made i the decomposition of vegetable matter, and to in witnessing the effects which follow definite ] a moderate degree, imparts nutriment to most causes. The impressions made npon his mind, i plants, and it materially promotes the solution however, are often vague and unsatisfactory, | of mineral matters. So then the union of clay, becanse he is nnable to interpret facts sand, and lime, in definite proportions, forms except by tho slow process of oft-repeated 1 the basis of the most valuable of all soils. Sandy experiments conducted during lengthened pt>ri- ' land radiates caloric, or parts with its heat very ods of time. Theory is bnt a deduction from [ slowly, at night, after having been exposed to facts, and the man of letters interprets facts by the scorching rays of the sun, during the day. his knowledge of the laws of nature, which shed i On the other hand, soils of close texture cool their illuminating influence npon every step of ! rapidly, and other things being equal, enable his investigations.' His cultivated imagination 1 vegetation lo endure drought much better, and disciplined mind gathers ideas which never j Having obtained a soil with proper chemical are presented to the unlettered mind. He gen- : and mechanical qualifications for successful til- eralizes these principles, and in applying them | lege, its fertility and absolute valuo are depend- deduces certain facts which bear the impress of | ent upon its comparative richness in vegetable estaolished truth. The chemist, for instance, matter; and the attainment of the maxium will snbject a few ounces of soil to mioroscopic , amount of its crop valuation will depend npon examination, and from the peculiar formation the degree of skill with which it is cultivated, of its particles, and its chemical reactions, is A proper understanding of the art of collate enabled to attest the nature of the rock from presupposes some acquaintance with the struo— which it was originally formed, and its peculiar 1 ture and functions of the plant which is the ob* adaptation to v the growth of certain agricultural ject of cultivation rph “ a,th “ plants. The uneducated mind arrives at a sim ilar conclusion by deductions derived from years of actual cultivation of the soil. Becanse certain expeoted results are not accomplished in working ont a theory, it only shows that the theory itself was imperfect, and at first not clearly defined in the mind of the investigator. Correct theory always works ont legitimate and The seed, stored with an abundance of nutritions matter for the support of the plant until it is enabled to extend its roots and expand its leaves for self'Sustenance, swells and bursts its cuticnlar envelope, sends forth its roots and shoots np its stem, to com* mence the work of growth and development. Through the medium of the sap the elements of nutrition received from the roots are eon- VVAACbb tUCUAJT (UWBJO nUAOO WUb “UlA . certain results, Franklin, when conducting veyed to the leaves to undergo a process of di electricity from the clonds, probably had not tho faintest conception of the varied applica tions of his grand discovery, which have been made by subsequent investigators, to the vari ous mechanic arts. John Fulton, when he made the application of steam power to the looomo- tion of an insignificant oraft, would have been overwhelmed with emotion oould he have looked gestion for assimilation or conversion to the different tissues of the plant. The leaves have the faculty of decomposing the elements of the atmosphere, and appropriating to the use of the plant what is wholesome and nutritious, 8nd returning to the air what is useless or ob* noxious. Pari passu with tho growth of the plant the roots extend in number, and go out in ng. It wotfld be interesting and instructive to these dilfimfit topics, but jection. >e the subject of a separate ibtat, therefore/pass on, and into fntnrity and eDjoyed but a faint glanoe at ' search of food, the operation of his principle in annihilating J What I wish especially to arrest your atien- space and time and revolutionizing society. So ; tion is the nnmber, quality and disposal of the has it been with every innovation, so called, i roots formed in comparison with the poverty which has been conspicuous in contributing to ' or fertility of the soiL When seeds germinate, man’s intellectual advancement and national roots are at first formed without reference to comfort and wealth. 