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JW.xW. S. JONES. AUGUSTA, GA., THURSDAY MORNING, SEPTEMBER 11, 1845. VOL.S3NO. 108.
WEDNESDAY MORNING, SEPT. 10
A Confession. —One of the organs of the De
mocracy, which is endorsed by itie Wasliington
Journal, makes the following extraordinary con
fessions :
“Graduates of Colleges are in nearly nine
ca c es out of ten Whigs. So natural is it for
them to cast their political fortunes with that
party-that we have frequently been surprised at
the result of our own observation of the fact,
while unable to account for it. As incredible
as it may seem, we never yet have been ac
quainted with a Presbyterian clergyman who
was a Democrat. They have been Whigs uni
versally; and it is well known that, nearly or
quite all of the clergymen of that denomination
are graduates of Colleges. Observation‘ will
also demonstrate the fact that a large majority
of our professional men of all classes are of the
same political caste, particularly of those who
have been run through those machines for
making young aristocrats.”
These are, to our mind, confessions no less
novel (coming from a Democrat) than true, and
they afford a theme for much reflection to every
class of the community. "W e have been wont
to believe that the more enlightened and better
educated anv community may become, the more
certain would a majority.of them be Whigs,
but this is the first time that we have known a
Democratic organ so frank as to make the ac
knowledgement, an acknowledgement which
most certainly is the strongest that could be
made in condemnation of the principles and
measures of the Democratic party.
Apart from the admission that the great ma
jority of educated men in this country are
Whigs, there is infused into this brief para
graph a spirit, which strikes at the very founda
tion of all well regulated society, which has for
its ultimate object, the arraying in hostile posi
tions one class of the community again- 1 an
other. We. refer to llie disposition so itcqiiently
evinced by the democratic leaders and organs,
lor the last twelve years, to excite the prejudices
of the poor against the tich not al-mc against
the rich, but against all classes ol men who do
not obtain a livelihood by severe manual labor.
Such a disposition, wherever or by whom mani
fested, should receive the severest censure from
every patriotic citizen in the land.
Foreign Paupers.— On more than one oc
casion have we transferred to our columns ar
cles showing the gross impositions, not to say
frauds, practised upon the American people by
those in England and on the Continent of Eu
rope, who have charge of the pauper popula
tion. The following paragraph from a Roches
ter, New York, paper, exposes another recent
instance of the practice, which is doubtless in
creasing annually, the frequent recurrence of
which should, we think, attract the attention of
the authorities in this country, and suggest a re
medy against such indignity. For, however
earnestly we may invite, by our liberal princi
ples and laws, and however cordially we may
welcome the hardy, industrious sons of the old
world to our shores to enjoy with us the bless
ings of our free institutions, we can but regard
it a gross indignity and injury to become the re
cipients of their pauper population, by such a
systematic arrangement of the authorities as is
disclosed in the paragraph alluded to. It is
tine that in this section of the Union we are in
little danger of being taxed at any early day to
any considerable extent, but if our government
tolerates the policy, the evil will become one of
magnitude, and as it is a subject that interests
all classes of society in every section of the
Union, it should be made a common cause.
Bui to the paragraph, here it is:
“Two families of Engli-h emigrants, con
taining 1G persons, came to the city of Roches
ter a few weeks since, and made application tor
assistance to the County Snpcrintendants of the
Poor. They testifie-1, on their examination,
that they had been supported by their parish in
Wiltshire, England ; and they were sent at the
expense of said parish to New York, where,
on landing, a sovereign was given to each grown
person, and half that sum to each of the chil
dren. The captain of the vessel paid sl7to the
city. They'succeeded in reaching this place,
when they found themselves out of money.
The Superimendants ot the Poor were compel
led to expend sl7 to forward them to their place
ot destination which must be paid bv the farm
ersandworking men of Monroe county.”
Southern vs. Northern Flour. —We find '
die (oliowing novel comparison of Southern |
and Northern flour in the Tuscaloosa Monitor, \
the result of which, if true, presents a question |
tor philosophical investigation :
Alabama f'tour. —A very intelligent gentle- I
man ol this city, at ihe request of another, fur
nishes ihe following statement:
Having heard it said that Alabama Flour
yielded more bread than the Northern or West
ern, I requested Messrs. L. and H. (bakers of
(his city) to give particular attention to the
(act. Early in June last, being supplied with a
good article ot Cincinnati flour, also with flour
from new wheat manufactured at Col. McAdo
ry’t mill in Jefferson county, Ala., they report
ed, that having done so, tpey lour d the gain
about twenty per cent, in tavoß.of McAdory’s.
There was then tried in my family, the follow
ing experiment: two loaves were made, each
containing 2{ lbs. flour, the one ol Alabama,
and the other of Cincinnati. They were baked
at the same time, and, when co -I, were careful
ly weighed. The result was—
Ala. 2(, wt of loaf 3j, gain 1(, or 55 percent.
