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informed of ihe designs of the British to
tike possession of the neighboring flights.
They also knew the precise time it was
to be attempted, June IS. Before this
movement was made known, (ten. Gage
thought proper to discharge one more
paper bullet. He accordingly expressed
officially the public sentiment of his ar
my and of the ministry —though not then
that of the British nation at large. Oil
the 12th of June he issued a proclama
tion denouncing the patriot lcadirs as
“ incendiaries and traitors,” the people as
rebels, announcing the existence of mar
tial law, hut graciously offering pardon
To all who would lay down their arms,
hut Samuel Adams and John Hancock.
It was characteristic of all the infatuated
measures of the day—it was silly and
impotent.
On the American side, measures were
adopted of an offensive and defensive
character. The cattle were driven off
the neighboring islands. Steps were ta
ken to cut off all supplies of provisions.
By orJorof Gen. Ward, in May, Charles
town was reconnoitered by Col’s Gridley
and Henshaw, and Richard Devins, who
reported in favor of fortifying, first Pros
pect Hill, then Winter Hill, then Bree J’s
Hill. But the chief control of the mili
tary operations rested with the committee
of safety. This l>ody requested the opin
ion of a council of war as to the meas
ures necessary to lie taken in view of the
prospect of the heights
of Dorchester and Charlestown by the
British, preparatory to a farther penetra
tion into the country. The great point
was, should this British movement be an
ticipated by a corresponding movement
on the part of the provincials? In favor
of the measure it was urged among other
things, that the army was impatient to
meet the enemy—that a similar feeling
existed in the country—that it was of
the first importance to take advantage of
this ardor while it was fresh ; and that if
the British were permitted to fortify tlioni
se' ves in the heights about Boston, they
could not be dislodged. Against antici
pating the British, it was urged that pru
dence demanded that a general engage
ment should be avoided until the army
had become more perfect in discipline;
that it would be sure to bring on such
an engagement; that the cannonade re
quired to be maintained to retain these
posts would he beyond the means of the
provincials, as but eleven barrels of pow
der were at the depot, and but sixty-seven
in all Massachusetts; and that viewed !
on every side, the measure was rash and
impolitic.
In these debates, in the council of war
and committee of safety, it is understood
that Generals Ward and Warren were
of those who opposed the contemplated
movement; and Generals Pomeroy and
Putnam, and Col. Prescott, of those who
favored it. Pomeroy reposed on the skill
of the Americans in the use of the rifle,
and was ready to fight with but five car
tridges to a man. Putnam insisted that
the men were not afraid of their heads,
though they were of their legs; cover
the latter, said he, and they will fight for- J
ever. Prescott dwelt on the bravery of
the people; if driven to a retreat, every !
stone wall would be lined with the dead;
and if surrounded, they would teach nicr
cenary troops what men would do who j
were determined to live or die free.— |
The determination to occupy the penin- i
sula of Charlestown has been termed un- j
wise, if not rash. It was not more rash j
than the resolve of the patriots to brave
(he power of the most powerful kingdom I
of Europe, for an‘abstraction.
Meantime the advices from Boston left J
no doubt of pending action on the part j
of the British. On the 13th of June the
committee of safety passed a resolve re
quiring the army to prepare for action,
and enjoined “ profound secrecy” on its
own members as to its deliberations. On
the 15th the militia of the. colony were
requested to hold themselves in readiness j
to march at a moment’s warning, with i
thirty rounds of cartridges to a man ; and
the people were requested to attend a
meeting on the Lord’s day armed. On
the same day it was voted unanimously,
“that it be recommended to the council
of war,” to take possession of Bunker
Hill. Accordingly the council of war
resolved to occupy the heights of Charles
town without delay. Col. Prescott so
licited the honor of executing this peril
ous work. Gen. Ward, June 10, issued
orders to prepare for an expedition ; on
the evening of that day, Prescott, at the
head of his gallant band, marched from
Cambridge Common, took possession of
Breed’s Hill, and ere the next morning
had dawned, displayed the renowned re
doubt to the astonished eyes of the British.
The space allotted to this article will
not permit a full detail of the thrilling
events of the terrible conflict that ensued.
