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totrltli) (ikoratu cHonsfitifttonalfet uni) itaabiic
BY JAMES GARDNER, JR.
AUGUSTA, GA.
SATURDAY MORNING, JANUARY 16.
Terms of Subscription. J
Dally Paper, per annum,advance. ,$S (Kt
Tri-Weakly ....... #OO
Weekly, porfcituiaxn In advaa0a........ 2 00
If paid within the year........... 2 50
At the end of the year. .... S 00
Qy Tho above tcnna will be rigidly mWbreed.
LaFaratta Ooaras.
Ssrowil Day— Purse s3oo—TAeo Milt Heats.
There wa* only one entry for the above puree,
Mr. T. W. E. Beall* c. tn. Theta, five years old,
by Imported Priam,dam Gamtna, who galloped
round.
Scomd Raes.
Mill Heats—Paris SIOO,
We wore not present to witness this contest,
but learn that it was an exciting one. There
were two entries, Col. N. B. Young's g. g. Josh,
by Grey Eagle,and Col. Harrison's b. f. by Tem
pest out of . Josh won both heats by about
one length—time of each heat 1 m. 56 s.
We were in error in reporting the time of the
Colt Stake on Tuesday. It was made in 3. 52,
the fust; and 3.41 j the second hoat.
Thursday—Three Mill Heats—Purse *SOO.
There were but two entries for this day’s
purse,*Mr.* T. W. E. Beall's ch. m. Elisabeth
MeNairy. and Mr. C. Greene's b, m. GolJfrin.
borfpw being well known to She sporting
.. Wmet n. neevi uaea. mu.«i as would do to stake
on, much interest was felt as to the result, as
soon as the entries were made known. If any
thing. Goldpin was the favorite at the start, and
although Elizabeth had her backers on winning
the first beat, few were confident enough to
back their judgment on the result of the race.
The general opinion, ns far as our knowledge ex
tends, seemed to be that Elizabeth would take
the first heat, and Goldpin win the purse.
Notwithstanding the weather was not very
propotious, there was a good attendance, and we
were pleased to observe several ladies in the
Club Stand. The track was rather heavy for
good time. *
First Heat.—At one o'clock precisely, both
horses were brought to the stand, in fine condi
tion and apparently eager for the contest.— ;
Goldpin was awarded the track, and at the tap i
of the drum they got oil well together. Gold- j
pin took the lead, and before reaching the back I
stretch, was about rive lengths ahead—Eliza- |
beth in hand. This distance she to kept the third j
mile. Or. reaching the back stretch, Elizabeth j
made an effort and lessened the gap between 1
her and her competitor, which gap she contin- I
lied to lessen until the quarter stretch was reach- ,
ed when her rider pul her to her work, and the
turn was scarcely made before she overtook
Goldpin, then passed, and came out winner
about two lenths. Time 5.50.
The face of things now changed. Elizabeth >
became the decided favorite, as it was evident 11
she had the speed, if not the bottom of her op- i
ponent. The backers of Goldpin, however, i i
were still willing to hazard on ker when odds ;
were given, and some few dimes changed hands ■ '
on this score. After the usual lime allotted for
rubbing down had expired, the bugle sounded
for their appearance at the stand.
Second Heat.—Both animals made their ap
pearance for another contest. Both had eooled
off well, and apparently were very little distress
ed. At the tap, they were eff again, with a good
start. Before passing the gate, Goldpin took the '
lead, and placed herself four or five lengths in 1
front. This position she kept, as in the first 1
heat, until the back stretch on the third mile
was reached, when Elizabeth went to work, and '
gradually decreased the distance between them, ! 1
n P to the distance stand, where they were lock I '
andlock. Now took place one of the most exciting 1
contests ever witnessed over the Course. The 1
friends of each were on tiptoe—each huiraing ’
for tbsir favorite—on thay camo, neck and j
neck, bath struggling to reach the stand first, <
it was difficult to de- i
would win the heat Un r-aenmg
the stri. g, however, Elizabeth eame in winner, «
Cfoldpin running her up to her saddle girth. •
Time, sm. 555.
RESULT. 1
T. W. R. Beall's ch. m., Elizabeth J
McAlary. 5 years, old.Thy Embassa
dor, dam Princes Ann, by Leviathan. 11 '
C. Green's b. f. Goldpin, 4 years old,
by Boston, dam by imported Goldwire. 2 2 ’
Time—lst Heat 5.50; Second 5.53.
FRIDAY —FOURTH DAY.
Four Milt Haiti—Purse >3OO. I
There were but two entries for this purse, viz:
J. Harrison’s ch. e. m., Maid of Edgecombe, and ,
Col. Green’s b. g. Lawson. As soon as the en
tries were opened, the knowing ones commenced
ofieiing one hundred to fifty on the Maid, at
which odds they found but few takers, little or j
nothing being known, except by the owners, of | ,
the speed or bottom of Lawson. Thus matters I .
stood until the crowd reached the ground, when '
the friends of the Maid, becoming more confi
dent of success, offered freely the odds of one ,
hundred to thirty, and one hundred to twenty,
which odds were generally taken up, some
of the takers remarking that it was a good “ fall
ing down” or “accident’’hazzard. But the con
test, it will be seen, was one of that sort which,
had the racing qualities of Lawson been general
ly known, the odds given would have been more
eagerly taken. The track was in better condi
tion than on yesterday, but the weather was
anything but promising. Notwithstanding, there
was a large attendance, and in the Club
Stand we observed several ladies, who seemed to
enjoy the sport and excitement of the scene.
At the usual hour, the horses were brought on
the ground, in good condition—Lawson, it was
thought by some, a little high in flesh for a four
mile heat. When stripped both presented a
beautiful appearance—the Maid as lively as a
cricket, with her nostrils extended, snuffing the
fresh air—while Lawson, was sedate and quite!
as though considering the task before him, and
whether it could be accomplished.
First Heat.—They both came up well togeth
er, and had a start that would have been called
excellent in a mile race. Lawson had the
inside; and took the lead, but he had not
reashed the gate before the Maid collared and
then passed him, coming out on the first mile
about five lengths ahead—time l.fifi. The second
mile the Maid held up, and Lawson got within
two length* of heron the back stretch, when the
Maid, not liking his proximity, widened the gap
to about four lengths, which distance she kept to
the turn, when Lawson made an effort, and suc
ceeded in diminishing the distance between them
to the string, she coming out ahead about three
lengths—time 1.59. The third found the Maid
kept about four lengths ahead, until the quarter
stretch was reached, when there was another at
tempt made by Lawson, but he could’nt come
it, although hefeucceeded in diminishing the dis
tance, the Maid reaching the string about the
same distance in advance as on the second round.
Now they are on the fourth and last mile.—
InWKn made a bold push and eame witbin two
lengths of her Ladyship, on the first stretch,
but she, as if not willing to have him approach
so near without her consent, gradually widened
the gap between them and eamein winner about
five lengths. Titneof the four miles 7:51L
Both horses cooled off well. The backers of
tlie Maid were still sanguine, notwithstanding
the good time made, and offered to pile up at
the odds given before the race ; one offer of one
hundred to ten was made, and taken that she
would win the next heat.
Second Heat. At the tap, they are off again
the Maid in the lead,Jwhich she kept, coming
out on the first, second and third miles from
three to four lengths ahead. Now came the
trying time, it was now or sever. They are
again on ths fourth mile. Lawsoa was put to
his work, and before the first quarter was reach
ed he succeeded in getting within two lengths
of hwcoquetish antagonist, when a shout went
up, which, however, was of short duration, as
the Maid soon widened the distance between
them; on the back stretch, Lawson made an
other attempt to overtake the ftur Maid and
gradually gained on her, to within about two
lengths, when another shout went up, which
was of as short duration as the first, for, catering
the stretch home, the rider of the Maid pat her
to her work, and sho gradually increased her
= distance, coming in winner by about three
lengths. Time 8.10.
• nsaur.T.
J. Harrison's ch. ». m., Maid of Edge
combe, 4 years eld, by Boston, Jr., dam by
Andrew. 11
C. Green’s b. g. Lawson, 4 years old,
by Wagner, out ol Min*tr*ll’» daaa. 3 3
Time—lst hoat 7.51|; 3d heat B.lok
aaeoan RAOS—COLT STAXIa.
Aft/r Haul—Entraiue s2oo— Forfeit SIOO.
