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About Weekly Georgia constitutionalist and republic. (Augusta, Ga.) 1851-185? | View Entire Issue (Dec. 13, 1854)
AUGUSTA. GA. SA Tl RDAY, I>» A' 9 I Negro Shot O» Wodno-Jay nig* t a Negri, man, the property I or kA. Fleming. *a- rhul on the corner of Mar- L’Crv and Ktlis ■ i l r ec * by s yeung man by the owiuie of Jamss Ci.aek i; ile was shot in the Bide, M>d • new laying in a critical condition, with but MUie hope that he will survive When shot, the I pistol was so near the j erton ot the Negro, that on its discharge Iclotl.es took fire. Clarke made a ha.iv retreat after committing the deed, and our •ity oiEo r? were, soon alter tho occurrence, in pur euit of him. but u; to tho time of going to prose, we have heard of no arrest. The Cadets Ou; street, yes'er lay morning were enlivened l»y martial music and the appearance ot two Companies of Cadets from the Georgia .Military Ins'itute a* Marietta. After going through sun dry military maiosuvres and marchrng through aoure of our principal streets, both Companies ' repaired to their camp-ground. In the after noon, they paid the city another visit'under the •ommand of Col. Brixkv. On halting belore the United States Hotel, they were received and welcomed to the city by His Honor the .Mayor aad the members of our City Council. We were not present on th» occasion, but lean; that toe address of the Mayor was in his usual style, GA abort, to the p >ii t and sincere. After the reception, the Cadets went through various ev lotions,marching and couater-march »ag—f ing by platoons, company and battalion, all of which were executed with the exactness ‘ of Teter,’.ns. and ’limited much applause from the I* Bamerons spectators They then marched d..-vn Broad street, and to their Camp *. tiunJ. vvl.ere they were dismissed, the C mp broken up. and the members separated | fev their respective h >mes, as there is a vacation ■> til February r.ext. We cannot part with this y .*u till'd ba i, w *th oat complimenting them on their soldierly-like an,, g-=: tlemarily bear;' g wLd-.- in our city. As soldiers or gen’leme;: they are a,: honor to the State, and have not th-:r superiors in the Union • —West Point not excepted. The tollowing is a het ot the officers and pri vates academic staff. Col. A. V. Brukby. Commanding Major C. A. Debby, Cant. W. T. Black, Prof. W. H. Hunt, “ J. E. Goodwin, Ast. Prof. R. S. Camp. CADET STAFF. Adj’t. J. D. Pepper, Quaiter Master, W. T. Tatum, “ " Serg’t. J. C Evu, Serg’t Major, J. M. Bvntino. COMPANY A. Cap*. C. M. Forty th, ’.st Lieut. G. H. Thompson, 2d " J. B. Lawrence, , ist Serg’t. C. H. Olmstead, 'ail " E. F. Lawson, ■'«%- 3d - MP. King, 4th “ W. A. Reid Ist Corp*!. R. M. Stiles, 2d “ G. W. Thomas, 3d “ J. Patton, 4th “ J. M[Hedge. Private Banks, Private Hutchins, do. Barrett. do. Iverson, do. Blount, do. Lamar, do. Brown, do. Lumpkin. d«. Burge, do. Manning, do. Caraeweig do. Matthews, ds Clarke, do. McNisa, do. Conyers, do. Simms, do Dunham, do. Strong, do Gould, do. Thomas, ’ ' do. Griffin, do. Thornton. '■ J jfci Habersham. do. Turner, ' do. Hailowea, do. Tweedeli, do. Harkey, do Watters, ffcpkins, do. Way, do. Howell, do. WilUamsoc I * COMPANY B Capt. E. N. Atkinson, Ist Lieut. O. D. Jones, 21 “ F. H. Combs, Ist Serg’t. A. J. Barron, 2d ~ J. L Branch, 3d “ C. .8. Wyliy 4th “ E. Haywood, Ist Corp’i. G. H Lytbgoe, 2d " P. B. Young, 3d “ J. J. Ball, 4th “ E. B. Stiles. Wrvate Appling | I Private Hunt. Jo. Ardis. do. Kin?, F. ds. Bobo, do. Lang, de. Bones, do. Lewis, do. Bryson, do. Miller, do Carr, do. Meriwether, do Carmody, do. Moore, • do. Clarke, do. Pendarvis, do Dobbs, do. Perryman, do. Ferry, do. Persons, do Fleming, M. do. Pettus, do Fleming, S. do. Ruff. do. Ford, do. Shaw, do. Gleen. I do. Stephens, do. Harris. j do. Tennant, do. Ha} wood, J. do. W;nn. do Hughes, Colton Burned. On Tuesday last, about one o’clock, Are was discovered in an open car, laden with thirty-five j, bales of Cotton, at the Georgia Railroad Depot. . it was communicated by a passing engine, and eboat twenty-five bales were consumed. The remainder was saved in a damaged condition. A Horrid ?*4urdbr. —The Sumpter Repub lican of the 30th ult., says A murder was com mitted in this county last Sunday morning. A hui ibyti e name of Elisha Owei» shot another by Cha name of Henry Turner. The case is bow ur.dergoirg a Je.ei investigat; >n. From what we have heaid of the circumstance, we hat*: no doubt I ’ ’tat it was a case of premedi tated murder. Tmf Ucuhea.;x Question. —The great >i::t before the Supreme Court of the G.-.ihd States, institut'd by t'.> f st" of Florida against the Nrale of G-xir.i Io: ' . rest I rrrer.t. ot the dis puted boundary line between these States, it is pr.babie will be called ori at an early period of it;, approaching term. ‘ involves nearly two tn l inns of ac sos land ll * Hon. Mr. Pspy, *a - Attorney Getie.