Georgia Historic Newspapers

    [From the New York Herald.] '
Our Havana Correspondence.
Havana, Jan. 12, 1853. ‘
Mr. King, the Vice-President elect, is daily '
expected to arrive here in the United States
steamer Fulton. Apartments have, I ''’’‘dr
stand, been prepared for him at the ‘Cubano
Hotel." kept bj' Mrs. Brewer, where our ex
cellent Consul. Judge Sharkey, and his lady, also
have apartments. _ , ,■ ,
F.l Senor de Escovaf, is the name ol the cluet
Commissioner, who passed through here on the
•■th instant, en route for Carthagena, to invite
General Santa Anna to return to Mexico, and
place himself at the head of atiairs. General
Adrian Well, who has been some time exiled
to r his city, has also received an invitation to
return and take command of the revolutionary
forces at Vera Cruz.
Letters have been received here from Spain,
to the effect that the government of Madrid j
had decided upon re-calling General Canedo. |
and that the Court of Mirasol or General Pavia
would probably be named as his successor. Al I
classes here will lie glad of the removal o
Canedo, and the set of men who accompanied ,
him from Spain.
The only object which appears to have en
grossed all their attention from the day they land .
ed on these shores, seems to have been how |
they could most speedily make money. . . . I
General Medinilla, the commander-in-cluel •
of the Eastern province of the Island, residing ;
at the city of Santiago de Cuba, has placed j
himself entirely in the handset a certain clique
who have long been the terror ot the respect
able portion ot the community ot that unfor
tunate city. The names of his advisers are
execrated, even in Havana, who have made
themselves rich out of the spoils ol their vic- j
It would appear to be the policy ot the present
authorities in Cuba to drive out ol the Island,
bv disgust and hnnoyance, it possible, all the
foreigners now settled in it Their spite against
everything British and American amounts
almost to frenzy. The interference of the form
er in their slave-trading speculations, amil the
recent captures of their own vessels, in their
own waters, under their very noses, sufficiently
explain their present feelings towards the Eng
lish. whilst the firmness and manly conduct ot
Mr George Law and the American people in
the case of the Cresent City, in not acceding |
to the haughty demand of Mr. Canedo m the ,
dismissal from his employment, and consequent ,
rum to his reputation and family, ot an in- :
nocent American citizen, has been a pul so |
• bitter for Mr. Canedo to swallow, that all th<
remedies on earth will not be sufficient to
work it off his stomach. In carrying out |
their 11 oposed system of annoyance to Amen- |
can ai. ’ British citizens, they have already com- >
menced action at St. Jago de Cuba, in the des- j
potic and unwarrantable decree ot Gen. Medi-i
nilla. ordering Mr. Philip Boylan, who is sup- .
posed bv the Spanish authwities to be au Ameri
can citizen, but who is a British merchant of.
the I ighest respectability, to quit the country in >
two hours 1 v. hilst at the v illage ot Cobre, a ■
party of soldiers, who. doubtless had received
their orders, made a violent attack and broke
into the house of a Mr. Wren, the Captain ot
the Cobre copper mines, and breaking every-
they found in their way, they seized Mr.
Wren who had. or. rather w as, only recovering
from a severe attack ot fever, aud still very
weak They dragged him a considerable dis
tance from his house, inflicting so many wounds
ot a severe nature that his lite is despaired ot,
and the physicians who were called in have
given certificates to that effect. So unprovoked
and murderous an assault, peipetrated in the
middle of the night on a highly respectable
British subject, and one of the most inoffensive
men in the employ of the Mining Company, I
could only have been planned, and purposely
carried into effect, at the instance of the au
thorities, to frighten others. British and Ameri
ca-’. citizens, from the place, and deserves the
severest censure. Such an outrage will doubt
less be the cause of a stringent inquiry on the
. art of the British government. But this is not
tne first instance that the lives ot British and
American citizens have been placed in jeopardy
from similar causes, during the short adminis- .
tration of the present authorities, not need we
expect justice at their hands until other govern
ments adopt such measures as will indicate to
these petty tyrants that the lives and properties
of the foreign citizens are not to be trifled with
by them, with impunity.
I hid a most forgotten to telljyou that it is cur
rently reported and believed in this city, that
the Spanish flag ship, the frigate F.speranzas,
which has not moved from her anchorage for
the last eight months, has lately been sent to
cruise off the Moro, to prevent the English
frigate Vestal from capturing any more Spanish
slavers.
Havana, Jan. 12, 1853.
More .iboutthe Landing of Cargoes of Slaves—
Full Particulars.
With regard to the large cargoes of negroes
which I reported in my last letter, as having
just landed near to Cabanas, to the house ot
His Excellency Don Joaquin Gomez, who is
the most intimate friend and adviser of our pre
sent Captain General Canedo, it wasjdetermined
that H. and myself should proceed to the scene
of operations and endeavor to lerret out all the
circumstances of this audaciously barelaced vio
lation of the treaties for the suppression of the
slave trade, and which cannot otherwise but
have been effected with the full knowledge and
consent of the authorities, whose letters, indeed,
between each other, upon tire eubjeet ol Vue ar
rival of the slaver in question, have been seen
and read.
You may place the fullest reliance on the
truth of the following statement, inasmuch as
the circumstances are all of public notoriety, and
even the parties themselves, who were imme
diately interested in the venture, did not at
tempt to disguise their satisfaction of the good
fortune which had befallen them, in that such a
large cargo (800) had escaped, by a miracle, the
vigiianee of the British cruisers, knowing, as
they did, that they had nothing to fear from the
Spanish authorities; moreover, once on shore,
who would venture to inquire into a matter in
which his Excellency, Don Antonio Parejo,
Queen Christina’s agent, was so largely inter
ested ?
It appears that the slaver vessel, a large bark,
fitted out and sailed directly from a port in Spain
to the coast of Africa, where she took on board
813 slaves; that from the over crowded state of
the hold sickness broke out among the poor
creatures, many of whom died on the passage to
Cuba : that this vessel was in sight of the Moro
Castle the same day that the British war vessels
Vestal and Geyser, were making for the poit
with the prize brig Arrogante Emilio in charge ;
that the moment the slave bark discovered the
vessels of war. she ran up a Spanish ensign, and
a flag denoting that she belonged to the port of
Havana, steering direct for the port, in order not
to attract the attention of the British cruisers by
a change in her course ; but as soon as the latter
vesrels entered the harbor, the slaver hauled her
courses, and bore up for Cabanas, where she
landed her cargo of slaves on the following
morning. A day or two afterwards the bark
was scuttled, and is now sunk i n a convenient
* place, for future use, if necessary.
When the slaves were all landed they were
taken to an estate belonging to Don Joaquin
Gomez, ca"ed the “ San Ygnacia.” At this
place his Excellency Don Juan Antonio Parejo,
Queen C ristina’s agent, purchased two hun
dred of the poor victims, and had them conveyed
io a coffee estate near San Antonio to be accli
mated. One hundred and ninety others pur
chased by Don N. Bustamente, were taken to
the Capetai, ‘’La Travesiroa,” near the town
of Guanajay; these Eozales, or negroes from
Africa, in being moved about the country, were
duly provided by the authorities with false pa
pers, and the documents with which, those pur
chased by Messrs. Parejo and Bustamente, were
furnished, set forth that they were negroes be
longing to Don Martin Alvarez ; but unhappily
for the veracity of Mr. Alvarez’s assertion, the
poor negroes were too unmistakably “Bozales” in
their every action, and moreover did not speak
nor understand a single word of Spanish, besides
which, we had an interesting conversation with
the captain of the slaver, who was so elated
with the successful termination of his voyage as
to be unable to hide his satisfaction, 'and so he
told us all about it at the estate “La Sierra,”
near Mariel, where we had the opportunity of
m’king his acquaintance on the night of the
29th ultimo.
Licenses of all kind* and descriptions have I
been most lavishly expedited by the authorities
here, warranting the transfer of the remainder
ot the negroes to any part of the Island for sale,
and my excellent friend, Don. Francisco Valdez
Herreira. has near 200 of the unhappy creatures
on his coffee estate, near Guanahay, with whom
he is about to speculate.
It is the opinion of many here that such scan
dalous and repeated violations of the treaty stip
ulations which Spain has entered into with oth
er powers for the suppression of the horrible
traffic in slaves cannot be much longer submit
ted to—indeed, that matters are fast coming to
a crisis.
The conduct of the actual authorities in this
island has been disgraceful in the extreme —and
it will be well lor Spain and her colonies that if
in future, when recalling in such indecent haste
from the government of her distant dependen
cies, such honest, upright men as General Con
cha. she would, at least, if unable to find a man
superior, at any rate endeavor to discover one
equally worthy to succeed him, and who would
have at heart, like Concha, the welfare and in
terests of the people committed to his care, and
les’ of that disgraceful hurry to replenish, at all
hazards and by all means, the wide mouthed
pockets which distinguish Mr. Canedo, and all
those who have since followed him from Spain.
Un Amigo.