Gin. 2j, “ “ 3lb “ j, or 33
Gain of Alabama over Cincinnati, 22 “
This appears extraordinary; but as my expe
riment only verifies the statement of L and H.,
' ( p el confidence in its correctness ; and should
■nfer that our hot and dry climate produces a
harder wheat than the North,— containing a
larger proportion of gluten ;—hence richer, and
more valuable to tl ie baker.
Cannon for California. —The St. Louis
Reporter, of the 27th ultimo, say.s:—“’A brass
cannon, weighing 3GO lbs., was cast on Mon
oav, at the JEtna Foundry, in this city, for a
p’'| P on V of California emigrants. President
“Ik must wake up if he does not wish to see
Mexico and California settled be emigrants,
etore the war with Mexico shall have been
xairly commenced.”
The Villager of the 23d till.—a paper pub-I
lished at Marksv ille, parish of Avoyelles, La. I
—says; “ The fever is raging through all parts I
of our parish, we are afraid, it the weather con
tinues as hot as it has been for this week past,
to see it become epidemic. The heat is so in
tense that onr ponds are drying up; at Old
River fishes may be seen floating by thousands
and the stench, on its banks, is intolerable. The
thermometer has been for the last five or six
days from OS to 100 deg.
Later from Mexico.
The New Orleans Tropic ol the 4th insl.says:
We have received the following important
letter from our attentive and intelligent Pensa
cola correspondent. It appears from this, that
Herrera is elected President of -Mexico, that Al
monte is in his new cabinet, and that there will
be no declaration of war. The pretended- re
conquest of Texas, we look upon as one of the
feints to appease wounded honor, and ultimately
to open the way to peaceful negotiations for an
adjustment of all difficulties pending • between
the two Governments.
There is a report in town, said to have been
received at one ot the offices here, that President
Herrera has been authorised to declare war
against this country, and to raise an army of
30,000 men, and that 15,000 are already on their
march towards Texas. This report is said to
be based on despatches for our Government, re
ceived I»v the Saratoga. We feel bound, such
is the public excitement caused by the circula
tion of this report, to pronounce it, in our
opinion, a mere rumor without foundation. It
it were true, our correspondent, who is a man of
close observation—whose means of knowing
are unquestionable, and who dales his postscript
the morning subsequent to Ihe Saratoga’s arri
val, would assuredly have so advised us. But,
to show that it-is without foundation, we stele
that Gen. Gaines, as we are informed at this
moment of writing (half past 8, Wednesday eve
ning,) has received no authentic information
looking in the least like a declaration of war;
Correspondence, of the Tropic.
Pensacola, August ol„ 1815.
I have just returned to this place from Arca
dia, and hasten to give you the latest intelliger ce
respecting oursquadron. You must have beard
ore this, that the Porpoise and John Ada us have
gone out to relieve the St. Lawrence and Sara
toga, which are hourly expected here. What
ever may be the flying rumors about our ships
and the high state of the war-fever in New Or
leans, depend upon it, the Commodore here
knows better about matters in general, than you
do in the Crescent City. I know, from almost
authentic sources, that the whole squadron will
not go out lor the present. There being abso
lutely no necessity to expose actually the ships
to a dangerous cruize in the Gulf during the
hurricane months, or their crews, which are now
in tip-top health, to the yellow fever and other
diseases attendant upon an anchorage - at Sacri
ficios or oil Vera Cruz. Commodore Connor
has determined to keep always two men of war
cruizing off the Mexican and Texan coasts, re
lieving them occasionally, which will secure a
con-lant communication with Gen. Tavlur and
himself here. In the event of a declaration of
war, ora manileslation of any hostilities on the
part of Mexico, he will sail directly for Vera
Cruz with the full squadron and bombard SI.
Juan dc UUoaond the city. Such a’re presumed
to be his views, by the knowing ones here, and
they seem to have met the approbation of Gov
ernment. Commodore Connor is acknow.edged
to be an officer ot great promptitude, whet re
quired, and in such cases as the present com
municates his views to no one, unless in readi
ness for action.
Before closing, 1 must inform you that I had
the pleasure of being one of a party which visi
ted the squadron, at the Navy Yard, a few days
ago The Princeton is indeed a fine ship, and
is every bit what she has been cracked up to be.
tier officers, as well as those ol the Potomac and
St. Mary, received us very kindly. We also
visited the steamship Mississippi, and took a
good look at her formidable battery. 1 cannot
say, however, that we were treated very polite
on board of her; in fact, 1 expected more cour
tesy, on the part of our very gallant officers.
The Griffon (French brig of war) lias just put
under sail, it is supposed for Vera Cruz.
Respectfully yours, V.
