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' | j'" Y >!■■!■ |»i I m .... J W. & W. S. JONES. MONDAY MORNING, SEPTEMBERS. Georgia Rail l-toatl. We are requested to state that the passenger trains will commence their regular trips on this road between Aususla and Atlanta—its western terminus—on Monday next, 15 h inst. Fare §7—distance 173 miles. Freights for Atlanta will be received at the Augusta depot, at any time after the lOr h instant. Third Ward. At a meeting ol the Whigs of the Third Ward, held at the Globe Hotel, on Saturday evening, 6th inst, the following gentlemen were appointed delegates to the Convention to nominate candidates to represent this county in ihenext legislature: W. E Evans, Samuel Hardeman, John Finn, W. E. Jackson, The Policy and the Party. A writer in the Helicon under the signature of “Grain-grower,” is telling the people some home truths in a very plain way, which can be relied upon with the utmost confidence, as they can be fully sustained by the records. We copy the following, and commend it to the read er’s attention: “In 1840, the Whigs had majorities in both branches of the Legislature. They had to en counter extraordinary difficulties. An empty Treasury is always oppressive and dangerous to the interests of the party in power, because it induces taxation upon the people or neglect of duty to the Stale. But, superadded to this diffi culty, the Whigs had to struggle with all the dele:erious consequences of Democratic rule. Let facts speak a language which all can un derstand. In 1839, the circulation of the Cen tral Bank was but 5'86 ; 933. When the Legis lature of 1840 assembled, it was more than Fif teen Hundred Thousand Dollars. In one single year, the circulation of the Bank had increased nearly eighteen times what it ought to have been if the true interests of the people had been con sulted. The people were injured, not benefifled by this policy; and if they have not already be come universally satisfied ofthc fact, they will unanimously acknowledge it when they shall be —as they will be —called upon to pay (by taxa tion) for these liberal Democralic-demagugue ical indulgences! “Butin the midst of this alarming state of the public interests—when madness itself could hardly plead excuse for such an error—Gov. McDonald recommended to the Legislature to pawn the honor and credit of the State for mil lions more, for the purpose of loaning to the "people through the Central Bank! What a pre cious specimen ol demagogneism to humbug the people! Let us sec how it worked. The Democratic party in the Legislature, to their everlastingshame, voted to sustain the measure In’4l, they went before the people with Gov McDonald’s recommendation in their hands, shaped to suit their purposes, and, with the aid of the sugar and coffee insurrection, they once more elected their Governor. They went forth with the cry of ‘ McDonald and Re lief,’ and with their clamors against the ‘odious Whig tax,’ they carried the Legislature,— They made a feint to redeem their pledges to the people, bv passing a bill to reduce the ‘ odious whig tax’2o per cent., and Gov. McDonald faintly vetoed it. So the ‘ odious whig lax’ was continued, in defiance and violation of their pledges, bv these lovers per se of the dear people! “Th is Legislature of 184! repealed so much of the Act of 1840 as forbid the Central Bank to m >ke further loans; authorised it to flood the country with shinplasters and ordered it to re here the people immediately. Alas, vain call! the galvanized giant could not respond to the demand. “ In 1842, the Democrats again had large ma jorities in both branches ol the Legislature. The sugar and coffee insurrection had served Us turn—the wolf cry ot Relief! Relief! had grown stale—the ‘odious whig tax of 1840 was begin ning to be suspected of being a sound, judicious political measure! “Under such circumstances they met—these shame-faced demagogues—and, hanging their heads under an oppressive consciousness of power unjustifiable gained and unworthily re fined, they already trembled over the certainty of their downfall. They had basely deceived the people by false lights or under cover ofdark ness, but now the bright Ir minary of Truth had dawned in the midst or their iniquities. Now they could have cried lor ‘Relief!’ for them selves—but the wolf cry stuck in their throats! All felt the necessity of doing something to save an injured country; but many ol those who had been most clamorous about ‘whig taxes’ and ‘relief,’ shrunk back aghast at the bare sug gestion of taxing the people —the dear people! But something had to be done. They implored the wings—the same whigs who had imposed the odious whig tax of 1840—to come to their 'ffeliell’ They added twenty-five per cent, to the‘odious whig tax’ ol 1810, and called upon the whigs to come forward and consecrate their feluctant sacrifice upon the altar ol their com mon country. What a strange, and, to them, tt'hat a humiliating spectacle ! The whigs en gtafted a proviso upon the lax bill, to the effect 'hat its proceeds should not be used to bolster up 'he Central Bank—the nobler part of the demu r|ats accepted it, and the bill was passed. “Central Bank money was then at 30 to 40 P er cent discount. These patriots had done lllu ch, all things considered, for the advantage m the State, and they very patriotically concln ed 'hut