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Russia Under Nicholas.
The last days of the Emperor Alexander
perhaps among the most anxious and
Us lile. Conspiracies bad been formed in K e
army which threatened the overthrow
government, and were aimed even at his pie.
day had been determined on for a geseral out
break, when the unexpected news arrived at St.
Petersburg that the Czar was dead. He had
undertaken a journey to the Crimea, but illness
compelled him to retrace his step*, and he died
on the 30th November, 1825, at Taganrog. As
soon as the intelligence of his death reached the
capital, the Grand Duke Nicholas presented him
self before the Senate in order to take the oath
of allegiance t« his brother Constantine, who
was then at Warsaw. A package which Alex
ander had left in charge of the Imperial Council,
endursed with an order in his own hand-writing
that it should be opened in case of his death, was,
meanwhile, unsealed by Prince Lapuchin and
found to contain three documents, viz., a writ
ten resignation of the right of su cession to the
Russian crown by Constantine, the acquiescence
of Alexander, and a decree, dated August 28,
1823, that Nicho'asshould be his successor. Con
stantine had written in his renunciation of the
crown: “As I know that I possess neither the
intelligence, talent or energy requisite for the
sovereign dignity which I am entitled to claim
by birth, I pray your Imperial Majesty to trans
fer it to the next in order after me, that the sta
bility of the kingdom may be secured.” Nicholas,
nevertheless, refused to accept the crown until
his brother should again give up bis claim to it;
and the Senate, the Imperial Council and the
holy Synod took the accustomed oaths of fidelity
to Constantine, until his will should be known.
On the 13th of December, the reiteration of his
determination, confirming the decree of Alexan
der, was received from Warsaw, arid eleven days
afterwards, the Grand Duke Nicholas became
the first Emperor of that name.
The reign of Nicholas was inaugurated by the
most dangerous conspiracy with which the Rus
sian throne has been threatened curing the pre
sent century. The elements of disorder, which
had been gathering to a head during the last
weeks of Alexander’s life, found a vent, two
days after the accession of the new Autocrat.
On the 26th of December, when the oofh of al
legiance was administered to the army, several
regiments lushed from their barracks to the
Senate House, crying “Hurrah for Constantine”;
the tumult rapidly spread among the people,
who were persuaded by the revolutionists that
Constantine had been cheated out of his rights;
and, but for the moral courage and cool determi
nation of Nicholas, the first week of his ru'e
would have been also the last. The faithfulness
of his Finnish troops, and the timely use of ar
tillery, in a few hours restored order in St Peters
burg; but the revolution had also broken out in
’the southern and western army ot the Empire,
and it was not until the insurgents had risked a
battle that the revolt was effectually suppressed.
Rigorous investigation was then made as to its
authors, and at the end of five months one hun
dred arid twenty persons were accused of parti
cipation in it, and most of them were condemned
to the severest punishments. Os these five were
hanged, and although the Emperor affected cle
mency towards the remainder, no one was in
reality ever forgiven by him who was known to
have favored that insurrection. Not only the
soldiers engaged in it. but even the regiments to
which they belonged remain to the present hour
affected by the disgrace consequent upon the im
placable hatred of the Imperial despot.
Nicholas was crowned at Moscow, on the 3d
September, 1826, the Grand Duke Constantine
taking part in the ceremonies, and contributing
all in his power to the popularity of his brother.
At the very moment of the coronation festivities,
territ- rial jewels were being added by Count
Paskiewitch to the Imperial d adem The son
of the Scbah of Persia, who had suddenly invad
ed Georgia, was driven from that province, and
bythepeaceof Turkmantschai, concluded the
next yeur, the Czar gained, besides an indemni
fication of sixteen millions of dollars, the pro
vinces of Eriwan and Nachitschiwan.
England had already sent the Duke of Wel
lington to Russia, in order to prevent young tiie
Czar irom making the terrible condict which
was then raging between Greece and Tuikey,
the pretext ol a religious crusade; and at this
early period Nicholas demanded that s h.“ Wes
tern [towers should expressly obligate themselves
to take under their projection, with energy
and decision, the interests oi Christianity in the
East. He declared, however, that he would
never permit the slightest interlerence of any
ip-v ,-ompr ..-itb J(h * affairs ;•£. the Rii»«uui.
Empire itsell. The celebrated treaty between
Eng'and, France and Russia, winch was lollow
ed by the battle of Navbrino, was concluded on
the 6th of July, 1827, and, under the auspices ol
the three powers. Greece became a kingdom
The Czar, soon alter, in consequence of the non
fulfilment by the Sublime Porte ot the conditions
of the treaty affecting l,is own interests, com
menced the celebrated war which terminated
with the treaty of Adrianople, concluded on the
2d September, 1829. Paskiewith had conquered
Asia to Erzeroum. and Diebitch, at Adrianople,
thieatened the Turki-h capital By the treaty,
the Czar restored the Principalities, between the
Danube and Pruth, to Turkey, but retained the
control over the mouths of the Dai übe, and
caused the Asiatic boundary to be so regulated
that the Caucasian tribes became isolated, and
their future conquest by Russia apparently secur
ed.