P. S.— Sept. Ist.—The Saratoga, with sick
ness on board, arrived here last night, thirteen
davs from Vera Cruz. Herrera, the present
acting President, has been elected President of
Mexico, and Almonte, the late - Minister to
Washington, is Minister either of Finance or
War—the first most probably. Mexico does
not intend to declare war against this .country,
but will exert its utmost endeavors to reconquer
Texas. So, there will be the field of battle.
Correspondence, of the Bee. '
Pensacola, Sept. Ist, 1845,
Messrs. Editors —The U. S. sloop-of-war
Saratoga arrived here at a late hour yesterday
in fifteen clays from Vera Cruz, where she re
mained nearly a week at anchor—salutes were
exchanged with the authorities at that place.
The only news, which I have been enabled to
i glean, is that Gen. Herrera has been elected
j President—a new cabinet has been organized
| with Gen. Almonte, late M inister to the United
| Slates as I understand at its head, Congress has
! adjourned without making a formal declaration
jot war against this country. Resolutions how
j ever were adopted, to borrow fifteen millions of
j dollars for the purpose ol carrying on the war for
the re-conquest, of Texas. Uis also among the
“on nits” that a large number ol troops from
the interior are matching to ihe barks of the
Rio Grande—the old story.
It is sincerely hoped that the Government of
Mexico will not be mad enough to invade Tex
j as, nor tc declare war against the United States;
for if they had neither the courage nor the means
j to recover a lost province, during a period of ten
years, they can hope for little in a struggle with
a country <4 twenty millions of people, and with
exhaustless resources.
The men who direct the pit die affairs of
Mexico, betray an extent of folly, not to be ex
pected even from unfledged statesmen.
Great excitement exists at Warsaw, Ky., on
account of the arrest of four counterfeiters, sup
posed to belong to a very extensive gang. It is
said that some of the wealthiest and most influ
ential citizens were connected with it; that a
branch ol it exists in Lawrenceburgh, and may
be in Cincinnati, and another up the Wabash,
and that the prisoners threaten awful disclosures.
One ol them made his escape. The other three
were required tp find bail in $12,000 each.
Steamboat Lost. —W< learn from Capt.
Van Houten, of the steamer Harry of the West,
which arrived yesterday, that the Little Pike,
from St. Louis for this nnrt, struck a snagar
the foot of “Island No. 63,” on the morningoi
the 29th, and sunk to her cabin floor. Boat a
total loss. A portion ofthe cargo, consisting ol
lead,will probably be saved. The Harryof the
West passed down a few hours alter the acci
dent and took off her passengers, and brought
them to the ciiy.—iV. O, Tropk. i
■ CAPTAIN FREMONT’S REPORT.
SECOND EXPEDITION. —Continued.
The rapid and wasteful destruction of the
buffalo in these western wildernesses has often
been alluded to and lamented by travellers, yet
the subject is of so much importance that we
cannot omit Capt. Fremont’s very sensible ob
servations upon it. On August 30, in latitude
42° 14 min. 22 sec. and longitude (about) 112:
“A number ol Indians came to visit us, and
several men were senl.to the village with goods,
tobacco, knives, cloth, vermilion, and the usual
trinkets, to exchange for provisions. But they
had no game of any kind ; and it was difficult
t<> obtain any roots from them, as they were
miserably po’or, and had but little to spare from
their winter stock of provisions. Several of the
Indians drew asi ’e their blankets, showing rne
their lean and bony figures; and I would not any
longer tempt them with a display of our mer
chandise to part with their wretched subsistence,
when they gave as a reason that it would expose
them to ts mporary starvation. A great portion
ofthe region inhabited by this nation formerly
abounded in game; the buffalo ranging about
in -herds, as we had found them on the eastern
waters, and the plain dolled with scattered hands
of antelope; but so rapidly have they disappear
ed within a few years, that now, as we jour
neyed along, an occasional buffalo skull and a
few wild antelope were all that remained ofthe
abundance that had covered the country’ with
animal life.
“The extraordinary rapidity with which (lie
buffalo is disappearing from our territories will
not appear surprising when we remember ihe
great scale on which their destruction is yearly
carried on. With inconsiderable exceptions,
the business ot the American trading posts is
carried on in their skins; every year the Indian
villages make new lodges, forwhich the skin ol
the buffalo furnishes the material; and in that
portion of the country where they are still found,
the Indians derive their entire support from
them, and slaughter ihetn with thoughtless and
abominable extravagance. Like the Indians
themselves, they have been a characteristic of
the Great West; and as, like them, they are
visibly diminishing, it will be interesting to
throw a glance backward through the last twen
ty yeats, and give some account of their former
distribution through the country, and the limit
of their western range,
“ The information is derived principally from
Mr, Fitzpafrick, supported by my own personal
knowledge and acquaintance with the country.
