Georgia weekly constitutionalist. (Augusta, Ga.) 184?-185?, May 15, 1850, Image 1

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office in Mclntosh street Third door from the North-west corner of Broad-Street ** of LAND by Administrators, Executors or Gu avans, are required, by law, to itc held on the first Tues «»y in the month, between the hours of ten in the fore noon and three in the afternoon, at the Court House ill which the property is situate. Notice of these stiles ■“list be given in a public Gazette SIXTY DAYS pre vious to the day ot sale. "ales ot NEGROES must be at Public Auction, on the tits! i uesday ofthc month, between the usual hours of *ate at tile place of public sales in the comity where the trotters Testamentary, or Administration or Gunrdian *nip, may have been granted, first giving SIXTY IiAYS’ notice thereof, in one of the public Gazettes of ' tins State, and at the door of the Court House where such sale are to he held. Net tee tor the sales of Personal Property must be given in like maimer FORTY DAYS previous to day of sale Notice to the Debtors and Creditors of an Estate must he published for FORTY DAYS. Nolirn that application will he made to the Court of Or '"nary for leave to sell (.AND, must be published tor POCR MONTHS. Nonce for leave to sell NEGROES, must be published KtUR MONTHS, before any order absolute can lie given by the Court. TERMS OF ADVERTISING. One. square, 12 lines, 70 cents Hie first insertion, and SO cents afterwards. LEG AI. AHV ERTIS KME X TS. Hlu rig's Levies, ;>!l dayss2 50 per levy ;00 days, $5, Executors, Administrators and Guardians Sales Rea Estate, (per square, 12 lines) . .!$4 75 lio. do. Personal Estate It 25 Citation for Getters of Administration 2 75 “ “ Dismission 4 50 Notice to Debtors and Creditors 3 25 Four Months Notices 4 00 Rules Nisi, (monthly) $1 per square, each insertion MT ALL REMITTANCES PER M AII., *nr. *r ot a K UK. Augusta, ©covgia. SATURDAY MOHNINS MAY 11. Tklegraphic Line to tile Pacific.— Mr. O’Rfiilly, the celebrated Western Telrgraph man, proposes a plan for a line from St. Louis to San Francisco. He ask no government aid, except the establishment of a line of stockades at convenient distancee, to serve as stations, Nit-. Mr. O’Reilly appears in earnest, and from his known energy and success, under the most adverse circumstances, in establishing telegraphic lines, the American people may reasonably conclude ttie project is one white hr” i nn be carried into successful operation. Georgia—lleu Factories and Railroads. -The Baltimore American says: “Within the last ten or a dozen years, the State of Georgia has been devoting her attention and means to the developement of her internal re sources, with a zeal and judgment that 1 nve been crowned with very prosperous results, factories and work shops have been brought into operation in rapid succession, giving nexv and diversified employment to her people,and affording profitable returns on the invested capital. She was the first cotton growing Stale to begin the experiment of working up her own great staple at home, and her exam ple, there is no doubt, will, in due time, be I olio .veil by all the rest. Her railroads, too, are well managed work-', which xvili compare favorably with those of any other State for '.utility and profitable returns.” 'i'n n SrOAK Chop i\ Texas.—The Sugar crop of Texas for 1850, is estimated at 10,000 hogsheads. It is also estimated that in lees than five years the crop will he increased to 25,000 hogsheads, and that in ten years from the present time the quantity grown in Texas ■will eqtnl that, of Louisiana. lin Alabama Cacitoi— The Alabama Jour nal says: We understand that the Governor and < 'ommissior.crs have contracted with Mr. John V. high for re-building the State-House for Jifty-hix thousand dollars. This is an admira ble selection. Mr. high is a man of character and standing in our community, and of his entire capability none will question. His em ployment will give great confidence in the c ommunity that the building will bo properly constructed. We learn that the expedition in search of Sir John Franklin, fitted out l>v Mr. Grinnell, will sail from New York about the 15th in.st. —They are now waiting for the House bill, detaching officers and seamen of the Navy to take charge of the vessels, to pass the Senate. The vessels going are “The Rescue,” a brig of isO tons, commanded by Lieut. 8. P. Gridin, •nd "The LudyJ. Franklin," of about, the same tonnage,commanded by Lieut. DeHaven. It is said that the expedition will take with them a number of small balloons, with mater ials for generating gas. These balloons are to h„ cent up with papers attached to them, sta -ting where the expedition is, and where stores tin tv he found. I'n u Pr„u\s.—The officers of the steamer j- which boat arrived at St. Louis oil the -Ml hit., from St Joseph, report nearly ai\ tlion*- 1 ' Ptnigrants in the vicinity of that place, wlio a v e nlvking active preparations for ;/ni’ly start a.VfIM Jhe Plain®. There was no k ness of cons 'queue.'-’ among them. Inn I’uNNßf..— Thp ltn’tggold republican of the Sth inst. says —ln our h'St issue ■•d that the Tunnel would he completen * n .lunanex*. It appears that we \verc misiu fnrmed, as we have since learned that the cars Mill puss through this subterraneous passage some time during this or next week. So this ('rent master-piece of work—a work which has j Jieen the subject of so much speculation, is J ~1 roost finished. |\ S.—Since the above was put in type, we have received a letter from the Chief Kngi- { ueer. in which he states that the first flip to Chattanooga, through the Tunnel, will be made to-morrow. K.ktoriks in Mohii.u. — The Mobile Herald, of j the Ist instant, thus notices the progress of j new manufnetnring enterprises in that city : We stated a week or two since that the 'r,abiding for the Mobile Cotton Factory was finished and ready for the machinery. It is of the «.nost substantial brickwork, under a slate woof, and well ammged in every respect for Wse -(Murpose for which it is built. Most of the liiachim'ry has arrived in the bay and will be delivered daring the week at the factory. Every thing will be ready to commence work by the Ist of November. Mr. J. Blood goad’s factory in the upper part of the city will probably go into opera tion before that time. The machinery arrived some time since, and is now being put up. I'h#building is a handsome three story struc ture, and is quite an ornament to that part of the city. The paper mill Is also rapidly approaching completion and will be at work early the com ing fall. AU the machinery is now on the spot. It is of the beet quality and embraces all the latest improvements. ’ l'he proprietors are de termined to turn out paper of a superior qual it v. Their success, therefore, will be certain. These enterprises, sure evidences of the .steady advancement of Mobile, are but the be ginning of extensive operations in m&nufac •turing and mechanical pursuits. Mruur.it. —-The Charleston Courier of the says —Coroner Deveaux was called "bovat o O 'cloek yesterday morning, to hold an inques*- over the body of Robert, a slave, the property W. *•’ Willie >’’ li a PP eared in cvi denee before the jury’,- that an altercation took place between the deceased, and a negro fel low, named Abra ham, the property ot Geo. Fryer, on the premis''* Mr. rest mg inking-st., a fight "•heri Aur^aur nek Robert with a knife, caub c 4 Ua death. The former was arres't® d au<i fonunit cei to jail, to await his trial be tori' 1 a Court ot Magistrates and Freeholders. The River. —The Natchez Free Trader ot the Ist inet says : At this point the Mississippi is at a stand; at Vicksburg it is within six inches of high water mark, and rising; and at Memphis, it is coming up at the rate of three feet in twerr.ty iour hours. Determined to go to California. —A com pany bound for California from Cincinnati, in the steamer Jessup, were joined by a female in male attire. She was not detected until almost ready to start, when she was discover «d, and proved to be the wife of one of the company- She had expostulated with her husband against going,.but he being determ ined, she resolved to accompany him and share hia fortune. So ye Benedicts, California bound ■who go against your wives' consent, look out that you do not find yourselves in their agree able company on shipboard, nolens te(ens~ fixchange, GEORGIA WHOM lOASTniTIIMIIST. BY JAMES GARDNER. Jr Justice ta Col. Denton The Richmond Examiner, a print edited with