their extraordinary patriotism deserved extra reward. So they increased their men to make up the depreciation in Central Bank bills!! “ In the midst ol the dilemma in which its J miserable policy had placed the Democratic party, it sought foranolher hobby, another hum bug, by means ot which they might divert pub lic attention from their past misconduct. To this end, believing R.ail Roads generally to have grown into disfavor with the people, U ey sin gled out the Western and Atlantic Road for their victim. “Having summed up their labors by adding twenty-five per cent, to the ‘Whig Tax,’ and in creasing their own pay twelve and a half per cent., the Democratic Legislature of 1842 dis persed to their homes, apprehensively to await the judgment of a humbugged constituency.” From the N. O. Bee of the 2 d inst. Mexico. The schooner Juaquina, Captain Gomez, ar rived yesterday morning trom Tampico, bring ing dates from the city ot Mexico, to the 12th ult. Captain G reports that it was generally believed at Tampico that General Herrera —the present Executive —had been elected President. It was moreover currently rumored, that there were 1500 Mexican troops on their march from the interior to join Paredes, and that these with the 2,000 already under the command of that General, would constitute an effective force of 3 500 men, with which he contemplated a de scent upon Galveston by the northern route, while General Arista was to attack Gen’l Tay lor at Corpus Christi. We give this statement as we received it, having strong doubts of its being any thing more than the usual vain glo rious bluster of the Mexicans. Bv some accident we received no papers by 'his arrival, and therefore transcribe the sub joined intelligence from last evening’s Courier: We find in the Diario del Gobierno of the 12th, that the cabinet was dissolved and the ministers dismissed, except Jose Marta Orlcz Monasterio, Secretary for Foreign Affairs, of government and police. The dissolution of the cabinet wasannounced on the 4th, to the Congress, by a message from die President ad interim, as follows: Ministry of Foreign Ass airs, &c. Gentlemen His Excellency, the President ad interim, requests me to communicate to you, that notwithstanding the talents, the patriotism and integrity of those who, in ttie present diffi culties, have the honor to administer the depart ments —viz; Luis G. Cuevas, Mariano Riva Palacio, Luis de la l.’osa and Pedro Garcia Comic, he lias, with regret, found himself com pelled to accept their resignation. Until a new ministry can be formed, it is proper that a pro visional ministry be formed in order that the public affairs may not suffer. His Excellency therefore confers the offices ol ministers of jus tice and of war upon .lose Maria Duran and Juan Luis de Leon, and upon me, besides that I now administer, the office of minister of fi nance. JOSE MARIA O. MONASTERIO. August 11th. In the same paper ol the 12th there is a com munication trom the same minister thanking those who had resigned, for the ability with which they had discharged their duties. The new ministry was rot formed at the last dales, nor will it be done before the inaugura tion of the new President, and who that would ho was not yet km vvn. In th p Diario ot the 12;h are two proclama tions of Gen. Arista; one addressed to the peo ple of the departments ol Coahnila, Nuevo Leon and 'J amaulipas, calling them to arms; the other, U' the troops under his command to ex ■ ite their mania, ardor. The last isso curious that we shall publish it entire: “Comrades! The Supreme Government has sent to me by express the news that the United States, in pursuance of their ambitious views, having taken possession of the Department ot Texas, he bad demanded a declaration of war from the Congress against that unjust nation. “ The time is come to fight. We must pre pare with the ardor inspired by duly and patriot ism. when an attack is made upon the soil, the honor and the pride of the nation. “ I am sure, comrades, that those presump tions Americans wifi be greatly disappointed when they find that our soldiers are not so con temptihle as they thought, and that they cannot conquer them. “ I address you under the influence of a lively enthusiasm. All fanciful doubt is vanished; the question is decided; and we are about to commence the most righteous war that we ever waged Laurels await us! To arms! It is the only means ot avenging our honor, insulted by a nation that boasts of its liberality and civi lization. “ Arms are the only arguments to use against banditti and men without good faith. Let us hope for that justice which is Invoked by all so ciety and the decision of the civilized world. “Our lot will be envied by the rest of the army—we are nearest the theatre ot war—we are the first to avenge the outrages on our coun try, and to ravish from the usurpers the object of their rapine. “ Large bodies of troops are on their march — they will soon be here to share our dangers and repulse the enemy. “The veterans ot the north have given proofs ot their valor and constancy—they are accus tomed to conquer this presumptuous race. 1 know your worth, and how dearly you love to serve your country. It is tor this that lam pleased to command you and to lead you to the combat, in which your comrade and best friend will be proud to follow your example. “MARIANO ARISTA.” The