Our knowledge does not go larther back than
the spring of 1824, at which lime the buffalo
were spread in immense numbers over the Green
river and Bear river valleys, and through all the
country lying between the Colorado or Green
river of the Gulf of California, and Lewis’s
fork of the Columbia river; the meridian ol Fort
Hall then forming the western limit of their
range. The buffalo then remained lor many
years in that country, and frequently moved
down the valley ol the Columbia, on both sides
ofthe river, as far as the Tis/ng Tails. Below'
this point they never descended in any numbers.
About theyear 1834 or 1835 they began to di
minish very rapidly, and continued to decrease
until 1838 or 1840, when With the country we
have just described, they entirely abandoned all
the waters of the Pacific north of Lewis’s fork
of the Columbia. At that time the Flathead
Indians were in the habit of finding their buffa
loon the headset Salmon river, andotherstreams
ofthe Columbia; bm now they never meet with
them farther west than the three forks of the
Missouri or the plains of the Yellowstone river.
“In the course ol our journey it will be re
marked that the buffalo have' not so entirely
abandoned the waters ot the Pacific, in the
Rocky Mountain region south of the Sweet
Water, as in the country nor h ofthe Great
Pass. This partial distribution can only be ac
counted for in the great pastoral beauty of that
country, which bears marks ot having long been
one of 'heir favorite haunts, and bv the (act that
the while hunters have more frequented the
northern than thesomhern region—it being north
of the South Pass that the hunters, trappers, and
traders, have had their rendezvous for many
years past; and from that section also the great
er portion ofthe heaver and rich furs were ta
ken, although always the most dangerous as
well as the most profitable hunting ground.
“In that region lying between the Green or
Colorado river and the head waters of the Rio
del Norte, over the Yampah, Kooynh, WnHe?.m\
Grand rivers—ail of which are the waters of
the Colorado—the buffalo never extended so far
to the westward as they did on the waters ofthe
Columbia; and only in one or two instances
have they beenknown to descend as far
•vest as the mouth of the White river. In
travelling through the country west ofthe Rocky
Moutains, observation readily Jed me to. the
impression that the buffalo had crossed that
range to the waters of the Pacific only a few
years prior to the period we are considering;
and in this opinion 1 am sustained by Mr. Fitz
patrick, and the older trappers in that country.
In the region west of the Rocky Mountains, we
never meet with any one of the ancient vestiges
which, throughout all the country lying upon
their eastern waters, are found in the great
highways, continuous for hundreds of miles,
always several inches and sometimes several
feet in depth, which the buffalo have made in
crossing from one river to another, or in tra
versing the mountain ranges The Snake In
dians, more particularly those low down upon
Lewis’s fork, have always been very grateful to
the American trappers, for the great kindness (as
they frequently expressed it) which they did to
them, in driving the buffalo so low down the
Columbia river.
“The extraordinary abundance of the buffalo
on the cast side of the Rocky Mountains,- and
their extraordinary diminution, will be made
c early evident from the following statement.
At any time between the years 1824 and 1836,
a traveller might start from any given point
south or north in the Rocky Mountain range,
journeying by the most direct route to the Mis
souri river; and, during the whole distance, his
road would be always among large bands of
buffalo, which would never be out of his view
until he arrived almost within sight of tic abode
ot civilization.
“At this lime, the buffalo occupy but a very
limited space, principally along the eastern base
ofthe Rockv Mountains, sometimes extending
at their southern extremity to a considerable
distance into the plains between the Platte and
Arkansas rivers, and along the eastern frontier
of New Mexico as far south as Texas.
“ The following statement, which T owe to
the-kindness of Mr. Sanford, a partner in the
American Fur Company, will further illustrate
this subject, by extensive knowledge acquired
during several years of travel through the re
gion inhabited by the buffalo:
‘“The total amount of robes annually traded
bv ourselves and others will not he found to dif
fer much from the following statement:
Rohes.
American Fur Company 70 000
Hndson’s Bay Company 10,000
All other companies, probably 10 000
if Making a total of, 90,000
as an average annual return for the last eight
or ten years.
‘“ln the northwest the Hudson’s Bay Com
pany purchase from the Indians but a very small
number—their only market being Canada, to
which the cost of transportation nearly equals
the produce of the furs; and it is only within a
very recent period that they have received buf
falo robes in trade, and out of the great number
ot buffalo annually killed throughout the exten
sive regions inhabited by the Camanches and
other kindred tribes, no robes whatever are fur
nished for trade. During only four months of
the year (from November until March) the skins
are good for dressing; those obtained in the re
maining eight months being valueless to tra
ders, and the hides of bulls are never taken oft’
or dressed as robes at any season. Probably-;
not more than one-third of the skins are taken!