unflinching fearlessness and frankness by Mr. Daniel ot Richmond, a gentleman of high character and intelligence, “ gives the Devil his due” as follows : “ The late scene in the highest counsel of the American people, is the theme of every tongue, and the source of the deepest, the bitterest and the most sincere concern to every heart that values the fair fame of this country. It will ring through every land of the earth. It will point and poison the pen of the European scribbler against popular rights and republican government. It can neither lie excused or palliated. There the facts stand. The highest representative of a sovereign State leaves his seat, and rushed down the aisle of the American Senate, to inflict personal violence on—to cuff and thump nother Senator; and this last draws a re volver from iris pocket—the weapon of bullies and bravos —with which to murder his an tagonist in the presence of the august assem blage. It is much to be regretted that Mr. Foote should have given this exhibition of uncontrollable temper. But, ior him there is at least the shadow of excuse. Ilis act sprung from the involuntary feeling of self-defence, the impulse of self-preservation, the sense of resistance to personal injury and insult, which is too strong in some men for subjection of cnmstances. But for Bentonot; Missouri, there is neither the shadow of ex- ; chse, nor the possibility ot defence. He is i accountable for all. These tactics have been j his for years—for an entire lifetime ; and they f are the tactics of a Western bully, the prac- j tices of a back-woods bravo, the principles of j a cut-throat coward. It lias long been his ! wont to meet his antagonist in such places and ] at such times, that personal collision is impos- I sible, thus he insulted and raved against j Kearney. He never said a word about his j enemy that could have taken hold of until ' he got him in the Court room—in the eapa- j city of a witness —with the judges on the j bench, and then he raised a tumult, in which j he bellowed and bullied with safety. Thus j was it that lie insulted Mr. Butler, ot South J Carolina. He took the session of the Senate, j the presence of a Vice President, and the de- | bate of sovereign States, for the scene in which ( he should exhibit his courage and manly j prowess. He raised an uproar on a spot j where every emotion of patriotism and sel‘- J respect should preserve an order and a deco- ) rum the most rigid and the most solemn.— j When called upon by the man he had gross- j ly injured, and to the name of the cmmtry he had outraged, to answer for his insult or j wash it out in his blood, he refused either to j atone for his hlackgardism, or to excuse his ; braggadoeia. The aif.tir with the Senator ! from Mississippi, is but a new edition of the affair with the Senator from Carolina. There ! is nothing to shield the man from public opin- 1 ion. He should be expelled from the Senate lie deserves a gulf oi infamy which history ; does not afford and a punishment which the j cells of liis own poisoned heart can furnish.” | Wedding at Washington.— Miss Ellen I>. Ewing, the daughter of the Secretary of the ; Interior, was married in Washington on | Wednesday evening, to Lieut. Sherman, of | the Army. The nuptial party was very large, • and the happy affair passed off' with great j eclat. It took place at the residence of Mr. , Ewing. The correspondent of the Patriot j says: ••The rooms above and below were crowd- ! eel with ‘ belles and matrons, maids and mad- j nins.’ The President was there. I lie vjco Pre sident was there. The Cabinet were there. Sena- ; tors and Members were there. Sir lienvy L. j Bulwer, lady and suite, with many of the Di- ! plomatique corps, were there. Officers ol the , Army and Navy were there. Citizens and strangers were there; and Ta.l‘ r, < 'lay, Oass. Benlon, ami oilier- Mnved along bke loving brothers. The many pleasing incidents of the even ing, tiro sayings and doings of such men as Winthrop,"Corwin, King, of Alabama. Mc- Lean, Butler, of S. C , Vinton, Pearce, Jones, ot lowa, would fill a volume instead of this short letter. The most pleasing incident of the night was the presentation to the bride of a beautiful eouquet, by one of the tallest plumes of this confederacy, Harry of the West. He went through it in fine style, and she received it accordingly. The Bride’s cake .was ane plus ultra. The popping of the champaign? was like the peals of artillery at Buena Vista; and the feast was all the art of Ude could make it, while Mr. and Mrs. Ewing, and every member of the faiu'iy made all reel as it they were really ‘ at j home. There never ivas an administration which j was so destitute of consistency, influence, and power, as the prss?ut. The President is ut terly unlit for the duties ot his office, and Ins Secretaries arc unable to supply bis imperfec tions by their own experience, talents, and energy. The whole concern seems to have no fixed opinions to guide its course. The Gen eral does not appear to know his own mind for four and twenty hours together. He is like , the chameleon, which has no colors of its own, ! but reflects the hues of every surrounding ob- [ jeet. He is determined to avoid all responsi bility for eke Wilmot Proviso, lest it might ex pose the fraud by winch he was elected. But, in other respects, he is as capricious as the wind. Ask Mr. Marshall, anu lift will assure you that the President is for establishing ter ritorial governments for Utah and New Mexi co. Ask Mr. Truman Smith, and he will toll you that the President is for the admission of California alone as a State, but against all ter ritorial governments. Inquire of Mr. Toombs, and he would probably have told you, two weeks ago, that Gen. L.iylor would ultimately throw his executive weight into the scale ot territorial governments. Ask Mr. Toombs now, and he would probably tell you that the wind has shifted round, and that this inefficient cabinet will not permit the President to ex press a single bold sentiment that is calculat ed to settle the question and still the teu>: lest | of excitement. I Is not this position of the executive depart ! ment shameful and comtempiible: Would the First Washington have acted thus: Would i ho not have come boldly forward and recora | mended some decisive measure to Congress to give peace to our agitated land: Is General Taylor so utterly destitute of moral courage and of public spirit, that lie dares not utter one word to pacif y the country:— Washington Union . The Washington Union of the 20th refers to certain proceedings of the Senate which prove incontestably that the persons who believed Mr. Clayton to be unfriendly to the free soil oarty, wc.e greatly deceived. Oil Wednes day March 8, ISIS, Mr. Baldwin moved to in sert at the end of the oth article, the following words: Jlesolud there shall be neither slavery noi involuntary servitude in the territory hereby ceded, otherwise than in punishment of crimes, whereof the party has been convicted. After debate, the question was stated, “Shall these words stand as ;i part of the sth article- and it was determined ;n the negative—yeas i/>, nays 39. Those who voted in the affirmative arc— Messrs. .A therton, Baldwin, Clarke, Clayton, Corwjn, Davis of Massachusetts, Dayton, Dix, Greene. Miller, Niles, Phelps, Spruauce, aim Upham. The Union, say: “Upon this question, theie fore, the cabinet stands tius: For the Proviso —Messrs. Clayton, Meredith, Ewing, and Collamer: against it—Messrs. Johnson, Craw ford, and Preston- four in favor of, and three against it.” Edwin Adclbert Oelriohs Las been appoint' ed, and recognised as Consul of Bremen for t,..e port of New York, East Te'nf.ssee and Georgia Raii. Road. —From a letter from a gentleman in East Ten nessee to the Rail Road Journal, we derive ! some tacts in regard to the present condition of this Road, which may not be uninteresting. ! ft appears that tire Company have already up ; wards of eighty miles of road graded in a very i superior manner, most of it for a double track. ! and a large and excellent bridge of three spans i across the Iliwassie river, so arranged as to be used a- a 101 l bridge as* well as for the Rail Road. The timber for the superstructure on upwards of 20 miles has been delivered. The total cost of the Road thus far is #6150,000. The completion and equipment of the Road to Knoxville at the Engineer's estimate is $1,150,000. Dedueating from this sum the State subscription, State loan and individual subscriptions, leaves only 656,000 yet to be subscribed