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b Y J. W. BURKE & CO.
GEORGIA JOURNAL & MESSENGER
BURKE dt CO., Proprietors, j
t ' «■ .BEKXE. - - KdUor.
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CHIVIMEN HI USB OK HMMM.
~n j e r this caption the New York Jour
,,f Commerce makes some remarks
D bicb seem to us eminently sensible,
, Rowing a very correct appreciation
(i the labor qtiestion as it afleets tlie South.
„, e b»ve heretofore had something to say
coirself on the subject, but thescopeof our
rations only included the proposed
substitution w> for as i> ou - Me labor was con
cerned. So long as the negio can be in*
duced to work, and the supply is anything
l iH et| i.*l to tlie demand, we are very sure
. w i!l l>e to the interest of the South, Unit
j. iahor should have the preference. It
skilled already, it suits the climate, the
80 j| the modes of cultivation, the habits
and prejudices of the land owners, and in
every respect where it can tie used ad van
tmreously. is much better than any other.
If the negroes worked, now, as they did in
the days of slavery, we would uot—and we
think this is the universal sentiment of
(he South— exchange them as laborers for
|t) y other class under the sun—even
though their wages were double of those
of their competitors.
But they do not and will never work that
tiy, again. They have been bitten by the
owpent of “freedom,” and the poison
h rapidly and surely doing its work.
They have withdrawn nearly all their
women from the fields, ami themselves
are fast decreasing, uot only as pro
ducers, but in actual uumbers. In live
years it will be next to impossible for
half the planters in Georgia, in our
opinion, to get hands to work even the
acreage now in cultivation. Shall the
country then lapse into a wilderness? It
surely will if there is not fouud another
source of supply. It is idle to suppose
that any amount of immigration, come
from what source it may—the North, Ger
many, or Ireland—will till these depleted
ranks. These people will not, and would
not if they could, raise cotton, sugar, and
rice, under the control and direction of the
Southern planter. They may, and possi
bly will, after awhile, come down here and
go into the cultivation of these staples on
their own account, and upon land of their
own purchase, but never as hired laborers,
ami upon terms the negroes readily accept.
We even doubt, most capitally, whether
the count ries that raise these staples will
ever be beuefltted to auy considerable
extent by the small farm system. They
will do very well in the more temperate
portionsnf the South, but on the coast and
lowlands, if the earth yields any iucrease,
it must be under conditions as nearly
alike the old system of large plantations
and huge gangs of laborers under one
bead, as possible. We do uot believe any
other system will ever pay there.
But we did uot intend to say this much
upon the subject. Our object was merely
to call attention to some ficts, as stated by
the Journal of Commerce, with reference
to the substitution of Chinese for negro
labor, aud the fate of an unsuccessful ef
fort made in Louisiana for that purpose.
It failed, ’tis true, hut success is sure in
time. We in Georgia, and especially the
planters of South western Georgia, must,
before many more crops are made, begiu
to seriously consider tho question.
Nays the Journal of Commerce: In
Louisiana, as noon as it became known
that 10,000 Chinamen, working on the
Pacific Kail rood, would be discharged
some time in May or June, an enterpris
ing cotton planter conceived the idea of
imp King the whole army of them to that
State.
His plan was this: The levees of the
Htate want repairing. An estimate show
ed that 10,000,000 cubic yards of earth
would put them iu perfect condition. lie
proposed to undertake the work on a con
tract from the skate to pay fifty cents per
cubic yard in Btato bonds bearing 8 per
cent, interest, for a term of years; said
bonds to lie taken at par. W.tli money
rais'd on these bonds lie calculated to
transfer the Chinamen from the Pacific
Railroad to Louisiana, build the levees
with them iu the winter, making money
by that operation, and in summer put
them into the cotton ami cane lields,
where they would be acclimated, aud at
] ess than it now costs to hire negroes,
would work more faithfully aiul much
more intelligently than the negroes do.
A hold scheme, but believed t • be feasi
ble! Could it have been carried out the
question of cheap labor at the South might
have been solved at a dash ; and it would
only have been necessary to make arrange
ments with the Pacific Railroad aud China
Steamship Companies, und import innu
merable others of the same class directly
from Hong Kong. Governor Warmotii
and the Hoard of Public Works favored
the proposal, and it passed through one
branch of the Legislature, but was killed
in the other for want of time. We should
add, that iu the bill the importation of
Chinamen was not mentioned or hinted
at. The measure there appeared to be
only the ordinary one of rebuilding the
levees by the issue of State bonds.
Though the original scheme of importa
tion failed, something in the same line
will probably be done by the State. The
sum of $'20,000 was voted by the Legisla
ture Iu aid of the new Bureau of Immi
gration, and Dr. Noyes, the Super.uten
deut, will, if proper terms can be made,
import a company of the Pacific Railroad
Chinese to Louisiana and try their ca
pacity for growing sugar and cottou.
Little doubt is expressed that the experi
ment will be highly successful. Agricul
ture is the favorite pursuit of the Chinese.
Asa class, according to the testimony of
ali observers, the Chinese who come to
this country are, when outside the tempt
ations of cities, industrious, frugal, vir
tuous and honest. They require small
wages, and save money at that. Their
food is principally rice, which they can
raise to any extent in Louisiana. The
climate of that State will suit them ex
actly. The Louisiana plauters have such
faith in tiie Chinese, after the highly sat
isfactory experience of the Pacific Rail
road contractors, that they have raised
money additional to that voted by the
Htate, and placed it at the disposal of Dr.
Noyes. If a sufficient amount of sueh
labor can be had, even at the high price of
$1 a day, (aud contracts might be made
with the Chinamen on conditions much
more favorable,) cotton and sugar planta
tions now lying waste might be made
sources of enormous profit to the owuers.
The future prosperity of Louisiana aud of
other Southern States may be said to
hiuge on the cheap labor question—aud
that labor, so far as we can now see, must
he sought iu Asia!
As to the consequences of importing
Chinese to this country by thousands or
hundreds of thousands, that is a matter
that may safely be turned over to the fu
ture. Our concern is not with the remote
unknown but the actual present. Our in
terest— our “mission,” if any body pre
fers so to call it—is to import the cheapest
possible civilized labor that the broad face
(, t the earth can furnish, aud put it at
work wherever it can work. For the
wheat and corn lands of the West, the
uermaus; for the railroads, cauals aud
public works, the Irish; and for the cot
mu aud cane bottoms of the South, the
LUinese. The last importation is the
081 ur K 6 ut of all; for the negro race, uns
Henrgia Journal ail Messtiget,
der the fostering of those who most pro
fess to be its friends, is dying out. The
Chinese would more tbau make good tbe
void caused by the extinction of tbe
Southern negroes. When it comes to
voting, nobody should be nice in these
days; but the Chinese cannot vote until
they become naturalized or reach the sec
ond generation of adults, so that a discus
sion of that contingency is unnecessary
here. If it is objected that they are idol
aters, then the reply is ready that by
bringing them over we put them withiu
reach of the Home Missionary Society.
Regarded from every standpoint, but es
pecially from that of business interests,
the importation of Cbiuese to the aban
doned and weed-grown plantations of the
South is much to be desired. And, there
fore, we trust that the Louisiana experi
ment will be so successful as to put other
States ou the same track.
I.VIV FKKIGII |fg.
It stems to be pretty wdl settled, now,
among intelligent aud practical railroad
men aud managers, lliat a system of low
freights on certain articles, is one of tbe
surest and most satisfactory roads to an
increase iu business, aud a corres|*onding
increase in profits. It is a question in
which ail classes are vitally concerned.