(rorn the animals killed, even when they are*
in good season, the labor ol preparing and dress I
ingthc robes being very great, and it is seldom |
thatV. lodge trades more than twenty skins in a
year. It is during the summer months, and in
the early- part of autumn, that the greatest num
ber of buffalo are killed, and yet at this time a
skin is never taken for the purpose ot trade.”
“From these data, which are certainly iimi-
Icd, and decidedly within bounds, the reader is
left to draw his own influence ofthe immense
number annually killed.
“In 1842 1 found the Sioux Indians of the
Upper Platte demonies , as their French traders
expressed it, with the failure ofthe buffalo, and
in the following year large villages from the
Upper Missouri came over to the mountains at
the heads of the Platte in search of them. The
rapidlv progressive failure of their pi Incipal and
almost ihcir on'y means ofsubsistence has cre
ated great alarm among them, and at this time
there are only two modes presented to them by
which they sec a good prospect for escaping
starvation: one of these is to rob the settlements
along Ihe frontier of the States; and the olher
is to form a league between the various tribes
of the Sioux nation, (he Cheyennes, and Ara
pahoes, and make war against the Crow nation,
in older to lake from them their country, which
is now the best buffalo country in the West
This plan they have now in consideration, and
it would probably be a war of extermination,
as the Crows have long been advised of this
stale of affairs, and say that they are perfectly
prepared. These are the best warriors in the
Rocky Mountains, and are now allied with the
Snake Indians; and it is probable that their
combination would extend itself to the Ulahs,
who have long been engaged in war against the
Sioux. It is in this section of country that inv
observation formerly’ led me to recommend the
establishment ol a military post.
“The further course of our narrative will
give fuller and more detailed information of the
present disposition of the buffalo in the country
we visited.”
On September G the party obtained the first
View of the object of their anxious search, the
Great Salt Lake:
“The wafers of the Inland Sea, stretching in
still and solitary grandeur far beyond the limit
ot our vision. It was one ofthe great points of
the exploration ; and, as we looked eagerly over
the lake in the first emolionsol excited pleasure,
I am doubtful if the followers of Ba'bna telt
more enthusiasm when, from the heights ofthe
Andes, they saw for (he first time the great
Western ocean. It was certainly a magnificent
object, and a noble terminus to this part of our
expedition; and to travellers so long shut up
among mountain ranges, a sudden view over
the expanse of silent waters had in it something
sublime. Several large islands raised their
high rockv heads out of the waves; but whether
or not they were timbered was still left to our
imagination, as the distance was too great to
determine if the dark hues upon them were
woodland or naked rock. During the day the
clouds had been gathering black over the moun
tains to the westward, and, while we were
looking, a storm burst down with sullen fury
upon the lake, and entirely hid the islands from
our view. So tar as we could see, along the
shores there was not a solitary tree, and but
little appearance of grass; and on Weber’s fork,
a few miles below our last encampment,’ the
timber was gathered into groves, and then dis
appeared entirely.”
The voyage on the lake and the preliminary
anticipations are thus graphically described:
“ With Mr. Preuss and myself, Carson, Ber
nier, and Basil Lajeuacsse, had been selected
for the boat expedition—the first ever attempted
on this interior sea ; and Badeau, with Derosicr,
and Jacob (the colored .nan) were to be left in
charge of the camp. We were favored with
most delightful weather. To night there was a
brilliant sunset of golden orange and green,
which left the western sky clear and beautifully
pure; but clouds in th 3 cast made me lose an
occultation. The summer frogs were singing
around us, and the evening was very pleasant,
with a temperature of Go° —a night of a more
southern autumn. For our support we had
yampah , the most agreeable flavored of the
roots, seasoned by a small Cat duck, which had
come in the way of Jacob’s rifle. Around our
fire to-night were many speculations on what
to-morrow would bring forth, and in our busy
conjectures we fancied that we should find every
one ofthe large islands a tangled wilderness of
and shrubbery; teeming with game of
every description that the neighboring region
afforded, and which the toot of a while man or
Intiian had never violated. Frequently during
’the day clouds had rested on the summits til
their lofty mountains, and we believed that wc
should find clear streams and springs of fresh
water; and we indulged in anticipations ot the
luxurious repasts with which we were to indem
nify- ourselves for past privations. Neither, in
onr discussions, were the whirlpool and other
mysterious dangers forgotten, which Indian and
hunter’s stories attributed to this unexplored
lake. The men had discovered that, instead of
being strongly sewed, (I'ke that of the preceding
year, which had so triumphantly rode the
canons of the Upper Great Platte,) our present
boat was only- pasted together in a very insecure
manner, the maker having been allowed so
little time jin the construction, that he was
obliged to crowd the labor of two months into
several days. The insecurity of the boat was
sensibly felt by us; and, mingled with the en-I
thusiasra and excitement that we all felt at the
prospect of an undertaking which had never be
fore been accomplished, was a certain impres
sion of danger, sufficient to give a serious char
acter to our conversation. The momentary
view which had been had of the lake the day
before, its! great extent and rugged islands, dim
ly seen amidst the dark waters in the obscurity
of the sudden storm, were well calculated to
heighten the idea of undefined danger with
which the lake was generally associated.