Albany Argus mentions the following fact to illustrate the benefits of the late Geologi cal survey of that State, in an economical point of view:— “One single fact established by that survey, is worth more than the whole cost—and that fact concerns, not what we do possess, (though there are facts enough illustrating that point,) but what we do not possess. It is computed, on sound authority, that half a million ot do] lurs were formerly squandered in useless re searches lor coal, in the valley ot the Hudson alone. The Geological Survey demonstales that coot cannot be found in this State—the near est approach to the coal measures being south ward of our boundary, in Pennsylvania. Some selt-opinioned people, deceived by the aspect of the Utica slate and Marcellos skales, &c., would not be convinced ot the truth, till they qnandered some lime and money in fruitless explorations: but where is the sensible man, who now disputes the assertions of the Geolo gist upon t* is subject? _ Electricity.— A lemon tree has been made to produce several crops of perteet fruit in quick succession bv ll • nss ot the galvanic battery. Wash for the Hair.— The American Farm er says a joz. oil of burgamot put in a quart of uncolored N.E rum, well shaken together in a Mass vessel, and applied twice a day, is one ot 'he best washes ever applied to the human hair, and prevents its falling out. AUGUSTA, GA., TUESDAY MORNING, SEPTEMBER 9, 1845. LATEST FROM ENGLAND. STEAMSHIP CALEDONIA. From the New York Herald, 4th inst. Fifteen Days Later from Europe. The steamship Caledonia arrived at Boston yesterday morning at 6 o’clock. She left Liv erpool on the 19th ult., and we are in possession of advices to her day of sailing. We received the news by the enterprising ex press agents, Adams & Co,, brought by the wav of Hartford to this city, in the steamboat New Champion. The amount ot specie in the Bank of England is no less than £16,000,000, an unusually large quantity. On this account the bank refuses to purchasetheChinese instalment of $2,000,000 in silver, and it will be publicly sold. Mr. McLane has delivered his credentials to the GLueen, and Mr. Everett his letters of recall. The American ambassador was anxious to en ter upon the object of his mission instanter, but as Lord Aberdeen had arranged to accompany the GLueen to Germany, the commencement of negotiations was postponed. Her majesty, it will be seen, has had a glorious reception on the continent, A London paper, in the Pal merston ian interest, says—“ The visit of the GLueen to the Rhine has given rise to a world of jealousies and mistrusts— has made courts anxious and diplomatists busy. The probability of a war between the United Stales and Mexico had caused a decline of nearly 2 per cent, in Mexican bonds. The stocks of British goods on hand, general ly are stared to be slight. Parliament was prorogued on the 9th of Au gust, by the GLueen in person. During its ses sion, it sanctioned the construction of 2000 miles of new railways in England and Scotland, and 560 miles in Ireland. The capital authorized to be raised in shares lor this mirpose amounts to £31,680,000, exclusive 0f£6,800,000 required for the Irish lines, making in all .£38,480,000. Sir Robert Peel gave assurance that he con templated change in the principle of the existing corn laws. Wilmer’s News Letter says“ Ministers have acted with great vigor and promptitude in Ireland by dismissing Mr. Watson from the de puty lieutenancy ol a county for attending an Change meeting and publicly recommending the re-establishment of a society under the ban ot the law. They seemed deletmined to ad minister even-handed justice to Orangemen and Repealers. The great Orange meeting held at Enniskillen, on Tuesday, was a failure, and the Repeal agitation is falling away in interest and revenue. 10,000 persons were present. The Q,ueen’s Visit to Germany. Her Majesty has at length set out upon her long projected visit to the continent, after having dismissed the peers and the representatives ot the people from their arduous labors during a protracted session to the employment of a wel come recess. The royal cortege left Buciriugham palace shortly after four o’clock on Saturday afternoon, and, passing through Pimlico and Vauxhall bridge, proceeded at a rapid rate towards Wool wich, where the Royal yatch and her consort, the Black Eagle, lay in icadiness to convey the royal party to Atwerp. Her Majesty stepped on board at twenty minutes past five o’clock, and the royal yatch bavins let go her moorings, dropped gallantly down the river, amidst the roaring of cannon, followed by the Black Eagle and Porquepine Government steamers. They remained at Sea Beach during the night, weighed anchor on Sunday morning, pass ed through the Nore at hail past lour o’clock, and were seen 30 miles above Flushing about four o’clock on Sunday afternoon, and arrived off - Antwerp about a quarter to six on Sunday evening, amidst the customary salutes, and the royal party, were immediately visited by the authorities, but did not land that night. Her Majesty had a very rough passage, and the rain (ell so heavily as in a great measure to prevent her Imm being on deck during the voyage. Immeriiatelv on her arrival her Majesty des patched letters announcing it to the King of the Belgians and the King of Prussia. T h e next morning about a q larter to