lor. Hence the entire cost of the Road, 110 miles, may be stated at #1,780,000, i or about $16,000 per mile for a first class Road with a heavy rail and fully equipped. In regard to the contract with Gen. Green, the writer, after paying a high ami merited compliment to the energy and public spirit of Mr. G., states that the contract had been res cinded “by an arrangement mutually satisfac tory to him and to the board of directors.” lie i also states that he has realized a very iJVl some profit by the operation and that tires from bi« contract ffi engage in other en tffpnses equally important and it is to.be hop ed, in their result they may prove equally profitable to him.” Rumored intention ofthc President to Ve to the Compromise Bill ■ In the Union of Saturday morning, we copied certain extracts from a Washington correspondent of the New York Express, to the effect that it was currently rumored in the political circles of this city that Gen. Taylor would, in the event of the passage by Congress of a bill providing for the admission of Cali fornia and for govrnments for the Territories, defeat it by his veto. And we called upon the organs of the administration in this city to inform the public whether or not the rumor had any foundation in fact; and whether or not General Taylor designed to take a course such as rumor, coming through responsible whig sources, ascribed to him. Our appeal as brought forth the following response by the National Itelligencer of yesterday : A story has recently been put in circulation that the President of the United States will veto the bill far the admission of the State of California into the Union, should it be ac companied by territorial bills or other meas ures. The President has never assumed any such grounds. One of the greatest complaints now made against hitn by his opponents is, that he declines to interfere tvith or to attempt to con trol the legislation of Congress. He has per formed his constitutional duty, and fully re commended, in regard to the newly-acquired Territory, such measures as in his judgement are best calculated to promote harmony and good feeling, by avoiding the unnecessary dis cussion of the agitating questions of the day. lie has not attempted by any other means to influence or control the opinion ot Congress in reference to the vexed question; nor have any ot his cabinet ministers. The President, hav ing performed his whole duty in this particu lar, leaves the decision of the subject to the wisdom and patriotism of that enlightened body, whose constitutional duty it is assist him in the administration of the government, and to whom he looks with confidence for a satis factory adjustment of the whole matter. Amidst the storm of political and party strife, ho bears with him the consciousness of recti tude, which he knows will carry him trium phantly through all dangers and a firmness of purpose upon which good men may con fidently rely for the safety oi the republic, under any possible emergency. This is satisfactory, so far as the use of the veto is concerned. And we rejoice to learn, as we do, front the preceding annunciation in the National Intelligencer, that the President has not determined to impose any obstacle to prevent the clearly-expressed will of Con gress from taking effect when it shall be pre sented to him In the form of an enactment. We thin interpret the article which we have copied from the intelligencer, and therefore take it for granted that Gen. Taylor, although maintaining the doctrine of non-action, will sign any bill which Congress may pass, hav ing for its object the settlement of the Cal fornia and territorial questions. The National Intelligencer states that nei ther Gen. Taylor nor the cabinet has attempt ed to influence or control the opinions of Con gress, in reference to this vexed question,” except through the “constitutional” recom mendations of the executive messages rela’ing to that question. We trust that this may turn out to be the fact, although ne beg leave to say, with all deference, that we do not be lieve it will. We learn from sources entitled to respect and confidence, that recently the President has not only expressed himself, with more than his usual warmth, in favor of the non-action policy, but that he has spoken harshly, if not violently, of the conduct of certain members of Congress, in relation to the territorial question and the committee of thir teen. It is not to be disguised, that reports are very rife in this city, and in high quarters, ascribing to seme, if not all, of the members of the cabinet a contrary course from that which the National Intelligencer asserts they 1 have pursued; and these reports have been much strengthened by the intimations thrown out in the Senate by Mr. Truman Smith, the v£t£3 of the two senators from Delaware on the resolution r&isipg the committee of thirteen and the course of the Republic,known to be the ! personal organ of Gen Taylor and the peculiar I organ of the cabinet. We repeat, that we hope i the Intelligencer is not mistaken in what it says in reference to the course of Gen Taylor and his “cabinet ministers,” and that they are not yet prepared to assu ne the fearful responsi : bility of defeating, or attempting to defeat a measure designed to preserve the Union of these States, and give peace to a distracted country. It' they should be implicated in any such despearate and treasonable plot, they will draw down upon their heads a load ofex ecration such as has never yet, in this country, fallen upon men who dare to peril the safety and well being of their country in a'game cf I reckless and unbridled ambition.— Union. Important Decision. —The decision of the Supreme Court, on Friday last, in the case of certain merchants of tlic city of Philadelphia, against the late collector of that port, is another triumph of democratic principles and policy. The questions in t he case yrere, whither Tampi co, whilst & the occupation of oyr troops uur ing the war with Mci-ko. y. - as a foreign port, within the meaning of tlio tariff:’ act of lSR>j . and whether goods then imported in‘o the U. States therefrom were subject to duties, or were considered as entitled to entry duty free, as being imported from a domestic port, TUe*e questions involved, incidentally, the right of the United States to levy contributions oil the , commerce of Mexico, ifnder the laws of war, for the purpose cf throwing the burden of the war upon her; because, if her ports in our possession were to be considered ports of thu United States, tlien the contributions thus imposed were improperly exacted. The contributions tl.us levied amounted to nearly five millions of dollars, and the duties £n goods imported from these points into the United Urates amounted to about a million and a half more. Ti.p decision of the Supreme Court Jiovv pronounced Lap settled • hat the ports :u,4 places in our possession during the war, by force of arms, were in u foreign coun try, and that the goods imported from them into the United States were liable to duty, and has also vindicated the course and policy of the last administration in laying the war contributions on The enemy’s commerce in the AUGUSTA. GEORGIA. WEDi vl ' iSf)vY MORNING. MAY 15, 1850. 1 m inner it did. th *' was delivered by Chiel Just,4 1 aney ’ and wn# unanimous. i\ Mr. Attorney General Jl^ 11 argued the ease -->n the nart of GovernnT ,K ’ steiv .nd Mr McCall, of p t {*.Wphia, on the i part oi the claimants Na-W Geor 9 inn ' Absent wtrudin .Lkave.-I Wednesday mgnt last, (s.tvs t.& Oolurr r * inquirer, of the 7, , inat.) four pawns tH* 51 from thc cr inty jail in this citv ; an> ave not ■ been neard of. Two of then/‘‘ roha,), >’ “* »«* ! ecn.plished viiliamv as ever I,lto a store ’ or out of u jail, were eonfinef ,n a c * lai £ e °f burglary. Their names** P*' '* and Hrown - Another named i>‘ lei i ' u ' , l‘i<-i°n of riding a horse that did §ot f lon S t 0 h,m ’ and the fourth, on. of the R,f“ s ~ of wl ' om we known nothing- for kicli n f U|) a 10w generally. The chareiP w ‘ t ' l mur * 1 der, three or four *ii number* ’V not esca P e * The sheriff has oflei ed a liberal ry art *> * or •rest and return of ttie = ood . -uizens, who desii to keep « A h° Jl * ic stly work lor. v. do Wei |6t „J ok out 10r l ; :lan, and the utut numed\t * r ” lh*y at copartners in rascality. to this ,“ty, under pretence ot ex'n.o' “as adepts in the vulgar sefenee of hoaxnig. It U sniit *hat t'nis is not the tir-o Tme they have like true jail brids, escaped from the public cage. Gordon County Election. Oothcaloga, 7th May, 1850. The following is the result of the election held yesterday for the new county of Gor don, held in the 7th district, 31 section : FOR RAIL ROAD. Judges Inferior Court. Martin Duke.... 472 D. L. Law 459 D; Barrett 156 \V. lvinman 437 l)r. W. W. Wall. .442 Shcrifl'. G. M. Trout 395 C.'erk Superior Court. J B. Davis 454 Clerk Inferior Court. Peeples 455 Tax Collector. Wilson 418 Tax Receive. J. Fain 414 Coroner. R. Kirkham 327 f Surveyor. Russell 428 Liability or Hotel Keefers. —The X. Y. Commercial gives the following report of a case tried in the Marine Court of that city, on Thursday .