11 September B.—A calm, clear day, with a
sunrise temperature of 41°. In view of our
present enterprise, a part of the equipment of
ihe boat had been made to consist in three air
tight hags, about three feet long, and capable
each of containing five gallons. These had
been filled with water the night before, and were
now placed in the boat, with our blankets and
instruments, consisting ot a sextant, telescope,
spy-glass, thermometer, and barometer,”
“ On September 9 the day was clear and calm;
axsa—MMcsa—fiiM u ——na
; the thermometer at sunrise at 49°. j-ls is usual
i with the trappers on the eve of any enterprise,
our people had made dreams, and theirs hap
pended to be a bad one—one which always pre
ceded rvil—and consequently they looked very
gloomy this morning; but we hurried through
our breakfast in order to make an early start,
and have all the day before us for our adven
ture. Ihe channel in a short distance became
!so shallow that our navigation was at an end,
j being merely a sheet ol soft mud, with a few
inches of water, and sometimes none at all,
forming the low water shore of the lake. All
j this place was absolutely covered with flocks
|°* scream ing plover. We took off our clothes,
I getting overboard, commenced dragging
I the boat—-making by this operation a very cu
: rious trail, and a very disagreeable smelk-in
j stirring up the mud, and we sank above the
| knee at every step. The water here was still
Iresh, with only an insipid and disagreeable
•taste, probably derived from the bed ol let id
mud. Alter proceeding in this way about a mile
we came to a small black ridge on the bottom,
beyond which the water became suddenly salt,
beginning gradually to deepen, and the bottom
was sandy and firm. It was a remarkable divi
sion, separating the fresh water ol the rivers from
tiie briny water of the lake, which was entirely
saturated with common salt. Pushing our lit
tle vessel across the narrow boundary, we
sprang on board, and at. length were afloat on
the waters of the unknown sea.
“We did not steer for the mountainous is
lands, but directed our course towards a lower
one, which was formed like the crater at the
upper end ol Bear river valley. So long as wc
could touch the bottom with our paddles we
were very gay ; but gradually, as the water
deepened, we became more still in our trail
battenu of gum cloth distended with air and with
pasted seams. Although the day was very calm
there was a considerable swell bn the lake; and
there were while patches of foam on the surface,
which were slowly moving to the southward,
indicating the set of a current in that direction,
and recalling the recollection of the whirlpool
stories. The water continued to deepen as we
advanced, the lake becoming almost transpa
rently clear, of an extremely beautiful bright
green, color; and the spray, which was thrown
into the boat and over our clothes, was directly
converted into a crust of common salt, which
covered also our hands and arms. ‘ Captain,’
said Carson, who lor some time had been look
ing suspiciously at some whitening appearances
outside the nearest islands, * what are those
yonder? wont you just take a look with the
glass?’ We ceased paddling lor a moment,
and lound them to be the caps of the waves that
were beginning to break under the lorce of a
strong breeze that was coming up the lake.
The lonn of the boat seemed to be an admira
ble one, and it rode on the waves like a water
bird ; but at the same time it was extremely
slow in its progress. When wc were a little
more than half way across the reach two of the
divisions between the cylinders gave way, and
it required the constant use of the bellows to
keep in a sufficient quantity of air. For a long
time we scarcely seemed to approach our island,
but gradually we worked across the rougher
sea of the open channel into the smoother water
under the lec ol the island; and began to disco
ver that what we took for a long row of peli
cans ranged on the beach were only low cliffs
whitened with salt by the spray of the waves;
and about noon we reached the shore, the trans
parency of the water enabling us to see (he bot
tom ai a considerable depth.
“it was a handsome broad beach rviicre we
1 anded, behind which the hill, into which the
island was gathered, rose somewhat abruptly;
ami a point of rock atone end enclosed it in a
sheltering way; and, as there was an abun
dance of drif t wood along the shore, it offered
us a pleasant encapmeut. We did not suffer
our fragile boat to touch the sharp rocks; but,
getting overboard, discharged the baggage, and,
lilting it gently out of the water, carried it to
the upper part of the beach, which was com
posed of very small fragments of rock.”
“Carrying with us the barometer and other
instruments, in the afternoon we ascended to
the highest point of the island—a bare rocky
peak, eight hundred leet above the lake. Stand
ing on the summit, we enjoyed an extended
view of the lake, enclosed in a basin of rugged
mountains, which sometimes left marshy Tats
and extensive bottoms between them and the
shore, and in other places came directly down
into the water with bold and precipitous bluffs.