To tiie farmer low rates on Grtilizers is an
inducement to buy largely, and iucrease
his products The less they cost him, the
more lie buys, aud the more be raises, and
of course, the more work he has for the
railroad. Most, If not all, our railroads
now carry tlie various kinds of fertilizers
at rates bareiy sufficient to save them
selves from loss. The wisdom of the
policy has been amply shown since its
adoption, in the iucrease iu tbeir business
in those sections where fertilizers are
most liberally used, and we do not doubt
tiut that, witir anything like favorable
seasons this year, the results will be still
more satisfactory. The same is true of ali
other articles upon whose carriage reduc
lions have been made by the roads. Here,
then, is where and how the roads aud
their stockholders, are benefited.
As to the people, ail classes of them,
the benefits are equally apparent. They
are so decided as to make their enumera
tion almost superfluous. In the first place
these inducements of cheap freight rates,
act directly as a stimulus to home produc
tions, and by cheapeuirg them, ciieapeu
labor, aud the cost of living. This is the
grand desideratum after all. It comes
home to every cousumer, of every degree.
What we ali want is cheap bread and
meat, cheap clothing, and cheap fuel.
Bringing down the rates of freight on
those substances that tend to increase tbe
production of breadstutfs, of course is
bound uot only to make tbe country that
produces them self-supporting, hut
tiie articles themselves much cheaper.
After a while people will give wheat
and corn their due proportion of the va
rious fertilizers now devoted almost ex
clusively to cotton, and then we shall
have cheap bread, and millions of money
kept at home for investment and tiie de
velopment of our resources, tbatnowgoes
to buy food.
Now when it comes to cheap fuel, tbe
argument is precisely the same. In a few
years this question of fuel will uot be
secondary to auy in importance. Iu
many places it has already reached that
point. Iu our cities and large towns,
persons with small means are beginning
to calculate this item with nearly as much
anxiety as they do that of food. Wood of
every description is yearly growing scarcer,
and of an inferior quality, and of course
higher iu price. Ten persons stint them
selves and shiver iu consequence, now,
where one did ten years ago. Borne other
substance must be bad. There iscoal.it
is true, iu abundauce, but suppose rail
roads wont transport it at reduced rates,
as they do other articles? Os course it
then becomes as inaccessible to shallow
pockets as wood, and tbeir condition is
not bettered at all. That is one view of
the case as it affects individuals. Take
another. Cheap coal stimulates the in
crease of manufacturing enterprises, and
the consequent iucrease of avenues of em
ployment to tiie poorer classes. In tiiose
already established it leads to a reduction
of expeuses aud a consequent addition to
their profits, leaving that amount thus
saved to find employment in tire establish
ment of other enterprises. It cannot be
questioned that ail these results have been
witnessed in every section where the ex
periment has been tried.
Knowing these tilings as we do, and
feeling such a deep interest in them, we
regret, extremely, to learn that it is not
probable this city and section, at least,
will have an opportunity to test them as
we could wish. Here in Macon tbe ques
tion of fuel for domestic purposes, aud for
use in factories, foundries, etc., is a very
important one. The supply of wood is
not adequate, either to the demands or
the pockets of a majority of the people.
The disparity is growing greater every
year. We must have more, and cheaper
fuel, 'l’lie introduction of coal last winter
wonderfully slackened the strain. This
year we hoped for still greater relief,
and we looked to low freights to give it.
But we bear that tiie Macon & Western
Railroad lias raised its rates from $lO per
car load to sl2 per car load of coal, which
certainly don’t promise much iu that di
rection. Wesupposethe President of this
road ha- good reason for this advance, but
that don’t help buyers. We had looked,
tiiis winter, for regular coal trains running
over tiiis road every day, and putting
their contents still nearer within the
reach of all classes. What makes It a
greater disappointment, is the fact that a
reduction of $1 per car load has just been
effected on the Knoxville & Kentucky
Railroad, a short line running to the
mines, and we understand that ottier con
necting roads were prepared to act very
liberally in the premises. That this ad
vance will have a tendency to check the
growth of this branch of trade is not at all
doubtful. If in September, 1567, the West
ern & Atlantic road, at certain rates,
only carried over its line 49 car loads of
coal, giving a revenue of $1,504 87, and iu
Septeaiber, 18G8, at a reduced rate, car
ried 117 carloads, giving a revenue of $2,-
428 94, it seems reasonable to suppose that
these results will follow in tiiis case from
an advance in rates : A diminution of the
coal trade and, of course, a corresponding
decrease in the revenue of the road from
that source. We do not see bow any other
conclusion can be reached.
Probably the President will more thau
make it up somewhere and somehow else.
We hope so, but are uoue the less aux
ious that he should reconsider the matter,
aud if consistent with his views and du
ties give us the old rates, or eveu cheaper
ones. In a question like this in which so
many inteiests are so deeply concerned,
it seems to us not only legitimate but
wise to take as broad aud catholic view of
it as possible.
Let us look at it with reference to its
connection with aud influence upon the
development of natural resources, aud
taking the reductiou of freight by the
Western <fe Atlautic Railroad upon the
article of pig iron as a case in point. Pig
iron from the Pennsylvania mines cost the
manufacturers from $37 to S3S per ton laid
down in New York. It is worth, there,
from S4O to $42 per ton, leaving them a
profit of $5 per ton as the outside. The
average profit—a profit which they think
they do well to make —is not more than
$2 per ton, however. Now, Alabama iron,
from the mines on the Selma, Rome &
Daltou Railroad, can be laid down in New
York at $27 per ton, because, by the reduc
tion of freight ou it over the State aud
other couuectiDg roads, it only costs sl2
per ton as transportation, which, added to
sls per ton, cost of production, makes the
whole cost s27—leaving a profit of sl3 per
ton. With the freight at S3B per ton over
the State Road as it formerly was, this
could not be done. A judicious reduc
tion, however, of the cost to sls per ton,
aud arrangements with connecting roads
by which it was brought down to sl2 per
ton, to Charleston, made it au accom
plished fact.
It requires no argument, of course, to
prove that so long as it cost the Alabama
manufacturers sls per ton to get their iron
ready for market, aud S3B freight addi
tional to lay It down in New York where
the price was ouly S4O per tou. they could
not compete with the Peuusylvauia man
ufacturers, aud consequently could not
afford to work their miue to any advan
tage. When low freights, however,
brought them in a condition not only to
compete with, but shove their roads to the
wall iu such a centre as New York, the
Vi t a sine XL* i t e r is M or s est.
case was different, and, under such a
stimulus, their enterprise was bound to be
developed to its highest point. Here, then,
is a ease in point of the direct connection
and powerful iufluence of low freights
upon tbe development of natural re
sources. If low freights will do tiiis much
for iron, why not for coal, or auy other
product?
We don’t pre end to know as much as
railroad men who make such subjects
their whole study, but we do know tha
both figures anil experience are ou our
side, this time. We think the railroad
manager who acts upon tbe theory that
cheap fares and freights are the surest
paths not only to good dividends, but the
development and improvement of tbe
coun'ry, is the wise man and tbe shrewd
man at last; and that his stockholders, as
well as the public, will soon be fully
agreed upon that point. We hope the day
is uot distant when there will cease to be
any difference of opinion in this direc
tion, and that soon every railroad in tbe
Boutli will, with every other agency, be
working towards the common ceutre of
the country’s highest development, and
most sjieedy and substantial prosperity.
TO THE PRESIDENT AMI UIKKCrORSOPTIIK
BAVAAMH, GRIFFIN At .NOIITI] AL MIAII \
R MLROAD.
Gentlemen : I beg leave to present cer
tain consideiatious which should in
fluence the location of the 8., G. &. N. A.