The years 1830 and 1831 were two of the
most eventful iu the reign of Nicholas ; the at
tention of the civilized world being attracted to
the Western portion of his Empire, and univer
sal sympathy aroused for the most unlortunaie
and oppressed ot people. The Polish parliament
assembled on the 28th of May, 1830, and it was
evident from its first proceedings, that resistance
was intended against the tyranny which had
oppressed the Kingdom. Every precaution
against outbreak was tgken by the Russian Gov
eminent; but, on the 29th ol November, revo
lution began at Warsaw. The Grand Duke
Constantine had scarce time to escape with ms
lif# For some time,success attended the efforts
of the Poles, and had unity been preserved
among their leaders, it is not altogether impossi
ble that the result of the revolution might have
been more favorable. The victories ol Prague,
Wawel, Grochow and Ostrolenka,over Diebitsch
a well as the Grand Duke Constantine,
holerain June, 1831,J where, however,
by the siege of Waisaw, by Piince
itch, on the 6th and 7th of September,
sntire subjugation of the Kingdom. Now
■came the days of terror and misery for poor
Poland, and as long as the name of Nicholas
shall be known, the diabolical cruelty which he
authorized against the conquered patriots will
exci.e bo.ror and disgust in the hears ol men.
Not to speak of the multitudes who were sent
out to Siberia, the dull sound ot the knout was,
week after week, heard upon the bodies of those
who refused to take the oath of allegiance, and
hundreds perished by this punishment w ithin
a lew miles of the palace where Nicholas resid
ed, and yet he never gave a sign ol mercy. The
groans of those who perished, alter the Revolu
tion in Poland, were stifled as carelully as pos
sible by the Russian Government; but enough
transpired for the world to know that the history
of those days, if truly w ritten, would form one
of the bloodiest and most harrowing pages in
the history of the human race.
Alter the conquest ot Poland, Nicholas began
to throw aside the mask with regard to the
purposes he had long cherished against Turkey,
and assumed towards the Sultan the tone of a
liege lord to his vassal. With the exception ot
the strife in the Caucasus, Russia enjoyed peace,
and full leisure was given to the Court of St.
Petersburg to plan the “road to Constantinople”
for which Catharine 11. boasted she had prepar
ed the way. During the period, from the treaty
of Unkiar-Skelessi, concluded ou the Bth ol July,
1834, by which the Russians gained Anapa and
the keys to the Caucasian mountains, until 1848,
strenuous efforts were alto made by Nicholas for
the social amelioration of his people, for the
consolidation of the Empire, to procure uni'y oi
religion throughout Russia,and to establish crim
nal and civil legislation upon a higher and more
just basis. Railroads wete built, telegiaph lines
extended edicts concerning agriculture and lor
the benefit of the serfs were issued, commerce
was encouraged, and the genera! welfare of the
Empire industriously cared for : but the cream
of Southern conquest was never lost sight ot,
and all the artsot diplomacy were used tu pave
the way for the acquisition of Turkey, without
kniolestat:or. from the Western powers. The
journey of the Emperor to England, in 1844, is
to have had this purpose for its end.
Bn IS4S, the French revolution threw Europe
ii*» convulsions. When the news of the fall of
I-4is Philippe reached the Czar, |he exclaimed
officers of his Guard who were present:
P xP* emen ’ pre P are to mount your horses.” He
alreAiy foresaw that Russian interference would
probably be required to quell the disorders whlfc.
we* arising in neighboring kingdoms. Even in
RuAja a revolutionary plot was discovered, for
participation in which twenty-seven conspira
t°r* condemned to death by a military
commisAnp. Their sentence was commuted to
punishmenVcerhaps still more cruel. The first
event which paused the intervention of Nicho
las against thVprogrees of revolution outside of
his own territo«Tr was the outbreak in Bucharest,
which he claimed the right to put down as Pro
tector of the Principalities. Soon after, be was
called upon by Austria, to assist in suppressing
the revolution in Hungary, the continuance of
which would have endangered the peace of Po
land, and which the Czar, therefore, had viewed
with anxiety and alarm. Prince Paskiewitch
marched from Eriwan into Hungary, commenced
operations in concert with the Austrian army,
and the result was the surrender bv Goergey to
General Rudiger, on the 15th August, 1849, by
which the integrity of the Austrian Empire was
once more established.
After the close of the Hungarian Revolution
no marked external events characterized the
history of Russ a, with the exception of increas
ed efforts to subdue the mountainous tribes of
the Caucasus, until, in 1852, the
arose with regard to the Holy Places, between
the Porte and Christian Powers. Such a mis
understanding had been loDg foreseen by the
Czar, and his own course of policy fully deter
mined on. The mission of Prince Menschikoff
in March. 1853, followed by the invasion of the
Principalities during the summer ol that year,
was no sudden or hasty movement of imperial
passi' n, but part of a plan which had been ma
tured for years in the mind of Nicholas. It is
not probable, however, that he anticipated the
strile with the rest ot Europe in which his em
pire is involved; least of alt did he look for the
obstacles he has met with from the side of Eng
land and Austria The past of that conflict is
well known; what its future will be, and how
far it may be modified by the changed relations
which the death ot Nicholas will create, is hid
den for the present by an impenetrable veil. The
ambition of the one man who has so recently
and suddenly passed from the world, has conjur
ed a storm over Europe, the desolating effects of
which have been felt by four nations,and which
threatens to be a prolific cause of disaster to the
civilized world. The peaceful progress of his
own States has been interrupted ; the agricultur
al districts of his empire have been draineo of
laborers; its commerce has been annihilated;
disaffection has grown up among his subjects;
and his own death may have been caused by
conspirators, who resorted to assassination, as a
desperate remedy against a suicidal national po
licy. The present war has brought with it de
plorable disasters to the Allied Powers; but
they are smali compared with the evils which
have resulted to Russia herself, and in all prob
ability, it cannot close, whether now or at some
future period, without conditions involving her
humiliation and the destruction of the hopes
with which it originated.