-al of I' irida, is in Washir g tsn wiih rvtereneo iu it. Xr. Reverdy Johnu n is associated with bom Senator Badger,-,! North Cnrolinn, ar. ' -x-Se'-ife- E. rr>u of Georgia, aie <!•>«..;i 1 lor the Slain nr G-orp a. Ths L.aited (States owning o*' of tr. , '" > ■ in dispute, r. Cashing., the Haiti 1 States A-Puirney-Genecal Will appear in behalf of the government, to >. . - tain the lino claimed by Florida, ‘which rur.s from the mound made by Mr. Ellicott and tho Spanish commissioner in 180 b, to the Chatta toochee river. ' DkFAKTvae of Missionariei.—R*v. H. R Hitchcock and wife, K v. Georee Pear on and sria railed from Boston on Tur .-lay in th.,' Omn Perri. Cap*. -m f" 3 ■••••'•'». Mr. ■>.;.! M;a. L , ...!.i j‘ ?. I r. n . - ’■'-ni .Vila I Sandwich Islands mission more than twenty years; and they now return to Molokai, their island home, with two sons. Mr. and Mrs Baldwin, an* to occupy a vacant station nt the Islands. Mr. and Mi-. Pearson are bound to Strong s Islands, when* they expect to be associ ated with Rev. V! r Snow The usual religious exerei es were .•*••,ducted by the Rev. Mr. Kirk. The Virginia remocratic State Conven tion. Ihe Virginia Democratic State Convention assemble*! on Fiiday, at Staunton, and was tem porarily organized by the appointment of Col. George Baylor, of Augusta, Chairma i, and Wil- | Ham F. Ritchie aud Robeit W. flughe* Secreta- ‘ ties. A Committee of one Irom each district was | appointed to nominate permanent officers, and rejiorted Oscar M. Crutchfield, of Spottsylvania for President, aud thirteen Vice Presidents. Much confusion ensued upon a motion to go into a nomination for Governor. A long debate then took place upon the rules j to be adopted in casting the vote. Mr. Shackelford moved that the Convention not make a nomination for Governor or Lieuten ant Governor, unless the candidates receive a vote sufficient to represent a majority of the whole Democratic vote in the State. Mr. Garnett offered as a substitute, that the Convention shall require a majority ot the votes cast to nominate candidates for Governor, Lieu tenant Governor, and Attorney General. Adopt- rbis was considered a triumph for the Wise j party, and they being strongest in the Conven- i tion, exciting times are expected. Ao effort will probably be made to further amend, by adopting the two-thirds rule. The Democratic vote represented in the Con ’ ver.tion is sixtj-one thousar.d lour hundred, and ; the whole Democratic vote of the State is about 'i-ventv thousand. Bank of Mii.lf.doevili.e —Tr,e Milledgeville : Recorder ot Sth inst. says: This institution, which it will l-e temembesed, turned wild cat ia*-‘ spring, closed doors on Wednesday last. We presume it has but few bills out in Georgia. Is it rot time 'or the people everywhere to reform ; their system of banking ? Tus CuAßLr.sroN Artesian Weld.—Most ol our readers are aware that the work of sinking an Artesiun Well in the city of Charleston has been perseveringly prosecuted for many years past. The earth has been penetrated to a great i depth, but until recently the prospect of obtain ing a supply of water has been very discouraging. We learn from the Courier that on Saturday evening last a vein was reached which has con tinued since then to yield a stream apparently unvarying, at the rate of two and a half gallons per minute, ot one hundred and fifty gallons per hour. The pressure of the head spring or supply will maintain a column to the height of twenty-, five feet above the surface. The total depth of the well is 1211 feet, of which 1200 have been tubed. The depth actually bored by measure ment has been 1205 feet, and the apeiture has been deepened and extended six feet by the ac tion of the water itself, and by the substruction of the quantities of sand that have been forced up on several occasions, as will be remembered by al! who have noted the progress of the work. The indii-ations exhibited by the infiux oi up rising of the sand have authorized for some time the belief that the borer was near to some good supply of water and yet had not reached it fully —in consequence, the stream, in seeking an out -I*. t. apparently has forced its way through sand, thus barring its own passage through the tubing. Several fitful gushes and sudden outburst* ol wa- | ter have occurred from time to time, but the sup- ■ ply of Saturday last is the first instance of a ; steady stream, and is, therefore, more significant as an omen ot approaching success. The water, lemaiks the Cornier, has not as yet been annaljzed or tested w ith any accuracy or precision. To the taste—a trial which we had the opportunity of making—it is not very pleasant, jet indicates no ingredient that would render it inapplicable. It may be, also, that some of the peculiarities thus indicated aie due to the solution of matter, from the surface yet unpro tected by tubing. From conclusions ami obser vations, based on Maj. Welton’s former labors in this line, he is strongly disposed to believe that a larger supply will be found immediately below I the next stratum of rock. Such we trust will i be the case. Bans Dividends —The Marine and Planters’ | Banks of Savannah, have each declared a semi- I anneal dividend of five per cent. The Central I Railroad and Banking Company, has declared a ’ mixed dividend of stock and money, equal to I' four per cent upon the profits of the past six months. Tbe Republican says when we con ; siler the almost entire suspension of business I here during a part of the summer, these dividends I speak highly ot the management ot these insti tutions. : The Bremen Mails.