R it. westward from Newuan.
Place a rule on the map from Newnan
to Memphis, observe tiie line which it in
dicates, and then compare to the more
northern route to Jacksouvilleaud thence
to Decatur.
1. The southern route, as indicated by
the ruler, is tiie direct aud therefore the
shoitest line to Memphis, the distributing
center of the heavy trade of tlie North
west with the States of Mississippi, Ala
bama, Georgia, Florida aud Bouth Car
olina.
2. It is the most important link In the
shortest route from the Mississippi to the
Atlantic Seaboard.
3. It will, when completed, be the great
feed and supply line, not only to tbe rail
roads of Middle and Southern Georgia,
but also to the railroad system of Eastern
Mississippi, and that of Middle and South
ern Alabama. Freight loaded in Mem
phis can be delivered without break of
bulk in Macon, Bavaunab, Brunswick or
Albany.
4. It will so shorten the distance from
the Mississippi Valley to the Atlantic Sea
board that tbe cotton, sugar aud other val
uable products of that rich valley now
seeking an Eastern market by tbe tedious
and dangerous water route aiound tbe
Florida Keys, will prefer the shorter, safer
and more expeditious commuuicatiou with
the East opened by this line.
5. The consideration thus far presented
have relation (Ist) to the directness ami
shortness of the line and therefore, to its
cheapness, not only of first construction,
but of annual repairs and of working the
road; and (2d) to the tiirough freight.
Three hundred thousand bales, through
freight, is, perhaps, a moderate estimate of
the cotton from Louisiana. Arkansas, Mis
sissippi and Tennessee, that will seek a
market over the road ; and tiie imagina
tion almost staggers under the weight of
tiie calculation of the many thousands of
tons of bacou, corn, flour, Jive stock, etc.,
that in a ceaseless stream, will flow over
it.
8. But another very important consider
ation is the freight to be furnished by the
country thiough which the road passes.
Commencing at Newnan, then, let us trace
the proposed route : Crossing the Chatta
hoochee at or near the Mclntosh Reserve,
it will thence traverse to tiie Chocaloc
Valley in Alabama, a distance of about
seventy miles, of tbe finest bodies of pine
timber to be found in tiie Bouth ; it will
uext pass tiirough the great coal, lime
aud iron region of Alabama, tapping
in its course some of the richest valleys in
North Alabama, and tbence through tbe
productive regions of North Mississippi.
Could a railryad desire a better route for
local freight?
7. Nothing has been said thus far of pas
sengers; but all lines of through freight
are also lines of through travel; moreover,
the country through which the indicated
line passes, is pretty thickly settled, and
will become densely populated in a few
years. Tiie business of the road, there
fore, in the carriage of passengers and
freight, will annually iucrease with great
rapidity.
8. Now compare the Newnan-Memphis
line and tbe Newnau-Jacksonville-Deca
tur line.
(a ) The N. M. is a first class tiirough
line; N J-D. is a seeoud or third rate con
nection line.
(b.) Tiie first, a great feed and supply
line connecting a principal center with
the broad area over which its garnered
stores are to be broadcasted ; tiie second, a
dependent begging line that must draw
its principal nourishment from the more
important routes with which it humbly
sues an alliance.
(c.) The N-M. line passes through an
exteusive region possessed of almost in
exhaustible stores of lumber, coal, lime
aod irou, and one rich too—in nearly its
whole length —in agricultural productions ;
the N- J-D hue, from N. to J. on the north
ern route, passes through a region almost
entirely devoid of everything attractiveof
railroad enterprise; from J. to D. the
country is more productive and attractive,
hut the line is comparatively short aud it
will have active competition.
(and.) The first will be without a rival,
for the Memphis & Charleston Railroad,
via Chattanooga and Atlanta, will be too
circuitous a route to compete with it for
the carriage of freight to he distributed in
Middle aud Southern Georgia, and the
road from Vicksburg will hardly interfere
witli its mission of feeding the radroad
system of Eastern Mississippi, and of Ala
bama; the second will be entirely depend
ent upon its connections at Decatur.
Engineer
Note. —The route here characterized as
the “northern route” from Newnan to
Jacksou ville, is that of Foot’s survey.
Jacksonville is on or very near the di
rect line from Newnan to Memphis. E.
[Newnan Herald.
LETTER FROM CHIEF JUSTICE CHASE.
In response to au invitation to attend
tiie decoration of the graves of the Fed
eral dead at Charleston, on Saturday last,
Chief Justice Chase sent the foilowiug
letter :
Charleston, S. C'., May 29, 1869.
Dear Sir; Your uote inviting me to at
tend the ceremony of decorating, at Mag
nolia Cemetery, the graves of the brave
men who fell iu defence of the Pinion
during the receut civil war, only reached
me this morning.
I am very sorry that I cannot be with
you on this most interesting occasion ; but
it is not too late to make the necessary
arrangements
The natiou cannot too tenderly cherish
the memory of her dead heroes, or too
watchfully guard the well-being of those
who survive. Aud may we not indulge
the hope that ere long we who adhered to
the national cause will he prompt also to
join in commemorating the heroism of
our countrymen who fell on the other
side, and that those who now specially
mourn their loss, consenting to the arbi
trament of arms, and resuming all their
old love for their country and ourcountry,
one and indivisible, will join with us in
like commemoration of the fallen brave of
the army of the Union ?
The dead are not dead. They have only
gone before, aud now see eye to eye. Why
may not we all borrow from their sacred
graves oblivion of past differences, aud
henceforth unite iu noble aud generous
endeavor to assure the honor and welfare
of our whole country, of all her States,
and of all her citizeus.
Very respectfully, yours,
(Signed) S. P. Chase.
Captain 15. H. Mauning.
“Quake no Good.” —The Herald says
that Graut’s Quaker ludtau agents are uot
doing very well with the Indian tribes,
because they bring rain with them wherev
er they go. “Um!” cried Hole-in-the-
Bottle, a big ludiau chief of the Arapa
hoes, “Quake uogood. Briug water. No
whisky.”
Deserves a Good Husband.—The first
Hartford passenger across the continent
by the completed Pacific Railroad was a
young woman who had faith enough in a
young mau’s word to travel three thousand
five hundred miles to marry him.
MACON. GA.. TUESDAY, JUNE 8, 1869.
STATE NEW*.
Tub State vs. Newton Awtrey.—
This case toox two days in the Superior
Court last week, aud, as much iuterest has
been felt in it, we publish a short synop
sis of the evidence:
Hiram Proviuce, then a citizen of thi9
county, was missiug the 26th of Novem
ber last The 16th of December he was
found iu Proctor's creek, fastened under
a log 10 to 14 feet long, and 10 to 12 inches
thick. Go his h-ad was found a bruise,
slight according to some witnesses, but
the skull fractured according to others. It
appeared tiiat he bad struggled to throw
the log off after being put iu the water—
this was a mere opinion from the position
of his hand. Suspicion was directed to
Newton Awtrey, because he wasseen with
Proviuce on the eveuing previous to his
missing, going out from Atlanta on tiie
Masou aud Turner ferry road, aud was
last 9eeu with him at Proctor’s creek, to
which place they had ridden togetiier ou a
wagon. Awtrey lived at Province’s, aud
on going home told Mrs. Province that he
iiad left Province at or near tiie “National ■
Garden.” He told tiie same tale to others ;
also, bought some meat for Mrs Province,
which he seut to her as purchased by her
husband. From these false statementi
strong suspicion was directed towardfc.
him. It was shown further, that Awtrey
had oue baud very sore, so that he could
not use it; that the most friendly relations
existed between Awtrey and Proviuce ;
aud that two men of very bad character
passed the place near tiie time that Prov
ince was at the creek, aud tiiat these two
men had fled tiie country upon a rumor
that Awtrey had confessed tiiat they were
the guilty part.es, which, iu fact, he did
uot. This is but a short imperfect state
ment of the case. There was, as will be
seen, a fine field for argument. Counsel
for tbe State were E. P. Howell ami B H
Thrasher; for the prisoner, W. H. Hul
sey and Ezzard, aud Tiguorand Thrasher.