Southern Railroad Convention at Augusta.
We mentioned a few days ago, that an im
portant Railroad Convention had been heid at
Augusta, at which a new schedule between
Washington and Montgomery, to go into effect
in July, was adopted, and a resolution agreed to,
d scontinuing the Express business over the
roads represented. A pamphlet, containing the
proceedings of the Convention, has been laid on
our table by R. R. Cuvier, Esq., the President
of the Convention, from which we gather the
following facts:
The roads represented at the meeting are the
Richmond, Fredericks! urg and Potomac Road,
the Richmond and Petersburg, the Wilmington
and Raleigh, the Wilmington and Manchester,
the King’s Mountain, the South Carolina, the
Georgia and La Grange Roads, the Waynesboro’,
(he Central, the Macon ar.d Western, the South
western, 4he Muscogee ann the Montgomery
and West Point Road.
The existing rate of fare of $15.50 from Wil
mington to New York, and s2l 50 from Wil
mington to Montgomery, were re-affirmed.—
Messrs. Pollard and Jones, of the Montgomery
and West Point Road, were requested to use
their best endeavors to obtain a reduction of the
fares between Montgomery and New Orleans,
so as to make the rate from New York to New
Orleans just SSO.
It was also decided to appoint one efficient
agent at New Orleans, at a reasonable compen
sation, to be paid by all the roads interested in
the through ticket, from Montgomery to Wil
mington, in proportion to the amount respective
ly received by them, and that no other agent or
drummer be employed by the companies south
of Kingsville. Baggage will be checked be
tween Montgomery and Augusta, and between
Augusta and Weldon.
.It was resolved unanimously, that the system
of private Expresses which at present prevails
on the various railroad lines, is injurious to the
interests of the companies, depriving them of
the emoluments of a large and profitable portion
of their business; and the companies present
agreed to recommend to the respective boards
not to enter into any new contracts, or extend
existing ones beyond the first day of March,
next.
It was further determined, that the companies
represented, will be responsible only for through
baggage, consistingof ordinary wearing apparel,
not exceeding SIOO in value, for each first class
ticket, and half that sum for each second class
ticket, and that the baggage ot each first class
passenger shall not exceed in weight 123 lbs.
and that of each second class passenger 50 lbs.
The charge on extra baggage will be one cent
per 100 lbs. per mile.
_ Schedules for double daily mail service be
tween New York and Montgomery, and single
daily service between Montgomery and New
Orleans, were adopted. The Northern mail for
Savannah will arrive at Miller, at 7 45 a. m.
and at 830 p. m. The hour of its arrival here
is not giver., but we presume it will be deliver
ed as soon as possible after it reaches Millen.—
The New Orleans mail will arrive at Millen at
4.30 p. m. and 5.15 a. m.
The Convention adopted a resolution declar
ing itself a permanent organization, to be known
as “The Southern Railroad Association,” its
objects being to promote the interests of South
ern Railroads, and its members are to consist of
the Presidents and Superintendents of the same.
The next regular meeting will be held in Au
gusta, the 2d Wednesday in December next.
Spring—Frost—Crops, &c.— -But to descend
to plain prose, we were visited on Sunday night
with heavy and we fear destructive white frost.
The peach, plum, and cherry trees, were, many
of them, in full bloom, and we fear that they
are seriously damaged. The " cold snap” was
preceeded by two days of most refreshing and
greatly needed rain, but the sun is once more
beaming upon us, and the weather is again
pleasant, though colder than it was before the
rain.
With proper seasons, we learn that planters in
this region anticipate large crops, the coming
season. Never were lands in better condition
for cultivation, owing to the frequent and
thorough freezes of the past winter, and the en
tire absence of heavy, beating rains An old resi
dent and experienced farmer told us, a few days
since, that he had never known better prospects
for large and remunerative yields to the agricul
turist We sincerely' trust that they will not be
disappointed in these “reasonable expectations,”
and that abundant harvests will crown their ef
forts.—Charleston Standard.
The Locust in the South.
To the Editor of the Baltimore Patriot: —Besides
the seventeen year Locusts, Cicada Se/ilcmdecim ,
already announced in the Patriot to appear this
Spring in Massachusetts, Eastern Shore of Mary
land, from Baltimore to Carlisle, Pa., a portion
oi Kentucky, and a portion of Western Virginia,
there wilt be several extensive districts of the
Southern family of Locusts that will appear this
Spring. These Southern Locusts only require
thirteen years to complete their existence, and
their name, I suppose should be Cicada Tredecim-
I have on my Register the location and dates of
ten districts of this family, some of them very
large and one or two very small. The districts
that will be occupied this year by them, areas
follows:
South Carolina—Chester and adjoining dis
tricts, extending into North Carolina.
Georgia—in Newton, Cobb, Coweta, Carroll,
Heard. Merriweather, Campbell, Fayette, De
Kalb, Gwinnetfe, and Murray counties.
Alabama—in Greene, Sumptei, and Marengo
counties.