'The idea, first faint and vague in its inception has been amplified in its application, until its beneficent operations are visible in the minutest ramifications of the in* dnstrial arts. .In the laboratory of the chemist is discovered the fact that certain elementary principles com- tho quality of the soil in which they are planted. When the plant arrives at a certain stage of de velopment, roots are formed in nnmber and quality according to the paucity or abundance of food with which they are supplied. Where the soil is naturally rich, or artificially made r r so, an immense nnmber of roots and rootlets pose all organic bodies. That the ash analysis are sent forth, extending comparatively bnt a of plants shows the existence of certain chemi-1 short distance from the plant cal snbstances that are neoessary to its vitality, . Yon have observed that when a hill of oorn or development and perfection. It is shown that cotton is manured in a circumscribed looality, these varions substances are found in variable ! the manure is matted with short fibrous roots quantities in different parts of the same plant, J almost infinite in number, whereas, the ad- end the chemist so manipulates his plant food jacent hill, a few feet distant, not fertilized, as to accomplish certain results in the growth , sends ont a comparatively few, long, slender, and maturity of tho plant. Physiology unfolds attsnustod roots, extending almost incredible the laws which govern the germination of the distances in search of food. ‘The roots of seed, its means of subsistence, and the influ- , com which in a rich and tenacious earth ex- ence of air, heat, light, moisture and electricity ! tend bnt two or three feet, have been traced to in its development It teaches the analogy I a length of ten or fifteen feet in a light, sandy which subsists between animal and vegetable soil.” Few in number and feeble inorganiza- organisms, and points ont the different kinds of tion, when once severed by the plow or hoe, it vegetable food best adapted to the health and ’ is with difficulty that they are replenished, and development of the animal, as well as that best the plant is checkod in its growth, and often adapted to the support of his different tissues. ' sheds its fruit. Where the soil is riob, the loss So in the grand arcana of Nature the searoher | of a few roots is scarcely felt, for in an lB- after truth discloses by the lights of science crdibly short time new roots spring up, as by new secrets that contribute to the physical com- magic, and the plant pursues its onward course fort of man, and expands his conceptions of the | of development without feeling the shock, infinity, wisdom and beneficence of that unseen J Plants have the faculty or decomposing salte hand that dispenses blessings to the unthinking of lime, potash, magnesia»nd iron,^lo«*n in an and unlettered mind of which, though Ignorant, Insoluble state in minerals imbedded In the he is the daily and hourly recipient. The eg-, earth, aod appropriating these alkalies, and ricultarist draws his resources from the caverns alkali earths to their own lisa. • ■r of the earth, the depths of the ooean, the invis- ! Agricultural science teaches ns that the pJttw ible air, and the bounteous soil, and yet he Is in its ash analysis is composed of various acids, often ignorant of the first principles employed alkalies, and salts, which are derived from de-' in utilizing these productions of nature. ( composed vegetable mhtter, as wM as from In many European countries, where neoes- J mineral substances in the soil. TheosMi in* sity demands the utmost capabilities of the soil, : gradients are shown to be for the support of the teeming millions of its growth and perfection ofthe population, we find that agriculture has reached indestructible to the procet^ __ ita hichest dearee of perfection; and this is . The art of culture oonsista, then, ia accomplished mainly bythediffasion of knowl- the plant with tha right kind of food,' edge among the masse* through the agency of use of mush mechanical means as will Agricultural schods sad college* conducted by men who have devoted the greater portion of wnfiemtojuft to its their lives to the application of scientiflo prln- capacity. Mid with the least itnpedtmen^ to its ciplea in the cultivation of the soll.Tfi'onr own perfeot development. Tins h* the sbondanoe^imd chcmmecs of land et aable subsoil, noting, and where^tofigcdUHwAdW-^-QiyrtA, hs to glean a itv^ttfod by ortBottug large lags has ^Hon'ofmoM 1 *^manor’ {SfoTagi area* of land, even with meagre returns per arties, by resting, rota on of mops, and m - life g« Him zfe cod gnlKan aemadbe anaesvew j **5*^ * jTt#a i baa n..:r O :.di rioqoi >di— li to iuisoXIcko<1 w* «. - „71 ri -aoo at ^tssase ai teaevaoe oJ b’-nov titatil m m| S|w • naiiiifi j gjj gchoval isticat-ioi e has euIwt </.vT I bwhatl ANh! Asm mow ,»Jodw * ?a j ai X&txoqei ai ogoatio retinal o2—jt.% DCS rating worn otti, ot natu jjiUoiir t,ui fo la* bison' judicious method of.'pto*] efrtility of soil* is bjr propan Different plants require vft« :ee of organic and inorganio mat- , Borne slants, such as peas, dover and lu cerne, demand a iiberal supply of nitrogen which they d raw largely -frbm the atmosphere and rain water, and therefore do not require,:to the soil oTWghly stimulating m'amues. derives its nitrogen in the Conti of ammonia, chiefly from the soil and very little from, tha air. Goto delights' in phosphoric r.uid, potash and at fair proportion of silicate of potash, to impart strength and durability to tha stalks. Cotton consumes bnt a small quantity of silica, but de lights to phosphoric acid, lime, potash, and a modicum of iron. Root crops flourish admira bly upon the phosphate of lime, ashes and land plaster, with a moderate allowance of am monia. By, therefore, becoming acquainted with the quality of the food required by differ ent plants, and observing their