The jury returned a verdict of “Not
Guilty.”— Atlanta Constitution ,3lsf.
Terrible Traoedy.-A terrible trage
dy was enacted in Dawson county, ou
Saturday the 22J, the particulars of which
are furnished us by a correspondent. Jack
and William Thompson were twin broth
ers, and lived together. Tiie former had a
family, and was an intemperate fellow.
The other was single, aud was a sober, in
dustrious man and a good citizen. On the
day above named, Jack wanted his garden
hoe and was informed that one of the ne
groes had carried it to the field. He im
mediately took down his double barreled
shot-gun, and swearing he would kill the
negro, mounted his mule and started to the
field to carry out his threat. His brother,
William, kuowing what kind of man he
was, eudeavored to get to the negro first;
but he was out-stripped by Jack, who got
there and fired at the negro before Wil
liam came up; but failed to hit him. See
ing his brottier advancing. Jack asked if
he took the negro’s part. Before time was
giveu for reply lie fired tiie other barrel of
his gun, kiliiug William instantly. Leav
ing his brother’s dead body on the field,
Jack went home and told his wife what he
had done, and asked for some of his best
clothes. Taking his clothes, gun, repeater,
aud a jug of whisky, lie left, and had not
been heard from up to the date of our
letter. William Thompson’s remains were
buried last Monday with Masonic honors.
[Atlanta Era , lsf.
Negro Killed. —A negro man named
Alfred Pickett, was shot and killed by a
white man named John Morand at the
bridge, near this city on Saturday. It
seems that Morand was riding in a wagon
with other parties, when Pickett asked
permission to put a two gallon jug in it—
himself being in a rickety old buggy,
heavily loaded—which permission was
granted by the driver, and the jug placed
upon the wagon. Morand objected to tbe
jug being hauled, and threw it out upon
tbe ground breaking it. The negro told
him he must pay him for the syrup,
whereupon Morand said he would pay him
by shooting him, and drew his pistol. Th ■
negro started with a bucket to water th
horses, and finding tiiat Morand was fol
lowing him turned to face him, when he
(Morand) fired, the ball passing through
the negroe’s heart, and killing him in a
short time. After firing Morand fled, and
up to this time has not been captured
[Americas Courier , lsf.
Return ok the Delegates from Sa
vannah to the Commercial Conven
tion—The Harbor of Savannah, eic.
—Hoti. E lward C. Anderson, General A.
R. Lawton, Colonel F. W. Sims, and Mr.
John Cunuiugbam —the four of the dele
gates from Savannah to the Commercial
Convention at Memphis, who went to the
Convention at New Orleaus—have re
turned to Savannah via Mobile.
While at New Orleans and Mobile, the
delegation visited tiie harbors aud in
spected them. After full inquiries re
garding the condition of them, the delega
tion returns to Savannah feeling prouder
of her than when they weut, and fully
satisfied that at neither of the above
places is such a progressive spirit dis
played, nor are there as many indications
of future wealth and commercial prosper
ity as in Savannah.
As regards the clearing of tiie harbor,
Bavaunab lias already done what is only
contemplated by tiie other cities. The
City Council of New Orleans has peti
tioned Cougress for $1,0011,009 to clear her
harbor; the Council of Mobile for sljK),oik)
per year for tiie same purpose, hut at
neither place has anything been done.
Tbe Council of Bavaunab has applied to
Cougress for $30,000, to exteud tiie jetty at
the upper end of Hutchiuson’s Island
three hundred feet, and to strengthen tiiat
portion already completed. This exten
sion will cause a large volume of water
that would otherwise go through tiie Back
river, to flow in frout of the city, thus in
creasing the depth of water at tiie
wharves This money, we learn, will be
shortly appropriated. But Savannah, un
like tiie cities above named, has not
waited for Congress. The river lias been
cleared of obstructions, tiie channels
opened, and a depth of water sufficient to
float the largest vessels up to tbe city has
been secured. — Sav. News , Ist.
Penitentiary. —There was a report
upon our streets last week, that the Peni
teutiary was leased ; upon iuquiry at the
proper source, we find that it was not so.
Some few weeks since, a railroad con
tractor ctiuie and took a number of con
victs, leaving iu the Penitentiary at litis
time, 45, out of which number, there is not
more thau 15 real good hands. We saw
about 8 or 10 that were of but little ac
count, and 3 or 4 that were of no account.
The principle work that is ITGw being
done, is that of brick making, blacksmith
iug, shoe making, and wagon work, of
course upon a rather small scale. We
were informed by Col. Walton, Principal
Keeper, that he is makiug more clear
mouey with the few hands he has, than
when they were twice as inauy. He has
given up all kiuds of little job work, and
takes iu only heavy work. The average
earnings of the blacksmith shop per week,
is about $125. All the shoes that are made
find ready sale.
The whole number of convicts as regis
tered, is about 4tt9, of which two-thirds
are negroes. The number at work ou rail
roads, 354, for wuuh the State gets $lO
per year for each hand, net, the State being
at uo expense iu feeding, clothing, etc.—
[Southern Recorder , Ist.
Brunswick Exports.— ln the present
month of May our Custom House has
cleared, for foreign and domestic ports,
2,654 819 feet of timber and lumber, mak
ing cargoes for 8 vessels. —Brunswick Ap
peal, 30fA ult.
Mills Burnt.— We learn that the saw
and grist mills of B. B. Dykes, Esq., at
Cochran, on the M. A B. R R., were to
tally consumed by fire on Thursday last.
Loss $3,000. The fire is said to have been
caused by the carelessness of a negro fire
man, who went to sleep, and the fire,
dropping from the furnace, caught the
firewood. —Jiawkinsville Dispatch, 2d.
Rome Subscription to the Memphis
Branch R R —The Mayor and Council
of the city of Rome have subscribed for
seven hundred aud fifty shares ($75,000) of
stock in the Memphis Branch Railroad.
This subscription is made on the condition
that the Company will receive iu paymeut
the bouds of the city, payable aud redeem
able in ten years, with interest from date,
interest payable annually at 7 per cent.
The bouds issued are based upon the terms
and conditions of the Act of the Legisla
ture authorizing this subscription and con
ditioned further, that when a vacancy oc-
i Mrs in tbe Board of Directors, the City
i Council may designate one director who
shall be accepted by tbe stockholders.
[Rome Commercial , 2d.
Real Estate Sales.—On yesterday
Messrs. Wallace & Fowler sold five lots,
heavily wooded, all fronting upon Mc-
Donough road, near Col. Reid’s, and two
and a half miles from the city. Three of
the lots of twenty acres each were pur
chased by J. G. Kelly—tbe first at $11.75
per acre, tbe second atsll.so, and the third
at $10.25, Tbe two other lots were bought
by Balie—oue of 17.22 acres at S2O per
acre; the other, 16 78 acres, at S2O per
acre.— A tlanta Intelligencer, 2d.
Owen Thomas Will Case—Negroes
Suing kor the Estate of their Form
er Master.—ln the Superior Court the
whole of yesterday was consumed by ar
gument from counsel concerned in the
celebrated “Owen Thomas Will Case.”
The facts are as follows :
Mr. Owen Thomas, quite an old mso,
died last September. He was a bachelor.