• Havana, Jan. 11, 185.3.
d'nal of the Intercepted Slavers by the Mired Com
mit ion—Collusive Conduct of the Government —
Their Creature Presiding in the Court, etc.
The trials of the slavers Venus, Cariota, and
Arrogante Emilio, have not yet been concluded ;
nor, as far as I can understand, are they likely
to come to either a peaceful or satisfactory ter
mination. My excellent old friend the Marquis
de Esteva de las Delicias y Conde de I'alantino,
President of the Mixed Court of Justice at Ha
vana, is entirely guided by his chief, Gen. Cane
do, who, it is said, is doing everything in his
power to frustrate and throw obstacles in the
way of the Court.
I have just learned that a week ago a number
of soldiers were sent on board the Arrogantic
Emilio, who took and have retained possession
of that vessel, notwithstanding the remonstrance
ot the captors, whose right it was to retain pos
session of the captured vessel, until, at any rate,
the trial was concluded, and her fate decided by
the mixed tribunal established here by treaty for
this purpose; instead, however, soldiers have
bean pat on board by order of the Captain Gen- I
eral, and her crew, who are supposed to be in I
custody, are fitting her out again for sea. and ,
doubtless have so destroyed or transformed her .
slave deck and other things, which too truly in- I
dicated her profession, so that it would be al- i
most impossible now to make out that she had |
been intended for the coast of Africa.
Obsf.rvf. j
Our Santiago Correspondence.
Santiago df. Cuba, Dec. 29, 1852.
It is all very well for people sitting very com
fortably in tbeir armchairs at home, to say. as
many do, that the Capitain-General of Cuba was
perfectly right in demanding that Mr. Smith, the
purser of the Crescent City, should be turned out
of his employment, because a mongrel !• renrh-
Spaniard, writing from New \ ork, thought pro
per to accuse him of certain acts, which, all the
world now knows, he never had anything
to do with. But supposing that Mr. Smith had
‘ happened *o be a brother ol any of those charita-
I ble individuals who were so ready to uphold the
I despotic will of the authorities in ( üba, and
• knowing that that brother was entirely innocent
■ ot the charges brought against him, but that.
! nevertheless, at the request, or rather demand,
ot the Spaniards, he had been dismissed from his
employment, and his poor wile and childien
made to sutler the consequences ot such tyranny,
then those very individuals would be the first to
clamor for justice foi their relative, and cry shame
on the despotic wretches who expected their de- !
mand to be complied with, innocent or guilty 1
Mr. Geo. Law is an individual entirely unknown
to me, but his firm and manly conduct through- !
out the whole business of the Crescent Cit y and ,
Purser Smith afi'air, deserves the highest praise i
and the gratitude of every American abroad, and j
especially those whose business or other circum- .
tances has led them to sojourn under the rules ,
an dteader mercies of the Spaniards in ('uba and j
Porto Rico.
It was not the government of the United States
that General Canedo feared when he so disgrace
fully acceded to admit Purser Smith’s affidavit
for he had twice declared that the man should
not return under any circumstances; but he was
well posted up as to the determined character ot
Mr. Law. of whose firmness of disposition he had
received too convincing proofs; and it was he
and the people, whom he saw were determined
to’support him, that induced Gen. Canedo to
pause in his course, and declare himself satisfied
with an affidavit which he well knew existed
weeks prior to his last ‘‘manifesto.” But he
• thought to browbeat the Mail Company out of
i their legitimate rights, and found himself mista
i ken.
, [From the New Orleans Picayune, 19th ihsL]
Later from Mexico.
PRONUNCIAMENTO IN VERA CRUZ.
By the arrival of the brig American, Capt.
Maloney, from Vera Cruz, we have received
dates from the city of Mexico to the 28th ult., ,
and Vera Cruz to the 2d inst.
We copy the following from La Union, of
| Vera Cruz, of the 29th ult:
w The city of Vera Cruz has seconded the plan
of Guadalajara. The movement began night
before last, in the Castle of San Juan de Llua,
among the troops which were to embark for j
Tampico. It seems that parties in the city had
an understanding with others in the castle, and •
the signal arranged was the extinguishment ot :
the light in tne light-house. Accordingly, no
sooner was the light put out than people began |
; to move through the city, giving the signals
usual on such occasions. It would take up too
much time and space to give an account of wh.at
parsed during the ni-ht. and to detail the events
which have resulted in a rejection of the au hor
ity of the Supreme Government of the nation:
and we fear to extend our remarks, as our infor
mation mav not be exactly correct. We will
only say that the ayuntamiento passed the de
cree which wp publish below. Gen. Marin and
Cols. Robles and Urriza have not joined the pro- •
nunriados. The military command of the city
is exercised by Senor Gamboa, and the castle is
commanded by Senor Tamariz ’
The Eco del Comercio published an extra on
the 28th, in which it says:
“ Last night took place one of those great
events in the history ot nations, which are so
honorable to those which, like Vera Cruz, have
always marched in the path of liberal progress.
The people in mass have petitioned the patriotic
ayuntamiento for a reform of the tariff, equaliz
ing it with that now in force in the port of
Tampico, and an adherence to the plan ot Guad
alajara. in order that the Government may be
administered with regularity and concert.
The ayuntamiento having met, the Chief ot
the Department addressed the pe- pie, who were
assembled on the Plaza, from the balcony of the
Palace, stating that the ayuntamiento had met
in order to receive the request ol the majority
of the people ofVera Cruz.
A committee ot the people accordingly pre
sented itself to the ayuntamiento. stating that
the people were discontented with tne present
critical situation of the affairs of the country,
which was felt more heavily in Vera Cruz than
, in any other part of the Republic, and demanded
immediate relief. The particular measures we
have already stated. The ayuntamiento took
! these demands into consideration, and passed an
act declaring that they acceded to the request
of the people in every respect. Proclamations
were issued the next morning, by Don Manuel
Gamboa, as military commandante ol the city,
addressed to the people and to the troops. Jhe
custom-house was re-opened on the 29th, the
I deputy collector officiating, as the collector had
not joined the movement, and the reformed tariff
was proclaimed, which is exactly the same as
I that adopted at Tampico, and published in the
Picayune of the 9th inst.
The officers and troops of the regular army in
the castle had published their adherence to the
pronunciamentos.
The Zcmpoalteca, of Jalapa, of the 31st ult.
does not appear to favot the pronunciamento,’
which was adopted by the National Guard and
ayuntamiento of that town. In its edition of
. the 31st ult., it contains three columns in blank,
and the editor explains it by saying that he had
prepared an article on the pronunciamento in
Vera Cruz, but in the existing state of affairs he
thought it prudent to suppress it. By a notice in
the Eco del Comercio we see that the editors
of the Zempoalteca have retired from tne paper.
The Eco del Comercio of the 2d states that
Don FranciscoTamariz had gone to Jalapa, to
take command of the National Guard there,
1 which joined the movement.
gDon Jose de Arrillaga had been named and
sworn in Governor pro ton. ofthe State. Don
Miguel Palacio, the former Governor, having re
fused to join the movement, the seat of Govern
ment was removed to the city of Vera Cruz.
Cordova had joined the Vera Cruz movement,
and advices to the same effect were momentari
ly expected from Orizaba.
The garrison had been increased by recruits to
nearly 1,600 men, and the Eco states that the
most energetic measures were being taken by
the new authorities to place the fortifications of
the city in a state of complete repair.
The news from the city of Mexico is exceed
ingly meagre. The portfolio of Foreign Affairs
continued in the hands of the chief clerk, Don
Miguel Arroya. no one having been found to ac
cept it. It is said that a new Minister would be
pushed in by certain parties, who style them
selves ‘‘pure federalists.”
Senor Iturbe had loaned to the Government
the sum of $17,000, upon the personal guarantee
of two gentlemen, whose names are not given.
The Senate as yet has taken no actionjupon the
Tehuantepec question. We translate the fol
l lowing from the Siglo of the 26th ult:
I “ This mornig Senores Olarte, Payno and Pe
■ sado, (former agents of Mr. Sloo,) published in
I pamphlet form a representation which they have
! made to the Supreme Government on their pro
• position relative to the Tehuantepec, route. In
the introduction they refer to the political influ
ence which the mixed company they represent
would wield, and to the pamphlet which they
; published on the Bth of December. They then
i refer to the right which they have legally ac
! quired.as bidders under the call made to the Gov
ernment, proving that none of the other com pa
: nies have made propositions for navigating the
i river. They then restate the propositions as
I before published and enlarge upon the advan
' tages which would accrue to the nation from
| the acceptance of their propositions, meeting as
I they <lo, all present and future difficulties, risks
and contingencies of this important affair.”
j 4 * ♦ * 0 * * * *
i “They conclude by showing the necessity of
j obliging the company of Guanajuato to become
j a mixed company, thus obtaining the aidolfor
■ eign capital to the construction of the road, and
to many other enterprises which will no doubt
be undertaken when the opening of the Isthmus
shall give an impulse to the spirit of specula
, tion,”
j The Siglo, in its leading articles, argues that
the company of Guanajuata alone, without aid
i from North American “elements, ’ will be able
i to meet the exigencies ol the case, and adds that
: it is indispensably necessary that the United
j States shall recognize the neutrality of Tehuan
tepec.