The morning, on both sides, was spent
in preparation ; the afternoon in battle
and carnage. The British distinctly saw
the provincials gathering their strength
as if for a mighty effort; the Americans
heard as distinctly, the rattling of artille
ry carriages in Boston,-and saw the vari
ous movements of the British troops in
dicating an attack. “Now,” said Pres
cott, “we shall have a fight; we shall
beat them too !” The fight, in due time,
came on. Tile British are driven to
their boats. They rally again with des
perate courage. Again they are forced
to retreat. Better counsels governed them
on the third trial. The officers and men
no longer despised their enemy. A dear
bought victory crowned their last effort.
Such is the outline of this famed battle.
To fill it up with a detail of all the events
that took place would require a volume.
We shall glance at one or two scenes.
About three o’clock in the afternoon the
preparations for defence and attack were
well nigh completed. The eight rods
square redoubt, the breast-work and the
frail rail fence continued all the military
works of the p<it riots. Most of the origi
nal detaclunent, under Col. Prescott,
were at the redoubt and breast-work.
The New Hampshire and Connecticut
troops, under Stark, Reed and Knowlton,
were at the rail fence. General Putnam,
on horseback, was animating the men
wherever he deemed his presence requir
ed. General Pomeroy, glowing with
military ardor, was at the rail fence.
General Warren, to learn the art of war
under a veteran, was in the redoubt. As
the veteran officers—volunteers for this
day—appeared along the lines, they were
received with enthusiastic shouts by the
men. There was no glittering array of |
polished armor—no splendid procession
of gorgeous uniform. The troops were
in homely apparel, and with but little
pretension to military discipline. But
they were full of enthusiasm, firm and de
termined.
At a little distance, in full view, the
long lines of British troops were prepar
ing for the battle. Their scarlet dresses,
the glow of the sun upon their burnished
arms and brazen artillery, the precision
of their movements —all made up a bril
liant and imposing spectacle. A fleet of
armel vessels and floating batteries lay
in the bay, from which, and from the
forts in Boston, a continual cannonade
was kept up. The scene of action was
the middle of an amphitneatre of hills,
second to none in the world for the beau
ty of its position and magnificent scenery.
(hi these hills—on every house and stee
ple of the metropolis, the population of
the country had been collecting, drawn
to the spot by the sound of the cannon.
The season was an uncommonly fine
one, and the spring had clothed the things
of earth in their most beautiful array.—
The day was one of unusual serenity ;
not a cloud obscured the horizon, hardly
a wave ruffled the waters; nature lay in
silence and repose, reflecting from the
harbor below, or the river near, the isl
ands and ships that adorned their surface.
“Splendid panorama! how soon to be
defiled by stains of dust and blood ! Fear
ful ominous silence ! now soon to be bro
ken by shouts of rage and groans of ag
ony !”
An hour passed on. llow changed
the scene ! The cool provincials, a se
cond lime, arc shouting the proud huzza
I of victory ; the brave troops of Howe a
second time are retreating under the mur
derousfireof the Americans—afire which,
j though it mowed down whole ranks to-
I gctlier, they received with astonishing
I fortitude. Then, too, Charlestown was
on fire ! the conflagration was spreading
from house to house, from street to street,
and ascendingthe lofty spire of the church
steeple in a pyramid of flame high over
the rest in awful sublimity. Then the
noise of crackling fires and crashing edi
fices was blended with the shouts, Ihe
shrieks, the groans that make up the
frightful clang of the battlefield. The
wreaths of smoke rolled over the Ameri
can lines to the north, leaving to the de
termined warrior a full view of their fly
ing enemy. And there they stood—that
gallant band—filled with the heroism
that ever supports men when fighting for
their wives, their children, and their
country.
Such is the nature of the scenes of the
first and most important battle of the rev
olution. It was tiie first time that Amer
ican valor encountered British valor in
mortal strife. It opened the eyes of the
defenders of the ministry to the desper
ate struggle before them. Its influence, |
it might be shewn, was felt throughout I
the war that ensued. The victory the |
British gained was a dear-bought one ; I
it cut down a large part of their army. I
Oil the side of the Americans the loss |
was severe, Imt nothing compared to that I
of the British. The valor of Prescott, j
the self-sacrificing bravery of Warren, :
the undaunted courage of Putnam—the
names of Pomeroy, Stark, Knowlton,
McCleary—are all known to every A
merican. Their fame is part of the in
heritance of the past. Let their memory
j tie ever held sacred. And let the name
I of Bunker 1 lill be remembered as long as
freemen thrill to the sound of freemen’s
deeds.