His estate was valued from $150,000 to
$175,000. Ouly one wid was fouud, and it
was made iu 1852. Iu it he desired that
about twenty-live of his negroes be carried
by his executor, after his death, to Libs
na, or s me free State, as they might elect,
and there set . ree—they and their posterity
forever. Ife then desired the residue of
his property, including some sixty ether
negroes, who also were his staves, to be
reduced to money. He required that iiis
debts, which are small, iiis executois aud
the expenses of transportation of tiie ue
groes to be freed, be first paid, and then
desired the remainder of the funds to be
divided among tbe negroes thus set free—
aud divided iu specified proportions, ou
their arrival at their uew homes.
There now remains nineteen negroes
who claim the property of deceased under
this will, which his relatives are endeavor
ing to break.
Last November Mr. Jas. K. Redd, tbe
only surviving executor of tiie will, pre
sented it for probate. Ordinary Duer re
fused the probate on tbe ground tiiat the
act of 1859 renders null and void any
instrument conferring freedom on slaves,
aud hence this will was void, and there
was no republication ; tiiat it coutaiued
conditions precedent, now impossible to
be performed; that tbe changed circum
stuuces revoked the will, aud there was
nothing done to suit the changed relations
of the parties.
On appeal, the case was taken before the
Superior Court, and yesterday the subject
was argued fully and ably by tbe follow
ing counsel, the propouuders having the
beginning and conclusion: Williams &
Thornton, Ramsey & Ramsey, and Col.
Mark Blanford, represent tiie negroes;
Ingram & Crawford, the executor; James
M. Russell, Mrs. Hargroves, the only sur
viving sister of Owen Thomas; and Geu.
H. L. Bentiitig, and Peabody & Brannon,
tbe heirs of Mrs. M. W.Thweatt, deceased,
another sister.
Thearguraent was not closed uutil about
dark. Judge Worrill stated lie would give
a written charge.— Columbus Sun, 2d.
Laying the Corner-Stone of the
Atlanta University (Colored.)—A
considerable crowd of negroes and a few
white people assembled, upou the grounds
of tbe University yesterday afternoon to
hear John M. Langston, a negro lawyer
from Washington, speak upou the laying
of the corner-stone.
The exercises were opened by Mr. Ful
ler reading a chapter from the Scripture*
A negro followed in prayer. Then Lang
ston was intndueed. His speecli was full
of negro equality. He granted the same
rights to tiie whites that he did to tiie
negroes. He advised tiie negroes to be
honest and uprigiit, particularly to educate
themselves, so they could be socially aud
politically equal to tbe whites; said tiiat
Gen. Grant would soon have it so that ne
groes could hold office in Georgia; brought
Sumner, Phillips,Beecher, and the “Saint
ed Thad. Stevens, the greatest lawyer that
auy couutry ever produced,” vividly before
his audience as njen of example.
Gov. Bullock, Judge McCoy, and Post
master Du uni tig followed iu short speeches.
There was a brass baud iu attendance.
Tiie negro children sang a few songs.
The grounds consist of about 80 acres,
lying ou Mitchell street, near the suburbs
aud were given by a negro in Macon for
the purpose of erecting a University.—
[Atlanta Constitution, 2d.
The New Catholic Church.—The
excavation for the basement of ilie uew
Catholic Church is nearly completed. We
learn tiiat the rock will be hauled, and
the work of laying the foundation com
menced in a few days.— [lbid.
The Government Offices in Savan
nah. — We have gleaned the following
items regarding the appointment of gov
ernment offices in Savannah :
Col. T. P. Robb entered upon the duties
of li s office as Collector of Customs yester
day.
judge Lee, who has so acceptably filled
tiie office of chief clerk in tiie Postoffice,
will be appointed Deputy Collector of
Customs.
Charles 11. Hopkins will be appointed
Appraiser in tiie Custom House.
Booby Clift will take charge of tiie Post
office to morrow morning, having obtain
ed the $40,000 security in the North.
Isaac Seely will be Chief Clerk in tbe
Post Office.
E. E. Howard, negro, formerly editor
and so-called proprietor of tbe Freedmen’s
Standard, and another uegro, will lie ap
pointed clerks iu tbe Postffice by Booby
Clift.
Col. E. H. Kirlin will be appointed
Deputy Collector of Internal Revenue by
Major Gould, the Collector.
ISuvannah News. 2d.
Col. L. Tumlin’s Plantation—Wheat
Clover, etc. — We bad tiie pleasure of
ridiug over the plantation of, and in com
pany with, our esteemed friend and neigh
bor, Col. Lewis Tumlin, on Saturday last,
and viewing his magnificent wheat and
clovercrops, to say uotliiug of bis excel
lent corn, cottou, oats, stock, etc., etc.
Col. T. has about 500 acres in wheat, 50
acres of which is as tineas we ever saw,
and will produce, we think, from 30 to 40
bushels per acre, and tbe balance will
average from 12} to 15 bushels per acre.
His wheat was sowed upou clover, pea,
and corn lands. That that was sowed up
on clover aud pea lauds will produce, at
least, a third more wiieat to the acre than
that which was sowed upon corn lands,
although the soil is the same. Where his
clover lauds join his corn lands, the wheat
is a foot higher, and one can tell tiie very
dividing furrow a hundred yards off. Oue
striking feature in his wheat is its uni
formity iu height and thickness. It is al
most as even as the surface of a pond of
water, the most of which we examined,
contained three grains to the mesh. From
this experiment it is very apparent that
either clover or peas is the fertilizer for
wheat lands. The former, perhaps, is
preferable. His clover is hard to beat and
fully demonstrates the fact that it can be
as successfully raised on Cherokee, Geor
gia, lands, as on Kentucky or Ohio lands.
We saw some clover that we are satisfied
will make from 2} to3 tous per acre, which
crop, Col. Tumlin is now busily engaged
iu harvesting.— Carlersville Express , 2d.
Neqro Killed. —We learn that a negro
named Warren Hays was killed last week
near Lexington, while resisting au arrest
by the civil authorities. We are informed
that a negro who bad been exercising a
pernicious influence upon the negro popu
lation for some time past had been warned
by unknown persons to leave the commu
nity, and that, after making threats of
what he would do, a considerable number
of negroes armed themselves last Wednes
day night, organized into a colored Ku
klux clan,'and threatened violence against
some three or four white men. No evert
act was committed, however, as the whites
had got wind of the affair, and were pre
pared to protect themselves. It was
thought advisable afterwards to arrest the
ringleaders, ami warrants were issued
against them. They all quietly submitted
to an arrest, except the negro Warren,
who was armed with a gun and swore he
would not be arrested. It is said that he
was a desperate fellow.
[Athens Watchman , 2 d.
Misstrial. —We learn that the jury at
Dawson Court, on Friday last, made a
misstrial in the case of the State vs. Lee,
charged with the murder of Capt. Fletcher.
Eleven were for murder without recom
mendation to the mercy of the Court, and
one for murder with recommendat'on.
Eleven for hanging and one for Peniten
tiary for life.— Albany Newt, Ist.
KHE IKK OK FANATICISM.
Remarkable <’»*e of Kelljtiuui Aberration In North
Carolina—Two Women Claim Thefitaelae* to be
A Imixht v (ial, and each Conte*** the Other *
Claim.
The New York World's correspondent,
writing from Lenoir, N. C., under date of
May 17, gives a highly sensational account
of the freaks of fanaticism exhibited by a
family of squatters iu that vicinity. The
facts came out on tbe trial of Eli Laud,
father, aud Nimrod and James, his sons,
for tiie murder of Sarah Laud, daughter of
Eli and sister of the others.