—The next steamer on ; the Bremen line will not d**: .i: .rorn New York j until tbe 27th day ol January, 1855. In the meantime, correspondents writing to Germany • should direct their letters to go either in tbe open I mail to England, or by the “ Prussian Closed j Mail.” When directed to be forwarded iu the [ open :r:a*l, the L’:..ted States postage o! five or i twenty-one cents the single rate must be pre ; paid; five cents when forwarded by British and ’ twenty-one cents when by United States steam i * .*■;. The Prussian closed mail rate is thirty ! c *,ta, ; ;e-j.?.ym. *.?. optional. We have to record another seizure, in Ntw York, ufsmuggled goo.*s. As tho p ..'se**** -re tn ixu I tire '.( ' -.n ship Africa wero l-aving that v :! on Wednesday evening seen after her ar il j I at; her dock at Jersey City, the revenue offi * ers discovered a number of watches and a quan tity ■ j*: A **.'ry s«- reted iri so ne trunks belou;- ing to passengers. The further debarkation ol tie |.».reei;g''rs that night was prohibited, ; nd they were all strictly searched the next morning before they v ere allowed to depart. The Snr veyor of t'e. I’ort has in custody the contraband goods, wbiri. ,-re estimated iu be woith seventy five tbousan' dollars. A Circus Company at New Orleans, is play ing a new piece entitled the “ Captureot Sevas topol.” The manager cleverly apologises for thus “ taking time Ly Ihe forelock,” by declaring that his piece has been ready thiec weeks, and in: cannot afford to longer await the tardy move ments ol the Anglo French Allien. Miss Julia Dean commenced an eagagement it be Char!i ■ ton th< itre Moud y n ght. The Fair. The pleasures and excitements incident to the Fair, the fond hopes of bearing off the trophies won by successful competition, and the abiding feais ol a contrary result—are. all over now. What was hope yesteiday is changed to reality, or disappointment now. In our daily reports ot contiibu’ions to the Fair, we have labored to be impartial, and en deavored to no ice every article offered. That we may have omitted many things, we admit. Among tie most attractive articles at the Fair, and which we have not reported, were the Oil Paintings, and likewise the Polycheornatic Monoduomatic, India Ink and Pencil Sketches. The contributors were, .Miss. Sarah A. Belcher, Miss Caroline A. Reilley, Mrs. J. M. Brett, Miss C. L. Wilde, Capt. A. M. Brodie, H. A. Brooks, aud G. C. Taylor, ot Augusta, Miss Augusta M. Plant, ot Macon, Master Thomas B Bomar, ol Atlanta, only eleven years old, Miss E. Robinson and Miss S. A. J. Turner.of Augusta, Mrs. R D. Mallei y,,Miss E. C. Evans an 1 Carrie Barton Huckins, of Madison. All of these works of ait and taste were highly creditable to the genius and talent of the exhibitors. A De Lono, of New Orleans,exhibited several beautiful specimens of Writing. We were much pleased with the good order which prevailed, and gratified to notice that near ly every article offered for exhibition was care fully taken care of. Much credit is due for this result to Messrs. Rose arid Green, of Macon, and :to Col. Parish, and Maj Isham Thompson,of this ; city, lor their indefatigable zeal, watchfulness I and industry during the Fair. These gentlemen were most untiring iu their attentions. As soon as we can obtain an official copy of the Premium list, we will publish it. Tho Baby Show. j Thejast scene in the Baby Show line came off' j yesterday, und much anxiety was manifested by i the crowd to see the fortunate little ones. We ! understand that there were some seven entries and that more premiums would have been awarded had the conditions ol the Society been, complied with, requiring them to be dressed in homespun Premiums were awarded to three. ■ in the following order. Ist. The daughter oi Mrs. Jackson Turpin, aged 2 years, a silver pitcher worth SSO. 2 1. A fine-looking buy of Mrs. G. McLaugh lin, eighteen mouths ol*l, silver pitcher worth 3d. A tat, ruby and handsome boy of Mrs. D. j B. Plumb, ten months old, a silver goblet worth I $lO. The Baby Show added much to the interest to the Fair, aud we hope the managers will con tinue annually to offer inducing premiums for their production, for