Louisiana—in Union, Caddo, Claiborne and
Washita parishes.
Mississippi—about Jackson, and probably all
adjoining parts of the State.
Arkansas—in Union, Lafayette, Hempstead
and Saline counties.
Tennessee—from Nashville to the Mississippi
river, and extending into a portion of South
Western Kentucky, probably as far up as Louis
ville.
In the extreme South the insects begin to ap
pear about the sth of April, and some may ap
pear Ist of that month. Their appearance is
later and later as we come North, about a week
for every hundred miles, until the most Northern
will appear from the Ist to the 10th of May. I
should be very glad if persons in the South where
the locusts appear this year would inform me of
the fact, stating the exact time of their first ap
pearance, and the counties occupied by them.
There is no difference whatever between the
Southern locusts and the Northern insects, ex
cept in the time occupied by them in completing
their existence.
The districts of the Northern locusts|extend far
into tne territory of the Southern in many places;
and so do those of the South extend far up into
the Northern territory, interlocking and lapping
over each other sometimes for more than a hun
dred miles. This has caused great confusion in
tracing out the true history of the insects, and
the family and districts to which each visitation
be'onged. North Carolina, Tennessee and Ar
kansas appear to be the middle ground between
the two laige families, and nearly the whole ol
those States are occupied alternately by the
Northern and the Southern insects, interlocking
each other, &c.
Yours, Gideon B. Smith.
Rains of Ancient Cities in America.
Extraordinary Discoveries in the Country of the
Navijoes—Another Petra—Strange Fashion of
Building, etc., etc.
On the 17th of October last, a party of twelve
Mormons and one Indian,headed by W. D. Hun
tington left Manti, one ol the most southern set
tlements in Utah Territory, by request of Gov
ernor Young, to explore the southern part of the
territory, of which nothing is known, and if
possible open a tiade with the Navajoes, who
dwell in that quarter, (or sheep, goat and horses,
of which it is known they have an abundance.
I bey have, besides, considerable skill in man
ufactures, and make all their blankets, leather,
bridle-bits, &c., many of which are executed
with most curious workmanship. They also
work iron, gold and silver into a multitude ot
forms, and articles for the warrior, husbandman
and tradesman. The party returned to the Mor
mon settlement on the 21st of December last,
having on their trip made some most remarkable
discoveries. They found, in fact, the ruins of a
city built in the rocks, very similar to the far
famed Petra in the Eastern Desert, and even
surpassing it in the extent. From Mr. Huffting
ton’s account, furnished the Desert News we
take the following highly interesting particu
lars.
On the 17th we left Marti with our full fit-out
o! men ar.d animals, and with five wagons. We
never felt more gloomy and doubtful, or under
took what appeared to us a more hazardous work
during at; experience ot twenty years in this
church. A wild, mountainous and dreary deseit
hiterto almost entirely unknown lay hetbre us,
and what was still nr?re formidable, Indian
Walker and h,s allies had decreed that we never
should pass, and with twenty Spaniards had
posted themselves on our route, and their rally
Slacks I.- r •.' : Vie,.. S.itl WC JRU V 'U- */.y~
resolved tc go ahead, and our enemies tied tc,ore
we reached iheir position, the Spaniards their
way and Walker his, leaving our path perfectly
open. In this and many other instances., in our
tour, we pubk-kly acknowledged our wonder
tul protection and deliverance by the hand and
power of God.
We followed Gunnison’s trail to within 23
miles of Grand River, which, according to our
calculation, is 350 miles Irom Great Salt Lake
City. 1 his road, so tar was a tolerably good one,
hot the country has little or no wood, grass or
water. There is a beautiful valley on Grand
river, twenty miles long, and from five to ten
miles wide. It has (good soil and grazing
range, is very well timbered and watered,
and is about fifty miles from Eik Moua
tain. From here we travelled 110 miles to St.
John’s river,* over a very rough ajad mountain
ous region, difficult to pass over even with pack
animals, being covered with dense forests of ce
dar. It is forty miles from St. John’s river to
the nearest Navajo town.
RECEPTION BY THE NAVA JOES—-CANNIBALISM.
The Navajoes met us with very hostile feel
ings, as they are at war with the whites, and
three days before we arrived, had killed, boiled
and eaten, a white man, so great was their ex
asperation. Bv the persuation of two friendly
Indians with us—our guide and interpreter—
they listened to an explanation of our business.
We were finally enabled to form a treaty, and
did some trading with them, while they were
doing some tall stealing irom us. They were
highly excited, but the chiefs were more cool,
appeared quite lriendly, and wished us to come
again and trade. Trade is the best letter of in
troduction a white man can take among Indi
ans. Their great Captain wished us not to go
among their towns and villages, as there were
some that could not be controlled, and be did
not want to fight us. He said we had come a
very great way, and he wished us well, and
sent to his town end brought out an abundance
of corn, meal, flour, bread, beans, dried pump
kin, dried squashed, pinenuts, with sheep and
at meat of the finest quality, to fit us out for
journey home.
FIRST DISCOVERT OF RUINS.