Thera were six entries for this purse, but on
> lylhrea made their appearance. Tally’s c. g., by
, BootoiiyJr.; Harrison's b.jc. by Childe Harold,and
Fowler's b. c., by Sovereign. If the knowing
ones were awful on the first race, they were far
off the track in the second. The Boston colt
was decidedly the favorite before the start, and
he was freely taken against the field, and in
■ some instances odda were given, on him. The
, race, it will be seen, was a very interesting one;
after the first heal, the friends of the favorite
i found themselves in anything but a pleasant po
sition. Alter dinner was over, the three colt*
were brought on tho ground, and finer specimens
ot horse flesh have rarely been seen al one time
on any course.
First Heat.—Fowler had the track, Young
second. At the tap the} - were oil'. Fowler’s
colt took the lead,closely followed by the Boston
colt, and it was a beautiful contest between
them on the first quarter, but the Sovereign
blood was nyfau.l ho gradually diew ahead com
ing out winter ot the first heat—Voting's colt
dropping within the distance stand. Time 1 53.
Fowler's colt now became the favorite, and
bets were freely offered and accepted that he
would beat the Boston colt the next heat.—
Young's colt also had his friends, who offered to
take him at odds against the field. In various
ways, considerable fin was put up on the result
of the next heat and of the race.
Second llsir.—A good start was obtained.
Young's Colt succeeded in getting the lead, close
ly followed by the Boston Colt, and came in
winner. Time 1.52.
Young's Colt now became the general favorite
and was taken against the field. There was
some difficulty in getting a start—Fowler’s Colt
first got away from his trainer, and ran about a
j quarter before he could be brought up; then
; Young's Colt made a false attempt and ran about
j half a mile; oil the third trial the Boston Colt
j made the attempt, and he ran a mile and a quar
, ter before his rider could take him up. After
I allowing five or six minutes for the Boston Colt
i to eool off, they were all again brought to the
Island, for tho
Third Heat.—This time they got a fair start,
Fowler’s Colt in the lead, closely followed by
Young’s; it was an exciting struggle between
them for about halt a mile, when the position of
the horses was changed, Young's Colt taking the
lead, which he kept to the end of the race, beat
ing Fowler’s Colt about two lengths—the Boston
Colt just saving his distance. Timo 1.53 L
result.
Col. N. B. Young's (Harrison's) b. c.
by Childe Harold, dam Atlanta, 3 11
S. P. Fowler’s b. c. by Sovereign, dam
Celerity by Leviathan, 13 2
James Tally's c. g. by Boston, Jr., dam
by Collier out of Lady Jackson, 3 2 3
Time, Ist heat, 1.32; 2d, 1.53; 3d, 1.525.
Saturday —Last Day.
Mill Heati, but three its five —Purse S2OO.
The races over the LaFayette Course cloeed
yesterday, with the Jibove race, which created
considerable interest before the start, and more
after the first heat was run. There were three
entries, viz; Col. Harrison’s Tempest, N. B.
Young’s Kate Hays, and P. Bleakly's Bob Rid
ley. Before the start, Tempest was the general
favorite, and bets of two to one, and three to one
were freely offered on him against the field and
accepted. Other bate on him were also offered,
and edds given that ha would lose the first heat
and win the race.
At the appointed hour the three were brought
on the ground, and when stripped seemed to bo
in fine running condition.
second. At the tap, they were off, Ridley lead
ing, which he continued to do, until reaching
the back stretch, at which point he was about
rive lengths ahead of Kate, Tempest well up.—
At this point Ridgely took the ditch, and before
his rider could recover him, Kate and Tempest
both succeeded in passing him some five lengths,
and all thought he would bo distanced. It was a
beautiful contest, apparently, between Kate and
Tempest, on reaehing the quarter stretch, but
Kate came in winner, it being as much as the
rider of Tempest could do to confer on her that
honor. Time2.o7J.
Second Heat.—Ridgely took the lead, but
he had not gone more than half round before he
was collared and passed by Tempest, and in this
position they came to the string—Kate dropping
within the distance stand. Time 1.49.
Third Heat.—Tempest took the lead, closely
followed by Ridley, but he soon shook him off,
and took a respectable distance in front.—
From the entrance of the quarter stretch home,
Redley made a struggle, but his strides were too
short, and Tempest came in winner about two
lengths. Time 1.53.
Fourth Heat. —The owner of Ridley now
withdrew him, as he saw there wa, but little
chance of his taking the next heat. The con
test now was between Kate and Tempest. At
the tap they were off again, with a good staik,
Kate in the lead, which she kept for the first
quarter, when Tempest gallantly caught up with
her, and after running side by side for a short dis
tances, parted company, and came in an easy
winner. Timel.SßL
RESULT.
Col. Harrison’s ch. c. 3 years old
by Tempest, darn by Stockholder, 2 111
N. B. Young’s ch. tn. Kate Hays,
4 years old, by Glencoe, dam Lady
Lyons, 13 3 2
P. Blenkley’s Bob Ridley, 3
years old, by Emu, dam Linnet, by
Leviathan. 3 2 2 dr.
Time Ist heat, 2.07 k ; 2d, 1.49 ; 3d, 1.53 ; 4th,
1.56 k.
Thus ended the racing over the LaFayette
Course. It was one of the most pleasant and
quiet meetings we have ever seen. Good order
was preserved, ajj,d there was Isos rowdyism and
fighting than is generally seen in such a mixed
•ompany as usually visit the Turf. Messrs.
Pertear A Glover deserve much credit for the
ample arrangements made for spectators and
citizens, and their exertions to keep good order
on the Course.
From the African Squadron.—The brig
Planet, at Salem, Mate., brings dates from Port
Praya to Dec., 4th, and the letter bag of the
African Squadron. The U. S. sloop of war,
Germantown, was at Port Praya awaiting the
arrival of the John Adams, and was to sail on
the Sth for Goree and a cruise down the coast.
The brig Perry sailed on the 3d on a cruise to
Mourovia and the leeward coast. The brig
Bainbridge was at St. Vincent’s.
We learn from'the New Bedford Shipping List,
that the number of ship* and barques engaged in
the whale fishery, belonging in the United States
was on Jan. 1,1553,599; brigs, 30; schooners,
32; aggregate tonnage, 206,280. The past yonr
there has been an addition of 41 ships and barquos
and 3 brigs to the whaling business, and a dimi
nution of 3 schooners, and an increase in the ag
gregate of tonnage of 13,270 Os these 30/ ships
and barques, R brigs and 1 schooner, tonnage,
104,005 are owned in New Bedford; and 49 of
the former, tonnage 16,543, in Fairhaven.
Tremendous gales have recently swept the
Atlantic, rendering the effort* of the most pow
erful steam ship# to make headway against thorn
almost ineffectual. The steamers which left
England during tho month of December suffered
rnoat severely. Captain Nye, of tho Pacific,
speak* of tho voyage just eompleted as tba worst
he *vor rnado.
The Tennessee papers announce the death of
Hon. Daniel L. B*rreng*r,adietingui»hed citizen
of that State, and formerly a member of Congre**
from North Carolina.
BArrisri in MiMiseiFßi.—There aro 40,000
Baptist* in tho State. At a late State Conven
tion the sum of $30,000 was sutacribed towards
the endowment fiind of SIOO,OOO, proposed to ba
niisod for the Literary end Thoologieal Tnirtitu
tion looatod nt Clinton, MiwriMippi.
AUGUSTA, GEORGIA, WEDNESDAY MORNJNG, JANUARY 19, 1853.
Angnsta and Waynesboro Railroad.
Wo have before us (says tho Savannah Cour
ier,) the third annual reports of Alexander R.
Lawton, Esq., President, F. P. Holcomb, Chief
I.ngineor, and Joseph Bancroft, Secretary of the
Augusta and Wayneboro’ Railroad Company,
from which wo learn that the work on the road
is progressing rapidly, and it ia hoped, will be
completed during the present year. Tho opera
tion* of the contractors have been materially re
tarded by tho sickness, and by the recent rain*.
Such wa* the unheallhiness of tho country
that * on tho 23d of November last, out of iwen
ty-threu overseer* and managers, eighteen were
unfit for duty.' The aickaeu now having sub
sided, arrangement* have been made to place a
greatly increaawl force upon the heavy excava
tion* between Briar and Mcßean creeks. The
iron for the lower end ot the lino has been re
ceived. 1 hat for tho upper end is daily expect
ed and will bo shipped at once for Augusta by
steam boat, so that the work Os laying it can ba
prosecuted without delay.