I The advices from the theatre of military ope-
I rations are of little interest. No active move
i merit has taken place on either side, and the pa
[ pers of the city of Mexico speak in terms of se
! vere satire of the Government troops.
; Gen. Uraga had received a thousand muskets
i and seven p7eces of artillery from Mazatlan.
; Gen. Bahamonde was at Zamora with about a
| thousand men. Ocampo and Perez Palacio, his
I antagonists, were entirely without resources and
j were endeavoring to make a forced loan.
In Durango, Gen. Morett has been proclaimed
I Governor of the State by the revolutionists, and
! the tribunals and the ecclesiastical Cabildo have
: recognized the new state of things.
I In a discussion in the Chamber of Deputies, a
l Representative stated that he firmly believed the
; Government to be capable of selling the whole
country for $200,000.
Many of the soldiers of the National Guard of
the city of Mexico complain of having been
pressed into the service. The Orden says “it is
unfortunate that Louis Napoleon has not sent us
Alxi-el Kader.”
Senor Munoz Ledo has again offered his resig
nation as Governor of the State of Guanajuato.
Advices from Tehuantepec state that that de
partment had pronounced in favor of the plan of
Guadalajara, and desired its separation from the
State of Oajaca. A Vera Cruz paper says that
on the lOtli ult., some insurgents attacked the
barracks in Tehuantepec, but were repulsed.
Letters from respectable persons in Chihuahua
give a terrible picture of the state of misery and
destitution in which the troops in that State are
at present. They add that neither discipline,
order nor social law can be maintained.
The Trait d’Union says the port of Acapulco
has been selected by a large whaling company
formed at San Francisco as the depot foi their
operations. The first whaling ship arrived at
Acapulco on the 12th of December.
Covetous Men need money least, yet most al .
feet it; and prodigals, who need it most, do least
regard it.
The Ootton Trade.
We make the following extract trom an arti
cle in the last number of Hunt's Merchants’
Magazine, written by Professor Charles F. Mc-
Cav. of the University of Georgia
The course of the cotton trade during the past
yeat has been steady and uniform. The season
opened in September and October at rates a tri
fle higher than were realized in December, but
from January forwards the marked slowly ad
vanced, until it is now a little higher than it
was a year ago. The price at Liverpool of fair
cotton on the Ist of Sept ember, 1851, was sJtl.,
in October it was s‘d.,in January sd„ m March
51d., in May s|d., in July 53d., and (id. m Sep
tember, 1552. The increased estimates ol the
crop depressed the price early in the season, but
the immense consumption in every part ol the
world—in the United States, in England, andon
the continent—encouraged the sellers to demand
higher rates; and these have been maintained, in
spite ofthe promise ol another large crop for the
ensuing year. The rates now current are not
high, but they are above the average. For the
thirteen years from 1810 to 18.>2, the whole
American exports,* amounting to near £10.000,-
000,000, have been sold at an average price ol
S j cents. The price of good middling at Charles
ton is now, October 29th, 9J cents. Instead ol
declining below the usual rates, the market has
advanced, after receiving the largest crop ever
produced, and with the prospect ofanother fully
as large. What has maintained these prices ?
Are the causes temporary or permanent ' Will
they continue for the present year .' or is their ef
fect already past l
In attempting an answer to these questions,
it may be remarked :
Ist. That the advance is not due to the tact
i that lower rates are not remunerative. From
1 islOto IS 11, when the average* was only eight
i cents, the stocks were constantly increasing.—
I The production outrun the consumption. This
| led to lower prices, which discouraged planting,
i and at the sane time increased the demand ot
' the manufacturers. From 1845 to 1819, the
average price,* was only 7j cents, lha surplus
I stocks then became small and prices advanced.
! Thus it appeared that an average of 8 cents from
: year to year stimulated production, so that the
I supply exceeded the demand; while 7 J cents pro
: duced the opposite effect. The present rates,
i therefore, are more than sufficient to pay the
i planter a proper profit on his investment. Aud
the general advance on land and negroes,
throughout the Southern States, confirms the
conclusions thus indicated by the rise and the de
cline of the stocks lying over trom year to year.
The present prices will not only pay the cost ot
production, but allow a handsome profit to the
producer. But— .
2d. The price has been kept up during the
: past year in part by a high rate of exchange. A.
rise of one per cent, in exchange is nearly equal
; I to one-eighth of a cent in the price ot cotton.
I The advance in exchange has been about two
’ I per cent, over the rates which were current be-
I fore the discovery of California gold. We were
1 then both exporters and importers ,of the pre
! cious metals. When we were sending them
1 abroad, the price ol exchange was the real par,
' plus the freight, insurance and other expenses ol
' ! exportation. When we were receiving them,
! the price was the real par, less these expenses.
! The highest rates were 111 or 112; the lowest
i 101 or 105. The average was about 108 forsix-
■ ty-day bills. For the past two or three years
' I we have always been exporters of gold, and the
; range of exchange has been from IOS to 112 at
■ New York; seldom going down to 108 or rising
\ to 112. the average being about 110. This rise
: on exchange on account of owning the gold mines
|if California, is a permanent cause. Exchange
i will be hereafter the real par. plus the cost ot ex
porting specie, and not the real par sometimes
I increased and sometimes decreased by the cost
of exportation. This is equivalent to an ad
i vance of one-fourth of a cent in every pound of
> cotton, and for the year past it produced to the
' ■ South not less than three millions of dollars.
' ? This though a true cause for advance in the price
’ : of cotton, is not sufficient to account for the
; whole rise. Another cause may probably be—
3d. The increased supply ol the precious me
tals, which by expanding the currency tends to
ra se the money price of all other articles ol mer
chandize. The large additions of gold to the cur
rency of the world must, by inevitable necessity
produce an effect of this kind. No arithmetic
: can calculate its exact amount in a short period
of time; but that it is producing and must pro-
I duce heteafter a slow, continued rise in all kinds
;of property no one can possibly doubt. Its first
; effect is to raise the price of silver ; but it is im
i possible, while the present laws regulating the
I comparative value of silver and gold atthe mints
■of the world continue unchanged, to raise the
; premium on silver beyond a very small amount,
j The effect of a slight advance is to push aside the
i silver and to introduce gold in its stead. Thus
; in our own domestic currency, silver is passing
I out of general circulation, and the vaults of the
banks are filling with gold in its place. In
; France the coinage of gold has of late increased
j very largely. And so in other counties where
: both metals are a legal tender. This expansion
I of the metalie currency gives the banks an op
j portunity to increase their circulation, and thus
i the whole momentary medium, by which all the
■ exchanges of Commerce are made, becoming en
' larged, the price of all other articles cannot fail
Ito advance. It is impossible to say how large
an influence this may have had in the recent
| high prices of cotton. It is not probably’ large,
but that it is real no one can doubt.
i 4th. Another cause which has helped to sus
! taiu price, and probably this is more potent than
all the others together, it is the successful des
potism of Louis Napoleon in France, and of the
crowned heads on the continent of Europe. The
order that has reigned in Paris and throughout
France, has given confidence to the merchant
and the manufacturer, encouraged labor and in
dustry, given security to property, and stimula
ted production and consumption in every depart
| ment of business. Similar causes have been
i operating in the German and Italian States. The
i triumph of law and order over the revolutionists
I of 18 !S was not complete until the present year.
The iron heel of arbitrary power had crushed the
external manifestations of resistance, Lut the
murmurs of discontent were still audible, and the
hopes of liberty were not yet extinguished. The
present year has witnessed the end of all these
things. Lombardy and Hungary kiss the rod of
the oppressor. French soldieis preserve quiet at
Rome. The patriots of Naples and Sicily are in
prison or exile. Au Austrian army has quelled
I the disturbances in Baden, Hamburg and Schles-
I wig-Holstein. Revolution, anarchy, socialism,
rod’republicanism exist no more. Men have
turned their attention to trade, to labor, to the
pursuits of peace. Instead ot political agitation,
the people are employing themselves in new
enterprisesof industry, of commerce and manu
factures. The consumption of cotton in France
has in consequence outrun any former year.
Though stationary for many years past, the de
mand has suddenly awakened to new life. And
so, also, in all the disturbed parts of Europe.
Sth. The low price of grain in England, the
successful working of free trade, and the prosper
ity in every department of manufactures have
stimulated the home demand in Great Britain to
an extraordinary extent. The exports of cot
ton fabrics have been encouraged by the peace
and prosperity of every part ofthe world. The
overthrow of Rosas has opened the La Plata and
its tributaries to Commerce. The outbreak in
Cafficaria is unimportant. The war in Burmah
being out of India proper has no influence on
trade. The rebellion in China does not disturb
the exchanges at the free ports. So that uni
versal peace may be said to prevail.