seven the GLueen and Prince Alben came on shore, amidst a royal salute and the cheering of the crew of the yatch and on the three other steam ers (who manned the yards) as well as of the spectators on shore. Both her Majesty and his Royal Highness looked remarkably well. The roval visitors and their suite proceeded in car riages down the Canal au Beurre, the Vielle Marche an Bie, the Place Ferte, and the Meir, to the railway, station, and where the royal train, (a magnificent one) was waiting to convey them to Malines, the central point of the Bel gian Railway, and the one selected for the in terview between GLueen Victoria and their Bel gian Majesties. The King and GLueen of the Belgians, accompanied by their Royal High nesses* the Duke of Brabant and the Court ot Flanders, awaited the arrival ot their august visiters in the large sitting-room ol the station. France. The King and Royal Family are at the Cha teau d’Eu, where the Princess of Saxe Coburg Gotha has been safely delivered of a son. A declaration of war by Mexico against the United States is the great point discussed by the Paris papers. La Pressc regards that act as a puerile demonstration, calculates upon the sup port of Mexico by Great Britain, and reporq mends that Prance observe the strictest neu trality. The other opposition prints discuss the matter much in the same strain. Markets. Liverpool, Augusts. Colton —In the early part of the week the market was dull and heavy, but ihe experience of fine weather dur ing the lasi two days has induced a renewal of confi dence and a more aclive demand, the extreme prices of Friday last having been to-day readily obtained for all descriptions of cotton. The sales amount 'o 3ft 960 bales, of which 7*700 American and 700 Pernams have been taken on speculation, and 3.20 U American and 500 Pernams for export The committee’s quotations for fair co'lon remains as last week, viz: Bowed 4gd, Mo bile 4gd, and Orleans 4gd lb. August 15—Cotton has been in fair demand Ihe past week, and American description* are partially Jd per lb dearer than on Ft iday lasi ; in other kinds no change can be noticed The sales of the week amount to 41,990 bales of which 8400 American have been taken on speculation, and 93UU do. for export. The commit tee's quotations to day for fair cotton are as follows, viz : Bowed 4Jd, Mobile 4jfd, and Orleans 5d per lb. August 18 —Since Friday there has been only a mn deiate business done, but Ihe lok of the market is firm, and prices are steady On Satit-day the sales amount ed to 6000. and today to 4000 bile*. Os the business done to-day, 300 were Pernams, (600 for export.) 6J !• 150 Egyptians, 6j to 6Jd ; A)9 Surat,sJJ to3id. We have been shown the coin found in a black fish taken a short distance trom the light house, a lev/ days ago. On one side is the figure of a head, with these words around it— fii : vvillh : iii no. V. fruessen —and underneath —letten. It appears tube a Prussian Grosh —and is worth about nine mills. The reader must satisfy himself, it he can, as to how it got A into the fish’* belly N*w London News. h rom the National Intelligencer, CAPTAIN FREMONT’S REPORT. SECOND EXPEDITION. We have derived much satisfaction and in formation from au attentive perusal ot the nar- ! rative of the second expedition ot this enterpri sing and talented young officer. Our opinion respecting Capt. Fremont's peculiar fitness fur the position he was placed in has been already expressed. The manner in which he conducted i this second expedition, amidst scenes of difficul- j ty and danger tar exceeding those which attend- i edthe former one; the highly satisfactory way in which he has discharged all the duties and accomplished all the purposes contemplated; and the successful issue to his perilous under taking achieved by his courage, his skill, his sound judgment, and, we will add, his humani ty, his correct sense ol moral obligation and love of right, entitle him to the highest praise. Capt. Fremont departed on his second expe dition from the little town of Kansas, on the Missouri frontier, on the 29th of May, 1843. His party consisted principally of Creole and Canadian French, and Americans—amounting in all to thirty-nine men ; among whom were several of those who had accompanied him on a former lour. Mr. Thomas Fitzpatrick was selected as the guide, a"d Mr, Charles Preuss was associated with the expedition in the same capacity as before. The parly were armed ge nerally with Hall’s cat bines, and were furnished with a brass twelve-pound howitzer. The camp equipage and provisions were transported in twelve carts, each drawn by two mules, and a light covered wagon, mounted on springs, con veyed the instruments. “To make the exploration as useful as possi ble, 1 determined,” says Capt. Fremont, “in conformity with my general instructions, to vary the route to the Rocky Mountains from that followed in the year 1843. The route then was up the valley of the Great Platte river to the South Pass, in north latitude 42°; the route now determined on was up the valley ofthc Kansas river, and to the head of the Arkansas, ami to some pass in the mountains, it any could be found, at the sources of that river.” “By making this deviation from the former route, the problem of a new road to Oregon in a climate mote genial, might be solved, and a better knowledge obtained ofan impeltant river and the