Tho re«eipte of the Company have been $592,-
020,00, of which sum $157,598-55 have been ex
pended, for engineering, grading, superstructure,
iron, dejiota, right of way, &c, Ac. leaving the
sum $3 1,121,45 on hand. There is still due from
stockholders $51,880, making the amount on
hand and available 886,301 -15. Alluding to this .
fact and to the early exhaustion of these funds
, tho President States that tho board have deter
, mined to issue tho Bonds of the Company paya
ble in ten years, aud bearing an interest yf 7 per
i cent, for tho purpose di completing the work.
These Bonds he thinks will be eagerly sought al
ter as safe investments, especialty when it is
known that three fourths of the cost of the entire
work have actually been paid for in ensA, and
that the stockholders are guaranteed 7 per cent,
per annum by tho Central Company. The
length of the road is 53 10 miles—which will
make the distance from Augusta to Savannah
when the work is completed only 133 miles.
The reports upon the whole aro quite as full and
satisfactory as could have been expected. The
road is worked, as intimated above, by the Cen
tral Company, and therefore these reports could
not be expected to give any details of its busi
ness. We feel confident however that the work
will pay the stockholders well, and be of im
mense service to both Savannah and Augusta.
Report
Os the President and Directors of the jlu"usta
and Waynesboro’ 1 Railroad to the Stockholders.
It becomes our duty at the Alose o another
year, to submit a Report of the operations of the
Company during that period, and the present
condition of its affairs. As these are confined
almo«t entirely to receipts, disbursements, and
work done upon the road,jthe Report of the Chief
Engineer, herewith presented, and the tabular
statement of the Secretary, which is attached,
put the Sockholders in possession of all the items
of information on the subjects, which the Board
can furnish.
Twelve months since the grading, masonry,
and bridging of the twenty miles of road nearest
Augusta, had just then been put under contract.
The first monthly “ Estimate” of work done on
that division was returned in February last. The
work on that portion of the line ha* been so con
stant!}' and judiciously pressed forward by the
contractors a* to give the Board but little uaeasi
ness on account of delay, and no causes can now
be seen which are likely to prevent its comple
tion at an aarly period within the present year.
It is due to ihsse energetic contractors to say,
that much greater progress would have been
made, but for a summer of almost unprecedented
aicknes, followed by a season of excessive rains.
The disasiious effects fromthes* causes wore, in
a great measure, beyond their control.
The delay and disappointments which have
marked the progress of that part of the work ly
ing between Briar and Aleßaan creeks, referred
to in the chief engineers report, have been ob
served with great uneasiness by the Board. The
fact that this point is nearly midway between
the Central Railroad and Augusta, and while
unfinished is an obstacle in the way of the use of
the Road at either’ end, has induced the Board
to make arrangements for a large and efficient
force to be placed at once upon it. It is hoped
that these energetic measures will ensure its
completion by the time the superstructure laid
simultaneously from Waynesboro’ and from Au
gusta, shall have reached that point.
The iron ordered for the middle division of the
> 4ixynJ[X&XMp*V | y < >’.*P.Q r avesLatc>re, arriv
—exce'ine iai.’j icai lial'u
down beyond trial point.-—This supply of iron,
which has been paid for, will complete the track
for more than two-thirds of the entire length of
our road. A casgo now daily expected in Sa
vannah, will be forwarded on its arrival, by
steamboat, to Augusta, where every tiring is in
readiness to commence laying the track from
that point downwards.
The aegotiations with the City Council of
Augusta, pending at the date of our last report,
have resulted in the purchase of a site for a depot
at a merely nominal price. This site is conve
nient and well adapted to our use, in size, shape,
and location ; and is now in our possession, rea
dy to receive the depot buildings, soon to be erec
ted there.
The funds arising from the payment of sub
scriptions to tbe Capital Stock of the Company
will soon be entirely expended on the work.
As tho Board at present sees no prospect of ma
king any considerable additions to the list of
Shareholders, steps have been taken to issue 7
per cent, bonds es the Company, payable in ton
years. These bonds ought to be disposed ol
very readily, as they will constitute the only in
cumbrance on the Road when completed. More
than three-fourth* of tho entire work will have
been paid for, in cash, before the bonds are issued;
and the Read will be yielding 7 per cent, on the
cost, under a contract with the Central Compa
ny, before the first year’s interest on the bond*
accrue. With .wt-h security they cannot fail to
be sought after'Ls a desirable investment.
The Road to Waynesboro’ has been worked
by the Central Railroad Company,since the ear
ly part of May last, under the arrangement re
ferred to in our last annual report. The indica
tion* aro such as to satisfy the Board that the
travel on this route, when opened through to
Augusta, will be very largo, and tho business of
fered quite equal to the expectations ot the most
sanguine friends ofthe work.
Respectfully submitted,
A. R. LAWTON, President.
Savannah, Jan. 1, 1853.
Statement
Os Receipts n.nd. Disbursements of the Augusta
and Waynesboro R’atflroad, to 31*S December,
1852, inclusive.
RECEIPT*.
Capita! Stock on 6,132 shares of SIOO each,
“ '* in Cash and Bonds $567,320 00
Issued for interest duo
to Stookholdcrs,347 shares 24,700 00
$#92,020 00
On tho above 6,192 share*
there is duo from Georgia
Railroad A Banking Co.
not yet called for SSO per
share on 1,000 shares.. . $50,600
And from Individual Stock-
holder*.. I.SBO
$51,880
DISBURSEMENTS.
For Surveys and Bnginooring, inclu
ding eos! of a preliminary Survey
made in September, 1849, and out
lay for Horses, Mules, Wagon*,
In«trum«nt*, Camp Equipage, and
Salarits $27,430 96
For Construotien, eoat of
Iron, Freight, io $141,908 45
Coat of Spikes, Chairs,
Switch®*, 4e 15,512 91
Amount paid to Con-
• tractors, including coat
of buildings at 79 milo
Junction, A at Waynes
boro, Way Stations,
Ciatern Houses,Bricks,
Lumber and other ui»-
toriala #31,348 51—5188,769 87
For Right of Wny 8,117 02
For interest 217 shareo
stock issued. 24,700 00
Loss amount received for
premium and interest
on Bonds sold 7,057 46
For Incidental expense* 45(1 86
For Salaries 10,417 67
For Advertiaing and Printing 503 63
For Depot Lote at Angnsta 4,200 00
VUKDS on hand.
Cash 17,421 45
Central Railroad Bands. .17,000 00 34,421 45
$592,020 00
Saiiannn.h, Jantuny 1. 1853.
JOS. BANCROFT, Secretary.
An English savante baa discovered a preven
tive of *oa-aickno*s —which consists aimply in
holding in tho hand a tumbler of water filled to
the brim. There i* no difficulty in holding the
glass—but a good deal in preventing the spilling
ofthe water. This can only ba effected by tho
■ whole body acquiring the motion of the vessel—
and therein consists tbe virtue of tire proposed
preventive. Tho holding tho glass filled with
water will facilitate tho acquisition of tho ve«-
s®l’« motion.
The total value of the foreign export* from
Baltimore for tbe week ending on Thursday, was
$167,234- The export of breadstuff* for the
week eompri*** 18,633 barrel* of lions, 1923 bar
r«l* of »orn masl.and 4,190 burirels of corn.
[COMMUNICATED.I
Harper*’ Magazine.
Mr. Editor .—Verily, v*rily, thisi* an age of
improvement. HaipcrP M'lgueins contain*, as
an embellishment, tho picture of a naked negro
One would have hardly looked for such a por
trait, even in a hook on anatomy,or physiology;
but who would have thought, that a periodical,
that ha* any pretension to politeness, would
have so far forgotten it* dignity, a* to have
shocked the modesty of it* r*ad*rs, and disgraced
it* pages, by »o dteginting a picture? Well, if
the editor persist* in thia way of showing naked
mortality a* an evidence of hi* refined and
aesthetic taste, it ia to be hoped that he will
ascend a grade higher in exemplification by giv
ing u* specimens of the- tchite genus homo. A
negro is no curiosity, and a naked one cannot be
an object of beauty. What then, could have in
duced Harper to have marred his magazine with
such blot* upen mankind ? It is said that true
beauty, when least adorned, is adorned tho most.
If this be his refuge, I would suggest to him the
propriety of visiting Africa, where he may de
light his vision, and f«a*t his olfactories on those
flowers of humanity. But, in behalf of society,
(especially the female part,) in behalf of civili
zation, and in behalf of decency, I protest against
tho impropriety, the indecency and barbarity of
exhibiting naked and half naked negroes as pic
torial embolishment*.