6th. In the United States the onward march
ofthe cotton manufacture has again been re
sumed. The tariff of 1846, and the high price of
the raw material, had checked the demand for
the past three years, but the progress ot our coun
try in population, wealth, and enterprise, has
surmounted these obstacles, and our course has
again been forwarded.
Os these several causes now enumerated to
explain the fair price of cotton for the past year
in the face of the abundant supply, there is not
one which is not likely to operate for the coming
year. We may, therefore, in considering the
supply gand the demand for 1853, anticipate
full average prices. They cannot be high, for
the supply will be too large to permitany check
in consumption. They cannot fall even to the
average, for the stocks are low, and any further
decline would stimulate the demand even be
yond its present extraordinary amount.
*Tho table will be published in a future num
ber.
Tho Japan Expedition.
The following brief and explicit reply of the
Emperor of Japan to a letter from the King of
the Netherlands, requesting him to extend to all
foreign nations the privileges hitherto enjoyed by
the Dutch only, would seem to indicate that the
American exploring expediton to the domains of
this barbarian is not likely to meet with a hos
pitable reception. The emperor appears to have
a pretty correct conception of the Anglo-Ameri
can propensity for acquiring territory, and takes
warning from the fate of China in permitting
the “outside barbarism” to acquire a footing in
that Empire. We give the letter entire
“ The lUnipet or of Japan
to the King of the. Netherlands :
J have watched with attention the events
which brought about the fundamental change in
the policy of the Chinese Empire, and these
very events, upon which you base the advice
you gave me, aie for me the most evident proof
that the kingdom can never enjoy a durable
peace without the rigorous exclusion ol all
foreigners. If China had never permitted t)ie
English to establish themselves on a large scale
at Canton, and to take root there, either the
quarrels which caused the war would not have
taken place, or the English would have found
themselves so weak that they would have at
ohce sunk in the conflict. But from the mo
ment when China allowed herself to be touch
ed on one point she rendered herself vulnera
ble on others. This was the reasoning of my
great ancestor when he granted you the faculty
of trading with Japan, and but for the proof of
friendship which you had frequently given to
our country it is certain you would have been
excluded as all the nations ofthe West have
been. Now that you are in possession of this
privilege, I am willing that you .should continue
to enjoy it ; but I will take care not to extend
it to any other nations, for it is easier to main
tain a dyke in good preservation, than to pre
vent the enlargement of the breaches which
are permitted in it. 1 have given orders to my
officers in consequence, and the future will prove
that our policy is wiser thanthat of
tho Chinese Empire.
The receipts of Cotton at Mobile from .Satur
day night, the 15fh instant to Monday night,
the 17th inclusive, amounted to 9,127 bales.
Assuming, says tho Mobile Advertiser, the aver
age weight ol the bales to be 450 pounds, and
the value at 8) cents per pound, the total
weight would be 4,107,130 pounds, and the total
value $349,107.7-7 1
| Reported for the Baltimore S»».l
Thirty-Second Congress—2nd Session.
Washington, Jan. llh
SENATE.
Mr. Foote presented the credentials ot the Hon
8. S. Phelps. Senator appointed for the State of
Vermont, in the place of Hon. Wai. Upham, de
ceased.
Several executive conrimuncations were pre
sented.
Mr. Hamlin reported a bill granting a register
to an English bark, now owned in Boston, and
it was taken up and passed.
Mr. Hamlin reported a resolution calbug upon
the treasury tor a draft ot a new code of laws tor
collecting the revenue. Adopted.
Mr. Hunter reported back the Military Acade
my appropriation bill with an amendment; the
bill was taken up, the amendment concurred in,
and the bill passed.
Mr. Cass’ joint resolution re-affirming ff |e
Monroe doctrine was taken up.
Mr. Mason, said, that it might become his du
ty, before this resolution came to a vote, to speak
at length upon the merits ot the subject, but be
now simply desired to speak upon one point,
which lie thought was misinterpreted by the
Senator from Michigan. He desiree to speak of
Mr. Monroe’s message as asserting a princi
ple intended to be applied to the Slfairs of Span
ish America alone. He desired toshow that it
was directed to the affairs of Spanish America,
and being asserted for a specific did effect
the object intended, and had not iarf idle in the
archives of the nation ; and that (he principle
asserted by Mr. Monroe could notbe resuscita
ted by the American governing unless the
same contingencies should arise, j
He understood the senator from Michigan,
yesterday, as understanding that foe declaration
of Mr. Monroe was in some manner complica
ted with a like movement on the part of Great
Britain.
The message of Mr. Monroe Tfos his annual
message to Congress,'of December, 1823, in
which he of course reviewed the whole of oil*
foreign relations. And in speaking of the con
dition of the South American independent repub
lies, he inthjat connection,and iiithat connection
alone, made that celebrated declaration. In
March. 1822, Mr. Monroe had, iia special mes
sage to Congress, invoked its atfoition, in the
most solemn manner, to recognistthe indepen
dence of these South Ameiicaa-republics. It
was done. Congress had res|.<ni|W to the rnes
’ xage of the President, and made
j for the appsintment of diplomlWrepresenta
' fives to them.
At that time the government of Spain was
held in a sort of tutelage by the Cortes, who
had presented certain constitutional provisions
respecting the king. The United States acted
i as the pioneer in the recognition of these Span
ish republics, and in respect to this doctrine ac
ted alone, and in no way in connection with
Groat Britain.
Mr. Rush held several interviews w.th Air.
Canning upon matters contained in bis instruc
tions, and after they had been disposed of, he
transiently remarked to Mr. Canning upon the
state of affaiis in Spain. This remark ed to.
further conversations, but w hich were wholly
foreign to the subjects treated of in the instruc
' tions of Mr. Rush.
During them, Mr. Canning asked Mr. kush
I if it was not time for the two governments to
make a concerted declaration with respect to i
Spanish America against the attention ofthe
; holy alliance to restore the dominion of Spain, i
He read from Mr. Rush’s book, and frorr. an j
English work by Mr. Stapleton, showing that i
i Air. Canning originated and invited this con
certed action by the two governments. Mr.
Rush answered that he had no authority in the i
matter, but would venture to unite in suck an
arrangement, on the condition that England ■
would immediately recognise the independence
! of the South American Republics,
i The position of Engl -nd was a delicate one.
Spain was urging her allies on the contineit to i
aid her in re-subjugating these colonies. Com
mercial relations had sprung up between these ;
: Repnbli s and Great Britain which forbaite her
joining with the alliance, while at the same
time a recognition of their independent# by
I England would lead to a war between het and
I the'allies. Mr. Canning could not recognize
1 their independence under these eircamstinces,
and the subject immediately dropped. This he
thought sufficiently proved that the L nited
Stateshad never departed from the established
policy of forming no entangling alliances with
European powers. Mr. Rush stated that he
I made the offer to assent to the proposed arrange
ment with the express understanding that this
! government was free to disavow lus act.
From a limited knowledge of diplomatic af
fairs, but some knowledge of human transac
tions, he had come to the conclusion that it there
be any principle more important to be observed
than another, it was that in making decorations
to be observed and maintained at a future day,
i such declarations ought to made with great de
liberation, circumspection and care, and no man
■ or body of men should take the important step
of extending such declarations beyond their le
gitimate scope.
The declaration made by Mr. Momoe, was
made with great care and deliberation, in lan
guage as well as manner, and was intended to
I apply to the contemplated intervention by the
Holy Alliance in the affairs of Spanish America,
and to that specific object alone. He read from
a debate in the English House ot Commons, that
' Lord Brougham stated that the Emperor of Rus
: sia had promised that if the King ot Spain would
. throw off the constitution which yas imposed
; on him by theL'orfes he vvpulj, 1 auilik? m ’f'
! covering bis transatlantic colonies. Louis the
I XVTH was then on the throne of prance, and
' Spain was calling upon her allies to restore the
monarchy to its legitimate honors aud its Amer
ican possessions. Air. Rusk communicated the
result of his interviews with Cnnuing to the
United Str.' sin August, 1823. In the Decem
ber following. Air. Monroe made his declaration
in clear, careful and ciicu nspect isugnrjn and
, manner.
He read the portion of the message io show
that it protested against the restoration by the
European powers of their system of government
j —a system which recognized no free institutions,
nor any torm of government but legitimacy, and
I which required them all as a band to uphold le
gitimate monarchy in all its functions. It was
I against this system that Air. Monroe protested.
| There was then imminent danger that Europe
: would aid Spain in the lecovery ofthe republics,
whose independence had been recognized by the
United. States. England knew if it were at
' tempted to be carried out she would have to re
sist rt, but as yet had not moved.
The U. S. took the intiative step, and took it
singly. It was aimed at that intervention pro
posed by the allied powers and at that alone. In
1823, in December, Spain made a formal appli
cation to Russia and Austria to aid her to do this
very thing against which the Government ofthe
United States had protested. She asked their
aid to uphold good order and legitimacy,exchang
ed by the progress of free institutons in America,
j This application was based upon the principle
that these powers were pledged to uphold each
other. The message of Mr. Monroe affected
’ the object it was intended to accomplish. It ar
i rested the intervention by the I oly alliance,and
: the invitation of Spain was declined.