country it drained, while the great ob ject of the expedition would find its point of commencement at the termination of the former, which was that great gate in the ridge of Ihe Rockv Mountains called the South Pass, and on the lofty peak of the mountain which over looks it, deemed the highest peak in the ridge and from the opposite sides of which four great rivers take their rise, and How to the Pacific or Mississippi.” The route appears to have been lot many days through a pleasant and level country, in tersected with numerous streams, in general well timbered on their margin with ash, elm, cotton-wood, and very large oak. This agreea ble slate of things did not, however, long con tinue; for, the narrative says; “Shortly after leaving ourencampmenlon the 26th June, we found suddenly that the nature of the country had entirely changed. Bare sanH hills everywhere surrounded us in the undula ting ground along which we were moving, and the plants peculiar toa sandy soil made theirap pcarance in abundance.” The Fourth of Julv was spent at St. Vrain’s Fori, in latitude 40° 16 in . 52 sec. north, and longitude west 105° 12 m. 23 sec. The parly were iu the neighborhood ol Pike’s peak on the 11th of July. We are told respect ing the country through which they were now travelling, that— “ With occasional exceptions, comparatively so very small as not to require mention, these prairies are everywhere covered with a close and vigorous growth of a great variety of gras ses, among which the most abundant is the buf falo grass da/Jyhulcs ) Between the Platte and Arkansas rivers, that part ot this re gion which forms the basin drained by the wa ters ot the Kansas, with which our operations made us more particularly acquainted is based upon a formation of calcareous rocks. The soil of all this country is excellent, admirably adapted to agricultural purposes, and would support a large agricultural and pastoral popu lation. A glance at the map accompanying ibis report, along our several lines of travel will show you that this plain is watered by many streams. Throughout the western hall of the plain these are shallow, witfi sandy beds becoming deeper as they reach the richer lands approaching the Missouri river; thev generally have bottom lands, bordered by bluffs varying trom fifty to five hundred feet in height. In all this region the timber is entirely confined to the streams. In the eastern half, where the soil is a deep, rich, vegetable mould, retentive of rain and moisture, it is ot vigorous growth and of many different kinds; and throughout the west ern half it consists entirely of various species of cotton-wood, which deserves to he called the tree of the desert—growing in sandy soils where no other tree will grow ; pointing out the exis tence of water, and funds' ing to the traveller fuel, and food for his animals.” On the 17th July, Captain Fremont visited the celebrated Springs, from which the Boiling Springs’ River takes its name, and gives the fol lowing graphic sketch of their locality: “Leaving the camp to follow slowly, I rode ahead in the afternoon in search of the springs. In the mean time, the clouds, which had been gathered all the afternoon over the mountains, began to roll down their sides ; and a storm so violent burst upon me, that it appeared I had entered the slorehouse of the thunder storms. I continued, however, to ride along up the river until about sunset, and was beginning tube doubtful of finding the springs before the next flay, when I came suddently upon a large smooth rock, about twenty yards in diameter, where the water from several springs was bub bling and boiling up in the midst of a while in crustalion with which it had covered a poition of the rock. As this did not correspond with a description given me by the hunters, 1 did not stop to taste the water; hut, dismounting, walk cd a little way up the river, and passing through a narrow thicket of shrubbery bordering the stream, stepped directly upon a huge white rock, at the foot ol which the river, already be come a torrent, foamed along, broken by ? small fall A deer which had been drinking at the spring wasslartled by my approach, and springing across the river, bounded off up the mountain. In the upper part of the rock, which t had apparently been formed by deposition, was a beautiful white basin overhung by current | bashes, in which the cold clear water bubbled I up, kept in constant motion by the escaping gas, and overflowing the rock, which it had almost j entirely covered with a smooth crust ot glisten- I ing white. I had all day refrained from drink ing, reserving nryselt tor the spring; and as I could not well be more wet than the rain had already made me, I lay down by the side ol the basin, and drank heartily of the delightful wa ter - _ The annexed sketch is only a rude one, but it will enable you to form some idea of the i character of the scenery and the beauty of this i spot, immediately at the loot of lofly mountains, ! beautifully limbered, which sweep closely | round, shutting up ihe little valley in a kind of cove. As it was beginning to grow dark, 1 rode quickly down the river, on which I found the camp a few miles below. “The morning ot the 18th was beautiful and clear, and, all the people being anxious to drink of these famous waters, we encamped imme diately at the springs, and spent there a very pleasant day. On the opposite side ol the river is another locality of springs, which are entirely ot the same nature. The water has a very agreeable taste, which Mr. Preuss found very much to resemble that ot the famous Seller springs in the grand duchy of Nassau.” July 20.