• Needles & Needles vs Howard. —Suit against the proprietor of the Irving House to recover the value of a package. The plaintiffs are merchants at Baltimore. One of their firm being in New York, bought a package of tine goods at Jatiiey's store, and directed if to be sent to the Irving House, where he put up.— The goods not being there next morning, Mr. N. went to the store of Mr. Jaffrey to inquire the reason, and was told that they had been sent at 11 o’clock the day before. It was de nied at the house that they had been left. The porter of Mr. Jaffrey proved that he left the goods in the office of the Irving House, on the counter, at 11 o’clock, in the presence of the two clerks ; that one of them, who was Yvithin the counter, said it was all right. Af tet Mr. N. called to know why they were not sent, the porter went up to the Irving House, saw the clerk, and told him that he had laid the goods upon the counter in his presence, while he was talking to the other clerk, who was about leaving for Wall street. , The clerks both testified that no suehjbuu dle had been left there —that if it had it would have been entered in their package book, and would have been sent to Mr. Needle/' room, but there was no entry, and thcre.fr>* jmay wete certain i* rnt '' IVO be I *?' *\'. t, 1 I'd, because they had never known an instatue of such an omission. They also stated that 36 packages had beeen left there, and entered in this way, on that day. The couit charged that an inn-keeper is lia ble for all packages sent to his house and left under the eye of the person having charge of the baggage- that if the rule were otherwise great mischief might arise from the dishones ty of servants, or persons lingering about the establishment, and the want of vigilance and care on the part of landlords to protect the baggage of their guests, they having so much better opportunity of care in respect to it than they themselves. It the jury in this ease are of opinion that the package was delivered on the counter under the eye of the clerk, the defendant is responsible. Verdict for plain tiff's for the price of the goods. The Cnovs.— The Ringgold Republican, of ! j the Sth inst., says; “Our exchanges, from! t almost every direction, speak of the prospects j - of the farmer this year, as being anything hut j 0 cheering. The injury done, it is stated, to | j. the crop of wheat, corn, cotton, &c., in the j a middle and lover parts of this State, by the j c recent long, cold rains, and high winds, which ! have invariably followed, has been very great, ' l and it is thought, from present appearances, j that the crop of cotton will be much shorter j f than that of last year. The farmers in this j c section of country, although we have had a J * very backward, disagreeable Spring, have been j s peculiarly favored touching the prospects of a j < rich harvest, this year, of wheat, corn, &c„ ! 1 for which thev certainly have abundant rea- J * “ * { son to be thankful, when thty remember thi j j devastating effects upon the growing crops ( elsewhere, from the recent cold ruins. The i t crop of wheat in this and adjoining counties, , ‘ we do not remember to have ever seen u» ! . promising as at present ; so, also, is it with , reference to the corn crop." i -- ---- -----i; (foot) Advice.—John H. Prentice, in his ! < recent valedictory, on retiring from the edi'.o- j [ rifd chair, which lie tilled for forty-one years, ; has the following : No man should be without a well conduct* ' ed newspaper; lie is far behind the spirit of age unless he reads; is not on equal footing with his fellow man who enjoys the advantage, and is disregardful of his duty to his family,in not affording the man opportunity of acquiring a knowledge of what is passing in the world, at the cheapest possible teaching. Show me a family without a newspaper, and I venture to say that 'here will be manifest in that family | ' a want of amenity of manners and ignorance most strikingly in contrast with the neighbor I who allows himself such a rational indulgence, j • Young men especially should read newspa : pers. If I were a boy of 12 years, I would - read a newspaper weekly, though I had to i work by torch-light to earn money enough to j - pay for it. The boy who roads well will learn j to think and analyse, and, ff so, he will be al most sure to make a man of himself, bating vicious indulgences, which reading is calcula ted to beget a distaste for. The above is the voice of wisdom —newspa- ; tiers are the greatest schoolmasters of this age. They teach man, woman, and child alike. What is a man worth to society, who does not take a newspaper? With what intelligence j and independence can he exercise the elective 1 franchise We car. scarcely imagine so great j a wrong, so great an act of injustice that a fa ther can do, to himself anfl to ljis family, as io deny it q.ncj himself the pleasure of reading a good daily or weekly neuspupey. sco man who is weli and healthy is too poor to pay for j S newspaper. Far better would it be for any ! . tu -11 to dispense with one meal a duy, rather than Wit!' IMi Cl iili furnished by 1 his newspaper. . ys. Andrew Mills, Jr. — Murder. — The Court of General teseiono was engaged all day, yesterday, iu the trial of thi? case, j The defendant was indicted tor the alleged ; murder o t one James Phlilips Hall, otherwise j called Robert Dickson, near Cape Romain, in St. James’Santee, some time in June last.; The evidence was closed yesterday, and the ; argument will proceed to-day. For the State, ! I. W. Esq , Attorney General—for the i prisoner, 'Janicn Tapper, and E. M. Scabrook, Esqrs.— Charleston Courier, iOcA in((. Naval. —The United States frigate Raritan lias beau withdrawn from the Home Squadron, to be fftted for foreign service, and the flag of ; Commodore Parker )ras freon temporarily transferred to the sloop of-war understood that one of the new war steamers, shortly to be put in commission, will he as signed as Commodore Parker s flag ship.— • 1 Washington Republic . Seven Bays Later from Europe, VKR] V 1 Is OF TIIE STF. A M EK J\ I A GAR A. COTTON ADVANCED ONE-EIGHTH PENCE. Bvi.ti mork, May 8—2.50, Morning. The steam-ship Niagara arrived at Halifax ! on yesterday morning, bringing Liverpool dates to the 27th ult. Cotton. —Middling and fair Upland Cotton had advanced one-eight pence on fair descrip ; tions. The sales of the week amount to 57,000 bales. Brown & Shipley’s circular : agree* with the above remarks, and says the market presents a favorable aspect. Specula tors took 15,000 bales. The trade bought ; largely. The committee’s quotations are: Fair Orleans 74 Fair Upland and Mobile 7 Middling qualities.... 6i to 6 ; , aoi to 61 j The total stock at Liverpool is 549,000, of ! which 359,000 are American. The Havre market is active and prices had advanced one-quarter pence. The week's sales were 1 1,000 bales. Rice.—Good Carolina, ISs. to 19s. (id for fine. 1 Flour quiet, same prices as per Canada. 1 The Money market was easier. Consols closed at9OJ. American Securities had ad- | vanned one-half per cent. 1 The Niagara spoke the new steamer Atlau- ! tie 630 miles from New-York, which run she j had made in forty-five hours. France. —There was still considerable ex citement in France about tne elections. No arrangement lias yet been made between ! Greece and England. The political news is unimportant, ihe Europa had not arrived when the Ni- j ■ agara left. v I ri-M the London Times, April 19 j * I Death of Mi Calhoun for the centre. Judges Inferior Court. l'hos. Biro 381 J.H.B.Shackelford32s H. Gaston 350 L. Dillard 368 O. E. Wyie.y.... 362 Sheriff". D. G. Wide 400 Clerk Superior Court. J. R. Brock 352 Clerk Inferior Covrt. 11. W. Fite 5556 Tax Collector. O. Adams 379 Tax Receiver. Scott 394 Coroner. 11. Hill 311 Surveyor. 