relative thrift npon the same soil, we are enabled to ascertain the special kind of fertilizer with which to sap- ply to each, and the principles which should govern ns. in the rotation of crops. A proper rotation of corn, cotton, peas and small grain, would greatly relieve our lands from the ex hausting effects of the plan usually pursued in this section of country, where resting and the application of appropriate manures is impracti- ble. It was formerly maintained, that plants have the faculty of excreting or throwing off into the soil matters which are nnesential or detrimental to their own growth, bnt which might be con sumed as healthy food by other classes of plants. More recent experiments, however, show that this may be trno to a limited extent, but to so insignificant a degree as to be of very little practical utility. By observing proper ro tation, however, according to the indications enunciated above, land that is not thoronghly worn ont may be materially benefited and main tained for many years in a condition of fair fertility, without the direct annual applioation of manures. In the older countries of the East, where the art of culture has reaohed its highest degree of perfection, it is said that two succes sive crops of a similar kind are seldom raised npon the same soil. Hence by skillfnl culture and judicious manuring the soil is made pro gressive^ to improve from year to year, instead of annually becoming more impoverished. The recuperation of land by resting, where the soil is naturally poor and devoid of much vegetable matter, is of doubtful utility, when we take into consideration the expense of keep ing up the fencing aronnd such land; for the amount of weeds and grass produced is so in significant that wo would hardly be repaid for th9 outlay in annual repairs. Wo should com mence to rest snoh land before it begins to fail, if we should hope to materially improve its con dition. On the contrary, land that was origin ally rich in vegetable mould, as well sb in min eral deposits, even when greatly exhausted by unremitting cultivation, very soon recovers a good degree of fertility; for although exhausted of its vegetable mould, the mineral treasures that lie imbedded in its bosom and upon its sur face enable it to aconmnlate a sufficient amount of vegetable matter to restore the bnmns which has been abstracted, and protect it from the leaching effects of heavy rains, as well as from intense solar-heat. Such lgnd naturally close in ite texture, a'ml hnvu-jllbeomet hard and al most impervious to water, by long continued close and dean tillage, very soon becomes soft and mellow, as well as enriohed in organic pro ducts. To derive tho full benefit of this system, it is necessary that cattle, and especially hogs, should not be permitted to pasture upon such land. The foundation of the palace of King Cotton, tha cornucopia tbut pours its golden treasures into the lap of the husbandman is manure. Ever since the great change in onr social, po litical and pecuniary condition, we have been striving to recuperate onr fallen, fortunes npon the plan pursued by onr fathers when they had absolute control of their laborers, and possessed a soil comparatively in its virgin state. _ The soaroity of money, the exorbitant rate of inter est demanded for its use, and the continued im- Doverished condition of the farming population, proclaim in no doubtful language that the pres ent system of management is wrong. Necessity compels us to resuscitate our exhausted soil, or we most be contented to become still more im poverished. How we can most economically and effectually accomplish this purpose is & mat ter of vital importance, which should command our earnest attention and most strenuons efforts. The object of manuring land is to return to it the potash, soda, lime, phosphorio acid, and ni trogenous materials, of whioh it has been de prived. This can be accomplished by turning under green crops, and by the use of &Ttifioial manures abounding in plant food. Flowing under green crops is preferable to the use of dry vegetation, because in the process of the decay of vegetable matter it parts with valuable gases. The sap, liko the blood to animals, im parts to the plant all the elements necessary for its nutrition and development. The seeds, twigs and leaves contain a larger proportion of nutritious elements than the bark and woody fibre. While growing, the roots of plants de scend below the surface into the subsoil, and extract from it inorganio matter. This enters into the stem, leaves and woody fibre, and the latter, when plowed under while green, become thoroughly incorporated in the surface soil, and in the process of fermentation and deoay, the resulting gases become diffused, form combina tions with other substances already present, and thus are retained and become a permanent source of nutrition to any subsequent crop. In stiff, tenaeious clay or lime land, the vegetable mat ter makes the soil more friable, facilitates the aooess of fresh air to the roots of plants, and in time of protraoted wet seasons favors the transit of excessive inundations from heavy rains. All sandy lands are also greatly benefitted