In 1824, Lord Brougham said that the affairs
! of South America had been settled by tl# firm
[ and decisive declaration of the President of the
I United States. He quoted other authorities,
showing that the declaration of Mr. Monroe was
i confined to this specific point.
I He objected that injustice should be done to
! the memory of Mr. Monroe, by extending his
doctrine to embrace other principles. He ad
mitted, however, that Mr. Monroe, in another
part of his message, but directed to a very dif
ferent matter and in a different manner, declar
ed that no re-colonization of any part of this
continent should be permitted.
Air. Cass said that he never heard till yester
day, that it was doubted that Air. Monroe had
protested against the re-colonization of any part
i of this continent by any European power. The
I Monroe doctrine was not confined to the con
! ternplated intervention by the allied powers, be-
I cause it was to continue for all time. The rea
' son given that the peculiar interests of this
continent were distinct from those of Europe
was no more true then than now.
Mr Dixon gave notice that he would hereaf
ter move to commit this resolution, with instruc
tions to report whether the Clayton and Bulwer
treaty had been violated, and if so to report the
proper measures.
The subject was then, on motion of Mr. Soule,
postponed till Tuesday next.
The Pacific Railroad bill was then taken up,
and af'er a long debate an amendment to change
the bill so as to leave to the President to select
the termini of the road was adopted, and the
Senate adj mined.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
Immediately after the journals were read, the
speaker stated that, in the absence of any rule
upon the subject or parliamentary precedent, he
considered Mr. Chandler as being entitled to the
second reading ofthe bill establishing a branch
mint in New York.
Mr. Brooks called the attention ofthe chair to
the fact that be had not relinquished the floor
yesterday when Mr. Chandler objected; and ap
pealed against the decision of the speaker, but
afterwards withdrew his appeal.
Mr. Chandler, of Pa., then stated hii> objections
to the bill; he was against giving it ati undue
preference over other bills; considered the estab
lishment of a mint at California as meeting all
the requirements of commerce; thought New
York already enjoyed great advantages; and after
adverting to the vote for increasing the remune
ration to the Steamboat Company of that city,
spoke until the expiration of the morning hour'
on subjects at large.
A considerable time was spent in a sort of
running discussion, with reference to questions
of order, and the routine of business, which
about two o’clock, assumed a [tangible shaped
when a motion was made to go into committee
on the state ol the Union ; upon which the yeas
and nays were ordered, and which was nJ.ra
tived-yeas,79; nays, 88. M
It was then moved to take up the business on
the Speaker’s table, upon which the yeas anil
nays were ordered.
A motion was made for a call of the House,
upon which the yeas and nays were also ordered.'
Pending which a motion was made that the
House adjourn, upon which the yeas and nays
were taken, and it was negatived—yeas 45 navs
160. ' 1
The yeas anil nays were then taken on the
motion lor a call ofthe House, which was nega
tived—yeas 47, nays 109.
Three o’clock had now arrived, and it only re
mained to speak another half hour, and calling
the yeas and nays on the motion to go to the
Speaker s table, which furnishes but a dry re
past at this time of day, or to adjourn. The lat
ter alternative was wisely adopted, much to the
relief of tho indefatigable gentleman who calls
the roll, when thereunto required,
Washington, Jan. 20.
SENATE.
The chair presented the annual report of the
Secretary of the Treasury, which was referred,
and ten thousand extra copies ordered to be
printed.
Also, the report of the light-house board, and
the report of the commissioner to run and mark |
the Mexican boundary.
Also, a message from the President relative
to the Florida Indians—alt of which were or
dered to be printed.
Mr. Seward presented the resolutions of the
New York Legislature concerning the distribu
tion ofthe public lands.
Mr. Norris presented two memorials praying
the reconstruction of the Long bridge over the
Potomac river.
Mr. Pearce presented the memorial of the
ship owners, merchants and others of Baltimore,
setting forth the evil results of the abolition of
corporal punishment in the commercial marine,
an<l asking some substitute for it.'
Referred to the committee on commerce,
which was, Mr. Pearce said, committing the
lamb to the custody ofthe wolf.
Air. Rush moved, and the bill reported bj’ the
territorial committee for a railload te the Paci
fic, was referred to a select committee of live.
The House bill to suppress the circulation of
small notes in the District of Columbia was
referred to the Committee on the District of Co
lumbia.
Mr. Gwin moved to take up the Pacific Rail
road bill.
Mr. Pearce moved to take up the bill provi
ding for the payment of the Texas debt.
A debate ensued, continuing for more than an
hour, as to which bill should be considered, and
then Air. Pearce’s motion was negatived. Yeas
23. nays 27.
The California Railroad bill was taken up,
and debated for some time.
Mr. Clarke, at half-past two o’clock, moved
to postpone the bill for an executive session, and
the motion was agreed to—yeas 24, nays 17.
Mr. Clarke moved then that the Senate go
into executive session.
Mr. Weller opposed the motion, and said that
as there was but a very thin Senate, and it was
important to have a full one for important exe
cutive business, he moved the Senate adjourn,
which motion was rejected; yeas 16, nays 25.
The Senate then proceeded to consider execu
tive business—Air. Badger’s nomination.
At 4 o’clock the doors were opened, and Mr.
Fitzpatrick, of Alabama, appeared, presented his
credentials and was sworn in. The Senate then •
adjourned. No action was had on Mr. Badger.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
Mr. Tuck, of N. IL. opposed the establishment
of a branch mint at New York, which he con
sidered would cause an ui necessary outlay of
public money, aud particularly as a bullion fund
to the amount of two millions of dollars would
have to be provided, and went into a statistical
view of the subject, in support of his opposition.
Mr. Briggs, of N. Y-, said the gentleman from
New Hampshire would not have raised that ob
jection had he made himself acquainted with the
bill, which provided that no greater amount than
$250,000 should be appropriated, the city under
taking to provide for the additional cost of ground,
buildings and machinery.
Mr. Seymour, of N. Y., expressed his sur
prise. that the gentleman trom Pennsylvania,
: (Mr.'Chandler,) should have adopted the course
■ he had done in summarily disposing of the bill i
i in an unusual manner—the subject being One not i
■ of local but of national importance. i
He admitted that during the last session the ;
proposition had been lost by a small majority;
since which, however, other minds had been
■ called to the subject, and various interests awa
' kened, and the attention of the country had
i been concentrated on a great question, which
; affected the entire commercial interests of the
nation. He should not descend, he said, to al- ■
lude to rivalry between the two cities, nor the
! vote to the Collins line that had been referred to,
1 which was of a national character.
I The establishment of the mint at Pbiladel
! phia originally, he attributed to the prevalence
| of the idea borrowed from Europe, that it should
be at the seat of Government, it then being the
capital of the country; but the requirements of
i commerce had caused the establishment of
: branch mints elsewhere, and New York pos
i sessed equal claims. It was not asked, he said, ;
I that the mint should be removed from Philadel-
I phia, but that a branch mint should be establish
! ed at the great commercial emporium, and to ap
-1 ply it to the same rule that had been extended
to other localities.
The importation of gold at New York, he es
j timated at from fifty to sixty millions, and at
least sixty millions more brought in by emi
grants. in gold and silver coin, which they are
j desirous of having conveited into the coin ot
i the country; upon whom the necessity is im
! posed of sending it to Philadelphia for that pur
pose : by which an expense was annually in
curred of at least $30,000.
The morning hour having expired before Air.
| Seymour had concluded—
Mr. Houston, Alabama, moved that the House
I proceed to the business on the Speaker’s ta
ble, and also that it resolve itself into a commit
-1 tee of the whole on the State of the Union.
, ; The latter motion being negatived—the yeas
, and nays having been called, the House took up
i the business on the Speaker’s table : and, alter
' a short time, a motion was made to go into a
. i Committee on the State of the Union; and the
I yeas and nays having been ordered, it was nega-
I tived—yeas 59, nays 102.
When the French spoliation bill came up, the
Speaker decided that according to ghe 27tb rule
. it cjme under the fifth class therein referred to,
; and could not then be taken up.
, Air. Walsh, of Aid, contended that it was
j among the third class, in consequence of a mo
, tion having been made to commit.
j I An appeal was taken against the decision of
j j the chair. A motion was made to lay the ap
, peal upon the table, and the ayes and nays hav-
I ing been ordered it was agreed to—ayes, 91 ;
nays 80.
A bill to prohibit public executions in the Dis
. trict ot Columbia was then taken up, and a mo
-1 tion being made to lay it on the table, it was ne
gatived—yeas 45; nays 89.
I Air. Jones of Tennessee moved to refer the
bill to the judiciary committee, with instiuctions
. to report an amendment, abolishing capital pun
ishment in the District, which was negatived,
j and the bill was read a third time and passed ;
99 voting in the affirmative, and 91 in the nega-
I tive.
' A message was laid before the House from the
President, communicating a report relative to
correspondence with Spain in reference to the
' Susan Loud and Georgiana.