J. R. 3., Coweta.
PassenobrDepot at Atlanta. —A meeting
of the ojfoti <.t the diffciSlit rail'tifttfe terinia.i--
ting nt Atlanta, was held in that city last week,
for the purpose of making the necessary arrange
ments for the construction, of a joint passenger
depot for tho accommodation of the travelling
public. We regret to learn, by the Atlanta In
telligencer, that no satisfactory plan was adopted
by the conference, and therefore, passengers ar
riving and departing at all hours of the night,
and in all kinds of weather, are to hold their
vigils over their “ bag and baggage” without
benefit of shelter, as heretofore. Who ia respon
sible for this unpleasant state of things, we know
not, and all the harm we wish them, ia an occa
sional descent into the mud and mire of Atlanta,-
followed by a slight paroxysm of the asthma.
In all seriousness, the reputation ot the State, no’
less than tho health and comfort of the traveller,
imperiously demands the prompt erection of a
common passenger depot, at this great central
i point of railroad connexion.— Southern Retordcr
11M inst.
Florida R. R.—South-Western Railroad
We are gratified to see that the Florida Legis
lature has passed acta of incorporation for Rail
roads through that State, especially the one in
corporating the “Pensacola, and Georgia Rail
road Company,” providing for a road “irorn Pen
sacola to any point on the Western or Southern
boundary line of Georgia.” This road, as we
understand, is intended to unite with our South
western road, and as the latter road is expected
to be extended from Oglethorpe to Americus
early ing 1854, we feel cheered at seeing the
great work still inching its way onward. It has
been truly remarked, that “the history of Rail
roads in Georgia demonstrates the impossibility
of resisting Railroad connection. Private iater
ests will yield to pnblic convenience.” And this
will, sooner or later, certainly be the case by the
completion of the great direct thoroughfares,
North and South. Now, if the advocates of this
grand measure in Hancock and Warren would
unite their efforts and provide for its construc
tion from Warrenton to Sparta, we feel assured
that .the portion to the latter place here, would
soon also be completed. Will they not be.stirred
up to an effort, not only from their individual
interest, but for the good of the country at large?
The csnnecticn West from this, via Macon, Fort
Valley, Columbus and Opelika to Montgomery,
Alabama, will soon be made—the whole route
being under contract. Why should the only
connecting link North be longer neglected ? An
energetic move in the matter is certainly all that
is needed.
Let our friends in Warren and Hancock then,
keep this ball in motion until it reaches a suc
' Ornate
that this important work be placed in tua
of men of publie spirit and inlbiencn, who will j
press forward to a speedy Consummation.—-Mfi-js
Recorder, llth inst-.
At a supper, which he attended in Providence
a few evenings since, Mr. Thaekery said—and
he did not care how far it was repeated—that he •
had no intention of writing a book upon the
United States. He spoke with feeling of the
great kindness and cordiality with which he had
been received in this country.
Suicide of Mr. G. W. Elmore. —The
Home Gazette. 13th inst says: “ In our allusion
to this melancholy affair in our last number, we
stated that various causes were assigned for the
commission of the rash act.—Since that time
however, we are convinaed from circumstances
related to us of his general deportment for a
few days before his death, and by statements
contained in letters left upon his table, directed
to his friends, that lie was laboring under tem
porary insanity. There is no doubt whatever
that he committed the deed in a state of mental
aberation. It is due to the memory of Mr. El
more, that this statement should be made. All,
who knew him, concur in bearing testimony to
his high moral character and attention to busi
ness. —His recent employers speak of him in
the highest terms, as a gentleman of strict in
tegrity.
The Maine Lands.—The Massachusetts
Council has voted not to ratify the sale of the
Maine lands. It is stated that the Council was
tied on the question, and that the Governor gave
his casting vote against the measure.
The Milledgeville Recorder, says: “The
Hon. Peter E. Love, was elected by the peo
ple on the first Monday in this month, Judge
of the Superior Court of the Southern circuit.
The following are the returns so far as re -
ceived, which places the result beyond doubt,
viz ; Lovn. Morgan. Platt.
Pulaski, 401 30
Telfair, 131 4
Laurens, 379
Irwin, 201 7 6
Lowndes, 137 15
Thomas, 398 8
EAitTnquAKs.—About 8 o’clock on the even
ing of Saturday the Bth inst, a slight shock or an
Earthquake was felt by the citizens of Milledge
ville and the surrounding country. It was pre
ceded by a low rumbling noise like distant thun
der. As it appeared to strike the house in which
' were sitting, th* windows rattled and the whole
house trembled, some others in our vicinity de
scribe it as much more severe; it lasted but a mo
ment—Federal Union,llth inti.
T«r Dead or 1852.—The list of the dead for
the past year, includes such names re Daniel
Webster, Henry Clay, John Scrgea*c, Prince
•chwartzenberg, David Graham, Robert Ran
toul, Roger Jones, Arthur Wellssly, John Mc-
Kinly, Wm. Ware,Thomas Moore, Samuel PiPfjJk
' Horatio Greenough, Edward Seguin, Ada By
ron, Junius Brutus Booth, John Frazee, John
! Haviland, Sir John Harvey, Admiral Wormley,
Marshal Marmont, Robert Blackwood, Baron
Krudener, A. J. Downing, Pugin, D’Orsay,
Jahonor, Mapleson, among the statesmen, ar
tists, scholars, and eminent citizens; while among
< the clergy are recorded the deaths of three Bishops
I of the Protestant Episcopal, (Chase, Gadsden,
7 and Henshaw,) and one (Hedding,) of the Me
-3 thodist Episcopal Church, together with the
8 learned Drs. Stewart, Ballon, and Nott, three
most eminent clergymen.
5 Hogs.—There is one idea connected with this
j subject, which we think should bo enforced up
on the minds of Georgia. Planters. Small, in
deed, compared to the importation of past years,
has been the number of hogs driven into Geor
gia the present season. The pens in this city
are nearly empty, and there is no prospect of a
II supply shortly. It is a fact that cannot bo con
o coaled or misunderstood, that the system of
0 packing in the West is carried on to such an ex
tent, as to affect very seriously the pork marke
• in Georgia and other sea coast States. Every
10 year the number of hogs packed in Cincinnatti,
St. Louis, and other depots of the west, steadily
,] increases. The Drovers find it to their interest
, to lay in large supplies of Bacon. It is easily
1 understood how this operation may affect the
■" prices of hogs brought into Georgia from Ten
nessee and Kentucky. Our Planters should
turn their attention more to raising hogs. They
m may ultimately, be forced to supply the Home
lg market, and it is a matter of serious importance
to themselves, which should be| duly weighed
' and considered. High prices, exorbitant prices,
f- will rule, if this thing is neglected.— Milled n»-
Univn, llth inst.
Important Diplomatic Oorro»pon<I*no» Respecting
Cuba.
Vr. 1° Mr. Crampton, (« similar drepatch
h/fting bten addressed to M. di Sartigti.)
Department of Stat* I
Washington, Dec. 1, 1852. J
SitU '• JU aro well acquainted with tho rnel
aßcholy rcumstanses which have hitherto pie
vented _ eply to tho note which you addressed
to mydKtxlecessor on the Bth of July. That note
and thb u it ruction of Lord Malmsbury of the Sth
of Apr, accompanying it, with a rimilar cum
m»nic|tiou from tho French Minister, and the
prop. tpi a convention between the three I’uw
srs relat'vo to Cuba, have bean among the first
nibjenULtt.which my attention hs« been called
by th» rrusident.
Tbeei.brtantial portion of the proposed con
vention i* expressed in a single article, in the
following term*;
“Th* high contracting parties hereby severally
nU d collectively disclaim, now and for hereafter,
all in*-,’ on to obtain possession of the Island of
Cuba, and they rospectiully bind thernaolves to
discouu’tetiance all attempt* to that effect on the
part of any Bower or individuals whatever. The
high co.":.iactiiig parties declare severally and
collect, iy that they will not obtain or main
tain fi or for any one of themselves,
any coff r -l over the said island nor assume nor
exerci.iv any dominion over the same.”
The j*/widen! has given the moet serious at
tentici, ."i this proposal, to tho notes of the Bri
tish ai-'i wench Minister accompanying it, and
to auctions of tho Ear! of Malmsbury and
X.'du T irgot,. transmitted with tho project of
the co#. efttiou, and he directs mo to make
known » you the view which he takes of this
import. ’ Hid delicate subject.
adent fully concurs with his prede
cesso’B; lie have on more than ono occasion
ffihe declaration referred to by Lord
- <i«? Tmgot, that the United
1...'---j.. w;t'i iiXll'fiffeiiili! 1 lilt."
of evTa AH into the possession of any other Eu
ropean (jovernment than Spain ; not, however,
because we should be dissatisfied with any natur
al increase of territory and power on the part of
Ergland or France. France has within twenty
yews acquired a vast domain on the northern
co»t of Africa, with a lair prospect of indefinite
extension, England within half a century has
adied very extensively to her empire. These
aquisitions have created no uneasiness on the
psst of the United States.