there is no branch in do i mestic manufactures in which more interest is I felt. Daring Robbery. We have read and heard of many daring rob beries,but we think none of them will even bear a comparison to one which took place on the Georgia Railroad errs on Friday morning, be twenn Camac and Berzelia. As we learn, Col. J. W. M. Berrien, of Rome, and a portion of his family, were in the cars, on their waj- to this city. He had a large amount of money about his person. He was seated on the back seat, his daughter ;i:nd another young lady, a relative were on tbe seat in front, and his sou, an intelli gent lad of twelve or thirteen years ot age, and a servant, occupied the third seat. Be tween the jtwo above designated, the lamp near the Colonel was ex*iu 4 u.cued. His son took notice of it, but thought it was done by 1 the Conductor or some one con reefed with the ■ train. Shortly after a strangt i took his seat by I Col. Bei rien, and after sum.- coaveisatiun, suc | eeeded in administering to him Chlorifonn until jhe became insensible. He then cut the buttons off his overcoat and extracted from hrs side pock et a package of Bills amounting to tiive thous and one hundred and sixty dollars. Not content with this, he took from the pantaloons pocket the Colonel's Wallet, containing about SI,OOO. — Had he known that iu the other pocket of the pantaloons there was a package containing S2OOO, he might have taken that also. The mo ' ney stolen was mostly South Carolina bills. In I the large package there, were twenty one hun- I died dollar bills and some fifties. I Up to last evening, Col. Berrien was laboring under the effects oi the chloriform administered ; and was confined to his bed all day. As soon as i he is able, be will publish a list oi the bills stolen, and he requests us to state that he. will pay i a handsome reward lor the' recovery ot the money, or the detection of the bold robber. Stabbed. We understand tlaat a man by the name of Bloxton was stabbed in four different places, on Thursday' night, by another earned Crawford. The knife used, was a small pen knife, and we learn the wounds are not considered dangerous. The negro of Mr. R. A. Fleming, noticed iin our paper as having been shot by Jas. Clark, died on Thmslay morning about half past I twelve o’clock. Clark has not as yet been ar rested, but we understand our police officers are i on bis trail. I The Newport Times says: —The Steamer Pampero arrived at that place on tbe 25th from K- y Wes* and left tor New Orleans, via. Apa lachicola, on the 2"th lilt. Capt. Bro*>ks, with the steamer Gordon will be here in the course of this Week,on his way to Mew O'leane, and wo have strong hopes she will < J.ethpiece of the Jasper in tin lino. Among cur itemsol news fiem Washington,is one to the effect tl.at the friendr. of Mr. Benton in tbe Missoini Legislature are endeavoring to effect a htior. with U*o whig members, for the purpose ot defeating Mr. Atchisons’s eleclion tq tbe United States Senate. It is statid tbit Hun. Henry A. Wisa has received ihe nomination for Governor of Virginia by the Detnocintic State Conven'ion of that Stnte The proceedings ot tbe Convention are said to have been characterized by unusual turbulence. Adams Co., have brought forward from Los Angeles, p*r steamer Star of the West, the novel shipment ol a tew boxes office California grapes as a present to President Pierce and other digni taries at Washington. They have arrived in fine older. l fi Mini.roNAßiES.—Hon. Z-dock Pratt and Hon. Daniel 8. Dickinson, ex-Members of Congress, .and both of whom commence*' life as mechanics are ret down among the New Fulk tnillionaries 1 . The property of the former n value.! at $250,000 and that ol the latter et B’oo,ooo. Mr. and Mrs. Barney Williams, it is stated 1 have met with great success in California. They opened in Sau Francisco about the Ist of Octo ber, to a house of over $.3,000, and played twen- | ty one nights to an average ot $2,000 per night ; Their share during this three weeks’ engage- : tnent was $16,000. Fike at tub S. C. R. R. Dkfot.—At I about five o’clock last evening (says the Charles- • ton Cornier 6th inst.,) the cotton on two plat-I form cars at the Upper or Line-street Depot of I the South Carolina Rail Road caught fire, from, j it is believed the sparks emitted Irom a locomo- ; five which was passing at the time. Tbe fire I was quickly communicated to a third platform i car, also,containing cotton, but by the exertions of'our excellent fire department, its further pro gress was stayed, and the loss confined to some fifty or sixty bales, which was seriously damag ed by tire or water. About one hundred ministers were present at the conference of the Methodist Episcopal ; Chinch, which convened in Norfolk, Va., last week. The “Yankees” are exploring Jamaica, and are about to make settlements in that once pros perous West India Island. An extraordinary amount ot counterfeit coin I chiefly consisting of half dollars, in circulation in j Baltimore. Look out that some ot this spurious 1 mental does not burn the hands of people in this 1 direction. Cherokee Insurance & Banking Co.