The Land family consisted of James, a
man apparently of fifty years of age, his
wife, Jane, bis sons, Eli aid Niturod,
aged sixteen and seventeen, his daughters,
Sarah aud Polly, older tbau the boys, aud
two children of tender years. They were
very poor, living on rented laud iu a log
cabin at the base of Cox's Knob of the
Brushy Mountains, Alexander county,
North Carolina. They were remarkably
quiet, peaceable, houest aud industrious
people, and were noted for tbeir kindly
affect ion to oue auotber.
The wife and mother, Jane, a woman of
very limited education, but of strong will
aud fervent passions, lias acquired a con
trolling influence over her husband and
children, aud was in every way the fuler
of her family. Their religious feelings,
always marked, had become intensified by
the exercises and manifestations ala “pro
tracted meeting” held at Dover Church,
in their neighborhood, last August, where
for uiue days and nights, from 9 a. m. to
10 P. m , preaching was kept up by three
ministers, with brief interruption for
meals. From attending these meetings
tiiis family, who were with tiie exception
of the tw > little children, all ehui\ h mem
bers, went borne more than ever interested
iu devotional subjects. Their daily work
in field and house was little by little neg
lected and laid aside; they began aseiies
of home ineeliugs, iu which Jane ami
Sally were theexhorters, and which every
member of the family took partiu. During
the progress of these meetings the mother
and Bailie began to see visions, and the
mother to prophesy. Bailie claimed to t>e
the true God, the mother often saw Polly
ou tiie cross, and sometimes herself felt on
her head the thorny crown, and felt in
her side tiie spear, as her Saviour had
done before her.
For days and nights together they
would fast, sing, preach and pray. In
these exercises Jane and Sally led oil,
Polly following, while the fattier and his
two sons would either sit silently listen
ing, or following the lead of the women,
and when their local manifestations gave
place to such physical ones as dancing,
would inarch ill procession and chase
away the devil. Two or three weeks be
fore Sally’s death they began to see evi
dences of the devil’s peculiar malignity
toward themselves; they believed, or pre
tended to believe, that he was trying to
destroy them, and that lie must be driven
away by physical prowess; they were
seen, at tbe command of Jane, to rush out
of their cabin like a swarm of bees, shout
ing, “Here he goes! It is the devil! kill
him!” aud run violently about tbe yard,
garden and house, beating the air with
their fists, and shouting loud enough to be
heard a mile oft’.
On Saturday, February 20, 1869, tbe
whole family, excepting Sally, were seen
in Johnathan Laud's field, some half mile
from their house, preaching praying aud
singing, exhorting bystanders to repent,
threatening damnation on all who denied
obedience to tbeir commands, and were
observt d,with ttieir sleeves rolled upabove
their elbows, knocking dried chestnut
burs about from one to another, until their
naked hands aud arms wen- covered with
blood. While this was going on, Sally
was noticed sitting apart, her eyes fixed
on the sun, which although near tiie west,
was still brilliant aud cloudless; when
she was asked what was going on up yon
der. pointing to tbe family, site began,
witii wild gestures, to reply : “Preaching,
sir, from Heaven’s King”—keeping this
up rapidly for some minutes, aud then
changing into some unintelligible jargon.
Shortly after ibis, the same evening, they
were met in a narrow path, liy a brother
of James, marching by twos towards their
home, the mother, clasping tier husband’s
arm with botli her hands, in front—next
came Sally and Polly, then tiie boys, and
last, the children ; their heads were bare,
tbeir hair floating and dishevelled, tbeir
dress disordered, their eyes fixed and star
ing, their faces set steadily to tbe front,
aud their whole look wild aud strange.
The witness spoke. None answered.
He moved a little to one side, still keep
ing close to them and addressing them,
but the whole procession filed past him
without word or sign of recognition. Ihe
witness believed them crazy, and went
several miles away for Jane’s father, an
old man named Murphy, who testified
that the uext day (Sunday) he went to
their house, met Eli and Nimrod close by,
who were entirely averse to his entering
until he prayed—for, said they, “It is
God’s house, and we are God’s people.”
Gaining an entrance at last, lie found that
tiie whole family had fasted for three days,
eating, as tlmy claimed, “hidden manna.”
His visit was profitless, and he went away.
That evening a neighbor and four young
women called on them. Sally was stand
ing on tbe hearth, holding out a gourd of
water to Eli and Nimrod, calling on them
to drink and be cleansed; lliut she was tbe
true aud only God They drank tiie
water, aud then Eli seized a pine torch,
lit it, aud with shirt drawn out over his
waist, and his right arm and shoulder
bare, held his blazing torch up iu tbe
middle of the room; tbe rest of tiie family
danced about it, shouting aud clapping
their hands, until they put out the torch,
w‘en they exclaimed: “We have con
quered the devil.”
Seeming then to notice their visitors for
the first time, they approached them,
shouting, “Here are five more devils, and
oil the floor we’ll lay them,” and on the
five persons so accosted fleeing affrighted
from tiie house, they followed them into
the yard, exclaiming, “Out of the door
they go, and in the yard we’ll lay them,”
and so chased them away. That night
the mother and Sally ordered the whole
party, except the little oue, to strip naked,
themselves setting the example, burn
tbeir clothes and shoes, and go some
fifteen or twenty yards to a cold spring,
where, witii exhortation, prayer and song,
they washed aud were cleansed again.
Returning to tiie house, they put on uew
clothes, but had uo more shoes. Nearly
all tiiat night, a bitter cold one, they re
mained up, engaged iu prayer; the next
day they passed the same way—eating
nothing from morning till night.
At night, while Sally and her mother
discussed some passages in Scripture, a
dispute arose, occasioned, as tiie defend
ants told me, by both of them claiming to
be God. Tiie mother thought Sally was
the devil, and ordered her sous and hus
band to tie her. They did so, and thrust
her, her hands tied together, out of the
door. She attempted to get iu ; James
seized a bit of board and tried to push her
away, while tbe mother, unable to hold
the door against her, ordered Eli to shoot
the devil; he fired, hitting her in the
hand, and then, as they described it after
wards, “the devil scrambled <»ff tiie door
step.” Soon she was back again, putting
her bloody hand in a hole iu the too of
the door, when Eli was again ordered to
shoot. “It seemed like,” said he, relating
it to someone, “like as if he had got in he
would have destroyed us all. I saw his
eyes, as big as diuner plates,” and tiie
mother saw him too. “ The real big, black,
bald-headed old devil.”
Nimrod loaded the rifle with two bullets,
gave it to Eli, who said, “Father, must I
shoot?” ‘‘lf nothing else will do,” said
he, “you must shoot,” and, said Eli, 1
“This time I plumbed him right between
the eyes ” The body lay outside the door
until daylight, then the mother ordered
the rest to carry the devil to the log heap
and burn it This they did, all taking
part therein but Polly, whose mind seems
to have given way that night, and to
whom the whole scene seemed, as she tes
tified, like a dream. The remains of Sally
were discovered next day—nothing being
left but a bit of the spine and skull, a rib
or two, some portion of the abdomen, and
the outlines of the swelling shoulders and
li.ps, in the ashes. Her funeral pile was
u a public place, a few yards from the
house, in full view of every passer-by.
A quarter of a mile —even less—distant
was a dense wood, with many a rocky
hollow and gorge, suited for concealment.
Tuesday they were arrested, and made
! frantic efforts to retain their rifle, appa
rently regarding it as sacred. The same
day the whole of the survivors were seen
busy about the old man, James, their
hands and fingers in his mouth, calling
out, “Lord have mercy! sptt it up!” He
submitted quietly to tbe rest. That day,
too, while a visitor asked them what had
become of Sally, Jane said : "The devil Is
in the fire yonder; we killed him last
night.” Tie old man, who was uncon
cernedly stopping up the hole iu the door,
said : “ This is all the old woman's work ;
she has scattered witch truck over us.”