by this prooess of manuring, becanse they so soon be come exhausted of all vegetable matter. Turn ing under green vegetable matter greatly econ omizes and intensities the notion of highly con centrated manures by causing the latter to part with their fructifying properties more slowly and gradually, thus feeding the plant during the whole period of its growth and development,— We should be careful to sow snoh seeds as will produoe the largest amount of vegetable matter in the shortest time, and which will be most read ily produoed by the soil to be renovated. Thus luoerne and mover would not be suitable for sandy land, because they require a liberal allow ance of potash, lime and phosphoric add, and a dae proportion of the elementa of ammonia for their growth and perfection. We would be compelled to supply thaee ingredient! artificially before wa coaid anoeeed in obtaining an amount of vegetable matter to be made available. For the thinner lands of this section, tbenseof rye and peas would be far pref erable, both of whioh crops can be sustained upon a comparatively ■mail quantity of nutritious food. Sow down a wop of rye to the fall, and when twelve inches high apply per sera 150 pounds of land planter, then plow under with the rye a crop of pea* When the Utter begine to farm ite fruit turn it under, sind about tha first of July, spread broadcast front 160 toS00pounds ofthe aeid phosphate of lim* and again aow with peat to be ploughed under at the same stage of its growth ae the former crop of pea* It is not advisable to watt mitt the pans art even half rip* beeauae when tbeplantta to full flewe* ftatabted with nutri. ttoea madter, whta* r *t a later ataga of ite de- wonld be transferred to the fruit, 1 hataUh the mggrtg*MBMP* of fsrtlliettic materials. By tafia pro earn of aoanmv iag, wan retain to the soil the elementa of nu trition wftk whioh it was originally supplied, is Its natural stag* and thus obtain a manure that is pasmaaant to its result* -Potato, Mata^ wag—aia t pki«rkii|iiMPf flwd talphwrie aeid, are afaeriutely mseismry for the life of agricultural plant* and the .illijOnrsli»vot-;zoqltetaB wfitaz ifrccidi (-tlut v. with reference to the theyahould be returned; if.not Tjqwg i-t ,ua t me equally neemsaiy for. When these elements qf bee* abetracteiL from $*§ dnltivutiaeaeM to. escribed method of green Boiling, either by orops harvested on to TnU< rJSkSL Sfi 1 away and sold.. Many years’ experience ia e use of ooeoentrated plant food in the form, of commercial fertiliser* show that they are inferior in their present, as weM. to prospeogye and renwte effeet* to domestic manures pm eriy manipulated. Manures, where humus the farm of deoeying vegetable matter is the base, sot in a twofold manner. First, they make stiff lands more frisbl* conduce to the retention of moisture around the roots of plants er of the (SlSsiNtaSiSlMWHSKS the plant in decomposing alkaline salts and mineral substances, and appropriating them to its own nse when they would otherwise remain as inert Bnbstanoes in the soil. Secondly, by a gradual prooess of decomposition they feed the plant with good, substantial, healthy nourish ment from the germination of the seed to the maturation of the plant, affording it. throngh all its stages of growth the right kind of food at the right lime, and in adequate quantities to supply every demand; and this is not alh When liberally applied they leave in the soil a perma nent fund npon which the plant may draw for several successive years. On the contrary, commercial manures, where they possess any fertilizing properties at all, are so readily dissolved and highly stimulating, the plant is pnshed forward to an abnomal de velopment, an immense quantity of roots are formed, with great avidity every portion of food within their reach is appropriated, and with every favoring circumstance of rain ex actly at the right time, and close, careful til lage, a good crop is sometimes the result. But what do we usually see in alterations of ex tremely wet and dry seasons? It may at first present a lovely aspect, with its verdant, luxu riant and shining foliage; in imagination we already behold its pendant branohes laden with the fleecy fibre, and congratulate ourselves with the insignificant outlay whioh we have made for such flattering prospects of golden returns. Bnt let a drought overtake it and alas.' what a change comes over the spirit of our dreams! Its sources of nutrition cut off, a largo number of its roots perish, it casts its fruit, the black ness of darkness overshadows its once verdant foliage, the plant shrivels to insignificance, and yet the merchant's acceptances must be met, cotton or no cotton. Commercial manures, as ordinarily prepared, cannot be depended upon in times of great alternations of extremely wet and dry seasons. The results of their employ ment are too uncertain. The planter cannot ran the risk of the fluctuations in the seasons and the price of cotton, and pay the enormous prices that are demanded of him, unless he oan have a satisfactory guarantee that he will not be the only loser in adverse seasons, especially when he can adduce ample evidence that the crop has been