—We ■ are autbo.-zed to state, (says the Dalton Timer) I by F. B. Cole, the president of the above insti- ■ tution, that it is now resting upon a linn foun dation, and can redeem every dollar of its circu lation. We would therefore advise all persons who bold bills on the Cherokee Insurance & Banking Co., to give themselves no uneasiness aboht the solvency of the bank. The money is good, and those who are acquainted with Mr. Cole can testily that he is a gentleman in every sense of the word, and w ould be one amongst the last men to defraud any person out of their just rights. We would be glad to get the bills on the above institution in payment of al! debts due us. An immense number of workmen are report ed having been thrown out or employment in New Yoik last week. Five hundred men were discharged from one oi the principal Iron Works j near the Dry Dock on Friday. The cause as signed tor this deplorable ttate of affairs was the ■ general depression in manufacturing business, ' and the difficulty in collecting money aud closing i contracts. U. S. I'tmmship Princeton. —This steamer appeared off Key Weston tbe 25th ult., in search I of the missing U. S. sloop of war Albany. Hear ing nothing of her there she proceeded on her voyage. The Civil War in China.—The circulars from Canton to September 23d, speak of contin ued attacks upon that city, one of which, on the 22d, lasted lor several hours. The suburbs of Canton and the country for miles around have been mads desolate. The rebels were expect ing re-inforcements, when tbe attacks upon the city would probably be more vigorous. The amount o tea received at Canton, so tar, the present season, as compared with last year, was very small. Death of a Venerable Laoy.— Mrs. Susan V. Bradford died last week in Burlington, N. J., at the eilvjnced age ot flu years. She was a daughter of Elias Boudinot, of New Jersey, who was tbs first president of the American Bible I Society. Her husband was appointed by Gen. : Washington, in 1794, to succeed Edmund Ran i dolph as Attorney General ol the United States. By her death a large and valuable property in ; Bullington vests in the General Ass *mb'y ofthe I Presbyterian Church. Health or Ciiaulfstos. —There were 19 ! deaths in Charleston during the week ending tne 2d inst. Congressional. Both Houses ot Congress were organized at noon on .Monday. Mr. Cass was appointed pre sident of the Senate pro tem, Mr. Atchinson hav ing sent a letter resigning the presidency, and saying that he would not be able to reach Wa shington till tbe middle of December. In tbe House of Representatives, Mr. Inger soll offered a resolution, requesting the President to furnish information, touching the refusal of France to permit Mr. Soule to pass through on I his way to Madrid. The resolution was laid : over. I After some other unimportant business, tbe I House adjourned. j In the Senate on Tuesday, Bright was elected ! president, pro tent. | In the House ol Representatives the standing I committees were announced, and are the same as I at the last session, except in such committees as ; there were vacancies to be filled. Mr Phillips offered a resolution instructing the * committee of Ways and Means to bring in a bill I reducing the duty on Rail Road Iron or allow- I ing an extended credit on the same. ! Mr. Jones, ot Tennessee,moved to lay the bll on the table. The motion was lost, and tbe resolution was tt en adopted by a vote of—e.yes 97, noes 71. No other business o! importance was trans acted- * Housewife’s Difarixi.nt.—Our reporter I positively objects going to market—asserting, as i plea, that the “balai.ee of power’ between his purrs :.nd the puce placed upon the good things of life exposed for sale, is so much in favor ol the i litter, that his nerve is not equal to the encoun ter—tiut thinks, nevertheless, that our prices I v ill compare favorably with those of Chinle ston. | Tne paragrapher of the Charleston Stun,lard, not having tbe tear of such consequences before his ■ i es, gives to his readers the Housewife’s Prices I Current which we annex. The occasion seems i to call irom us an expression of opinion as to the pi ices inmarket here —and we are free to say, tnat while the butcher, the gardener and the buxter may complain of small profits, the prices we ail have to pay are “out ot | roportion” when compared with other existing circumstances : The Market. —We passed through tbe mar ket on Saturday evening, and were pleased to see an unusual activity among tbe venders, and a goodly supply of different eatables; prices ranged about as rollows : Beef 12 j, Pork 15, Mut ton 13}, and Veal 18e. per lb., T urkeys per pair $2.50 to $3, Ducks $1 to $1.25, Chickens 75 to 87Jc. according to quality. Northern Cabbage 25 to 30c. per head ; Raddishes, Turnips, &e , 6} per bunch.