That day, too, Nimrod asked why he was
going barefooted in the wiuler, and what
had become of his shoes, answered: “I>on’t
tempt me! I have sold them to Peter for
tbe price of two souls.”
They were taken to Taylorsville, Ant’er
sou county, and confined in jail, where,
a few nights afterwards, they ali occupy
ing the cage, a room grated with iron ou
the top and sides, the sons killed the
mother by choking her. All thatis known
of ibis last is, that Eli. being questioned
as to it, said : “When I got awake she
was dead.”
Indictments were fouud against James
and bis sous for the murder of Sally, and
against the sons for the murder of Jane.
Intense excitement in the community
followed these developments, and the
venue was changed toa neighboring coun
ty for trial. The trial resulted in the ae«
quital of all the prisoners, it having beeu
shown to the satisfaction of tbe jury that
they were of unsouud miud.
THE COMING MAN.
John Chiiiamnii iu \merlr%—Kaptd InQui of (lie
lVlemi»U to the Pacific.
The Metropolitan Record thus speaks
of the Chinese laborers, wbo are flocking
to tiiis couutry iu great numbers:
The Mongolians ate coming to stay.
They are also coming to work. For that
matter, indeed, we are told that betweeu
forty aud fifty thousand of them are al
ready hard at work ou und along the line
of the great Pacific Railroad. The mining
districts of California swariu with them,
and the universal testimony as regards
their industry, enterprise aud peaceable
dispositions, is altogether in their favor.
We havespokeu of the multiplication of
tho Cbiuese ou the Pacific. From San Die
go to Sitka, aud back to Montana, Idaho,
Nevada, Arisoua, and throughout all that
continuous stretch of country of which San
Francisco is the commercial centre, we ure
told, they are everywhere to be found.
Every town and hamlet has its “China
towu.” Their industry is most remarka
ble. Mining, dollies-washing and kiu
ured occupations were the first branches
of industry iu which they engaged; but of
late years there lias been a great increase
in tiie variety of their employments. In
the construction of the Sau Jose Railroad,
iu 1869, it was discovered tiiat they were
cheap and effective road builders; the Mis
siou aud Pioneer Woolen Mills found that
they made first-class factory operatives,
amt now they are rapidly obtaining em
ployment wherever patient manual labor,
without any great amount of brain work,
is requisite Large numbers are engaged
as servants in families, lintels, etc., taking
the place of girls mi chamber work and
cooking, in which they become very ex
pert. A large proportion of the immigra
tion consists of boys from ten to sixteen
years of age, wbo are immediately put out
to service in families, where they soon
pick up a knowledge of the language aud
of household duties.
In fact, ttie Chinese are rapidly monop
olizing employment in all tiie lighter
branches of industry usually allotted to
women, sucli as running sewing ma
chines, making paper bags and boxes,
binding shoes, labelling aud packing med
icines, etc. They are willing and anxious
to learn auythiug and everything that
may prove of pecuniary value to them,
and in spile of the difficulties which their
total or partial ignoiance of the language
imposes, their patience and imitative lac
ulties enable them to learn to work with
surprising facility ; and close observers of
tbeir habits do uot hesitate to say lliut
there is not any manual trade in which
they could not become workers iu a rea
sonable time.
t’liese strangers are said to become
Americanized —so to speak —very rapidly.
They learn to buy and sell, to labor, ac
cording to American modes, just as they
discard tbe umbrella-shaped hat, wide
drawers, and thick papershoes for tbe felt
hat, pantaloons amt boots ; but they re
tain all their essential habits aud modesof
thought just as they retain their cues.
Tbe Chinaman running a sewing ma
chine, driving a sand cart, or tiring an en
gine in California, is just as essentially a
Chinaman as his brottier who, on the
other side of the Pacific, is working in
the same way, ami with tbe same imple
ments as bis fathers worked a thousand
years. Much has Keen said of his im
morality, ami especially of his proneuess
to lie and cheat; but if lie can beat tiie
Yankee Puritan in that line of business,
lie must, indeed, tie a bad fellow. Our
own impression is, that bis infirmities iu
that respect have Keen exaggerated.
“THE INFAMOUS SHIUIT OF CASTE.”
11 is a truism to say that tbe white peo
pleof the South ale fully us kindly dis
posed towards the freed ineu as are tbe
Northern whites. If the Southern whites
do not choose to adopt tiie extreme social
equality or miscegenation doctrines of tiie
more advanced Radicals, no more do tiie
Republicans of tiie North. That “hea
thenish and infamous spirit of caste,”
which the American Anti slavery Society
denounced the other day, is practiced at
tiie Nor.li to an extent that could not be
more than matched at the South. Teste,
the African Methodist Conference at New
burgh. N. Y. Forty colored clergymen
attended tiiat conference last week, and
were “quartered among the colored people
of Newburgh,” at the expense of tiie
white people of the place.” Newburgh is
a city witii a Radical majority, and there
was a chance for the advocates of complete
social equality, if such there were, to have
risen superior to the “heathenish aud in
famous spirit of caste,” aud welcomed the
forty colored clergymen to their hearths
and tables. But no! While they are will
ing to pay for the board and lodging of
their dusky brethren, they do so so only
on condition tiiat the beueficiaries shall
quarter in tiie bumble homes of tiie
Newburgh blacks. To have made that
distinction, as the Newburgh whites did,
proves tiiat the caste question was upper
most in their minds. Yet it is not un
likely that some of the good people who
so illustrated the.r feelings of unconge
niality towards the negro, are of tiie num
ber who are perpetually abusing tiie South
ern whites for their “prejudice” against
the freedmeu. — Journal of Commerce.
Breakers Ahead.—We are nearly at
the end of our tether in this career of debt
and extravagance. Now, when the sup
ply of bonds available for exportation is
getting exhausted, Mr. Boutwellcoinesiu
to the market as a purchaser of bonds, at
the rate of fifty two millions a year. He
thus arrests the ebbing exportation, sends
up the price of gold, and spreads anxiety
and alarm through business circles by
raising the inquiry how we are hereafter
to meet the claims ofourforeigu creditors.
When the exportation of bonds stops,
what are we tosend abroad? The semi
annual interest can then be no longer paid
by the exportation of bonds. Then will
have come thegloomy dawning of payday. j
The interest ou the exported bonds will
have to be paid in something. Our im
portations of foreign goods will have to be
paid in something. When the bonds, i
having risen to par, are returned upon our
market and sold, we must send back their
value in something. What will that some- j
thing tie? (iold, whileour market stock
of gold lasts; but that will be soon ex
hau-ted.
W hat then ? What then ?
We submit the question to thoughtful
meu who have sufficient discernment of
the signs in the sky to forecast the coming
storm. We submit it to the crazy tarilf
meu and inflationists who have rendered
it impossible that we should manufacture
anything to export. We submit it to the
revengeful Radical destructives who have
kept the South disorganized these four
years, and prevented the flow of capital
into that section to revive the cultivation
of its great staples, which are our chief
articles of export. With regard to this
process of paying foreign deb's by the ex
portation of bonds, we are manifestly near
“the beginning of the end.”
What then ? What then ?
[New York World.
VOL. LXL, NO- 1-
PRO*l*«£C TH OK COTTOV.