Following with our glasses the irregular shores,
we searched for some indications ol a commu
nication with other bodies of water, or the en
trance of othet rivers, but the distance was so
great that we could make out nothing with cer
tainty. To the southward, several peninsular
mountains, three or four thousand feet high,
entered the lake, appearing, solar as the dis
tance and our position enabled us to determine,
to be connected by flats and low ridges with the
mountains in the rear. Although these are
probably the islands usually indicated on maps
of this region as entirely detached from the shore,
we have preferred to represent them, in the
small map, on the preceding page, precisely as
we were enabled to sketch them on the ground,
leaving their more complete delineation for a
future survey. The sketch, ol which the scale
is nearly sixteen miles to an inch, is introduced
only to show clearly the extent of our operations,
which.it will be remembered, were made when
the waters were at their lowest stage. At the
season of high wate-s in the spring, it is proba
ble that all the marshes and low grounds are
ovet flowed, and the suface of the lake consider
ably greater. In several places (which will be
indicated to you in the sketch bv the absence of
the bordering mountains) the view was of un
limited extent—here and there a rocky islet ap
pearing above the water at a great distance;
and beyond, every thing was vague and unde
fined. As we looked over the vast expanse of
water spread out beneath us, and strained our
eves along the silent shores over which hung so
much doubt and uncertainty, and which were
so lull of interest to us, I could hardly repress
the almost irresistible desire to continue our
exploration; but the lengthening snow on the
mountains was a plain indication of the advanc
ing season, and our frail linen boat appeared
so insecure that 1 was unwilling to trust our lives
jto the uncertainties of the lake. I therefore im
| willingly resolved to terminate our survey here,
and remain satisfied (or the present with what
we had been able to add to the unknown geogra
phy of the region. We felt pleasure also in re
membering that we were the first who, in the
traditionary annals ot the country, had visited
the islands, and broken, with the cheerful sound
of human voices, the long solitude ol the place.
From the point where we were standing the
ground fell off on every side to the water, giv
ing us a perfect view ol the island, which is
twelve or thirteen miles in circumference, being
simply a rockv hill, on which there is neither
water nor trees ol any kind.”
“ At sunset, the temperature was 70 deg. We
had arrived just in time to obtain a meridian al
titude of the sun, and other observations were
obtained this evening, which place our camp in
latitude 41 deg. 10 min. 42 sec., and longitude
112 deg 21 min. 05 sec. Irom Greenwich, From
a discussion of the barometrical observations
made during our stay on the shores ol the lake
we h ave adopted 4,200 ft. tor its elevation above
the Gulf of Mexico. In the first disappoint-
■ . ——
1 ment we felt from thedissip^ 1 * 011 . dream
of the fertile islands, I called .*^ s Disappoint
i- menl Island,
“ Out of the drift wood, we made ourselves
; pleasant little lodges, open to the wau* r '. #
i after having kindled large fires to exciu* *“ e
, wonder of any straggling savage on the Ta./S®
- shores, lay down lor the first time in a long jour
? ney in perfect security ; no one thinking about
, his arms. The evening was extremely bright
’ and pleasant; but the wind rose during the
, night, and the waves began to break heavily on
I the shore, making our island tremble. I had
; not expected in our inland journey to hear the
, roar of an ocean surf; and the strangeness of
: our situation, and the excitement we felt in the
• associated interest of the place, made this one
i of the most interesting nights I remember dur
ing our long expedition."
From the Society Islands a letter is published
in the Hartford Times, dated March 15th, which
says that a fight took place between the French
and the Natives, in which the French lost 400
men and the latter 80. The same letter adds
the following intelligence;—
There is row an army of natives, 8,000 strong,
in sight. They are waiting for some move
ments of the English and Americans, when they
will attack the town now in possession of the
French. It is thought that the French, who are
much to be blamed for coming here and star
ving the peaceable natives, driving them from
their towns, will get the worst of it. I was on
shore yesterday, and saw a great many of the
French soldiers who were wounded in the last
battle.
Q.ueen Romaic has left the isle and gone
to another. She restrains the natives of the
other isles for the sake of peace, but they will
soon rebel against her orders; they are strong,
and will assist (heir brethren to rid the islands
of the French usurped authority.
The Brandywine and two English frigates
are daily expected. The French have a frigate
and a steamer here; and the English have one
steamer, but the Frenchmen will not let her de
part, because they will not salute their flag.
They have threatened to fire into her if she did
not. Some music is expected between the Eng
lish and French when an additional English
force arrives.
Singular Phenomenon in the Gulf Stream.