On the north side of the St. John’s river, and
about five hundred miles southeast from Great
Salt Lake City, we travelled ove. a section of
country mo tly among the mountains, and about
foity miles ir. width, covered with the ruins of
former towns and villages. The walls of many
buildings are still standing entire, seme of them
three or four stories high, witii the ends of the
red cedar joists yet in toe wall, some projecting
eight or ten inches, but worn to a poiutat their
extremities. Every building was a fortification
built in the strongest manner imagina
ble and in a style that the present age knew
nothing of; many of them still plainly show
the whole manner of structure and even the
marks of the workman’s tools. The first ruins
we discovered were three stone buildings, crum
bled to mere heaps. Oue appeared to have been
a pottery, for in ar.d around it were loaJs oi
tragments of crockery of fine quality ornament
ed with a great variety of figures painted with
variois colois as bright as if put on but yester
day.
* Si. John's River, called by the Spaniards and
VDown on the maps as San Juan River. It takes
its rise in the mountains on the west side of the
Rio Grando nearly opposite Taos, and running
aimest due west, empties into Grand River, just
adiove the point where Grand River and Green
Rivor unite and lorm the Colorado. The San
■Juun passes through a country which has been
rarely trodden by the white man, and of whieh
nothing is known. Its junction with Grand River
is in about the latitude of Monterey
A FORTIFIED CITY.
* | 3erc we traveled ten miles, with ncca
sicryi ruins by the way, and entered a deep can*
on, projecting shelves of rock, and under these
sheNes were numerous bouses or fortifications.
The one we examined was divided into twenty
four rooms, each nearly square, and enclosing an
area of about 144 square feet. The front wall
was built up to the over-hanging cliff, which
formed toe roof, and was curved and full of port
holes The stones were all squared and faced,
were of an equal thickness, and laid up with
joints broken in a workmanlike manner. The
only entrance we could find was a hole about
two feet square, and eighteen inches from the
ground, which is the usual size of all the doors,
both in the outer and partition walls, with the
exception of Borne subterranean entrances, which
were yet smaller and difficult to find. Through
the perfection of the rocky roof, there was very
little rubbish in the rooms. From the first room
we passed through a small hole in the right-hand
corner to the second, and there through another
hole into the third, and so on, from left room to
right and right to left, all through the twenty
tour rooms, and every wall was supplied with
port-holes.
Fifty yards above this was a large cave with
a narrow winding entrance, guarded by a high
wall; near the mouth of this entrance is an
opening in the rock, leading off into the moun
tain, which we did not explore, and after a little
looking and rumaging about, we lound an out
let to the cave. For three or four miles up this
canon, buildings were everywhere in view, of
various forms and dimensions, and in almost
every stage of decay.
From here to St. John’s river, a distance of
ten miles, there were scattering ruins; and from
there, in twelve miles northeast, we came to the
head of a canon, whose sides of banks, even to
the very head, were perpendicular and shelving,
and near the banks there was no soil on' the
rocks. Right on the brink of this precipice, and
under the shelves of rock beneath, were the best
building sites for those beings who built and
dwelt here ages ago.
ANOTHER STRONGHOLD.
All around the head of this canon, and down
on either side, as far as we could see, were
booses of every conceivable form and size, and
in p'aces where the soil was sufficient, they
Wttri overgrown with sage and cedars, in eve
ry respect like that on the mountain.' around.
In the centre of this canon, and near the head
Wta building sixteen or twenty feet square,
four stories high, and.built upon a flat rock about
four feet higher than the level of the bed of the
canon, and but little broader than the building;
to this we could not find an entrance, and, un
like all the rest, it had no portholes. One lar
ger building, which we entered, stood on the
edge ot the precipice, with its front wall circu
lar and flush with the bank, which formed the
back part, making the ground plan of the build
ing, like a half moon. There were no windows
in the lower story of any building, and every
entrance was made as difficult and hidden as
possible. The door, or hale into the one last
mentioned, was guarded by two or three walls
of different angles; thus making a crooked, nar
row passage to the door, and every part of this
passage was in full view from the port holes of
as the building, the front wall being full ot them
like pigeon holes, pointing in every possible di
rection ; they were not more than two inches
in diameter on the outside, and were plastered
smooth on the inside with a kind of cement,
with which the stones are laid, and the rooms
plastered, and is as hard as stone.
The inside arrangement of all the houses was
much alike, all having port holes in the parti
tion walls, and very small and obscure passage
ways from one room to another, and from one
or two houses to the mountain. Some on the
cliffs above were connected with those below.
WHO DWELT THERE?
We noticed there was no water about there,and
i inquired of the Indians how the lormer inhahit
| ants could have managed? They told us that they
' had heard that a very long time ago there was
; wafer running there. We asked them who built
j those houses? They smilingly shook their heads
j end said that they had never heard, but that
; sure somebody must have built them a very long
] time back.
We very readily came to a conclusion drawn
; (rom the Book of Mormon, in the second chapter
1 of the book of Nephi, that the ancient possessors
| of the strongholds were rotbers of the Gadian
ton Band and we considered this locality as one
| of their very strongholds.
LAs matter of curiosity, we givt. the passage
,-"«r tb" Book of Mormon, which too writer re
‘fctt'uk as conc'usive oi the identuy won
ders he saw :]
“ And it came to pass in the latter end of the
eighteenth year, those armies of robbers had pre
pared for battle, and began to come down and to
sally forth from the hills and out of tbe moun
tains and the wilderness, and from their strong
holds and their secret places, and began to take
possesion of the lands, both which was in the
land south and which was in the land north,
and began to take possession of all the lands
which had been deserted by the Nepbites, and
the cities which had been left desolate.”