A discussion followed as to printing these pa
pers, Mr. Polk wishing that they be previously
examined by the standing committee: which
was opposed by Air. Stanly and others.
! Air. Bayly, of Virginia, considered the Presi
dent ofthe United States as having erred—if er
ror were committed—when he sent papers to
the House which he was authorized to withhold.
He thought when documents were sent to the
House, it were worse than useless to attempt
their coming before the public.
Pending the motion of Air. Polk, to reconsider
the vote referring the message and documents to
the committee on foreign affairs, the House adj’d.
[From the N. O Picayune ]
Later from Texas—Arrival ofthe steamship Jvlexico.
By the arrival of the steamship Alexico, Capt.
Place, we have received dates from Galveston to
the 14th inst.
The News says that a letter has been received
in Galveston, giving information that there was
: a rise in the Trinity at Pine Bluff, on the 3d
I inst., of three feet.
; The Light House on Point Bolivar was light
i ed up week before last, and will continue to be
i lit every night hereafter.
The News advocates the culture ol Rice in
Texas.
The Journal says that Ma j. John A. Williams,
chief engineer of the Harrisburg Railroad, is now
on an exploration of the Brazos bottom for a
point of location for crossing the river. He is
acccompanied by David A. Loring, contractor,
i and they will reconnoitre the Colorado valley as
| high up as Austin, preparatory to the company
I pushing forward this enteiprise to the latter
place.
The News says that a gentleman very well
known to the citizens of Galveston as a man of
high respectability and ample means, had gone
on to attend the present Legislature at Austin,
for the purpose of procuring a charter for a rail
road from Galveston to Houston. He informed
the editor of the News that he wanted no bonus
in lands, no loan of money, nor any aid wuatso
ever from the State; nor did he want any mono
poly or exclusive privileges. All he would ask
is the privilege of constructing a double track
railroad from here to Huston which he would
give full and satisfactory security should be com
pleted within four years, or he would forfeit to
the State the sum of $50,000 in case of failure.
The steamship Yacht, in charge of a pilot,
struck on the boiler ofthe steamship Globe, on
Brazos bar, which caused her to leak, and
obliged her to go into dock for repairs.
A case of small pox appeared at Austin, a few
days since, but was promptly removed from
town. Three cases are reported to have occurred
at Bastrop.
During the last week or two, says the Ledger,
we have heard of a number of Indian depreda
tions, which are believed to be the work of the
Lipans. We understand that a scouting party
has been, or is about to be, sent in pursuit of
these marauding parties. We hope these depre
dationswill arouse the War Department to the
necessity of a changeot policy towards the In
dians in Texas. The present policy has been
tried sufficiently long enough to satisfy all that
it will notgive peace to our frontier. IftheGeu
eral Government is really desirous of colonizing
the Indians, so that they can bo restrained and
provided for, why is a proposition not made to
Texas for a sufficient amount of territory forthat
purpose, before it is all located. The Govern
ment agreed to protect our frontier. Ifthis can
not be done without giving them a separate ter
ritory, where they can be guarded and provided
for, why has not Texas been asked to grant,
bargain, sell or lease a portion of her territory
for that purpose.
Solid Rock Suiun, on run N. & C. R. R.—
On Wednesday last a mass of rock,in almost one
entire solid form,slid into one of the cuts on this
road about seven miles out from this place,
breaking iron, cross ties and every thing found
in its way. On measurement by the Engin
eers it was found to contain over 1000 cubic
yards. At the time of the slide the report was
heard in the entire neighborhood around. This
occurrence will retaid the tracklaying on this
end of the road fully six weeks if not two
months.— Chattanmr;a Mvsrtiser, H2d inst.
Bad.—The Cincinnati Gazette states that one
hundred applications have been made by parents
within a few days past, to have their children
sent to the house of refuge. A sad state of af
faiis, truly.
AUGUSTA, GEORGIA.
WEDNESDAY MORNING, JANUARY 26.
Terms of Subscription. "
Daily Paper, per annum,Jin advance... .$8 00
Tri-Wockly 5 00
Weekly, per annum in advance. 2 00
If paid within the year 2 50
At thocni of tho year 3 00
fEz”Tho above terms will bo rigidly enforced.
[Ur" Subscribers writing to request their pa
pers changed to another Post-office, will please
be particular to state the office to which the
paper is now sent.
Bank of St. Mary’s.
The bills ofthe Bank of St. Mary’s under five
dollars, and the change bills of J. G. Winter, are
still taken at par at this office.
Richmond Superior Court.
The regular session of the Superior Court of
this county commenced yesterday Judge
Starnes, presiding.
Augusta South-Western Plank Road.
This enterprise is growing in favor among our
citizens. Several intelligent gentlemen have
added their names to the list of subscribers since
the public notice was first given of the intended
application for a charter. AVe fully anticipate
the continued increase in the list until the whole
amount needed is subscribed. The enterprise
will commend itself to the approval andco-opera
tion of all interested in the welfare of this city,
juid all having property on the line of the con
templated route, the more its advantages,are re
flected upon, and the results accomplished by
other plank roads, investigated. They have
been uniformly beneficial, whenever properly
located, both to stockholders, and to the sections
through which they pass.
Stabbing Case.
We undestand, that about half past nine
o’clock on Saturday night, a man named Pat
rick Dunlap, living in the upper part of Broad
street, while in a state of inebriation, stabbed
his wife in the thigh with a knife. The wound
penetrated about two inches. He was soon alter I
arrested by the police, and is now confined in |
jail. M rs. Dunlap we understand,is not danger- I
ously wounded.
Snow.
' Within the past twenty-four hours we have
I had two attempts at snow. The first was on
Sunday evening about half past eight o’clock, and
the other yesterday, at about noon. Both, how
ever, were decided failures. The next attempt,
we hope, will be more successful, for we long to
hear once moie the jingling of the merry bells.
Fire I
About half past ten o’clock, on Sunday night,
there was an alarm of fire, which proved to be
the stable and storehouse in the rear of the
store of P. A. Scrautcn, on Broad street.
They were soon consumed, and the fire arrested
without doing further damage. The fire was,
no doubt, the work of an incendiary.
Nankin Cotton.
A sale was made last week, at Phinizy &
I Clayton’s Warehouse, of 31 bales Nankin Cot
' ton at 16 cents—and a crop of 72 bales white
I cotton at 10}—all of the product of Green R.
i Duke, of Jackson county, Geo.
Fine Ootton.
i We understand a lot of 7*5 bales fine Cotton,
' from the plantation of Mr. Thomas Wray,
! Greene County, was sold yesterday at 11J cents
| This is a full cent above the highest market price.
The Caloric Engine.
I There is already a troop of claimants for the
i honor of being “the first” to discover the prin
i ciple of driving engines by Caloric. 'I he
j Lynchburg Virginian ascribes the invention to
a man by the name of Prouty, born and raised
i in the city of Richmond.
I “He learned the gunsmith businsss in the ar
| mory, removed to Augusta, Georgia—there he
constructed and put into operation the very en-
I gine, about which there is at piesent so much
■ noise. His machine was publicly exhibited at
j the Bell Tavern, in Richmond, in 1832, at which
! date a patent was obtained, and an engine was
« constructed in Augusta, which drove a pair of
j mill-stones ; but tor want of capital the contri
vance was temporarily made and had to be aban
doned.”
We have an indistinct recollection of the en
gine spoken of above, and we will take the pains
to inform ourselves on the subject. Mr. Pbouty
was a highly respectable and enterprising me
chanic, and resided in this city for several years.
' If any benefit is to be derived from this discov
ery, to his family, it will be gratifying to our
! citizens. His widow is still a resident of this
city.
The New York Crystal Palace.—We learn
from the New York Times that the foreign de
partment ofthe Crystal Palace is being actively
attended to. Letters from agents in Europe and
Asia communicate daily the fact of contributions
of a most interesting nature being got in readi
ness by various nations for the exhibition. The
Sultan of Turkey has expressed his intention of
devoting a war steamer to the purpose of con
veying the contributions to this country. He
has also issued a firman, ordering all the mer
chants of Constantinople to prepare samples of
their wares, which he promises shall be convey
ed hither free of expense. The German sculp
tor. Kip, whose splendid statue of the Amazon
attracted such notice in the English exposition,
j has determined on sending some of his works
I and several other eminent sculptors have cou-
I suited him as to the best mode of contributing
1 also. It is probable that among other works of
i arts, we shall receive from Germany some very
I fine plaster casts of antique and modern statues,
j Baron Marochetti, who has just completed his
colossal statue of Washington, has entered into
communication with the committee ofthe Crys
tal Palace, as to what site has been determined
on for his great work.