1 Parrott 311 By the death of John G’. Calhoun, of which the mail just arrived from the IT. States brings us the intelligence, America has lost one of the br'ghtest ornaments that have graced the federal councils since the establishment ol the government. It will be difficult to supply the void created by this melancholy event, the South being left, at so critical a moment in her affairs, without u leader in whom she can rely, and at tl.tjmercy of a set ofun ctupulous poli ticians, who are ch eiiy -reuiarkblc for their recklessness in debate, and their incapacity in action. The dep irted statesman has been so long and so intimately counectcd, in one way or another with the Federal Government and legislature, that, for the greater part of the last half century, he has been one of the ack nowledged pivots on which publicj affairs in America revolved, and however mistaken, in the opinion of many, he may have been in some ot his views, it cannot be denied but that du ring his long and brilliant career, the good has predominated greatly over the evil, in 'he influence which he has exerted over the gen eral fortunes of his country. Mr. Calhoun was a native of South Carolina, wlfere he was born in 1782; and was just en tertaing his 09th year at the time of his de cease. His father was an Irish emigrant; Ins mother a Virginian, but Irish by descent. His ! early inclinations were for the quietude and i even tenor of a planter’s life; but the aolicita- ; tiyns of others drove him first into a proles- j sional, and afterwards into a political career, j It was not long after his return from Yale j College, at which be greatly and dis- | kinspuishort htflßolf, ore l,f> vauiw. into the ! political arena—serving with gre* credit to ! himself, lor two sessions, in the local Legislu- i ture of his native State. But it is from 1811 that his public life may be regarded as really dating its commencement, when he took his seat in Congress as one of the ltepresentatives of South Carolina, at a most critical juncture in his country's affairs, with a view to whic-h both he and his colleagues were chiefly select ed to represent the State. His first session at Washington was what is known in American history as the war fission of the twelfth Con gress, the events of which took a turn, which lias rendered it almost as memorable in British as in American annals. In these events, young and inexperienced as he then was, Mr. Cal houn bore a very prominent part. His repu tation having preceded him to Washington, lie was appointed second of the Committee on Foreign Relations, always the most imp', r tant committee of the session, but at that time peculiarly so. The Chairman of the Commit tee soon afterwards retiring from Congress, Mr. Calhoun, in his twenty-ninth year, oc cupied that honorable and then highly res f onsible post. It was in this capacity that towards the close of the session, he reported and carried through the House, the bill de claring war against Great Britain. So promi nent was the position assumed by the young and rising statesman, on the occasion ot his first appearance in Washington. It was during this session likewise that he fust developed to the public that linn and un compromising hostility to all restrictions upon trade, which ever afterwards distinguished him. Even at the time when they were re sorted to as defensive measures by the gov ernment at Washington, he boldly, and at no ! little risk to his popularity, attacked the era -1 bargo and the restriction and non-importation 1 act sas measures highly prejudicial in an eco i nomical point of view, whilst they tailed to se cure the political object which had led to their ; adoption. It was in delivering himself of those opinions that lie enunciated those broad prin j ciples of economical science to which he ever afterwards steadily adhered, and in the early espousal of which he was so far in advance of ninetentlis of the leading statesmen of his time. > Notwithstanding this he has been falsely ac- cused by some, as the author of the protective system in America. The charge, than which none can be more unfounded, is made to rest upon the iact that he assented to and chiefly promoted the high tariff of 1810. llut that tariff was neither proposed nor adopted w ith u view to protection, bqt simply with a view to revenue; the policy of the government then being to raise ay large r.-yeiiye as possible, with a view to the speedy extinguishment of the debt occassioned by the war. That the tariff in question gave u great stimulus to the manufacturing interest, which has since been incessantly clamoring for protection, is not to be denied; but this was one of the results, though not the object of the tariff. Since that time he struggled to regulate the exigencies of the treasury by a constant regard to the stric test economy, and to adjust the tariff on an exclusively revenue basis, ft was during one of the most memorable of the contests which this question gave riße, that, in 1832, he threatened to dissever the Union, unless re gard were had, in the financial policy of the country, to the interests of tfle South. 4t that time,he obtained only a compromise, but.his views and principles triumphed in 1840, wheu Congress, confining itself to its constitutional limits, adjusted the tariff with a view solely to the exigencies of the revenue. To detail Mr. Calhoun’s progress in public ! life would be but to recapitulate the history of the country for the last 40 years, Suffice it to say, that hr or out oi Congress he Was bvfcr a iVian of action—llia name was'assoe'ated more of less with all the iuorc prominent events of' his time. Jt was ff fftihg the Tfeui' of Mr. Jfonroe, tffaf after having distin guished'himself sos mmiy yparg iu'tffe Opacity ! of a legislator, an opportunity was afforded him of developing his administrative power. For upward of seven years he presided over t the war department, during which time lie mtrouU!~' r " tora “ tilfOlCfid »U SCOttOUiy which some of our oWn administrators would do well to study. About the close of Mr. Mou i voe'b second term, he was nominated with tive 1 others for the Presidency. IJis panic, howeVer, : was soon afterwards withdrawn, but although thare was, on that occasion, no election of President by the peopie, Mr. Calhoun was 1 chosen Vice' President by a large majority. On the expiry of his term he returned to the Sen ate, as one of the two representatives of South Carolina, in which body he remained till the j hour of his death. It was also in that body 1 that, in lg 46 he whom 1812 successfully ad- j vocateil a resort to arms, when he regarded a j different course inconsistent with either honor or safety; calmly, resolutoly, and successfully opposed the warlike projects formed by a reck less band upon an imbecile administration for an incommensurate object. If Mr- Calhoun | was the author of tl' f P declaration of the war in 1812, U was to hi* temperate counsels end 1 ,-raet influence that the world, in a gTeat <le- [VOL. XXVIII.—NEW SERIES.—VOL. V—NO. M gree, owed the maintenance of peace in 1846. The subjects with which Mr. Calhoun, du ring his long public care r, was most promi rently mixed up, were such as had reference to banking, currency, the tariff, the indepen dent treasury system, state rights, and the ap propriation and the distribution oft he proceeds of the public lands. In stature and appearance Mr. Calhoun wns tall, and thin almost to being emaciated. He was a man of great energy, both meritnl and physical, although never possessed •'■! robust health. His temperament was highly nervous, notwithstanding which he had schooled him self into > reat self-command. His action was prompt as his perceptions were quick liis eloquence was nervous, but seldom impassion ed. a strong vein of common s >nse constantly characterising his most ambitious efforts at oiatory. His action, whilst speaking, was devoid of animation, but his words flowed forth in a torrent at onee rapid and volumi nous. His reading was great, his acquire ments were comprchendve. His mini was prone to generalisation, anil there was scarce ly an occurrence on which he commented, which be did not readily refer to its govern ing principle. In his private relations he was accessible and affable to a degree. His hones ty and sincerity of purpose, even in his most mistaken moods, were too obivious to be doubted. His society and convers-.tion had about them a charm anil a fascination that drew multitudes about him, but particularly ■the young. There was sweetness in liis voice, kindness in his deportment, and truthfulness in the mild lustre of his large grey