In like manner, the. United States have with
ii the same period greatly increased their terri
bry. The largest addition was that of Louisia
na, whsch was purchased from France. These
accessions of territory have probably caused no
. uneasiness to the great European powers,as they
have been brought about by the operation of
natural causes, and without disturbance of the
internstional relations of the principal States.—
They have been followed also by a great increase
of mutually beneficial commercial intercourse be
tween the United States and Europe.
Butthe case would be different in reference
to the transfer of Cuba from Spain to any other
EnroAnn power. The event could not take
place without a serious derangement of the in
ternational system now existing, and it would
indicate designs in reference to thia hemisphere
which could not but awaken alarm in the Uni
ted Sates. We should view it in somewhat the
same light in which France and England would
view tho acquisition of some important island in
the Mediterranean by .the United States ; with
this difference, it is true, that the attempt of the
United States to establish themselves in Europe
would be a novelty, while the appearance of a
European power in this part of the world is a
famili»r fact. But this difference in tho two
eases is merely historical, and would not dimin
ish ti:e anxiety which, on political grounds,
would ba caused by any great demonstration of
European power in a new direction in America.
Lord Malmsbury states that Great Britain
could never see with indifference the possession
of Cuba by any power but Spain, and explicitly
declares that she has no wish or intention of ap
propriating tho island to herself; and the French
Minister makes the same avowal on behalf of
his Government. Lord Malmsbury and M. de
Turgot do the Government of the United States
no more than justice in remarking that they
have often pronounced themselves substantially
in th* same sense. The President does not cov
et the acquisition ot Cuba for the United States.
At th® same time, he considers the condition of
Cuba a* mainly an American question, and to a
limited extent only a European question. The
proposed convention proceeds on a different
principle. It assumes that the United States
nave no other or greater interest .in the question
than England or France ; whereas it is necessa
ry only to cast one’s eye upon the map, to see
how remote are the relations of Europe,and how
intimtte those of the United States with this is-
Ths President, doing full justice to the friend
ly spirit in which hi* concurrence is invited by
EnPl(i<d and France, and not insensible to the 1
ad/a-itages of a good understanding between the
thrive Powers in reference to Cuba, feels himself
ne- erlh-dess unable to become a party to the !
reasons; It
•XuC.from the Executive to a co-
Jte- uate br; reh cf the Government will permit
&* to antic ntej&decision) that no such con-
Would’be viewed with favor by the Sen
a'K ; Its cer airl rejection by that body would |
le-'« thete question of Cuba in a more unsettled
position tiian it is now. This objection would
net require tho President to withhold his concur
• rei ce from the convention if no other objection
existed, and il a strong sense of the utility of the
m.mure rendered it his duty, as far as the Exec
utive action is concerned, to give his consent to
the arrangement. Such, however, is not the case.
The convention would be of no value unless it
wore lasting. Accordingly, its terms express a
perpetuity of purpose and obligations. Now, it
may well be doubted whether the Constitution
of the United States would allow the treaty
making power to impose a permanent disability
on the American Government, for all coming
time and prevent it, under any future change of
circumstances, from doing what has been so of
ten done in times past. In 1803 the Uiutec
States purchased Louisiana of trance, and
in 1819 they purchased Florida ot Spain, it
is not within the competence of the treaty-mak
ing power, in 1852, effectually to bind the Gov
ernment, in all its branches, and for all coming
time not to make a similar purchase ot Cuba. A
like remark, 1 imagine, may be made even in
reference both to England and trance, where
the treaty-making power is less subject than it
is with us to tho control of other branches ot tie
Government. .... . ~
There is another strong objection to the pro
posed agreement. Among the oldest traditions
of the Federal Government is an aversion to po
litical alliances with European powers. In his
memorable farewell address, President Washing
ton, says; , ,„ , ,
“The great rule of conduct for us in regard to
foreign nations is, in extending our commercial
relations, to have with them as little political
connection as possible. So far as we have al
ready formed engagements, let them be fulfilled
with perfect good faith. Here let us stop.”
President Jefferson, in his inaugural address in
1801 warned the country against “entangling al
liances.” This expression, now become prover
bial, was unquestionably used by Mr. Jefferson
in reference to the alliance with France of 177 S
an alliance at the time of incalculable benefit
to the United State*, but which, in less than
twenty years,came near involving us in the wars
of the French revolution, and laid the founda
tion of claims upon Congress, not extin
guished to the present day. It is a significant
coincidence that the particular provision of the
alliance which occasioned these evil* was that
under which France called upon us to aid her in
detending her West Indian possessions against
England. Nothing less than the unbounded in
fluence of Washington rescued the Union from
the perils of that crisis, and preserved our neu
trality.
But the President has a graver objection to en
tering into the proposed convention. He has
no wish to disguise tho feeling that the compact,
although equal in its terms, would be very un
equal in substance. England and France, by
entering into it, would disable themselves from
obtaining possession of an island remote from
their seats of Government, belonging to another
power, whose natural right to pOM6«s it must al
ways be as good as their own ; a distant island,
in another hemisphere,and one which,by noordi
dnry peaceful course of things,could ever belong to
either of them. If the present balance of power
in Europe should bo broken up, if Spain should
become unable to maintain tho island in her pos
session, and England and France should be en
gaged in a death struggle with each other, Cuba
might then be the prize of the victor. Till those
events all take place, the President does not see
how Cuba can belong to any European power
but Spain.
The United States, on the other hand, would
by the proposed convention, disable themselves
from making an acquisition which might take
place without any disturbance of existing for
eign relations, and in the natural order of things.
Tfio Island of Cuba lies at our door*. It com
mands the approach to the Gulf of Mexico,which
washes the shores of five of our States. It bars
the entrance of that great river which drains
half tho North American continent, and withits
tributaries forms the largest system of internal
water cominucication in tho world. It keeps
watch at the door way of our intercourse with
California by the Isthmus route. If an island
like Cuba, belonging to the Spanish crown,
guarded the entrance of tho Thames and the
Seine, and the United States should propose a
convention liko this to Englund and France,
those Power* would as«uredly feel that the disa
bility assumed by ourselves was far less serious
than that which wo asked them to assume.
The opinions of American statesmen, nt dif
ferent times and under varying circumstances,
have differed as to the desirableness of thn ac
quisition of Cuba by tho United State*. Terri
torially and commercially, it would in our hands
bo an extremely valuable possession. Under
certain contingencies it might be almost essen
tial to osr *afety. Still, for domestic reasons, on
which, in a communication of this kind, it
might not be proper to dwell, the President
think* that tho incorporation or the iiland into
the Union*! !h* preeeal time, although effected
with tho consent of Spain, would be a hazard
ous measure; and he would consider its acquis
ition by force, except in a just war with Spain,
(should an event so greatly to be deprecated
take place,) as a disgrace to the civilization oi
the ago.
The President has given ample proof of the
sincerity with which he holds these views. Ho
has thrown the whole force of Iris constitutional
power against all illegal attacks upon the island.
It would have been perfectly easy for him, with
out any seeming neglect of duty, to allow pro
jects of a formidable character to gather strength
by connivance. No amount of obloquy at home,
no embarrassments caused by the indiscretions
of the Colonial Government of Cuba have
moved him from the path of duty in this re
spect. The Captain-General ot that island, an
officer apparently of upright and conciliatory
character, but probably more used to military
command than the management of civil affairs,
has, on a punctillio in reference to tho purser of
a private steamship, (who seems to have been
entirely innocent of the matters laid to his
charge.) refused to allow passengers and the
mails of tho United States to be landed from a
vessel having him on board. This csrtainly is
a very extraordinary mode of animadverting
upon a supposed abuse of the liberty of the
press, by tho subject of a foreign Government
in his native country. The Captain-General is
not permitted by his Government, three thous
and miles off, to hold any diplomatic intercourse
with the United States. He is subject in no de
gree to the direction of the Spanish Minister at.
Washington; and the President has to choose
between a resort to force to compel the aban
donment of this gratuitous interruption of com
mercial intercourse, (which would result in
war,) and a delay of weeks and months neces-
sary for a negotiation with Madrid, with all the
chances of the most deplorable oecurrgnce# in
tho interval: and. all, for .a Ville that ought to
1 IHIW rtwi nente bv sfti oxohdjiga of
notes Between Washington and " TT-.var.a.