faithfully and judiciously culti vated. The vendors of those compounds will adduce imposing figures upon paper, and an at tractive footing npof tli9 balance sheet in favor of their wares, but we appeal to your own ex perience, and that of your neighbors, whether or not yon have derived any material benefit from their use ? Our own experience, and that of all with whom we have ever conversed upon the sub ject, give an emphatic negative to their utility. Some may have been more fortunate than our selves. For there are many gentlemen en gaged in tho manufacture of oommeroial man ures, whoapuscientifio knowledge ahd’ integrity of character cannot be questioned, and who could not be induced to impose a fraud upon the community, but onr faith rests upon experi ence, and bitter experience it has been. Now we are of the opinion that we oan prepare com post manures superior to the oommeroialarticle, and with muoh less expense. We have access to mote or les3 of wood’s earth, and in some portions of this county the supply is almost in- exbaustable. In many places are to be found the debris of fallen leaves, twigs, and branohes of trees, which have been accumulating for many years, and are in a state of almost com plete disintegration. TJhis matter is of itself nch in all the elements necessary for & valuable manure; but by hauling it to onr stables and mule lots, from time to time, and spreading upon the different layers the acid phosphate of lime and land plaster, we not only greatly facil itate the disintegration and decomposition of the fibrous matters, but the ammoniacal vapor that usually escapes will be permanently fixed, and the whole mass will not only be much more readily transferred to the fields from its more thorough disintegration, bnt its frnotifying powers and durability will be greatly inoreased. Again, by collecting the wood’s earth to pens of convenient size, and spreading on it alternate layers of comparatively cheap substances, snoh as the nit. of soda, sulphate of ammonia and superphosphate of lim* the wood’s earth having been made previously wet with water poured over it, we can make daring the year incalcu lable quantities of manure till that will not only act promptly the first, year as a fertilizer, bnt by repetition for a few years we can permanent ly enrich our lands. The usual method of treating our cotton seed before applying it to the field* is extravagant and wastefnl. Filed up in pens as soon as ginned, and exposed to the weather for months before it is hamed out, the Iobs by its ferment ation and decay, in. the esoape of valuable gasses, ia estimated by many, to.be not less than 100 per cent. Usually, by a process of combus tion, the valuable portion of the seed isbnrned, and very little is left bnt the hull. Now, by commencing with the ginning process,. and spreading npon every layer of cotton seed, say. eight inobes thick, a definite portion of the soluble phosDhate of lime, the quantity of the hitter being" dependent upon the quantity of seed spread, and npon the topmost layer of. seed applying * heavy top dressing of land plaster, and then oovenng with boards to protect the mass from sun and rain, the .volatile properties of the seed will be retained; it. will be more thoronghly rotted, and its value increased 200 or 300 per cent We should be oarefnl to apply water oopionsly.to.eaoh layer of seed before spreading the phosphate. Of all fertilizing in gredients to the soil, phosphorio aeid ia most largely consumed, end our soils require a sup ply of this above all other element* The ma nure compounded by this process is made rich in the phosphate* and by its thorough disinte gration can be more readily conveyed to the field* end more easily distributed. The balk end efficiency of this manure might be aug mented by making alternate layers of cotton seed and swamp luuok, or half deoayed woods’ earth and the scrapings of fence corners, the acid phosphate of lime being applied to the woods’ earth to lien of the simply soluble phos phate. The fluctuations in the price of ootton, the soaroity of labor and the general impoverish ment of our land* emphatically demand that we curtail the area of our crop* requiring dose tillage, and correspondingly Increase the pro ductive capaoity of the soil. Experiments at test the increased production of oorn and cot ton fromone hundred to two hundred peroeot, as well as .a material improvement in their quality, by toe judicious and liberal application of manor* We oan thus dispense with a large portion of onr nnrk*! ana mole fore* make theformer more reliable and efficient, mstarisiiy add to our zunualproat* and,- dar ing toe prooess of the cultivation of onr crap* eat or the pleasure of witnessing from day to d*r the romfitaofV labor* the proves- of toe abandon* harvest. aver i is tho Judicious divefrifying of iU ■“->by ma&Qg dot farms we achteve sod maintain e of the thraldom of dsMmhtU of the flnottutiotnr bf toe risk ofir AH tui&ri one'single 1 production t* sheer folly, formerly entertained that free p .