—The narrative stales; “Wc con tinued our march up the stream, along a green sloping bottom, between pine hills on the one hand, and the main Black hills on the other, to wards the ridge which separates the waters of the Platte from those of the Arkansas. As we approached the dividing ridge, the whole valley was radiant with Mowers; blue, yellow, pink, white, scarlet, and purple, vied with each other in splendor. Esparcelle was one ol the highly characteristic plants, and a bright-looking flow er (gaillardia anstata) was very frequent; but the most abundant plant along our road to-day was geranium macnla/um, which is the char acteristic plant on this portion of the dividing grounds. Crossing to the waters of the Platte, fields ol blue flax added to ihe magnificence ot this mountain garden; this was occasionally four feet in height, which was a luxuriance of growth that I rarely raw this almost universal plant attain throughout the journey.” The parly were on the 2d of August on a fork of the Laramie river, in latitude 41 deg. 45 min 59 sec. and longitude 106 deg. 47 min. 25 sec. “At this place (says Capt. F.) I became first acquainted with the yampah, {atielhum graveo lens,) which I found our Snake woman en gaged in digging in the low timbered bottom ot the creek. Among the Indians along the Rocky Mountains, and more particularly among the Shoshonee, orSnake Indians, in whose territory it is rery abundant, this is considered the best among the roots used for food. To us, it was au interesting plant—a little link between the savage and civilized life. Mere, among the Indians, its toot is a common article of food, which they take pleasure in offering to strangers; while with us, in a considerable portion of America and Europe, the seeds are used to flavor soup, ll grows more abundant ly, and in greater luxuriance, on one ot the neighboring tributaries of the Colorado than in any other part ot this region; and on that stream, to which the Snakes are accustomed to resort every year to procure a supply of their favorite plant, they have bestowed the name of Yampah river. Among the trappers it is gene rallv known as Little Snake river.” “In the afternoon we took our way directly across the spurs from the point of the mountain, where we had several ridges to cross; and al though the road was not rendered had by the na ture ol the ground, it was made extremely rough by the stiff’ tough bushes of arlemisia Iridentala, in this country commonly called sage, “This shrub now began to make its appear ance in compact fields; and we were about to quit for a long time this country of excellent nasturage and brill if- n t flowers. Ten or twelve buffalo bulls were seen during the afternoon; and wc were surprised by the appearance of a Large red ox. We gathered around him as it he had been an old acquaintance, with all our do mestic feelings as much awakened as it we had "ome in sight of an old farm house. He had nrobably made his escape from some party o' : on Green river; and, with a vivid re •nemhrance of some old green field, he was pur suing the slraightest course for the frontier tba> 'he country admitted. We carried him alone with us a prize; and when it was found in the morning that he had wandered off. I would not 'et him be pursued, for I would rather have gone 'hrough a starving time of three entire days, 'hau let him be killed alter lie hid successfully run the gauntlet so far among the Indians. I have been told b} Mr. Bent’s people of an ox Horn and raised at St. Vrain’s fort, which made his escape from them at Elm grove, near the frontier, having come in that year with the wagons. They were on their way out, and saw occasionally places where he had eaten and lain down to rest; but did not see him for about 700 miles, when they overtook him on the road, 'ravelling along to the fort, having unaccounta bly escaped Indians and everv other mischance,” On the north fork of the Platte; “In the precipitous bluffs were displayed a succession ol strata containing fossil vegetable emains, and several beds of coal. In some of 'he beds the coal did not appear to be perfectly mineralized; and in some of the seams it was compact and remarkably lustrous. In these lat er places there were also thin layers of a very fine white salts, in powder.” On the 13th of August the expedition look its way along the upland, towards the dividing ridge which separates the Atlantic from the Pa citie waters, and crossed it by a road some miles further south than the one wc had followed on >ur return in 1842. Wc crossed very near the table mountain, at the southern extremity of the South Pa*s, which is near twenty miles in width, and already traversed by several differen l roads. Selecting as well as 1 could, in the scarcely distinguishable ascent, what might be considered the dividing ridge in this remarkable lepression in the mountain, I look a barometri cal observation, which gave 7 490 feet tor the elevation above the Gull ol Mexico. You will remember that in my report of 1842 T estimated the elevation of this pass at about 7.000 feel; a correct observation with a good barometer ena Lies me to give it now with more precision. Its importance, as the great gate through which commerce and travelling may hereafter pass bt ' ween the valley ot the Mississippi and the north Pacific, justifies a precise notice of its locality and distance from leading points, in addition to 'Lis statement of its elevation. As staled in the report ot 1843. its latitude at the point where we crossed is 42 u 24'32"; its longitude 109° 26'00”; its distance from the mouth of the Kansas, bv the common travelling route, 962 miles; from •he mouth of the Great Platte, along the valley of that river, according to our survey of 1842. 