The President, however, has patiently submit
ted to these evils, and has continued faithfully to
give to Cuba the advantage of those principles
of the public law, under the shelter of which
she has departed in this case from the comity of
nations. But the incidents to which I allude,
and which are still in train, are among many
others which point decisively to the expediency
of some change in the relations of Cuba; and
the President thinks that the influence of Eng
land and France with Spain would bo well em
ployed in inducing her so to modify the adminis
tration of tho government of Cuba as to afford
the means of some prompt remedy for evils of
the kind alluded to, which have done much to
increase the spirit of unlawful enterprise against
tho island.
That a convention such as is proposed, would
be a transitory arrangement, sure to be swept
away by the irresistible tide of affairs in a new
country, is, to the apprehension of the Presi
dent, too obvious to require a labored argument.
The project rests on principles applicable, if at
all, to Europe, where international relations are
in their basis of great antiquity, slowly modified
for the most part in the progress of time and
events; and not applicable to America, which,
but lately a waste, is filling up with rapidity,
and adjusting on natural principles those territo
rial relations which, on the first discovery of the
continent, were in a good degree fortuitous.
The comparative history of Europe and Ame
rica,oven fora single century,shows this; In 1752,
England, Fiance and Spain were not materially
different in their political position in Europe
from what they now are. They were ancient,
mature, consolidated States, established in their
relations with each other and the rest of the
world—the leading Powers of Western and
Southern Europe. Totally different was the
state of things in America. The United States
had no existence as apeople. A line of English
cotanies, not numbering much over a million oi
inhabitants,stretched along the coast. France ex
tended from the Bay of St. Lawrence to the Gulf
of Mexico, and from the Allaghaiiies to the
Mississippi; beyond which, westward, the con
tinent was a wilderness, occupied by wandering
savages, and subject to a conflicting and nomi
nal claim on the part of France and Spaia.—
Everything in Europe was comparatively fixed;
everything in America provisional, incipient,
and temporary; except theflaw of progress,
which is as organic and vital in the youth of
Slates as in individual men. A struggle be
tween the provincial authorities of England
and Fiance for the possession of a petty stock
ade at the confluence of the Monongahela and
the Alleghany kindled the seven years’ war ; at
the close of which the great European Powers,
not materially affected in their relations at home,
had undergone astonishing changes on the con
tinent. France had disappeared from the map
of America, whose inmost recesses had been
penetrated by her zealous missionaries and her
resolute and gallant adventurers ; England had
added the Canadas to her transatlantic dominions;
Spain had become the mistress oi Louisiana; so
that in the language of the Archbishop ot Mexi
co in 1770, she claimed Siberia as the northern
boundary of New Spain.
Twelve vears only from tho treaty of Paris
- .. -■ 'JV-U
fruitful of still grenter changes to'wjo. rbo
American revolution broke out. It involved
England, France and Spain in a tremendous
struggle, and at its close the United States of
America had taken their place in the Family
of Nations. In Europe the ancient States were
restored substantially to their former equili
brium ; but a new element of incalculable im
portance in reference to territorial arrangement*
is henceforth to be recognised in America.
Just twenty years from the close of the war
of the American revolution, France, by a treaty
with Spain, of w’hich the provisions have never
been disclosed, possessed herself of Louisiana; but
did so only to cede it to the United States ; and in
the same year Lewis and Clark started on their
expedition to plant the flag of the United States
on the shores of the Pacific. In 1819 Florida
was sold by Spain to the United States, whose
territorial possessions in this way had been in
creased three-fold in half a century. This last
acquisition was so much a matter of course, that
it had been distinctly foreseen by the Count
Aranda, then Prime Minister of Spain, as long
ago as 1783.
But even those momentous events are but the
forerunners of new territorial revolutions still
more stupendous. A dynastic struggle between
the Emperor Napoleon an<l Spain, commencing
in 1808, convulsed the Peninsula. The vast
possessions of the Spanish Crown on this conti
nent —vice-royalties and captain-generalships
filling the space between California and Cape
Horn—one after another asserted their indepen
dence. No friendly Power in Europe at that
time was able, or if able was willing, to succor
Spain, or aid her to prop the crumbling buttress
es of her colonial empire. So far from it, when
France, in 1813, threw an army of 100,000 men
into Spain to control her domestic politics, Eng
land thought it necessary to counteract the
movement by recognising the independence of
the Spanish provinces in America. In the re
markable language of the distinguished Minister
of the day, in order to redress the balance of
power in Europe, he called into existence a new
werld in the West; somewhat overrating per
haps the extent of the derangement in the Old
World, and not doing full justice to the position
of the United States in America, or their in
fluence on the fortunes of their sister republics
on this continent.
Thus, in sixty years from the close of the
seven years’ war, Spain, like France, had lost
the last remains of her once imperial possessions
in this hemisphere. The United States mean
time were, by the arts of pea “e and the health
ful progress of things, rapidly enlarging their
dimensions and consolidating their power.
The great march of events still went on.—
Some of the new republics, from the effect of a
mixture of races, of the want of training in
liberal institutions, showed themselves incapa
ble of self-government. The province of Texas
revolted from Mexico by the same right by which
Mexico revolted from Spain. At the memo
rable battle of San Jacinto in 1836 she passed
the great ordeal of nascent States, and her inde
pendence was recognized by this Government,
by France, and other European Powers Main
ly peopled from the United States, she sought
naturally to be incorporated into the Union.—
The offer wa« repeadly rejected by Presidents
Jackson and Van Buren, to avoid n collision
with Mexico. At last the annexation took
place. As a domestic question, it is no fit sub
ject for comment in a communication to a for
eign Minister. As a question of public law, there
never was an extension of territory more na
turally or justifiably made. It produced a dis
turbed relation with the Government of Mexi
co ; war ensued, and in its results other exten
sive territories were, for a large pecuniary com
pensation on the part of the United States, ad
ded to the Union.
Without adverting to the divisions of opinion
which arose in reference to this war—as must al
ways happen in free countries in reference to
great measures—nopeisoii,surveying these events
with the eye of a comprehensive statesmanship,
can fail to trace in the main result the undoubt
ed operation of the law of our political existence.
The consequences are before the world. Vast
provinces which had languished for three cen
tures under the leaden sway of a stationary sys
tem, are coming nnder the influences of an ac
tive civilization. Freedom of speech and the
press, the trial by jury, religious equality and
representative Government have been carried
by the Constitution of the United States into
extensive regions in which they were unknown
before. By tho settlement of California tho
great circuit of intelligence round the globe is
completed. The discovery of the gold of that
region, leading as it did to the same discovery in
Australia, has touched the nerves of industry
throughout ths world. Every addition to tho
territory of tho American Union has given
homes to European destitution and gardens to
European want. From every part of the Uni
ted Kingdom, from France, from Switzerland,
and Germany, and from tho extremest north of
Europe, a march of immigration has been taken
up, such a* the world has never teen before. In
to the United State*, grown to their present ex
tent in the manner detcribed, but little leas than
I half R million of the population of the Old Warld
> i* annually pouring, to be immediately incorpo-
I rated into mi industrious and proaparou* com-
VOL. XXXI -NEW SERIES-- VOL-VII.—NO. 50.
munity, in tho bosom of which they find poli
tical and religious liberty, social position, em
ployment, and bread.
It is a fact which would defy belief, were it
not the result of officiul inquiry, that the immi
grants to the United States from Ireland alone,
besides having subsisted themselves, have sent
back their kindred for the three last years near
ly five millions ot dollar* annually; thus doub
ling in three years the purchase money ot Lou
isiana.
Such is the tou itoiial development of the U.
States in the past century. Is it possible that
Europe can contemplate it with an unfriendly
or jealous eye i What would have been her con
dition in these trying years but for the outlet
we have furnished to her starving millions ?
Spain, meantime, has retained of her extensive
dominions in this hemisphere but the two islands
of Cuba and Porto Rico. A respectful sympa
thy wtth the fortune* of an aneieni ally and a
gallant people, with whom the United States
have ever maintained the most friendly relations,
would, if no other reason existed make it our
duty to leave her in the undisturbed possession
of this little remnant of her mighty transatlantic
empire. The President desires to do so; no word
or deed of his will everquestion her title or shake
her possession. But can it be expected to last
very long ? Can it resist this mighty current in
the fortunes of the world ? Is it desirable that
it should do so ? Can it he for the interest ol
Spain to cling to a possession that can only be
maintained by a garrison oftwenty-five or thir
ty thousand troops, a powerful naval foreo, and
an annual expenditure lor both arms of the ser
vice of at least twelve millions of dollars ? Cuba
at thir moment costs more to Spain than the en
tire naval and military establishments of the
United States costs the Federal Government.