— Savannoh Georgian. Severe Snow Storm in Canada.—We learn Irom the Torento Colonist that a severe Strom c*Kiiineiiccd it. the Niagara district on the .IT- b ult., i nd continued for two days. The snow was ■ w tout deep ill many places, aud the sli 'ghitig gaol. [communicated.] On the uoe o' Lime and Magnesia for Agri cultural i’urposea. FIRST ARTICLB. UY FROF. JULIEN I.EBY A generally received axiom, is that the plant derives tbe whole of its substance Irom tbe ex ternal mediums in which it lives, and that al: its , constituents have penetrated into it by tbe sto mata (small openings on the under side of the leaves). or bj' the spongioles of the rootlets. It , is also admitted that all bodies which constitute the “ bill of fare” of the vegetable kingdom, ( must be either gaseous or liquid. The plant, as ' has been said, “ drinks and breathes,” but does . not “eat.” Chemists and physiologists have . come to a third conclusion ; this is, that all nu trient substances must be given to the vegetable in a compound form, and not as simple bodies. The cellular tissue has tbe [tower of decomposing ; these compounds into their ultimate constitutive elements, to take up those necessary lor its per fect development, and to throw out such as may be useless. From these three facts, may be deduced tbe , lotlowing practical results ; ist. All manures (vegetable food; must be ca- 1 pable of assimilation by the plant, i. e., must be ! soluble in water and contain such substances as ' the vegetable feeds upon. i 2*l. A manure must never contain sofuZkr sub stances noxious to vegetation, which by their ■ absorption might injure the plant. 3d. The gradual decomjiosition and consequent ! solubility of a manure, must be as exactly as I possible proportionate to the peiiod of growth of i the vegetables it is furnished to, so as to furnish | them with the necessary aliments, just as they I may want them, and this without unnecessary loss. •ttb. That tbe nature ol the sori may, by its chemical as well as physical properties, have a greet influence on the quantity or nature ol the I manure to be given. * The above propositions would need for their j full exhibition a long dissertation, only fitted lor i a journal ot scientific agriculture, and must here I be passed over in silence. I Manures are cf two kinds, organic or mor ; ganic. Among these last, pre-eminent, are Ame and the nearly allied mineral, magnetia. Hav ing lately read in this paper a valuable notice on “limestone and shell,” in which I have found some facts stated which 1 consider as incorre.t, I have thought it necessary to call attention to this subject, the impoitaace of which in Georgia is, I believe, not sufficiently appreciated. These articles are not to be considered as critical no tices, but as researches after truth, the highest aim of man’s labors, and as such, not be thought unkind or presumptuous. I shall content myself with giving a concise but genera! view of tbe whole matter, consider ed scientifically, and shall, in a subsequent paper, furnish to my readers the practical applications, deduced from theory, which will shew that these can explain all seeming failures >r. experiment ing with lime as well as ail successful trials. Science and practice here walk hand in ban*!, and the results I shall furnish will, I hope, con cord with every man’s experience on the subject. Nearly all plants contain magnesia and lime, but this does not seem to imply, as an absolute necessity, tnat much of this last substance is in dispensable in the soil, as by a number of very careful experiments, made on vegetable ashes, and or, tbe constituents of soils., it has been nearly proved to a certainty, that (as is the case wi.n potash aud soda) lime and magnesia are isomor phous in th* vegetable organism, that is, that these two bodies can, in alt proportions, replace one another w hen either is wanting in tbe ground. Lime appears, however, to be indispensable when the soil contains no magnesia, and is always use ful, even wren this last is present. Caustic lime (quicklime or oxide of Calcium) is soluble in water, but in very small proportions, or only about 1-630 oi its weight. This quick lime, it left exposed to the air, passes insensibly into a carbonate or lime by absorhsion o! the carbonic acid gas of the atmosphere. It is then said to have slacked. I'he oxide of magnesium (magnesia) is inso luble in water : it also passes into a carbonate when lelt in contact with the air, but much slower than the hme. Both these carbonates may be considered as insoluble in water. By combination with en excess of carbonic acid, however, the carbonates ot lime and mag nesia, turn into bi-carbonates, both of which are freely soluble in water. In this