COMMERCIAL-
Augusta Market, March 2d.
COTTON.—Since our last review the market,
under the influence of the advices of the death of
the Csar, and the consequent hope of a speedy
termination of the war in Europe (whieh has now
so long depressed tho value of Cotton) has been not
only well sustained, but a gradual advance has
been realised, and prices now stand ia higher than
last week. The Atlantic’s accounts, now over due,
are looked for with much interest, and confidence
is strong, that the same cause which has operatod
to send up the price of Cotton in this country, will
hare produced a corresponding effect in Livorpool.
We quote:
Inferior none.
Ordinary to Good Ordinary, 7ja 7J
Low to Strict Middling 8 a 8£
Good Middling, 82a
Middling Fair, 9 a—
Fair 92 a—
BACON.—Wc quote Hams 9$ to ll£c.; Should
ers 8 a 8j; Clear Sides 92 a 10; Ribbod Sides 92 a
92 ; hog round 9 a 92c.
BAGGING—There is but littlo domand for this
article, and prices arc lower. By the bale or up
wards, Gunny can be purchased at 13 cents, cash—
retailing from stores at 14 cents cash by the bolt,
and 15 cents on time.
BUTTER.—There is a fair supply of Goshen on
hand which is selling at 30 cents for a choice arti
cle. Country is worth 15 a2O conts. according to
quality.
CORN—The stock is reducing, and the domand
light, but prices are well sustained.
COFFEE.—Tho stock is light, and the market
advancing. Prices arc ranging from 112 to 12jc,
according to quality.
FLOUR—The stock is on the increase and prices
are some lower. We quote 92 to lOJ for Country,
and 111 a 12J per bbl. for Extra Family.
MOLASSES.—The stock of Cuba is 3mall, and
nohe to arrive soon.
POTATOES—The demand is light and thostock
small Sales have been made from §52 to ss.
ROPE.—The demand is falling off—supply on
hand good. Kentucky is soiling at prices ranging
trom 10J to 12i cents, according to time, quality,
quantity and size—principally at 111 a 12 by re
tail.
SALT.—We have heard of no wholesale trans
actions this week. Demand modorato. Wo quote
from stores $1.50 a $1 55 cash and $1.60 a 1.65 on
oredit.
SUGARS.—Fair stock oa hand, and prices rule
for a fair article of New Orleans at 0 to cents,
and for Clarified 8 a 9 cents —our first quotations
are cask prices.
IKTSURANJOE BAIVKL
Statement of the Augusta Insurance & Banking Company, February 19. 1855
LIABILITIES.
Capital Stock .......... ' ygyr~.c*a- .
Circulation
Dividends Unpaid 13 000
*,,|S!«
r Total Liabilities , - $534,996 43
Notes Discounted and Bills Receivable ~ *143 279 T 5
Bills and Notes lying over ] .! .!!!! 4 411 30
Stocks owned by the Bank au nni on
Real Estate.... 3 4 3 3 sj ”
Protest Account ' 2 20 00
Profit and Loss... 75,153 23
Bills on New York 14 879 it
Insurance Dues '' ‘ 7 330 23
Due by Banks and Agents i. 1*179,277 4(<
Specie. 10’,153 38
Notes of other Banks 9,437 00
Total Assets. *534.996 48
mmmm[ 1 i • ■= : ~ ~
Df RECTORS*
W. M. D’Antisnac, Preadent.
H. Bowdre, | James Hose,
John Kerr, | L. Hopkins.
STATE OF GEOR6IA, RICHMOND COUNTY- : '
Personally appeared before me, the President and Cashier of the Augusta Insurance A Banking
Company, who being duly sworn, oertify that the above s - tement is oorreot, unsettled acoounts and
claims excepted. WM. M. D’ANTIONAC, President.
ROBERT WALTON, Cashier.
Sworn to bofore me, this 23d day of March, 1855, )
Geo. W. Summers, Notary Public. J
LIST OF STOCKHOLDERS IN THE AUGUSTA INSURANCE 3c lIANKING CO?"
names. shares.
Averell, Edward 10
Alexander, A. L 75
Bones, T. A 9 J
Bowdre, H 20
Bale, J 95J
Bryson, Mrs. Eliza and children 7}
Byrd, Wilson 7}
Bulkley, J. R 30
Columbia County Academy 3J
Cress, Louis 50
Campbell, Estate J 201
Camptefl, James W 72
Campbell, James 105
Campbell, Robert 13
Clarke, R. C 3
Casey, T. G 183
Cumrning. Estate Mrs. Ann 26 j
Camming, Miss Sarah I GJ
Gumming, Wm. Trustee S. C 43}
Cumming, H. H , Trustee J. H. C 24 3
Cumming, W. and others, Trustee H. H.C. 24i
Cumming,'H. H., Trustee Mrs. Smith.... 24J
Cumming. H. H. and A. J. Miller 232}
Crawford, C. A 37}
Deupree, L. J 100
D’Antignac, W. M 210
Dugas, L. A 48}
Freeman, Est. T. W 43
Gould, W. T. Trustee 40
Hubert, J. Estate 7}
Henkell, Edward 100
Henkell, Edward Trustee 56
Hamilton, T. N 175
Hope, James 20
Hamilton, J. F 100
Hope, John 45
Henry, I. Cashier 653
Harper, J. & W. Attorneys 17 1
Haitridge, Julien Trustee 7}
Jackson E Q 5
WHEAT.—There is nono in market, and our ,
quotations can readily be had, vis: for White $1.75
a $2 per bushel, and good Red $1 50-
LARD-—Good scarce and in demand at 11 j to
12 cents.