So far from being really injured by the loss ol
this island, there is no doubt that, were it jieace
lullv transferred to the United States a prosper
ous commerce Iretwen Cpoa amUSpagi, rasujtmg
hni'loAe en.lj common laUßlinge.
and tastes, would be rar more proaue....: ’.ban
the best contrived system of colonial taxation.
Such notoriously has been the result to Great
Britain of the establishment of the independence
of the United States. The decline of Spain from
the position which she held in the time ol Charles
the Fifth is coeval with the foundation of her
colonial system; while within twenty-five years,
and since the loss of most of her colonies, she
has entered upon a course of rapid improvement
unknown since the abdication of that Emperor.
I will but allude to an evil of the first magni
tude —I mean the African slave trade—in the
suppression of which England and France take
a lively interest; an evil which still forms a
great reproach upon the civilization of christen
dom, and perpetuates the barbarism of Africa ;
but for which, it is to be feared, there is no hope
of a complete remedy while Cuba remains a
Spanish colony.
But, whatever may be thought of these- last
suggestions,it would seem impossible for any one,
who reflects upon the events glanced at in this
note, to mistake the law of American growth
and progress, or think it can be ultimately arres
ted by a convention like that proposed. In the
judgement of the President, it would be as easy
to throw a dam from Cape Florida to Cuba, in
the hope of stopping the flow of the Gulfstream,
as to attempt by a compact like this to .fix the
fortunes of Cuba, “ now and for hereafter;” or,
as expressed in the French text of the conven
tion “ for the present as tor the future, (pour le
present comme pour Pavcnir;) that is, for all com
ing time. The history of the past—of the re
cent past—affords no assurance that twenty years
hence France or England will even wish that
Spain should retain Cuba; and a century hence,
judging of what will be from what has been, the
pages which record this proposition will, like the
record of the family compact between France
and Spain, have no interest but for the antiquary.
Even now the President cannot doubt that
both France and England would prefer any
change in the condition of Cuba to that which
is most to be apprehended, viz. an internal con
vulsion which should renew the horrors and the
fate of San Domingo.
I will intimate a final objection to the propos
ed convention. Lord Malmesbury and M. de
Turgot put forward as the reason for entering
into such a compact ‘the attacks which have
lately been made on the Island ot Cuba by law
less bands of adventurers from the United States,
with the avowed design of taking possession of
that island.” The President is convinced that
the conclusion of such a treaty, instead of put
ting a stop to these lawless proceedings, would
give a new and powerful impulse to them. It
would strike a de >th blow to the conservative
policy hitherto pursued in this country toward
Cuba. No Administration of this Government,
however strong in the public confidence in other
respects, could stand a day under the odium of
having stipulated with the great Powers cf Eu
rope that, in no future time, under no change of
circumstances; by no amicable arrangement with
Spain ; by no act of lawful war, should that ca
lamity unfortunately occcur; by no consent of
the inhabitants of tho Island, should they, like
the possessions of Spain on the American conti
nent, succeed in rendering HiemseL
pltoservotionpShutCtTT<ie i.’inreS-ff-V
the acquisition of Cuba.
For these reasons, which the President has
thought it advisable, considering the importance
of the subject, to direct me to unfold at’some
length, he feels constrained to decline, respect
fully, the invitation of England and France to
become parties to the proposed convention. He
is persuaded that these friendly Powers will not
attribute this refusal to any insensibility on his
part to the advantages of the utmost harmony
between the great maritime States on a subject
of such importance. As little will Spain draw
any unfavorable inference from this refusal; the
rather, as the emphatic disclaimer of any designs
against Cuba on the pnrt of this Government
contained in the present note, affords all the as
surance which the President can constitutionally,
or to any nselul purpose, give of a practical con
currence with England and France in the wish
not to disturb the possession of that island by
Spain.
I avail myself, sir, of this opportunity to as
sure you of my distinguished consideration.
EDWARD EVERETT.
The Late Dkflohablb Railroad Accident.
—The Manchester Daily Mirror, of Thursday
evening, contains a lettei from Rev. Mr. Fuller,
of Lawrence, who was a passenger in the cars,
from which we quote the following ;
Two incidents among the many terribla ones,
are especially present to my memory. On the
bank sat a mother, (Mrs. Stokes, of this city.)
clasping her little boy of some three or four
years ofage ; he had been rescued from the ruin
which had strewn the rock with splintered
fragments, and her person was considerably
binned by the fire, but she was thedding tears
of gratitude over the rescued child, and rejoicing
in his safety unmindful of her own pain.
But a few step* from her 1 saw the most ap
palling scene of all. There was another mo
ther, who«e agony passed beyond any descrip
tion. She could shed no tears, bat overwhelmed
with grief, uttered such affecting words as 1 ne
ver can forget. It was Mrs. Pierce, the lady of
the President elect; and near her, in that ruin
ol shivered wood and iron, lay a more terrible
ruin,her only son, one minute before so beauti
ful, so full of life and hope. She wa* supported
by her husband and Prof. Packard.
General Pierce was himself bruised in the
back, but not severely and the wounds of the
spirit far exceed any bodily suffering ; yet, while
deeply affected, he showed all the self possession
and nerve which only characterizes great-heart
ed and noble men, and which few would mani
fest under similar circnmstances. He gave all
needful directions about the recovery of his lit
tle boy, still entangled in the wreck about him,
and then afforded all that comfort and sympathy
to his partner in sorrow which was appropriate
to the time. She was conveyed to a house
near, and there she gave vent to the grief which
rent her heart, while he consoled and comforted.
I may not draw the veil from that picture.—
Sacred is the holy privacy of sorrow, and the
haart* of those who have suffered can feel what
my pen must describe.
Soon we were able to convey the wounded
and the dead to the nearest house, which hap
pened to be that connected with the poor-farm
in Andover, where every possible kindness and
attention were rendered. Go with me, Mr.
Editor, to that house, and look with me awhile
on that scene of suffering and sorrow. In one
room were Gen. Pierce and his lady, in the op
posite apartment lay the mortal remains of their
little boy—and oh 1 so sad a sight I The blow,
by which ho was instantly killed, struck his
forehead, and was so violent as to remove the
upper portion of the head, leaving a part of the
brain exposed. The face with the exception of
a bruise about the right eye, still remained un
injured, but bathed in blood. Gen. Pierce and
lady, meanwhile, retired to the house of Mr.
Aiken.
In the same room was a lady, Mrs. Newell,
of Hillsborough considerably bruised and her
face cut. Her little daughter, twelve years of
age, lay near, with her foot so lady injured that
amputation will be necessary. Sho bore her
pains «we«tly and patiently. In another room
Mr. Kittredge, of Pelman, lay with his leg bro
ken. and a Mr. Childs, of Henniker, sat bravely
up, though with his face covered with blood.—
Otheismuch bruised had gone on in the train
which returned for us from Lawrence. Every
attention which could possibly be paid to those
injured was given at this house, where most of
the wounded were carried. The physicians
were prompt in their services, culm, kind, and,
so far a* one out of the profession can judge, ju
dicious.
After the head of the little boy had been
tenderly cared for by the physicians, and all
possible done to restore the look of life, he
> was carried by us to the house where his
parents were. I shall never forget the look of
, extreme pain that child’s face wore; and yet
f there was something resigned and tender im
i pressed by the awful hand of death. He was
• not cold when he was in the room of Mr. Ai
kin’* house, dressed just as he had been at the
i moment of tho calamity. The form which bad
I left the house but little more than an hour be-
- fore, full of life and happiness, with a heart full
-of hop* and bright aspiration*, was born back to
those who had parted from him—that heart now
hushed and still—that form motionless, and the
limbs, fast growing rigid under the icy touch of
death.
The Boston Traveler says:
There ia a difference of opinion among those
who were present, as to the cause of this dread
ful disaster. One of tho passenger* informs us
that in hi* opinion it was the breaking of fe
wheel, rather than axle, that led to the Occur
rence. The train, which consisted of the loco
motive. tender, had one passenger car, was un
der verjr rapid headway; and tho coupling was
broken and th* car thrown from the track so
suddenly, that the pazsengers had scarcely a
warning of the destruction that threatened them
The car was whirled from the embankment
with great volosity, and wrenched in two ap
parently before it struck the ground at the foot
of the embankment, which was covered with
sharp and rough atones. In the fall it was liter
ally shattered into pieces.