882 miles; and its distance from St. Louisabou' 100 miles more by the Kansas, and about 700 by the Great Platte route; these additions being steamboat conveyance in both instances. From his pass to the mouth ol the Oregon is about I 400 miles by the common travelling route; so hat, under a general point of view, it may be issumed to be about half way between the Mis ■issippi anil the Pacific ocean, on the common 'ravelling route. Following a hollow of sligh' and easy descent, in which was very soon formed VOL. IX—-NO. 107. a 1 ittle tributary to the Gulf ol California, (lor the waters which flow west from the South Passgoto thisguit;) we made our usual halt four miles trom the pass, in latitude by observation 42® 19' 53". Entering here the vailey of Green river— the great Colorado of the West—and inclining very much to the southward along the streams which form the Sandy river, the road led for several days over dry and level uninteresting plains; to which a low, scrubby growth of ar temisa gave a uniform dull grayish color; and on the evening of the 15th we encamped in the Mexican territory, on the left bank of Green river, 69 miles trom the South P#ss, in longi tude 1 u 53' 54", dis tant 1,031 miles from the mouth of the Kansas. This is the emigrant road to Oregon, which bears much to the southward, to avoid the moun tains about the western heads of Green river— the Rio Verde ol the Spaniards.” CO M MERCI A I*. New Orleans, September 1. We have been visited with almost daily showers throughout the week, and ihe health of the city continues good. The river continues to fall slowly, and is now 12£ feet below high water mark. Cotton —Arrived since the 22d ult. ot Louisiana and Mississippi 5271 bales, Mobile 10; together 5281 bales, of which 5214 bales are new crop. Cleared in the same time for New York 512, Boston 64 ; together 576 bales— making an addition to slock of 4705 bales, and leaving on hand, inclusive of all on ship hoard not cleared on the 30th ultimo a stock of 7556 bales. Our last report left the Colton market in a quiet slate, with the prices apparently tending in favor of buyers, which wo attributed in some tnepsure to the difficulty of effecting shipments. On Tuesday we re ceived advices from Havre to the 2d and from Liverpool to the sth ultimo, brought by the steampacket Hiber nia at Boston Our own market, as we have already staled, seemed to be tending in favox of buyers previous to receipt ot the above advices, and as they were not calculated to assist it in any degree, a gord deal of hea viness and in egularily have prevailed, buyers gener ally obtaining the advantage in the limited transac tions that have taken place. The sales since the 22d ultimo amount to about 1800 bales, nearly the whole being new crop, taken mostly for England and the North, present prices, it is said, being too high lor the limits of Flench orders. The demand, also, has been almost exclusively confined to the fair to fine qualities. As t egards prices the market is so unsettled at the mo ment that it is quite impossible to quote with strict accuracy, though as an approximation to correctness we venture to give the following figures—say for good middling (which is about the lowest grade of the new crop yet received, so far as we can understand) t<* mid dling fair 7j- fa) 7|, fair BJ(© is}, good fair S| (a) 94, good and fine (a) cents lb The tendency of the mar ket, however, seems to be still downward, as there are but few buyers disposed to opeiate at present prices, and increasing receipts and declining exchanges exer cise a depressing influence. Borne small parcels of old crop have been disposed of at (a) G| cents, and the whole quantity now left on the marketonly amounts to about 300 to 400 bales, consisting principally of low Tennessee®, which are dull at the moment. STATEMENT OT COTTON.' Stock, on hand Ist Sept., 1844, bales 12934 Arrived since the22d ultimo 5281 Arrived previously 973957 Total receipts for 12 months 979238 992172 Exported since 22d ultimo 570 Exported previously -....9&1040 Total exports for 12 months 984616 Stock on hand Ist Sept. 1845—ba1e5..............7550 Comparative Statement of the Receipts of cotton from the Ist Sept, in each year to dates , and also the Stocks on hand at fie following places at the dates annexed. Rec’d since Sept. I. Stock on hand. Places. 1844. 1543. 1845. 1844. N. Orleans, Aug. 31.,954285 850342 7556 12934 Vlobile, Aug. 26 515743 407820 438 3920 Savannah. Aug. 21...303347 243028 3273 2000 Charleston, Aug. 22. .426362 301473 16015 12046 Florida. Aug. 18 187769 145249 656 £-00 Virginia, Aug. 1 22151 13800 1900 2500 \. Carolina, Aug, 2.. 