state, these * minerals are often lound, to a great extent, in i spring and river water. The boiling of such j waters, drives off a portion ol the carbonic acid, I and the insoluble first named, simple carbonate, j is precipitated in the shape of a hard cruet, which I lines the boilers. The bi-carbonate of lime, and bi-carbonate of ' magnesia are frequent in nature, being formed j every time a simple carbonate comes into contact with water, bolding in suspension carbonic acid, (few waters are free from this gas) and are then readily taken up by the plant. Lime acts not only as an alimentary substance for the vegeta ble, but also indirectly by its chemical action on many other constituents of the soil. Silicium (as an example) which exists in near ly all plants, especially in the sterns. & ■., of the Cerealia, is obtained not from the sand (oxide of silicium) of the soil, which is quite insoluble, but from several silicates (comb.nations cf silicic acid oxygen and silicium) with different ox ides, which silicates are more or less soluble in water. The most common silicates are those of nlumiun, of lime, of :r agnesia,of iron, ot manga nese, L. me has the power of rendering the silica of the alurniuic and otb**r silicates soluble the silicic aci I iseliminated by the carbonic acid’ so that by the addition cf carbonate or bi-carbo nate of lime the silicates of potash, of magnesia, &c , become carbonates of potash, of magnesia, &c., the silicic acid being at the moment ot its formation taken up ty the spongioles As a consequence of t!ss, we find that the hydraulic limestones are the more active in their agricul tural uses, the msre eiiicates ot alumina they contain. I’he chemical ri. lior, ol tho cxido, silicate, and carbonate of lime, in the soil is so complex and difficult, that I fear I would by many not be read er understood, if I were here to expose rny special views on tbe subject; the fruit of a long in vestigation of the matter, and I must reserve these observations for an elaborate treatise, which I hope some day to publish. 1 rnay, h< wever.roccluda here, by stating that every particle of lime or magnesia, found in the affics of plants, rmust h«vo penetrated into them as a tii-csrbonate, or as a combination of oxide of caicium, v, j u rneot the metallic acids form ing salts, sotue of which are soluble. The result** of all my researches may be re surr.'.t meter ttie following beads: Lime and Magnesia. Ist. Neo'rslize the acids that may ex t in ti e soil, such as iar.oic acid, acetic acid, ox-', acid, &c., and hinder their noxious effects *>.i ■.■■■*;eta tion. 2d. Form a calcareous basis necessary to the whole of our cultivated plants, but more so to some ol these than to others. 3d. Produce, during the period of vegetation organic salts in the interior of the plant, by their combination with tbe superabundant vegetable acids, and thus act very beneficially in favoring the vita! phenomena. 4th. Help the decompo* ition of the silicates oi the soil—giving rise to free silicic acid, which serves as food lor the plant, while at the same t* me,the rreed basis are also rendered soluble, and subsequently in their turn, absorbed and fixed in the living tissues. 5. Hasten the tiansformation of dead organic substances into humus; the nitrogen, the saline substances, the ulmates, tec., being by the same act, and by their means, rendered soluble and fitted tor the food ot plants. 6th. Raise or lower the temperature of the earth’s surface, according to particular circum stances. 7th. Change the mechanical nature of thesoil making it either more triable or more compact, thi* being dependent on its primitive nature. In our next notices, we will furnish the prac tical apnlications of the foregoing facts, deduced I from a large number ol experiments made on * both sides ot the ocean,and which we hope may i prove useful to some of our readers. Rome Floyd county, Sept. 20,1831. Death of Col. B. F. Hunt.—We regret to State thai a private dispatch, received in this city, announced the death ot Col. Benjamin Faneoil Hunt, or* Wednesday, at l,is residence in the city of New Yor .;. Col. Hunt was born at Watertown, near Boston, Massachusetts, on the ’29th February, 1792. His lather was the des cendant of a clergyman, who was among the early emigrants to that State. His mother was a * aughter of Georg * Bethune, of Brighton, and Mary Faneuil, of the Huguenot family, one oi whom gave Faneuil Ha’l to Boston. Col. Hunt s father died in 1804, but his widowed mother, perceiving his talent, had him prepared tor col lege. In 1806, he entered Harvard University, where he graduated tour years afterwards in his twentieth year. Soon after he graduated, he migrated to this city, where he arrived on the first oi November, 1810. and devoted himself to *. the study of the law. He entered, as a student, i the law office of the late Keating Lewis Simons, I at that