There was a coal fire burning in a stove in
the car, and this aggravated the circumstances of
tho accident, teeveral persons—one, mentioned
above, severely—having been burned by the
scattered coals. The escape of so many, with
trifling or no injury, was almost miraculous. —
Mr. Pierce elapsed his wife in his arms upon the
instant that tho overthrow of the car was seen
to be inevitable, and called to his son, who was
near, and who was approaching him when the
final catastrophe occurred, by which he was cash
into eternity. It is not known how the lad was
killed, but his head was shockingly mangled,
and Iris death must have been instantaneous.
(From the Columhus Enquirer.)
11 Important Law Caso.”
We seldom notice the proceedings of our
Courts, and would not make this instance an ex
ception but that we apprehend that an article in
the Tiuiaz of the— ult. may area!" an uurwcec- .
sary alarm ujtou th»*>ar* of 4Ull..hyJ<foi» <>£ tj.t:
ttanr ci ...... ........
interest of persons who havo tbu* Jong held tfo.
bills of the Bank with an unwavering confidence
in the integrity of its chief officer, John G.
Winter, who ha* already appeared before the
public not only pledging the ability of the Bank
to redeem its issues, but further pledging his
large private property until every dollar of the
Bank issues should be redeemed. That Mr.
Winter has so far redeemed his promise i* ap
parent from the fact that even under the panic
which necessarily succeeds all Bank failures and
more particularly Columbus Banks, the Bills
still maintain a value of 70 cents. Admonish
ed, as the public has been of this irresponsibility
by the rapid depreciation Os the Bills of the Bank
of Columbus, Planters’ & Mechanics’ Bank,
Chattahoochee Railroad and other Banks that
have ceased to redeem their issues in former
times, it is self-evident that the conduct of the
chief officer of the Bank of St. Marys, in the
management of it* concerns as well before as
since its failure has been such as to inspire a
confidence hitherto unknown in similar cases.
Believing ourselves that this confidence is not
misplaced, we feel it a duty to admonish Bill
holder*, not to allow the decision referred to, in
any manner to abate their confidence in the ulti
mate redemption of the Bills. In order that the
public may have our reasons for giving this ad
monition and be themselves the judges of the
correctness of our conclusions, we publish a more
detailed statement of the case that the whole
facts of the case and the true importance of the
derision may be considered.
In 1841, or 42, when Air. Winter first came
to Columbus, the city was inundated with shin
plasters ol our own corporation at a depreciation
of 50 per cent. Specie could not be retained
with the circulating medium causing a constant
draw of specie and leaving a worthless currency
the only medium of exchange in business trans
actions of small amount. This currency was
displaced by what were and are dommonly
known as “ Winter’s shinplasters,” these started
at a par value which they have to this day main
tained because the several Banks of the city, the
St. Marys, as well as the other Bank* received
and paid them out at par as they do, we believe
to this day. The issuing of these Bill was doubt
less a violation of law, and while we do not
justify it, we cannot in justice to the parties in
terested and the public, refrain from saying that
they were endorsed by public approbation—the
Times to tho contrary notwithstanding. In
view of the inevitable necessity that ushered
them into existence, for ten years these Bills
have been, we may say, the circulating medium
of this community and that they have been of
vast benefit to small dealers who continued to
receive them, and the results have proven that
public confidenca was not misplaced, for every
dollar has been promply paid a* presented and
this irresponsible issue has survived every Bank:
that started in the race of competition for public
confidence, (we do not include Bank agencies,
for we have still some of the old »tanc'ing_ not at
all impaired bv the ravages of time. We refer
to some local Banks.)
The Bank of St. Marys in common with the
other Banks of the city aa we have before said
redeemed these Bills on deposit and paid them
out in making coange M
'vvlririaff, of Russel; i-i.
quest of P. A. Clayton, the informer iu ’his raw
presented at the counter of the Bank of St. Alary. l . ”
one hundred dollars in large Bills asking for
change. Mr. Tailman, the Teller, handed him
change in small Bills of the »aid John G. Win
ter, commonly known a* change Bills. These
Bills were then returned by Coleman to Clayton
and at his request Coleman endorsed his initials
on each and every Bill. Mr. Clayton then com
menced his prosecution, qui fam under the stat
ute of 1835, which makes it penal for any person z
or corporation to issue, emit, pay out, tender in
payment, pass and circulate money or any draft
note, ticket or paper purporting to be a Bank
Bill or having the semblance or appearance ol a
Bank Kill of this State or any other State.
Upen the trial the witness, Colman was in
troduced who proved the Bills as before stated
and without any evidence except of the single
transaction referred to, without showing any
connection of the Bank of St. Marys, with the
issuing, emitting, paying out, or circulating these
Bill® as money. The jury under the charge of
the Court found a verdict against the Bank for
$47,500 notwithstanding the releiving act of
1812, which declares that the act referred to shall
not include innocent holders, but that the maker
of the note shall not be released by the provi
sions of the act.
The case is now in preparation for the Supremo
Court to be holden on the 4th Monday in Janu
ry, and notwithstanding the defendants under
the provisions of our law might have another
trial by a special jury,so confident are they of re
versing the case upon pointe of law ruled against
del'endent by Judge Iverson, who prerided in the
case, that they intend to seek the issue before
the Supreme Court, without availing themselves
of the second trial.
We are not lawyer enough to state technically,
the points to be carried up, or their legal force,
but according to our understanding of them from
hearing the arguments.
They comprise several exceptions to the charge
of the Court, and among other things they rely
on the repeal of the act of 1835, by several acts
passed between 1835 and 1842 ; and the express
remission of all fines and penalties incurred un
der any act of the State of Georgia in relation
to change Bills. Defendant has able counsel, and
they seem to feel entire confidence in reversing
the decision and dismissing the case. We have
no interest in this mattei, except as citizens of
Columbus, and in view of all the circumstances
attending this case, the necessity in which tho
creation of these bills originated, and the fact
that if the law is against the defendant its effect
ia to embarrass the Bank to the extent of $47,-
500 in redeeming it* pledge to the public,
are free to say that we regret the decision; for
if this is an offence to be thus punished,every cit
izen of Columbus and every Bank Agency in tbe
city is equally amenable to the statute; for it
will be remembered that the verdict is founded
upon evidence of paying out these bills on one
oecasion only. And where i» the Bank or cit
izen that hath not done likewise ? We do not
know how others might answer, but we fear
for ourselves we should plead guilty, on several
occasions. Lovers or Justice.
Supreme Court. —Alinute of point* decided
by the Supreme
ite session yesterday?
No. 2.—Geo. W. Persons, Plff. in error, vs.
Gabriel Jones, Deft, in error.— MsumyesU from
Columbia Superior Ceurt.
1. The doctrine, that a party who transfers a
promisory note for value, warrrants, by implica
tion, that it is genuine and free from defect which
would make it worthless, reaffirmed.
3. In a case where the statute of limitations is
pleaded, and fraud is proved by the plaintiff, the
statute only begins to run from the time when
the fraud is discovered.
3. Although the record of another case between
the plaintiff and the maker of the note transfer
red be given in evidence by the plaintiff—held
that the statement in the plea of usury, that tho
plaintiff knew of the usury when ho received
the note, was no evidence of such knowledge.
Judgement below reversed.
E. H. Pottle for plaintiff in error—A. J. Mil
ler for defendant in error.
We learn that the concluding argument in the
case of Cody, pltf.,lvs. Quartenan, f xecuior, deft,
in error, will be made this morning by the Hon.
John AL Berrien for plaintiff.
The Court, adjourned to 10 o’clock this morn
ing.—Sat». Rep., 12M inst
Supreme Court or Georgia.—The conclu
ding argument in No. 4 was made yesterday,
and the next and last case wa* taken up and ar
gued on both sides. The Court then adjourned
to 11 A. AL, to-day, when it is supposed decis
i ionswill be pronounced in Nos. 3,4, and 5, and
( that the Court will adjourn for the term.—-Sa
i vannah Republican, I'Jth inst.
IS Boston, .Tan. 12.
Election of Governor in ilaisuchuietls.— Air.
' Cliflbid, whig, was elected Governor of Maaaa-
I chusetts to-day, by the Legialature. In the
- House the vote stood Clifford, whig, 146, Bi*h
-1 op, dem., 84 ; Mann, freesoil, fll. In the Sen-
J at« the vote wa* Clifford, 29, Bishop 4.