FEATHERS.—This artiole is dull and we quote
at 35 a 37c.
EXCHANGE.—We have no change to notice in !
rates. Our Banks continue to cheok on New York
and other Northern cities at sight at i perct. prom
FREIGHTS. —Tho River is now in fine boat-I
ing condition, and will no doubt remain so for
some weeks to come. Wc continue to quote the j
rate to Savannah by boats, 40 conts per bale; per j
railroad 62J. To Charleston per railroad $1 per j
halo. -..Ai
NEW SPRING GOODS.
AY 71LLIAM MIKA It has received from. New I
VV York, a beautiful supply of
SPRUNG GOODS,
embracing a gen ral assortment of Fancy aad Sta
plo articles, suitable for tho presort season, among 1
which arc
Rich Fi enoh Printed Organdies, and Printed Jaco- >
nets, for Ladies’ Dresses;
Fancy Barege and Grenadine Flounced Robes, of
olegant styles;
Ladies’ Summer Dress Silks and Fancy Bareges;
French and English Briiliantes and English and
American Prints;
Sup’r Fancy andMourningginghams and Printed
Lawns;
Superior Brown and Black Mixed Deßege, for La
dies’ Travelling Dresses;
Extra Black Alpaca and Lupin’s best Bl’kChailey;
English Black Crapes, of extra quality, for Ladies’
Y eil and Trimmings ;
Ladies’ Wide Hem-stitch Frenoh Lawn and Em
broidered Handkerchiefs, of new and beautiful
styles, some of extra site ;
Gentlemen’s Linen Cambric Handkerchiefs, with
Colored Borders;
Superior Linen Cambrics and French Lawns;
Long Lawns and Bird’s Eye Diapers, of extra qual
ity ;
Superior 4-4 Irish Linens and Table Diapers;
Superior 45 inch Pillow Case Linens and 12-4 Lin
en Sheetings;
Superior Huckabacks and Creguelas, for Towels ;
Allendalo, Lancaster and Marseilles Quilts, of ex
tra size and quality;
Extra Whito Silk Warp and Gauze Flannels;
Black Silk Galloons and Coat Bindings, of the best
quality;
White, Fancy Striped and Cheek Muslins, of beau
tiful styles for Ladies’ Dresses;
Superior White Cambrics, Jaconets and Nainsook
Muslins ;
Plain Swiss, Tarletanes, 16 4 Paris Muslins, for
Ladies’ Evening Dresses;
Swiss and Cambric Hair Cord Muslins, of extra
quality;
Black Sewed Lace, for Ladies Veils;
With a groat variety of other articles, suitable for
the present season, and to all of which the atten
tion of tho public i respectfully invited.
mh27 dfAc
LADIES SUMMER MANTILLAS.
William sIIKAK has just received from
New York, a supply of
Ladies’ Black Silk. Spring and Summer Mantillas,
of new and elegant styles;
Ladies’ White and Colored Silk Mantillas ;
Ladies’Bl’k Grenadine and Crape Mourning Man
tillas, of beautiful styles.
The public aro respectfully invited to call and
examino the assortment. mh27
ENGLISH HOSIERY.
WILLIAM SHEAR has received from Now
York, a splendid assortment of Hosiery,
comprising
Ladies’ Plain White and Black English Hose, very
elastic, of tho best shape and make ;
Hose of the best make, and some at very low prices;
Ladies’ Ope- Work White and Unbleached English
Cotton Hose;
Ladies’ While and Black English Silk Hose ;
Misses' and Children's White and Fancy Cotton do ,
a complete assortment;
Youth’saDd Children’s F'cy, White and Unbleach
ed Cotton Socks, a very largo supply ;
Gdhtlcmcn’s Fancy and Unbleached Cotton Half
Hose, of the best make and very clastic ;
Alexander’s Ladies’ and Geatlemen’s Kid and Silk
Gloves, a beautiful assortment;
Gentlemen’s Ladies’, Mis-os’. Youth’s and Chil
dren’s Lisle Thread Gloves;
Ladies’and Gentlemen’s Fawn and Kid Gauntlet
Gloves, a large supply ;
Ladies’ and Misses’ Long and Half Hand Black
Lace Mitts, with and without Half Fingors, a
beautiful assortment;
Ladies’ Merino and Silk Game Vests, a superior
artielo.
The Hosiery is thesamo style which has hereto
fore aivon such genoral satislaction, is remarkably
elastic, and of tho best shape and make. Tho pub
li * aro respectfully invited to call and exam me the
assortment. dt<ic mh27
LE AIV A VI4 KICAN SI*<»RTS.VI A.\.— An
other supply received by
mhl4 TUO3. RICHARDS A SON.
NAMES. shares.