time, one of the most distinguished orna i ments of the legal profession in this city. After two years' study, he was admitted to the bar of Charleston, at a period when it was crowded with eminent practitioners. Gifted w ith high intellectual powers and a ready and powerful rhetoric, he at once took his place in the iron* rank of the profession, and as a jury lawyer was perhaps never surpassed at our bar. His prac tice was large and successful, and his professional ' triumphs generally, and especially in the defence of criminals in capita! cases, were multiplied and signal. His ability and eloquence as an advo cate soon gave him prominence in the field of polities, and be frequently served in the Legisla ’ tore of this State, as a representative from Charleston, and was always regarded as one of . tbe ablest and most influential debaters a the floor, of the House. About a year before his death , he removed hence to the city of New York, where closed his career inti.*.* 62d year ot hi? age.— Char Cour. S'h inst. The Mails—There will be dire to-day three miles irom New York, and two nom Boston. Baltimore, Philadelphia and Washington. We learn from Baltimore that a great stora. was raging on Monday, through the Western part of New York. On the Hudon it was terrific,and several boats were sunk. At Boston there was a tremendous gale on i Sunday night. Many vessels went ashore. The storm was very heavy Eastward. The I roads were completely blocked up.— JO - Dividend. : Central Railroad and Bank’g Co. op Ga., i Savannah, December.Sth, 1854. J I At a.meeting of tbe Board ot Directors, on this ; day, appointed by the by-laws for declaration oi i dividend, tbe following resolutions were tuiani i rnously passed: | The inability of tbe Board, in consequence of the embarrassments ot the times, to realize mo ney from the abundant assets i*t the company, even at a great sacrifice to re-place the earnings ol the road since the fire’ da} of June last, which earnings have necessarily been expended on the Railroad and in payment oi the Company’s bonds, and the Board having heretofore, at sun dry times, applied the surplus ot road earnings towards tbe improvement of the road, and the present annua! net income of the Company be ing half a million ot dollars on a capital of 53,- 500,000: Resolved, That in lieu and stead of a cash divi dend on the general stock ol the company, there i; now declared a dividend ot ten dollars per share of the general stock, payable in stock of the : company, at one hundred dollars per share, to be I issued on and after the fifteenth day of January I next, and charged to road. Resolved, That the holdeie of guaranteed stock be paid their regular semi-annual dividend ot four dollars per share, on and after the fifteenth instant, unless they shall preter (which they are at liberty to do until the Ifithot January next) to merge their stock into the general stock and relinquishing their December divider..: ~s guar anteed, to receive, in lieu ‘.hereof, the said stock dividend of ten dollars per share. Resolved, That in cases where such stock divi dend shall amount to a sum lower than one hun- I dred dollars, a*: : in cases w here utter issuing stock for d.r rd ids in shares of one hundred dol lars, there shall be a fractional part of a share re maining. ceitificates under the hand o! the Cash ier shall be issued shewing the amount due. which certificates shall, [until the first day of Jja uury next, 1855.) when presented in amounts os one hundred dollars, be received in payment of stock, to be issued at par; and when any lawlul holder of any eiich certificate shall, before the first day of June next, present the same and pay, in I cash, the difference between the amount spec!• Led in the certificate presented and one hundred dollars, such holder shall receive one share of stock. Al tocl issued under the present action, at any time belore the first day of June next, shall rank wiih the present general stock of the company and receive the next June and subse quent dividends. By order. Geokub A. Cuyi.br, Cashier. Pbnnsy vania Coal Trade.—Shipments of coal upon the Lehigh canal tor the week t riding with Saturday . . vere 35,769 tons, agair st 33,583 tons for the corresponding week ot last year—gain J,236 tons. Shipments for the season 1,207,694 tons, anainst 1.018,786 tons to the sam? time last y .-i; -increase 188,896 tons. The shipments on the Schuylkill Navigation tor the weekending Thursday were 24,605 tons [and for the season 897,978 tons, against 848,983 tons to the same time last year. The report of the week’s tonnage on the Reading Railroad Iras not been received. The season’s business by water communication is nearly over. With tho pre sent week it will probably cease. OLI» UKAN.VV ANU I’ORT WINK, ofjtho most superior quality. These wo rcoomuiond highly (or inodioiaal j urprsoa. r.:>v22 W M*. IL TUTT, Viuggist.