eye. Ev ery one in has presence was * at once at liis ease, f.r whilst there was nothing sinister in his glance, so there was no ambiguity in his words, In this, as in many other respects, he was in perfect contrast to Mr. WJ-ster, that powerful, magnificent, but repulsive man. It is not easy to determine whether, in this crisis of her affairs, America ha- gained or lost by the death of Mr. Calhoun. The great er ror of his life was his position with regard to slavery. He was early side ted as the champ ion of Southern interests, and what began by being a policy, became at leng'h with him a creed. His chief object was to maintain, iu the federal councils, a balance of power be tween the Northern and Southern sections of the Union, anil it was because he foresaw the danger to that policy, vhich would arise from the spoliation of Mexico, that he reso lutely resisted tne war, so iniquitously pre cipitated with that republic. The event has justified his tears. The two sections of the Union are now arrayed against each other in a conflict which can only terminate by one or the otheT going virtually to the wall; and this crisis has been superinduced by the ac quisition of California. Had Mr. Calhoun led the moderate section of the couiliorn party, his death at this moment would have been an almost irreparable loss. But placed as he was necessarily at the head of tin- vio lent and sectional party in the South, who regard the Union as a secondary consideration to the maintenance of slavery, under liis pow erful guidance it is not easy to say to what lengths this faction would have gone ; but now that he is struck down, it will be aban doned to the direction of a host of incompetent and reckless leaders, whose extravagances will very soon rally a majority even iu the South around the standard of the Union. Under all the circumstances of the case, therefore, it is perhaps better for the Union and l’or himself that Mr. Calhoun has been withdrawn, al though his death will be a great blow to that interest in the South, which he devoted so large a share of liis energies to maintain, liis last testamentary speech to the Senate w is an appeal on behaif of slavery. Taking him all in all, with his virtues, which were many, and liis faults, which, though great, were tew, America, in the per son of Mr. Calhoun, has lost a Statesman of which she ought to be, is, and ever will b.i proud. (Reportedforth ? Baltimore Sun.) Thii ty-Pirst Congress-Ist Session. Wasiiivotow, May ■). SENATE. Mr. Clarke. Mr. Berrien, and oilier Senators who have been absent, resumed their scuts; , but the number of Senators in attendance was ; unusually small. Petitions were presented. A resolution for the printing of .'50,000 co pies of the second part ol the patent office re- j port was passed, after a humorous speech u- ‘ gainst it by Mr. Foote, in which he successful* I ly ridiculed the first part, about the fishes, lords, &c. The Senate took up Mr. Hunter’s bill t > ea- ; tablish ft board of accounts. Mr. Hunter -puke | in Savor of tire bill. Mr. Bradbury offered n substitute, which i was agreed to. After some debate, the bill ; was laid aside, and the Senate adjourned. HOUSE OF UEI’UKSENTaTI YES. Mr. Bayiv, from the committee on ways ; and means, reported back with suiondiueut i the deficiency bill which had been returned i from the Senate with amendment. On motion of Mr. Stanly, the rules were suspended, ayes 109, nays i-3, to enable kirn to introduce u resolution providing for the appointment ot a select committee of nine to investigate what clerks and heads of bureaus, under the late administration, wrote for poli tical papers, made stump speeches, and sub scribed money to defeat the election ol licit. Taylor. The resolution was passed. Mr. Burt asked tire unanimous consei;: of the House to introduce the following resolu tion > A join resolution to terminate the xr.h a, tide of the treaty between the United .States and Glreat Britain, concluded at Ws-I.ing ton on the 9th of August. Whereas the Sth article of the treaty con cluded between the government of the United States of America and the government of Great Britain, at Washington, the fit a day of August, A. 1)., 1842, stipulated that each party “ shall prepare, equip and maintain in service on the coast of Africa, a suftjcinqt u;;4 adequate squadron, or naval force or v> eels, of suitable numbers and descriptions, to ear* ry in all not less than eighty guns, to enforce separately and respectively the law-, rights and obligations of the countries for the sup. pression of the slave trade.” And whereas, by the 9th article of the .. .id treaty it is stipula cd, the eighth article of tfie ! same MshaU bp in force for five years from the j date of the exchange of the ratification-, ami I afterwards un il one or the other party .-’nail | signify the wish to terminate it," | Itcsolved, bv the Senate and FJouse ol H»p« ! yesentutives of the U. States ot 4mcrjen, i(t ! Congress assembled. That the jhesidpnt ire i and he is hereby required to. -igiiil'\ to the i government ot Great Britain l\\e vybffi "I the I government of the U. States to terminate fha ! Bth article ot thg treaty, cunanded between I then, at Washington, the 9th day oi August, ! A. IJ., 181-2. The House refused to suspend the rules by I a vote on yeas and nays, of 71 in the affirma tive, and 96 in the negative. On motion by Mr, Thompson, of I’a., the House resolved itself into Committee of the Whole on the State of the Union, (Air. Thomp son, of Miss., in the Chair, j and resumed the consideration of the Census Bill, The amendments of the Judiciary Commit tee to the Senate Bill, were generally ji.tr i cd, Mr- Vinton offered the amendments, oi which the gave notice a lew (lays ago, em powering the executive department of the government to have a census taken, forever hereafter, should Congress fail to pass any law for the purpose; also fixing as a per;v.a;,eut ratio the numb cr of 93G un less Congteasotherwise provide. Aftch which the Committee rose, and the House adjourned. [ Htporie<i fay tiw Hulti/nnic Clipper-}. Thirty-First Congress lat SeaMqn. W.vsui.vmox, April r, 18.50. SENATE. After petitions and reports, The bill to provide for the establishment ol ; a Board of Accounts, to examine all claims against the U. States, was taken up. Mr. lluutcr moved, and the blanks were : tilled as follows i fijr the salary of the tUrije fJonitnicsioncrs, | *4,000 per annum each. the Cfovermpeut Attorney $3,000 per annuv ( \. Por the two Clerks, $1,80» and $1,300, each respectively. The term of office in the bill tor the Com missioners was twelve years, one to vacate every four years. Mr. Whitcomb moved to strike out twelve j | years, and on this motion a long debate ensued, i and it was finally adopted-yeas 28, nays’ 20. Mr. lisle moved to insert that the Frau deut shall not remove the Com miss ion ers ex cept by and with the advice and conetnf ;.t (he Senate, and a debatp emued, in which the general subject of removals from ottiee took place. And pending the motion the Senate adjourned. ITOUSF OF REPRESENTATIVES. The select committee of nine, appointed in pursuance of Mr. Stanley’s resolution, (to in quire into the political conduct of oificers of the lust Administration.) consists of the fol lowing named gentlemen, viz: ■Messrs, Stanley, Inge, Schenck, Stanton of Kv., llaymond. Hibbard, Briggs, Fitch and Wil lianas. The resolution of Mr, Uuel, reported from the Committee on Foreign Adairs, declaring that it is of importance that the free navigation of the river St. Lawrence should be enjoyed by the United States, was referred to the committee of the Whole on the state of the Union. The House resolved itself into a committee of the Whole on the State of the Union, and resumed the consideration of the Census bill. The amendment pending was that of Mr. Vinton—that the act shall continue in force until altered or repealed; and, if no other law be passed, providing for the taking of any sub sequent census of the United States, on or be fore the first clay of January of any year when, by the Constitution of the United States, any future enumeration of *he inhabitants thereof is required to be taken, such census shall, in all things, be taken and completed according to the provisions of this act. Messrs. Vinton and Thompson, of Pa., made a lew remarks, when the amendment was adopted. The other amendment of Mr. Vinton was ruad—that from and after the third day of March, 1853, the House of Representatives shall be composed of two hundred members.to be apportioned