—The U. S. brig Washington, which left this
port some weeks since, as was reported for
the Gulf of Mexico, ivent no further than the
Gulf Stream, where experiments weje made
there by direction of Professor Bache, Supt.
of the Coast Survey. Eflbrts were made to
reach the bottom io the Gulf Stream, but a
line of J 165 fathoms did not reach. At
the depth of 550 fathoms, the temperature of
the water was 44 degrees. These experiments
are to be resumed, and at the next trip, line
enough will be carried to reach the bottom, if
there is any.— Cour. if. Enq.
CO JPIERCI 4L.
New York, September s— r. h
The market shows no marked change to-day, and the
business don* was small Exchanges are very quiet
at 9| fa) 10 for Sterling, and 5.25 for Ftancs, with a good
supply.
Cotton —The late advices from Europe are consider
ed on the whole rather favorable, and although the
sales have been small, piices have undergone a alight
improvement. There is a better selection now on the
market than there has been for some lime past. The
sales of the week reach to 5,850 bales, as follows:
Upland <s‘ Florida. Mobile New Orleans.
Inferior... none none.
Ordinary fa) C| Gi (S 7
Middling 7 (a) 7* 7t (d) 7$
Middling fair 7| (3) 88 8 (a) 8f
Fully fair 8J (d) | 8? 9 (d) 9f
Fine nominal. nominal.
Flour— The market with fair receipts ia steady at
$4 75 for fresh brands Genessee. The demand from
the trade is not very large, but takes about all the re
ceipts of desiiable brands. There have been some or
ders on the market both sot England and the Conti
nent, but the former are generally limited so that they
cannot be executed. There have been about 3300 bbla
taken to-day for shipment, of which 1500 were for Havre
and 500 for Germany. We note sales 500 bbla Troy at
#4 75, and 750 do new Michigan at same rale.
Chal*ston, Sept. 6*
Arrived —C L barque Saranac, Carlton. Boeton; achr
Zephyr, Wood, Havana ; schr Andrew Gray, Jurgens,
Baracoa.
Cleared —Schr VVaccamaw, Vincent, N Orleans.
In the Offing—Sehr Harriet Porter, from Philadel
phia.
Savannah, Sept. 5.
Arrived —Steamer Chatham, Gould, Augusta; steam
er Hamburg, Philpot, Augusta.
Cleared— Steamer Chatham, Gould, Auguste.
Charleston, Sept. 0.
Arrived— U L ship Charleston, Loveland New York ;
M L schr Lady Warrington, Bterens, .Baltimore.
Savannah, Sept. 8.
Cleared —Ship Celia, Thatcher, New York.
WILLIAM BEARING & SONS,
Commission Merchants,
slo-6w* Charleston, S. Carolina.
IN TALIAFERRO Superior Court,
—S ep ten) ber Term, 1845.
LIBEL FOR DIVORCE—Sarah Jones vs.
William Jones.
It appearing to the court, upon the return of
the sheriff, that William Jones, the defendant in
the above case, is not to be found in the county
<>f Taliaferro, it is therefore ordered by the couit:
That service be oerfected on said Jones by pub
lication of this rule once a month for tour months
in the Chronicle and Sentinel, a public gazette
in this state previous to the next term of the
court; and that said defendant be required to
appear and answer in said case, at the said next
term of this court.
[I do hereby certify that the above is a true
extract from the minutes of said court, this Bth
day of September, 1845.]
JOHN T. BRISTOW, Deputy Sheriff:
s!0-lam4m
SCRiVEN County, Georgia:
Whereas, Joseph W. Dicke.y, administrator
on the estate of Joseph Dickey, deceased, applies
to me for letters dismisaory:
These are therefore to cite and admonish, all
and singular, the kindred and creditors of said
deceased, to be and anpear at my office, within
the time prescribed by law, to show cause, if any
they have, why said letters should not be granted.
Given under my hand at office in Jacksonboro,
ALEXANDER KEMP, Clerk.
September 10, 1845.
SCKavEN County, Georgia;
Whereas Mary M. Henderson applies to me
for letters of administration on the estate of Wil
liam M. Henderson, late of said county, de
ceased:
These arc therfore to cite and admonish, all
and singular, the kindred and creditors of said de
ceased to be and appear at my office, within the
time prescribed by law, to show cause,if any they
have, why said letters should not be granted.
Given under my hand at office in Jacksonboro.
ALEXANDER KEMP, Clark.
September 10, 1845. _____
SCRIVEN County, Georgia:
Whereas George R. Woodard applies to me
for letters of administration on the estate of Jo
seph Dell, late of said county, deceased:
These are therefore to cite and admonish, all
and singular, the kindred and creditors of said de
ceased, to be and appear at my office, within the
time prescribed by law, to show cause, if any they
have, why said letters should not be granted.
Given under my hand at office in Jacksonboro.
ALEXANDER KEMP, Clerk.
September 10, 1846.