The price am) pros|>eets of this great
staple (says the Boston Journal) are of in
terest to every merchant ami manufaetu
rer. The Northern States of this Union
consume yearly a million of bales, worth
at present rates one hundred ami twenty
live million dollars. The price of cotton
affects the value of dry goods, and the cost
of other manufactures. The value of cot
ton determines the ability of the South to
pay for our productions, and it contributes
more thin a third of our exports and of
our mean a of paying for foreign goods.
Its purchase calls annually for our green
backs. Its shipment cheapens exchange.
Under every aspect it Interests the uier
cautile cum mu lity.
Two years since England underto >k to
break down prices, and the planter and
spinner acquiesced for the purpose of re
moving tile cotton tax. The price fell to
fourteeu ceuts a pound, and the planter
realized less than twelve—less than the
cost of production alter payment of tho
tax. (Some profits were made by the fac
tors, hut cotton went abroad, through tho
cotton season, at the low average >i twenty
ceuts a pound, as low as fifteen in the early
part of the season, as high as twenty seven
after the planters had sold lheir crops.
The price was too low to ooutintie, for
most of tile negro women had left the field,
and at the lowest point we ventured to
predict a rise to twenty-four cents a p mud.
Last year, again, the season w is lavora
hie. Cotton came in early ou the Missis
sippi aud its tributaries, and the price
went back to twenty-two ceuls. Again
we ventured to predict a rise to twenty
eight cents, and this has been iiie ruling
price of the season, and stocks which
formerly rose to a million of hales in Liv
erpool have fallen to about three hundred
and sixty thousand. The reasons are now
obvious; the great decline in the fall of
1667 checked production both in America
asd Asia. In 16(37 the plautei raised little
corn, ami the price for his cotton did not
suffice to pay for the food and tools lie re
quired, and last year he devoted thirty
per cent of Ins land to breadstutls and
some to peas or sweet potatoes, and but six
and a half million acres to cotton, while
the culture of rice aud sugar was also in
creased.
The rivers of the Southwest were high
during ttie fall, and under improved prio« s
cotton came into New Orleans much
earlier than tlie year before, and stocks
accumulated, but at other ports there somt
appeared a deficit. The breadth of laud
given to cotton was found to be ten per
cent, less than it was in lsi>7. The re
ceipts gradually declined, and now it ap
pears that ttie amount received to date is
less than it was to this date last year.
Meanwhile the English have held hack,
and the stock in European nulls lias de
clined and the export lias been less in
quantity than it was to this period I isl
year, while stocks show a uioderatcexc ss.
The price lias now risen to twenty eight
cents, equivalent to twenty-one cents in
gold, Which checks production of clnili,
and the manufacture abroad is checked by
tiie consequent loss of profits.
White cotton has risen, wool lias fallen
in value in Europe. We have cut off tho
wool of Australiaaml h i Plata and thrown
it upon England and Belgium until liio
fine Mestiza wool has gone down to six
teen cents, and comes more or less in
competition with cotton. Woolen goods
are sold cheap, ami ttie sale of c dlon
fabrics is affected. The rise of cotton, ton,
lias given anew stimulus to cotton plant
ing, both at the South and India, and a
new road, tlie Han Panto, has been carried
iuto the elevated districts of Brazil more
favorable t> cotton than coffee, winch is
now less than cotton per pound in value.
Last year tiie rise of prices in the spring
and summer gave a start to cotton, which
had been depressed so much by tiie tall
that the income of the rail ways in India
was affected ; but now, under the impulse
given by the rise, a large crop lias been
raised, which comes to market from Feb
ruary to July, aud will rcaeli Europe be
tween June and November. The ship
ments from India since February are
fifteen per cent, above those of 18(36.
This yeur wo may expect increas and
crops of cotton, rice ami sugar, and I
-at tiie South. We may reasonably
anticipate a diversion of at least a milh n
of acres from corn to cotton, ami an n
- use of guano and oilier fertilizers.
With a good season, we may expeci a crop
of three million of bales, in place of three
million six hundred thousand bales, tho
average before the war. We might have
more, were it not for tiie fact Unit tho
negro women have in great parlahamlom-d
tiie plow, and a strong force is devoted to
rice and cotton. With a favorable sen on,
we may hope not only for three million
hales of cotton, but also for eighty thou
sand tierces of rice, and more than two
hundred thousand hogsheads of sugar.
How will it tie with prices? Last year,
although the crops were less than before
ttie war, the aggregate sums realized from
rice, cotton aud sugar at Die South, afu r
conversion into gold, exceeded the returns
of 1 S(3O, during tiie palmy days ol slavery.
Til is year, what may we expect witli in
creased production ? There may he some
decline in rice, as tiie crop may exceed
our local wants, and is now too high for
export; hut in sugar of which we consume
thirteen hundred million pounds, our
crop will not supply a fifth of our con
sumption, aud the revolt in Cuba must
sustain prices.
How will it be with cotton ? Tiie stocks
must i e light, nearly exhausted by July,
and this must, for tile present, tend to
susti in prices, but by the autumn may we
not well anticipate an accession of three
hundred thousand bales from tiie inert as-
ed growth in India ami Brazil, and at
least half a million hales from our South
ern States? In the face ol light storks
and a growing consumption in this coun
try and on the Continent of Europe, an
accession of eight hundred thousand In'
might not seriously depress prices, but
there is anew element to be taken into
account, the promised completion of the
Suez Canal in October. T his will icciii •
the passage to France, Spain and l-,n .-
land, by propellers through the canal, in
place of ships by the Cape, at lea-t four
months. May we not rtasouatdy expect
the cotton of Bombay to take this route,
and will not the elfi-ct be to accelerate the
delivery of India Cotton to the manufac
turer, at least four months, and a ill not
tnie be equivalent to adding lor the hot
year one third to the deliveries from In
dia, aay six hundred thousand bales? An
accession of fourteen bundled thou-aml
bales must, of course, depress prices. If
our anticipations are r< atized, we shall be
gin to feel the effect of tiie increase by
Novemtier, and may well exp el to -<e
cotton decline below twenty-two cents by
the close of the year, and take at le;.sl a
twelve-month to recover.
We do not look for the prices of 1800—
they cannot well be anticipated • but the
coming winter will subject cotton to anew
ordeal.
An Immense Peach Orchard. V
correspondent of the New York Express
writes from a village called Ridgeway,
midway between Wilmington am! W el
don, and gives the follow)ng description of
the largest peach orchard we have heard of:
But the great feallire of the pictiir■ • i- a
peach orchard of 250,000 trees, occupying
2,500 acres of land. An idea of its no -
nitude may, perhapq he better show n by
the statement that if the acres were in a
row, they would extend to the distance "f
100 miles, and if the trees themselve-, w ere
in a row, would extend to tlie distance of
1000 miles.
In the season forgathering, atonlv one
basket per tree per day, there mu-t been
the ground every day, a supply of 2-Vi,ood
baskets. As the peaches pulled t<> 'iy 'ire
to t»e in New York to morrow—for this
can be—it is easy to conceive the arm,} of
gatherers necessary to fill the -.isket- n: *.
place them upon thecars. A n 1 < '• r P rl "' !
such as this requires no small capital and
energy. It is in capable hand'- and will,
probably, be a succe-s. Ihe parties have
secured, I am informer!, a contract .or
I transportation for twenty years. ae
peaches can reach Norfolk in ess i.iu
: six hours from th<* place <» 8
■ by 10 a. M., and be disposed of in New
! York the next day.
1 dpatit ok a Distinguished Char
tfstoman Dr. James Moultrie, grand
son of Genera! Moultrie, of revolutionary
,ijed in Charleston on Saturday
Whv '°9 aged 77 years. He was a very emi
nent physician, and for thirty thre-years
Professor of Physiology in the Charleston
Medical College