among the several States in the manner directed, (in the next succeeding section of this act;) —when new States are ad mitted, their representatives to be in addition to the two hundred members above mention ed. Various amendments were offered, to in crease the number of representatives, from two hundred to two hundred and sixty; and speeches of five minutes were made. Q ues tions were taken, but Mr. Vinton’s propsition, was not altered. Mr. Bowie made an unsuccessful ell'art to have a representative to every one hundred thou sand persons, and made appropriate remarks. Mr. Vinton’s amendment was finally agreed to—ayes 72, noes 63. Mr. Jones offered an amendment—that the election for member of Congress shall be uni form throughout the United .State—the first under this appointment to be held on the first Thursday in May, 1853. Mr. Houston suggested a modification, which Mr. Jones accepted, viz : that the first election shall take place on the first Tuesday after the first Mon day in November, 1852. The question being taken, th amendment was rejected. Mr. Miller then offered a substitute for the bill—proposing to ejntine the census to the emuneration of inhabitants. It was reject ed—ayes 50, nays 92. The committee rose, when Mr. Thompson, ol Pennsylvania, moved the previous ques tion ; which was seconded. Many of the amendments of the committee were concurred in, when, reserving the re mainder for to-morrow, The House adjourned. (t'Wi'exjxtndiwi- (J l the Charleston Cnm'inw Washington, May 4. The return of Chevalier de Bodisco to i is post, as Envoy from llugsia to the United States, is highly gratifying to our citizens, among whom he is popular. For a number of years there has not .been a more intelligent and respectable representation of foreign pow er here, than at present. The President had his last reception, for the season, last night; and, from nine till eleven the rooms were well thronged. I am informed that the Compromise Com mittee will be ready to report on Tuesday, the 7th. Every essential point is considered as settled, except the boundary to be proposed to Texas, and the sum to be offered to her. It is determined to embrace, in one hill, every thing that relates to the government of terri tory acquired from Mexico. The Senate will not separate these measures, but an attempt to tbr-ic v. ill be made, and. perhaps success fully, in the House. There is to boa severe struggle; but the belief is that, alter a con ference between the two Houses, the firm de termination of the Senate will prevail. Should the House succeed in separating the three measures, nothing will be settled at this session, for nothing but the bill, admit ting California will, in that case, pass the House. There is much feeling still on the subject of the several Committees of Investigation of the House. It is believed that they will re port fully and explicitly on all the points of the investigation ot which they were charged, and thus put the charges against the Secreta ries at rest. From ail that we can learn, wo are disposed to believe that the evidence of Mr. It. .1. Walker, and of the late Comptroller, Mr. McCulloch, went to substantiate the justice of the (ialphin claim for interest; and that the evidence of Mr. Meredith, and of Mr. Keverdy Johnson, completely vindicated Mr. Crawford from the supposition that he had used his olHcial or personal influence in pro curing the allowance of the Claim. The Departments, in consequence of the clamor lately raised on tire subject, of allow ances, have become more timid than ever as to the payment of any claims, however just and unquestionable. Congress, in the mean time, does not pretend to look at the private calendar. Public creditors are deprived of all means of obtaining justice. One more inves tigation Committee should be raised, whose duty it should be to inquire and report upon the number and amount of just claims, which the Departments have refused or neglected to settle, thus compelling tire parties to go to Congress for relief. It is stated, in Mr. Hock well's report on a Board of Claims, that the leading nations of Europe, “ suffer claims against the Govern ment to be examined and decided by the Common Courts of Justice, and in the way of a common, law suit," Our Government has furnished no adequate tribunal for the pur pose. Mr. Hunter will, at the earliest day prac ticable, press upon tl;c Senate his bill for the establishment of a Board of Accounts. Mr. Pearce’s Committee on the affair be tween Mr. Benton and Mr. Footo, held a long meeting yesterday, and examined a number of witnesses. Ue.uii ur JvuqK lt(cn.vnusoA. —The pen ia scarcely dry, with which we lecoidei the lamented decease of one of the ornaments of our Chancery Bench* and we are now, with deep and sincere regret, called on to an nounce the departure, from his sphere of use fulness and honor, of the venerable chief of our Law Bench, after more than thirty years oi eminent and faithful puldis service in his judicial capacity. Tuo lion. John S. lfich- ’president of our Law Court of ,\p ptals and the Patriarch of our fc?t"i& Judiciary, is no more. lie died; ;u„jy yesterday morn ing, at the {.’atvjinu Hotel, in this city, after a protracted aud severe illness of aoout live weeks, at the advanced age of >3, years. The hand of disease was laid upotf him, while at the post ofd’jty, at the commencement of the late term of the Court us General Sessions and Common picas for Colleton District, at Wul turborough; aud, by his own request, he was removed to this city, where Ids family ami friends gathered about his bed ■ Jdu and sooth ed his dying moment, l,y laei; affectionate at tentions, -t-m « altered under a, complication of distressing disorders, enduring an eyees, of suffering, which seldom falh;td the lot of hu manity, (as was well amt eloquently said, by one ol speakers at the meeting of the ChotlcsWtt Bar yesterday,) “with Christian humility and Kouian Imp,ness," uml submis sively yielding uj, lus life to the. Divine Will. Okurh'Ho/i Courier, 'U/i inst. Mr. George J. Bulloch, the absconding Cashier ot the Central llail Road Bank, arriv ed in this city on Sunday liignt, in charge of olliecr Butman of the Boston police, find Shcr iff i’rcndergust of this place. He was taken iu the harbor of Fowey, iu Wales, as the achy. Abel was going in. 'l*. B.ntiyuui appears to fiave been (fret ou the ground. Having learn ed, on hi- airiyal at Fowey, from the conver sation of two English officers, who were also on the lookout, that the had not arrived be procured a pilot boat and crew, and played about the harbor for several days, and final ly succeeded iu boarding the schooner and npprchendirig Mr. Bulloch. \\ e understand that both Mr. and Mi. Butman olaiin the reward oti'ered for h'.s ap, t\.hoi,»iou. ft is probably therefore, ibat toe flauli will deposit the money, $.5,000, , in. the custody of the Couit, until 3 bill of iu -1 terpleader can lie tiled. ->>kl the question judi* I dally sculp'd. i'he it appears, encountered bad wea ther ou the passage out. She had acme of her sails split, a part of her head rails washed away, and her rudder damaged. —Savannah Republican, \th «'««<. Official Correspondence BETWEEN'THE BRITISH MINISTER AND SECRETARY OF STATU. The following official communication, dis closing as it does, in paTt, the policy of the Imperial Government of Great Britain with reference to the Canada, is a most impor tant document. Should legislation on the part of this gov ernment follow, it is hoped that the whole question of our policy with reference to the Canadas, will lie fully and fairly discussed, %* the highest consequences are involved. I iticii'Roci rv.