Removal of Free Persons of Color from
Virginia.—A bill has been reported in the Vir
ginia house of delegates, which provides for the
appointment of overseers, who are to be requir
[ ed to hire out, at public auction, all free persons
I of color, to the highest bidder, and to pay into
I the State treasury the sums accruing from such
i hire. These sums are to be devoted in future to
i sending free persons of color beyond the limits of
the State. At the expiration of five years, all
free persons of color remaining in the State are
to be sold into slavery to the highest bidder, at
public auction, the proceeds of such sales to be
paid into the public treasury, provided that said
free persons of color shall be allowed the privilege
of becoming the slaves of any free white person
whom they may select, on the payment by such
person of a fair price.
Gold Dollars and Half Dollars.
The Philadelphia Ledger speaks of having, on ,
Wednesday, been, shown a pattern gold dol- j
lar, prepared by the officers of the mint, to be i
sent to the authorities at Washington. In size I
it is about halt as large again in circumference I
as the present gold dollar, with a hole in the
centre. On one side is the word “dollar,” in j
large letters, and on the other, “ United States I
of America, 1852.” This is a more convenient
coin in size than the present gold dollar, hut, sug
gests the Ledger, as the public are now fa
miliar with the size and shape of the present
dollar, it is probably well enough to continue
them, and authorize gold ha : f dollar pieces of the
rim-shape proposed, by which the inconvenience
now experienced from want of change would
be greatly relieved. The half dollar of rim
shape would be as large as the present gold dol
lar, and yet could readily be distinguished by
touch from the whole dollar. We think
it probable however, that the better plan
would be ultimately to have both the gold dol
lar and the proposed gold half-dollars of the rim
shaped pattern, as the difference in their properly
proportioned sizes would, without doubt, be
sufficient to permit of their being readily distin
guished from each other with quite as great fa
cility and certainty indeed, as the silver half
dimes and three cent pieces.
Message of the Governor of Missouri.—
Gov. King, of Missouri, in his annual message,
sets down the actual State debt at $584,736, and
the taxable property at $112,465,653, which is
double the assessment seven years ago. The
amount in the Treasury is sufficient to defray
the ordinary expenses, and to meet the interest
on the State debt; and then leave a surplus on
hand.
Consumption of Cotton. —The N. Y. Econ
omist computes that immigration of the last four
years has added 27,000,000 of yards to the regu
lar annual demand for vottou goods.
Important from Mexico.
We learn, (says the N. O. Picayune of 20th
inst..) from Capt. Filletti, of the schooner Am
phitrite, arrived yesterday from Havana, which
port she left on the 13th inst., that three Mexi
can Commissioners arrived at that port on the
9th, and left next day for Kingston, Jamaica, to
communicate with Gen. Santa Anna, and if pos
sible, pursuade him to return to Mexico and
head the revolution against Arista. The Com
missioners reported that every State in the Re
public, with the exception ®f three, had joined
the revolutionary movement.
Dr. Gardiner.—This gentleman, whose
name has been so extensively published in con
nexion with the awards of the Mexican Com
mission, in the papers of the country, returned to
Washington on Thursday from a visit to Mexi
co. It is stated he is in full possession of the
facts proving beyond controversy the existence
of the silver mine claimed by him near San
Luis Potosi, of which he alleges he was dispos
sessed.by the Mexican authorities, and for which
an award was made in his favor by the Board of
Commissioners, under the treaty. The editor of
the Baltimore Sun had on Friday an interview
with Mr. Henry May, the chief officer of the
commission, and learns from him that all these
publications are unauthorized, and that none of
them emanate from the members of the board,
who are under strict injunctions of secrecy.—
Moreover, he intimates very properly that,
whatever evidence may be in the hands of the
commission, Dr. Gardiner is entitled to an un
biassed public opinion, in the position he occu
pies before the country, as an individual await
ing a legal investigation before a proper tribu
nal.
The Caloric Ship.—The Philadelphia Board
of Trade has invited Capt. Ericsson to visit
that port with his caloric ship, in order that the
citizens may have an opportunity of judging of
the merits of the principle involved in the in
vention, and which may have so important a
bearing on the future prosperity of the com
mercial marine of this country.
Testimonial.—Hon. T. Butler King,late Col
lector of Customs at San Francisco, has been
presented with a salver and goblet of California
gold, of great beauty of design and workman
! ship, by the officers and gentlemen attached to
the various departments of the customs at that
place, as a token of their regard and esteem.
The New Spanish Minister. Frederick
Rancali, Count of Alcoy, the new Premier of
Spain, is the same who was lately Governor of
| Cuba. He was originally a military man, and
j fought for Donna Isabel in Navarre. He began
[ his political caieer in 1840, by siding with Es
partero, and afterwards, in 1846, belonged to
the Cabinet of Miraflores, as Minister of War.
The Cuban Expedition.—A deputation of
Cubans, it is said, has visited Washington, and
! urged very strongly that the Government would
I abandon its attempts to purchase Cuba, for the
I reason that it will be abortive, and that it dis
j courages the exertions of those Cubans who
| really desire to procure their independence.
Election of Postmasters by the People.—
The democrats of Zanesville, Ohio, held an
election on Saturday last for a Postmaster, to be
reeommended to Gen. Pierce for appointment
which resulted in the success of John B. Roberts
over six competitors. The democrats of Steub
enville, Ohio, held a similar electh n on the
same day, when Thos. Brashear led the poll.
i The net income of the New-York Croton
Aqueduct Department, during the last year, was
$519,592; an increase of $67,907 over the pre
vious year. Various plans are suggested to in-
I crease the supply of water. Various plans are
suggested to increase the supply of water. Os
; the necessity for this increase, the Commission
ers say “that if no systematic effoit be made to
I circumscribe the use of water, eight years will
bring the city of New-York to the daily con
sumption of all the capacity ofthe aqueduct can
bring, and more than twice as much as the minium
flow of the river can furnish.” To guard against
such a contingency, it is proposed to erect an
other immense reservoir within the city, and al
so to convert the numerous lakes forming the
sources ofthe Croton, (covering, in the aggre
j gate, nearly 4009 acres.) into reservoirs of water
: which would be capable of continuing the sup
ply for more than half a year, and be much more
than equal to the supposed emergency. It is be-
I lieved that such works might be constructed as
to store water equal to a daily supply of 100,-
j 000,000 gallons, or 40,000,000 beyond the capaci
i ty of the aqueduct.
I Intercession for the Madiais.—A despatch
i from Washington says the President has author
: ized Mr. Everett to write to the Duke of Tus
cany, requesting him to release the Madiai fam
ily, and permit them to come to this country.—
This is not to be considered an official docu
ment, but a private letter expressing Mr. Eve
rett’s wishes and those of Mr. Fillmore. Mr.
E’s. personal acquaintance with the Duke of
: Tuscany will probably add weight to his com
munication.
The New St. Charles Hotel.—This splen
did establishment will soon be opened in New
Orleans. Our readers will remember the former
Hotel of this name, which was said to be the
best in the world, and which was destroyed by
fire in 1851. The new establishment is said to
be an improvement on the old, unrivalled as
that was. It has been built with a nice regard
; to comfort and architectual elegance—will be
furnished throughout with the most costly fur
! niture, and altogether will far surpass any similar
house in this country or Europe.
Honey Bek.—The Albany Cultivator has an
i interesting article on Honey Bees, from the pen
' of a distinguished professor, from which we
j quote the following paragraph :
“ Many—nearly everybody—suppose that the
bee culls honev from the nectar of the flowers,
and simply carries it to its cell in the hive. This
is not correct. The nectar it collects from the
flower is a portion ol its food or drink, the honey
it deposites in its cell is a secretion trom its
mellific or honey secreting glands, analogous to
the milk secreting gland of the cow and other
animals. If they were the mere collectors and
transporters of honey from the flowers to the
honey comb, then we would have the comb fre
quently filled with molasses whenever the bees
have fed at the molasses hogshead. The honey
bag in the bee perforins the same functions as
the cow’s bag or udder, merely receiving the
honey from the secretion glands, and retaining
it until a proper opportunity presents for its be
ing deposited in its appropriate storehouse, the
honey comb. Another error is, that the bee
l collects pollen from the flowers accidentally,
; while it is in search of honey. Quite the con
i trary is the fact. The bee, while in seach of
i nectar or honey, as it is improperly called, does
I not collect pollen. It goes in search of pollen
■ specially, and also for nectar. When the pollen
of the flower is ripe,and fit for the use of the bee,
there is no nectar; when there is nectar, there
is no pollen fit for its use in the Hower.
It is generally supposed, also, that the bee
collects the wax from which it constructs its
comb, from some vegetable substance. This is
also an error. The wax is a secretion from its
body, as the honey is; and it makes its appear
ance in small scales or flakes, or under the rings
i ofthe belly, and is taken thence by other bees,
i rendered plastic by mixture with the saliva of
i the bees’months, and laid on the walls ofthe
cell with the tongue, very much in the way a
j plasterer uses his trowel.”
Bacon.
■ The importance ot this trade is becoming more
i and more evident in conneetion with this city.
I Cincinnati owes much of her prosperity to the
i hog trad .'. Situated in a section of country giv
en to the raising of stock, she has turned all her
energy to command the entire business of curing
bacon and supplying the Southern demand.