1-2265 8575 12C0 700 NcwYork, Aug. 19 44200 79600 Other Por ts, Aug. 16 1413 6433 Total, bales 2417512 2030287 77251 122933 Total to dates in’43 2030287 122933 Increase this year. ~£67525 Decrease.. .45682 in stock. D 3“ We have taken frem N Orleans the amounts received from Mobile and Flcrida. Also, from Charles ton the receipts from Savannah—and from Mobile the receipts from Florida. Sugar, Louisiana —There has been a moderate busi ness doing in the Sugar market during the past week, and the total sales since out list amount to about 500 hhds, the greater part merely changing hands, and mostly in two lots, of which 110 were disposed of at 7 cents, and 150 at a price not made public. Besides these about 200 hhds Common are going on ship-board •or the North, which will leave the stock now remain ing in the State about 2500 hhds. The extreme rates for lots on the Levee may be quoted at 6(a) 7\ cents, the lat ter price being for small lots of strictly prime. The eceipls on the Levee since Ist Sept, have been 93.288 hhds. Exported in same time 104,501 hhds and 10,661 barrels. Molasses —Some arrivals this week have given the market a better supply, but there is very little demand, and the transactions are mostly of a retail character, at a range of 24 id) 27cents 3F gallon,according t quality, condition of barrels, <fcc. The receipts on fgr Levee since Ist Sept have been 105,935 barrels. Exptuts same time 17.094 hhds and 94,415 bbls. Plow —Our quotationsare for Ohio and the common brands of Illinois and Missouri $3 50 fa) 3 75, according to quality; favorite bakers’ brands $4 fa)4 50, the last rate being for one or two choice marks cf the St Louis City Mills. There have also been some sales of sour Flour at $3 2F bbl. The present stock is fully 25,000 barrels, while last year at the same time the quantity on hand did not exceed 1000 bbls of sweet and 4000 sour. The total receipts since Ist Sept, last ale 533,312 bbls. Exports same time 279,137 bbls. Bacon —The light stocks, and the high prices for Pork enable holders to maintain very full rates for Bacon, and we quote for uncanvasscd Hams 8 fa) 8J cents, can vassed do and extra cured 8 fa) 11, Sides 8 (a) Bs, Should ers 7 (a) 7J cents lb. The total receipts since Ist Sept, last are 21,250 casks and 350,000 pounds in bulk. Exports in the same time 11.882 casks. Bugging <s' Bale Rope— For a long time past we have ueen under the necessity of reporting an exceed ingly dull market for these ai tides, with constantly ac cumulating stocks, and under these depressing influ ences holdsis were compelled to submit to a decline, as noticed in our last. Since then the market has re mained inactive, and we repeat former quotations, which are lor low hand loom to power loom Bagging 10i fa? 11|, and for some few extra brands ot the latter 1 cash, or with interest added on short time. Rope 3$ (a) sc, according to quality, terms. &c., the sales be ing mostly at a lange ol 4f fa) 4|o. The total receipts since Ist September last are 111,324 pieces Bagging and 67.000 coils Rope, and we have ascertained the present stocks to be in round numbers 25,000 piece* Bagging and 24.000 coils Rope, against 13.500 pieces Bagging and 28.000 coils Rope same time last year. iVhiskey —The market has remained dull throughout the past "week, but light arrivals have caused rather more firmness in prices, and wc now quote Rectified at 20 (a) 20J, a considerable portion of the slock being held at 21c gallon. There is very little Common in market, and occasional small sales are made at 23c gallon. The total Receipts since Ist are 97,651 bbls: Exports same time 32.360 bbls. Exchange— A continued limited demand, and a ma terial increase in the amount of bills offering have pro duced a decline in the rates for all descriptions except Francs. We now quote for Sterling 9\ (a) 9| cent prem Francs Ot 25 (a) 5f 27£. New York 60 day bills J ia) I ](:' cent discount, do sight par (a) i cent ptem. Boston 60 days } la) I cent discount, sightparfa)s IF cent. Baltimore ana Philadelphia 60 days | (d) I cent dis. freights—Swtce our last report two American skips have been engaged for Liverpool, at 9-16 d for Colton and 37s 6d for Tobacco, and we understand that these ates are now refused. A ship has also been taken for London to load with Tobacco, the greater part of her cargo engaged at 37s 6d, and filling up at 40s Advanc ed rates arc generally asked to coastwise ports, there have been several arrivals the past week, and the sup ply of vessels is on the increase. Maoon, September 4. Cation— The entire receipts for ihe season, from the first of Sept. 1844 to Ist -Sept. 1845—are.. 134,644 bales. Slock on hand at this time •.*••••• '’rnr The receipts since last report are, in July Jlv “ in August . ol» The largest amount ot Colton ever received before in this market, was ihe crop of 1839, which amounted 'o 113.000 bales. It is also to be recollected, (hat since ihat lime, most of the cotton is packed in square bales, which will probably average one third more than they did at that tune. This shows an increase i:i our re ceipts (counting it by bales) of 21,644 bales. New Colton is coming in. in small quantities, say from 30 to 40 bags a day. The market of course is not -etiled, and our quotations must be taken as merely nominal —the cotton that has been brought to market, -ells from wagons at from C® 7i cents. •)ur market is well supplied with bagging aud oth*« Staple article*. uaaat