— navigation of the at. LAWaswcr.. Mr. Huiwcr to Mr. Clayton. BamsH Legation, March 27th, 1850- sir: —l have received the favor of your communication of yesterday’s date, enclosing; me ono to yourself from the Chairman of the Committee of Commerce, of the House of Representatives, respecting the navigation of the River St. Lawrence, and the feeling which | her Majesty’s Government might entertain ■ towards granting to the shipping and citizens i of the United States, the free transit on that • liivpr, in the event of the Canada Reciprocity t Bill, now before Congress, being passed by i the American Legislature, and -the general commercial relations between the United States and the Canadas being placed on a foot ing more satisfactory to all pnrties. I feel myself authorized to state in reply to you, that Her Majesty’s Government, enter taining a cordial desire to promote a good ! understanding with this country, nnd to fa ; eilitate every measure which can tend to es | tablish the amicable intercourse between it 1 and the various portions of Her Majesty’s ; empire, takos a sincere interest in the success | of that measure, which has already been con ditions ly approved of by the Legislature of the Canadas, and which I may respectfully remark, seems to me the natural consequence of those measures by which the market of I Great Britain have already been opened toth«- ’ agricultural produce of this counrty. The desire thus described would, as you may imagine, be still further increased on finding it responded to here; whilst the course which the Committee on Commerce has sug - gested, and which you have complied with by addressing yourself to Her Majesty’s Itepre- I sentntive on a subject which cannot but be of Imperial, as well as Colonial interest, will i also, I feel certain, be considered as a proof ot • the friendly spirit towards the Government of England, and which exists throughout Her Majesty’s dominions toward :n~ people and Government of this country. I feel no hesitation, 'heioiore, in stating that the instructions with which I came to the United States, wan ant me. under such circumstances, in assuring you tnat should a bill corresponding to that which has received the sanction of the Legislature in Canada, be passed by the Legislature of the United •States, and receive the sanction of the Presi dent ot the United States, Her Majesty’s Gov ernment will be ready to respond to any ap plication which the United States Govern ment may then address to it, on the subject concerning which you have now applied to me, by at once consenting to open the navi gation of the River St. Lawrence, and the canals thereto adjoining, (and which would be duly specified) to tlieslui ping and citizen* of tlic United States. I need not observe to you that Her Majes ty’s Government would ot course in such case reserve to itself the full right of with drawing the aforesaid concession upon giving due notice of such intention, whenever it might deem proper so to do: as m fact the Government and Legislature ot the United States can likewise alter, whenever it may so j deem proper, whatever reg ilaiions or laws they may now sanction. It gives me great pleasure to nave it thus in my power to satisfy yourself and the Com mittee of the House of Representatives, with respect to the question contained in your note and its enclosure, anil 1 avail myself of this opportunity to renew to you the assur ance of mv highest consideration. i Signed) 11. L. BUI AVER. Hon. J. M. Clayton, &e. &c. Cei.rivATio.v or Cotton in India. —The London Examiner contains an able article on this subjact, induced by the attempts of the Manchester merchants and manufacturers to procure Cotton from the East Indies. The Examiner enters into the cause of failure, and shows to demonstration that these causes are irremovable. The two obstacles are, high rent and difficulty of transport. No populous country, it is contended, with high vents, can furnish the necessary quantity of a bulky staple like raw cotton, in open competition with countries equally favored by soil ami climate for its production, in which there is no rent, and in which transport is tar cheaper. India is a country densely populated, some of, its provinces having 500 and ever t»OU inhabi- - tunts to the square mile. Its rental 5s propor tionubly high. Kent, whether paid to a pri vate proprietor, or to government, constitutes, a charge on cultivation lrom which there is rut escape. In the Cotton growing region of iho United S at’es, the population is relatively to the land so sparse that no monopoly of the latter and consequently no rent, exists. Ths« renders it impossible for over populated coun tries, with land monopoly and high rents, to maintain i competition in raising, for foreign markets, raw products of a bulky character. But when to this disadvantage is added the much greater expense of transportation, com petition is removed at an immeasurable dis tance, m the future, if it is even possible.— The editor of the Examiner affirms “ that ni ter the cotton has been brought to the near est. port of export to Europe, Bombay, it has to be conveyed by a voyage or about six time* the length of one from Baltimore or New Or leans. In the most fertile part of all India, the lower portion of the Valley of the Ganges, instead of yielding a surplus tor exportation has been importing it for the last seven years from the less populous and lower-rented in terior—in some cases by a bad land carriage or an uncertain river navigation, often extend ing between them to fifteen hundred miles.— Good roads and an improved inland naviga tion would no doubt diminish the cost of transport, but the owners of cotton, or some, one else, must pay for these, improvement#, which would, moreover, increase the rent ot' the land, and enhance the prime cost of the cotton. What applies to roads and river na vigation, applies equally to railways. Sc* bulky an article as cotton, at the place of growth, can never be carried profitably by this costly conveyance. Out of nearly three millions and a half of tons of coal supplied to Loudon, railroad* furnish none, and even inland navigation not more than lift}’thou sand. America, unburthened by rent, ha* magnificent navigable rivers for the conve nient transport of its raw cotton, India, speaking commercially, has no navigable rivet but the Ganges ; very uncctnvenient in com parison with the American streams, not to say that th?ra are no countries producing cot ton within one thousand u;i'es of i’s debouch ment, American has cheap and convenient, navigable canals j India has none at all, amt from jts physical aspect little capacity for ♦heir admission.” “ Besides this, China, although itself a great cotton growing country, produces it, owing to the high rents of a highly-peopled coun try, at high cost, and cannot yield enough for its own consumption. Consequently it is. and ha* been for a century back, a good mar ket tor the small surplus produce oi' India, at about one-sixth part the distance from England; the transport being by the sam«* class of shimiug and the same capitalists, to both countries.” From these considerations the writer con cludes thnt the merchants and manufacturers of Manchester had better employ their efforts! to extend and improve the commercial inter course between England and the United States, the only country capable of yielding a •supply of cotton, instead of endeavouring; vainly to counteract the decree of nature and the force of circumstances. Soi I’IIEKN WoMEX— 'i'HEIKTUUE BRR£DIXO Gknkhous.— On Southern plantations, the houses are generally of wood, large and com modious, hut built with little regard to ele guttue, and furnished with a simplicity which Would shock the cyo of a third-rate votary of fashion in a northern city. In these simple homes, however, you may enter without fear; •• stranger” is there a sacred name; and you will find yourself entertained with an open hearted hospitality which may well reconciles you io the absence of some accustomed luxu ries. In the dwellers in these homes, you will timl generally the easy, courteous bear ing which distinguishes the best society every where. In them, too, yon will often find the. highest intelligence in the land ; and it will be readily perceived that the result of this at tainment of high cultivation in the inartificial life of the country, must ho the formation of a character uniting in a wo degree, refine ment and simplicity. b'o this union, we think, Southern women are indebted for that charm so generally at tributed to their manner —a charm which is never felt so fully as in their own homes* where all aruund them bear the impress of their own spirits. In the life they lead., them is little of moment, but personal qualities, j The fact that the changes of property are less ' frequent and violent in au agricultural then . in a comm ex vial country—that families re main lunger in their relative positions in the 1 urat thnu in the last—has given, it is true, a 1 higher value to blood, to family distinction. : at the South thnu at the North, yet acurcely i sufficient to ufi'eet the reception of an indi ! vidual ot society. The true gold of charac- I ter will there pass current, oven though it. may lack the “guinea’s stamp."— Merchant'* iMvj Rook. Fishy. —There is a paper called the Pikene, man, edited by a Mr. Tike, and published the town of Piketon, Pike county, Ohio,