Kerr, John ioo
Kerr, S. E., Trustee 33f
Kerr, Samuel *0
Longstieet, Miss H 3
Mealing, Est. of H 18}
Moore, Est. of Mrs. Fanny IS
Moore, Mary J 10
Moore, J. B 10
Moore, Richard T 10
Moore, J. W 13
Moore, Mrs. Eliza 10
Martin, W. M., Trustee 50
Martin, Miss Lucy S 10
Nesbitt, Thos 37}
Pope, Alex 50 J
Potter, James 28}
Potter, Jas., Trustee 9
Pressley, Mrs. Jane 13
Parrott, George 30
Poe, Robt. F., Trustee 24 j
Roberts, W. S 7$
Smith, Horace 112}
S . Andrews Society 7}
Shannon, James 753
Summers, Geo. W 34^
Schley, Mrs. Sophia 53}
Starnes, Ebenezer, Trustee 37|
Schley, George, guardian 55|
Stovall & Simmons 301
Turpin, W. H 138 1
Tubman. Mrs. E. H 75
Wright, D. R 93
Waters, C. A., Trustee 75
Webster, Hosea 18|
Walton, W. A., Trustee 10
Walton, R., Cashier 372}
! Wilson Miss C. E 16}
Wood, Cary 60
Number of Shares 3 750
Invalids recovering from tbe ctfeots
of Fever, Bilious Diseases, or long con
tinued illness of any kind, will find Carter's t-panisk
Mixture the only remedy which will revive their
drooping constitutions, expo! all bad humors from
the blood, excite the liver to a prompt and healthy
action, and by its tonic properties, restore th< pa
tient to life and vigor.
We can only say try it. A single bottlo is worth
all the to-called Sarsaparillasin existence. In con
tains no Mercury, Opium, or any othor noxious or
poisonous drug, and can bo given to the youngest
infant without hesitation.
See the certificates of wonderful cure, around
the bottle. More than fivo h'undrod persons in the
eity of Richmond, Va , can testify 1 1 its good ef
fect*. See advertisement. lm fel>2B
if you are sick, the probability isthat
root of your suffering is in the
JBBBt From a weak stomach preened dyspep
sia, languor, oppression in the diaphr fg;r, jaun
dice, headache, nausea, bodily weakness, dimness
of sight heartburn, costiveness, dysortery, and a
legion of other tormenting diseases Indigestion
produce:; ‘hit blood and tihereforaLdostrova the
strength and vigor of the sysSSL i, “•
tone of the stomach and enable it to thr< w off
and dismiss forever all those tormenting and dan
gerous complaints, nothing is necessary but a per
severing use of Hooflund’s German Bitters, pre
pared by Dr. C. M. Jackson, Philadelphia There
is no mistake, no failure in their sanative effect.
mhlfi 12 ___
BANK ROBBERY.—SIOOO REWARD.”
ON the morning of tha 21st of March, 1865, the
Branch Bank at Washington, of the Bank of
the State of Georgia was robbed of $15,226 in bills
payable at this place.
For the apprehension of the robber, with proof
to convict him, a reward of sfoo. or for such ap
prehension and proof, and recovery of the money,
a reward of SIOOO will be paid, and a proportion
ate amount for the recovery of any portion of the
aamo.
Bank of the State of Georgia, Branch at Wash
ington. SAM’L BARNETT, Frosid’t.
mh24 d&ctf
ADMINISTRATOR’S SALE.
BY VIRTUE of an order from tho honorable
the Court of Ordinary of Columbia county,
will be sold, before the Court House door in Blake
ley, Early county, Georgia, on the first Tuesday in
JUNE next, one tract oi Land, No. 114, sixth dis
trict of Early county, containing two hundred and
fifty acres, more or less, belonging to th estate of
John W. Holliday, late of Columbia county, de
ceased.
Also, on the first Tuesday in JUNE next, before
the Court House deor in Elijay, Gilmer county,
Georgia, ene tract of Land, No. 289, 11th district,
second section of Gilmor, formorly Cherokee ooun
ty, containing one hundred and sixty acres, more
or less, belonging to the estate of John W. Holli
day, lato of Columbia county, deceased.
Terms cash.
mh24 WILLIAM F. STROTHER. Adrn’r:
GROVER, BAKER Sc CO.’S SEWING MA
CHINES.
rpn ESE Machines ,p A.
roach of all. For aim-
plicity, durability, and certainty o 1 operation, no
other Machine can stand in comparison. W hile in
the boauty, strength and permanency of work exe
cuted by them, they surpass alike anything hereto
fore done bv machinery.
They can be scon in operation daily a t Miss
Mitchells Bonnet Store opposite the United States
Hotel, where specimens of work done by them are
exhibited.
Those are the only Machines adapted to planta
tion use, and can be manag'd by servants.
Exclusive Rights for districts or single machines,
forsaleby TIIOS P STOVALL & CO.
jan4 dfcc3m
HALF INTEREST FOR SALE
riIHE I'NUERSIUMED offers for sale a half in-
X terest in the Southern Eclectic & llomo Ga
zette. The paper is in a flourishing condition, and
the said interest will be St.ld upon reasonable terms.
The undersigned can satisfy any one who may bo
disposed to purchasoit, that it will be a very profi
table investment. He will guaranty thirty-five
percent, por year upon the amount paid (or it, and*
it may yield more than fifty per cent, It would bo
a fine investment tor several in the citv who might
unite in the purchase The list is forty five hun
dred. JAMES M. BMYTHK. Proprietor.
_ Augusta, (la., Feb. 5,1855 d* ts Jbi 6
LINEN cambric LAWN.—From #125 to
$3,50 per yard, just received at
mh2s BANCROFT’S.