-lie ’-d elorftgia os , y% j Ho j Son si it a* .t> ?s ; .tis > , J •d ibw a • sr*it *it» (rrolsd woo atoemtoi^to a to) berovqxe ed ^nat eouii a labor would never be able to produoe a crop of —“— -•> large as tq make its proddotion onr* ive. This folly has been proven to the of nine-tenths of--the--ooUoa.plantera.in itbem Slate*; T ta.t* 'e are now .oonrinoed that engagements for e production of cotton upon a visible basis ,20 oents per pound,- had to-be met with the: Bale of-cotton ‘St- ten -cents- pec -pound, a Solve the problem on paper by the most plausible mathematical calculations, that it is cheaper to make ootton and buy your provision* and, taking d series of y^trS, these calculations will most emphatically prove false. Yon witl find that you have been following an ignis fatans whioh has led you by its false and alluring light into the quagmire of extreme distress, if not of total bankruptcy. Look around among yoor acquaintances and say who, during the last year, weathered toe storm that engolphed so many in tha maelstrom of bankrupioy. Is it the man who had his oorn crib and smoke house in the West, and bought fertilizers on time, to make ootton that cost him 15 oent3 per poind, and which he was compelled to sell at 10 cents per pound ? Is it not rather he who in preparing for his crop made ample calcula tions for an abundanoe of eom and small grain with which to keep fat mules, and fat hogs, and a good supply of the luxuries of the dairy, and then planted as much cotton as he oonld safely venture to thoronghly cultivate ? What satis faction is there to the reputation of having made 200, 500 or 1,000 bales of cotton At the sacrifice of personal independence? Such a system of planting ia but a game of chance as uncertain in its results as the operations of the professional gamester. It is pernicious in its tendency, obtunding the moral sensibilities, and often the legitimate offspring of avarice and self-aggrandizement. It clogs the machinery of progress in every department of eduoation, social refinement and religion, and forges the chains that keep ns bonnd at the feet of onr oppressor* The present low price of meat and bread, we fear, will tempt many to relax their efforts laudably oommenoed for personal inde pendence of the granaries of the West, and oblivious of the past, retrace their steps whioh once conducted them to the brink of ruin. Bnt it is not in accordance with post experience that excessive prodnotion of cotton in any single year may surfeit the market, and reduce the price below the point of remuneration? Even shonld we be convinced that at present prices it is cheaper to bay provisions and make cotton, wbat guarantee have we of a continuation of the present price of cotton or provisions. Lat us therefore heed the admonitions of the past, and pursue the only coarse that is marked ont by an enlightened jadgment and practical wisdom. With the return of personal independ ence and wealth will onr material influence be promoted. The results of the late war found ns orippled in all onr national resource* Strip ped of our appliances, in numberless instances, for supplying the necessary comforts of life, we were compelled to fill back npon the in herent wisdom and energies which Nature has endowed ns. Divested of all political rights, onr social system in a state of anarchy, capital dispelled as mist before the morning’s snn, gloom and despondency overshadowing onr people as a mighty pall, onr utter helplessness invoked the contempt of onr enemies. Bat the illimitable and varied natural resonrees of our oountry have enabled ns in a measure to lift up the burthen which has so long opposed ns. Wealth has power which commands obeyance from the bloated capitalists as well a3 from the humble peasant. Nations are composed of individuals, and when, as a people, we become entirely self-dependent and self-sustaining, then will onr influence in the national councils be 'songht by those whose pursuits as an agrioltaral people, are similar to -onr own and whose interests will- demand a repeal of those obnoxious laws which discriminate in favor of the mechanical, to the detriment of the agricultural interests. Let the whole ootton growing section of country resolve to be self-sustaining in meat and bread, and cattail the production of ootton to a degree commensurate with necessity for the attain ment of this object; let us utilize onr internal resources for the resuscitation of our exhausted soil, develop our hidden mineral treasures, bring into praotioal efficiency our unlimited water power, bestow liberal domestic, as well as governmental, patronage for the promotion of our educational system; then will we once more enter upon the high road to individual prosper ity and wealth, as well as social refinement, intellectual progress, and political independ ence. Tlsc Judiciary of Georgia. Editors Telegraph and Messenger: The articles of A. H. S. in the Sun show very clearly that there are now two vacancies in the Supreme Court, and that under the law it is the duty of the General Assembly to elect proper men to fill them. There is another serious question to which the people are muoh inter ested. It is the statns of the Judges of the Su perior Courts of most of the circuits. It is understood that all of them resigned last winter after the passage of the law