This is all well and proper. East and Middle
Tennessee are well calculated for the same busi
ness. Millions of hogs are annually raised and
driven or slaughtered, for home consumption and
markets farther South. In East Tennessee, the
very favorable situation of Chattanooga, for
slaughtering, has attracted the attention of some
of our most reliable citizens, and in the few past
years the quantity of bacon cured has increased
with great rapidity, and this year it will be near
ly double the preceding. Besides many contracts
and private sales, there will be 1,000,000 pounds
of bacon for sale this season. This is but a com
mencement of what it will be, judging- from
the interest manifested and capital which is
daily being invested. There are men here who
calculate to supply the demands at home, in
North Alabama and Georgia. We can see no
reason why Chattanooga cannot do this much.
If capital and energy can accomplish this, we do
not doubt but that it will be done in a few years.
We learn of several who have, and are making
their arrangements to be ready for the coming
season.— Chattanooga Mvcrliser, 2(Uh inst.
A native African, called Uncle More, resides
in Wilmington, N. C., eighty-three years of age
—for forty-five years a slave. His time is chief
ly occupied in reading the Scriptures in Arabic.
He writes the language with remarkable accu
racy and beauty of penmanship, and his origi
nal version of the sacred text, is said to be high
ly instructive.
Hon. D.L. Yulee, of Florida, in a letter to the
Jacksonville News, dated Margarifa, Fla., Dec
27, denies the statement made s me time since,
to the effect that a curious correspondence be
tween him and Mr. Rhett, reflecting upon ths
conduct of some of their coadjutors in the Sen
ate, with respect to the secession project, was
about to be published.
Shooting Match.-—On Tuesday last a shoot
ing match came off at tho Point House, near
Philadelphia, between D. Wills and B. Robin
son. Fifteen birds were fired at by each, and
with precisely the same result, fourteen birds be
ing killed on both sides. The contest was to
have been resumed again yesterday, for the pur
pose of deciding who is to be the victor.
American Books in England.—ln a late
number of the London Athemrum we find forty
nine American Books advertised, one extensive
ly reviewed, and four favorably “ noticed. A
far greater number of volumes of American lite
rature have been sold in England during the year
1852, than of English literature in America I
Long Pavement.—Taking Third street, Phil
adelphia, from the lower end of Southwark, on
to the Germantown road, and then up said road
to the top of Chesnut Hill, is said to give one
contiuous line of pavements, 14 miles long—the
longest in the world.
The Celebrated Will of R T. Hairston, of
Henry county, Miss., by which his whole estate,
amounting to half a million of dollars, is given
to a little negro, was admitted to record, we see
at the last term of the counl y couit.
U. S. ship Cyane, Capt. Hollins,arrived at Key
West,from Havana, previous to the 10th inst. Of
ficers and crew’ all well. The small pox was so
prevalent at Havana, that Capt. Hollins deemed
it prudent to put into Key West for a few days.
Fire and Loss op Life.—The confectionery
store of Mr. Richard King, in Montreal, was de
stroyed by Area few days since, and Mrs. King,
her two sons and servant girl perished in the
Hames.
Gov. John P. Gaines, of Oregon, was married
on the 25th of November, at the residence ofthe
surveyor or general of that territory, to Miss
Margaret B. Wands, formerly of Albany, N. Y.
It may serve as a comfort to us in all our ca
lamities and afflictions, that he that loses any
thing, and gets wisdom by it, is a gainer by the
loss.
During 1852, there were 23 vessels wrecked
on the Florida Reef; amount of salvage paid
$80,112; expenses, $82,388. Value of vessels
and cargoes, $663,800.
Stephen Paulding, one of the veterans who
composed Washington’s Life Guard, died in
Monroe, Me., on the 30th ult., in the 97th year
of his age’
Rev. Mr. Bixby and wife, Rev. Mr. Whita
ker and wife, and Mr. C. Bennet, have sailed
from Boston as Missionaries to Maulmain.
It is said that the Hon. R. F. Stockton con
templates resigning his seat in the U. S. Senate.
The Receipts of Cotton this season at Ogle
thorpe. Ga., fall short of those last year oy 2,225
bales.
A Panther, measuring six feet eeven and a
halfinches in length, and Weighing 116 pounds
was recently killed by Mr. Miller on the High
tower trail, about sixteen miles from Atlanta.
I Small Notes in Alabama.—A law im
posing a penalty of SSO upon any persons cir
culating bills nnder $5 of any bank out of the
State, went into operation on the 17th inst., in
Alabama.
A Kind Deed.—The Mayor of the city of
Portsmouth, N. H., C. S. Toppan, has given to
the city his salary for las' year ($300) as a per
petual fund, the income of which is to be an
nually expended in extras for the Thanksgiving
dinner for the inmates of the alms house.
I Railroad Meeting.—The Citizens of Cum -
ming have appointed the first Tuesday in Feb
ruary for a meeting in that place, to forward the
enterprise of a Railroad from Atlanta to Dah
lonega by Cumming.
The Weather.—The cold at the North has
been severe. The Hudson liver was frozen
over on Saturday night last at West Point, and
people are crossing it on the ice. At Balti
more, on Saturday night, the thermometer stood
at 16 degrees.
Galignani informs us 'hat recently, on the es
planade near the church ot St. Vincent de Paule,
a small cauiago containing two hteti, was
moving about with the utmost facility, in every
direction, without the aid of horses. The mo
tive power was air, compressed by means suffi
ciently economical, it was said, to allow its em
ployment in most of the cases in which steam
is now used.
During 1852, there were 1,344 marriages ami
4,034 baptisms in the Catholic churches in Cin
cinnati.
Mr. Smith Walker, who was grinding scythes
for Messrs. A. W. Crossman & Co., in Warren,
Mass., was instantly killed, on the 13th inst.,
by the stone bursting upon which he was grind
ing.
Mexican Boundary Commission.—Lieut
May, Col. Emory, Major Bartlett, Lieut. Bell,
and others connected with the Mexican Boun
dary Commission, arrived at New Orleans or.
the 12th instant, from Texas.
Pastoral Duties.—During the ministry of
the Rev. Jotham Sewall, of Maine, which was
fifty-two years, he pleached twelve thousand
six hundred and twenty-six sermons.
The New Jersey Legislature has $ Wt be
fore it providing that a commission wray be is
sued in the case of a habitual drunkard, to pre
vent him from wasting his proueity, in a man
ner similar to commission Tor lunacy.
M. S. Mason, Esq., prosecuting attorney- ot
Jefferson county, Ohio, was found dead in a cel
lar in Columbus, on Saturday morning las r . It
is supposed he fell into it in the dark during the
night, while passing along the street.
Criticism.—A Memphis paper criticising the
performances at the theatre, says : “ Miss Dean
lightens, but Miss Logan both thunders and light
ens.” What a stormy time the audience must
have had of it.
India rubber horse-shoes are now manufactur
ed at the North.
Lexington, Ky., has just voted not to grant
any more liquor licenses. The popular will was
quite decided on the subject.
James Summons, sentenced to be hung at
Cincinnati, has been granted a new trial.
An order has been received at Boston, from.
California, for 120,000 lbs. of butter.
A bill to repeal the general banking law is be
fore the Legislature of Illinois.
During December there were 26 deaths in
Wilmington, Del.
The yearly sale of playing cards in France*
amounts to six millions of francs.
The coach factory of Eaton. Gilbert i. Co . at
Albany, N. Y., has been sold to a railroad com •
pany for SIOO,OOO.
The will of Amos Lawrence does not confirm
the statement that he had left Mrs. Pierce
000.
The Captain-General of Cuba, by order oi the
Queen, has sent two millituis of reals to be dis
tributed among the poor families who suffered by
the late earthquakes.
The receipts of the American Tract Society,
during December, amounted to $41,621. An
appropriation of $20,000 for foreign missions ha»
Just been made.
A fire occurred in New-York on Wednesday
night by which the warehouse, No. 36 Cedar
street, occupied by Messrs. Beach, extensive
dealers in British and French laces, was entirely
destroyed. The flames also communicated to
the adjoining building which was considerably
damaged. The total loss is estifhated at SIOO -
000, mostly covered by insurance.
In a correspondence recently publishe/[ be.
tween Lord Palmerston and Lord Ho wden-
Minister in Spain, the formiw instructs the min
ister to recommend to tba Government of Spain
in Cuba to follow the example set them by New
Grenada, in declaring the total abolition ot
slavery, so that it shall not fall into the hands ot
the United States.
A Lady Sculptor —Miss Harriet Hosmer,
Boston, now at Rome, under the tuition of Mr.
Gibson, has modelled already a large bust of Ve
nus, to Gibson’s infinite amazement and delight.
It is said he takes all Rome to see it, and says
there is not a sculptor- in Rome who could do
better, while there are many who could not ap
roach it.
Vermont Senator.—We learn from Wash
ington that the Hon. Mr. Phelps, of Vermont,
who arrived there on the very day the late Ron.
Mr. Upham died, received a commission from,
the Governor of that State to fill the vacancy rsr
the U. S, Stnate.