increasing their compensation, for the purpose of receiving under the new commission the larger salary. I have learned that Judge Warner was the only exception on either bench. He stood by his bargain, and was content to do his duties for the compensation promised when he received his commission. It was understood that onr very “liberal” Governor gave encouragement to this course by receiving and acting upon some of the resignations from their friends “at Court.” Shamefal conduct this was on thejxkrt- of all engaged in it, and toe last^one'orthem ought to go as Bullock went- The faithfal and honest Warner was the only one that remem bered the people are poor and hated triekery. Let him now wear the honors of a well tried and trne servant. The salaries were inoreased not for the pur pose of pampering to the second, third, fourth and fifth class of men who had “bowed the knee" to Bullook and joined their fate with his. The compensation was already much too large for many of them, if their services rendered the public are to be taken at their trae value, not taking into tlie account toe personal injury sus tained from pnblio odium by the Judges afore said. It was apprehended that as those digni taries, would not “dignify these offices” that they might fall beneath the ambition of good men in better day* The purpose was to save the honor of toe office* and not to fatten the three well paid men who have floated into them. But they were invited to this new feast upon the public purse—end they went. They took the peo ple’s money without their eoneeat. These were ill-gotten gain* let it be put to their charge. It is tons that onr Treasury, has been emptied and our losses are great—and tons it was “they and each of them here connected themselves with the calamities of the times ’—and I say the people elaim relief against them. Oan the people be relieved t “When any offioe shell beoome vaeent by death, rarigntaion or otherwise, the Governor shall have power to ftU soeh vacancy unless otherwise provided by law, and persons eo sp linted shall continue in offioe nntil a sneacasor s appointed agreeably to the mode pointed ont by the Oonatitation cor by lew to pownanoe thereof." See New Constitution—article 4, sec tion 11, paragraph 4.sdt nuSv toaiiuUmml j When them vacancies occurred by their re* ignition did the Governor have the right to fill the vacancies ? He did nnles* it was otherwise provided by law. If there was any other pro vision made by lakr then to existence, he did not have thtertahi. it 1:; r;-haroa ui efcleah t ta J Irwin’s Code, if net to force before, was adopted as the law, and so declared in the Con stitution. In toe Code is found this provision: “When a vaessey occur* toe Governor shall appoint mb* ptemiuhimdihil to fill snob va- ' shall order a special election,” eta make itpMntbeGonmitatiofldsMC&pramltaplWU* this mustJ^foSlow^^^all^rd^^l^^ftbt*^ would bring about a conflict? The answer f* that it is not snoh a conflict as obtains by the course adopted by the Governor, for he oom- pletely ignored this law, and tho express pro vision of the Constitution which potato ont the course for filffug vacancies. Shall it be said that the election by the people is not consistent “with the mode pointed out by the Constitu tion ot by law to parsttanoe thereof ?’’ The an swer i* the mods pointed ont in the Code is the only law we have'for filling such vacancies, and it is-Constijntfonaf—Ist?" becanse there is no ex press mode-pointed ent in toe Oonatitation for filling vacancies; She only mode, as before sta ted, is for filling those offices in the first iu- ■mWaL^M y. . j- *j " " 2. The Code was made tho law at the same time that the Constitution was adopted, and by thetome powMy-attd Urn provision* U Um Con stitution and the -Code are to be construed both together on this subject. They are pari mate ria and most.both stand, if possible; Ibis was the rule adopted by onr Supreme Court in the Whito'otse, in which they held that negroes were eligible .tti offi#e._ It was not beoauae the Con stitution so provided, but only because the Code provided,that citizens were eligible to office. 3. The words “or by law made in pursuance thereof” does not annul this section of toe Code, and was hot bo intended, for at the time this Code .went into effect we had the same provision in the Constitution of IStll that now exists, ex cept that it required then the concurrence of two-thirds, and now only a majority of the Senate. We had then the same system and regulations that now exist. Shall it be stud that snoh was not tho true in tention of tho convention that adopted tho Constitution. That it i3 unreasonable to sup pose that it was intended that a part of . our judges should be appointed by. the Governor and a portion should be elected by the people. The answer is such was the fact under the Con stitution of ISG1. The people had tried both modes of making judges and it is not strange that the people desired to preserve both meth ods in the fundamental law. And if snoh was their purpose it was a wise provision, for when men, after accepting an office with a com pensation fixed bylaw which can not be diminish ed or inoreased during the term, resign for the avowed purpose of getting a new commission and thus get the benefit of anewlawincreasing the salary, it is bnt right and proper that the matter of their fidelity to engagements as well as fitness for the place, should be referred to the decision of tho tax payers. Sn let it be. ‘DouoHEBxr.” Cotton Notes. We clip the following from the New York Commercial and Financial Chronicle of Satur day, 9th instant: . . . Visible Supply of Cotton.—The following table shows the quantity of cotton in right at this date of each of the two past Beascns: 187o! 371,000 51,456 1,100 70,800 8,000 6,300 20,000 276,000 Q‘M> 10,996 1 S3,000 434,136 95,612 1wir- Stock in Liverpool bales 445,000 150.08G 260 137,570 19,238 14,609 90,000 Stock in London... A . Stock in Glasgow.... Stock in Havre Stock in Marseilles.., Stock in Bremen. Stock rest of Continent Afloat for Great Britain (American) 174,000 Afloat for France (American and Brazil) -12,705 Afloatfor Bremen(American) 4,605 Total Indian Cotton afloat for Europe 314,101' Stock in United States porta 411,888 Stock in inland towns 66,329 election. said that toe Oonatitation provides taleotion of Judges by m L ' and with the ad' answer , T _ veeanoie* but to term ort he first apj» Total.. ....1,870,381 1,491,820 These figures indicate an increase in the oot ton in sight to-night of 379,052 bales compared with the same date of 1870. The market the past week has developed a gradually improving tendency; prices have ad vanced and confidence in the future has strength ened. This upward movement finds its more immediate cause in the late cold weather and the decreased receipts, which latter are inter preted as indicating a smaller yield than the prevailing estimates of a few weeks back. We think, however, aside from these facta there has been a growing inclination to oonaider Ameri can ootton not dear at present price* The world’s consumption has increased so rapidly and its wants are so large while the disposition to nse largely the American staple has beoome so general and the expense of going baok to the poorer sorts is eo great, it is felt that onr sup ply, even if it were to reach the larger figures current, would be none too great notwithstand ing a moderate advance in price for the supply of spinners’ want* Holders therefore show no anxiety to dispose of their stock while onr own spinners appear to be taking hold more freely, and there ia an inoreased movement on foreign aooount. . ...j . . ;-.v . A Gocoeb Caught.—We read the account of how that scallawag, from Camden county, (Hillyer) was caught gouging the treasury in the matter of mileage,—in our yesterday’s legislative report—with peculiar satisfaction. He charged mileage for 1,000 miles from Da rien, and when caught, pleaded ignoranoe of the distance! Could anything be more charac teristic of the species? But he was made to disgorge—the first case of the kind even known in Georgia op any other Southern State, aince the grand thieves’ raid of reconstruction. It was a small sum, bnt we like the precedent. Perhaps, now, that, it has been established, and the fact demonstrated that a developer can be made to disgorge, eome of the big plunder ers may be served toe same way. Anyway, we aooept it as a hopeful angary. Bat, isn’t there any more gougera of Hill- yer’s sort, in the HodM We would- like to nee what results a rigid Investigation would develop* One thing to certain; If there was no mileage bait to tempt the dishonest, there oonld not be any gangers of this' stripe, at MtaF * Bssnobraq fiasiflR Apropos of this episode to Hillyer’s life, the Atlanta Bun, of yerterdey, tells this story. It A eft ol Car:,! (coi i 1 * Oar readers wifi remember tost on motion of the Hon. Mr. (Sower, one of toe negro mem- bees of the House, a committee was appointed to inquire into the cause of the United States flag being taken down from the Capitol, who investigated and reported that it had been done by order of the.aetiagGoveraar. Mr. Hillyer chided Clower for calling for the investigation—told him hedid cot know what he was about, and tost he had played the very d—1; so we hear. -> f>»woBz2t irrfi jioit When Hillyer was arraigned for overdrawing his mileage, Clower exalted, and exclaimed: “I wonder who’a played the d—l now ?” Tax cheapest Black Aiapaca can- be found at the New York 8tor*v^lol tadI esrwo ett r.. ns Ugaotta **ri et It ai wtat ai to rtriw i ctaaftta astant to deMw of ptim s iriMr too topis Bated Is Eat The eighth Wonder of the World has been found in Georgia. The discoverer Is a physician of long experience, extensive observation and profound judgment, and fata discovery hse pro Ten such a bleoaing to woman, that it is already koown through out tb* oountry aa “Woman’aBeat Friend.” With remarkable quickness and ooriainty it caret all caste of sappreeeed menstruation, acute or chronic, and restores health In every ihfetiince- Dr. J. Brad- fidld’a’Fettole EegAtbr euppftn a remedy tang needed in toe treetikent of dfeesses peculiar to wo man. TOstfle Wtai FteSdteiknows and admits' while many of out-fiurt pfttaMane are using it ia told at $1 50 perhjp|g verywher*. •*■*-—- tf jAXsoob <uoisu J£ a asrre-" :,rtt oj r«