Mr. Kendall, in his last Expositor,
quotes very conspicuously, an article
from a Whig paper, charging Mr. Cal
houn with a settled determination to be
a candidate for the Presidency whether
nominated by the Convention or not
and apjxmds to it the following comment;
“ The imputation is false, will be the
response of Mr. <kilhoun’s friends —and
false we believe it to be. But why should
Mr. Calhoun alone of all the Democratic
aspirants, be subject to such an imputa
tion ?”
The answer to this question might lie
given thus that he is perhaps the only
one of the candidates liable to the charge
of advisedly sacrificing all views of per
sonal ambition to the mere demands of
principle, Mr. Calhoun is a little of vvhat
they stigmatize ns im practicable — he is
not a believer in the infallible wisdom of
party action—and as the Whigs are
bound Ks keep up some sort of warfare
upon all the Democratic leaders, common
discretion teaches them to assail every
man on his weak side. But if Mr. Keii
dall considers those attacks of the Whigs
; of so much moment, it strikes us that he
might find sufficient occupation in ex
plaining why divers other imputations
are so continually showered upon his fa
vorite. In conclusion, we do not pro
nouncethe “ imputation” false deem
ing such an answer to the attack of a po
litical opponent, the most frivolous and
useless that could possibly be given.
The contemptible meanness of the
Whin- Common Counctl of Philadel
phia, in churlishly refusing to extend the
customary civilities which appertain to
their official station, very properly drew
out the simultaneous scorn and con
demnation of every decent and respect
able press in that city.
Sc ;ator YVooJbury’s Speech.
The Daily Patriot of last Monday, pre
sents a report of the speech of Senator
Woodbury in convention the we k previ
ous. After dwelling at length on State
politics, he closed with the following re
marks upon those of national import.
.Mr. W. after some farther comments
on the perversions which had been made
of his opinions, and those of his political
brethren as to State matters, observed, 1
that he should detain the convention but
a few minutes longer, in referring to the
principles that should guide us con- 1
ceruing men and measures connected 1
with the general government, and coming
at this time under our consideration.
First, we must go into a National Con
vention with the democrats of our sister
States, in that same amicable spirit, with
which we meet here among ourselves. I
'Phe general government was formed on
ly by compromise, and by compromise j
alone can it be sustained not acorn-'
promise of great and eternal truths in
principle, but of differences as to men j
and forms. We want a full and fair.
convention, in order that all may feel in- !
terested in it, and acquiesce in its decis- 1
ions. Without such an one, we may not I
only lose the election of our candid
ates, but the predominance in power of
our principles. lam satisfied, then, you
will be liberal as to the time, just as well
us liberal in respect to the choice of dele
gates ; and not unjust or illiberal as to
any of the democratic candidates. With
out indelicacy, after all that has been
said as to myself for one candidate, it
may lie fit for me to assure you, that 1
claim nothing, ask nothing, and hope
nothing ; in no event shall accept of any
nomination, unless made by that Demo
cratic National Convention.
Next, it is clearly our duty to scruti
nize c.osely your agents selected here or
elsewhere for the centre of the Union. |
Confide great power to them, you must 1
from n cessity ; but hold them to a strict
account keep them within the consti
tution veto and approve vetoes of all
departures from it. Require them to :
crush all monopolizing and dangerous,
National Banks to blot out all demor-1
ahzing bankrupt laws to repeal all dis- !
tribution of public property given for.
other purposes, and needed till the Union
itself is insanely dissolved by some polit
ical fanaticism to eschew a permanent
public debt in time of peace, and to in-,
sist til it all kinds of taxations by tariff or j
otherwise shall be equal to all the great i
interests, sections and classes of society.
'Flic farmer ought no longer to tolerate
being robbed of every other bushel ol
salt lie buys, by the 100 per cent tariff
on this great necessity of life, nor get but
one chain, or plough, or axe, or scythe,
when he pays enough for two, and when
at the same moment the raw material of
the manufacturer is in some cases free,
and in others not taxed one fourth as
high. Do 1 say this, because hostile to
manufacturers ? On the contrary, it is
because I am the friend of all and want
all equally treated, and one not ground
to the earth by indirect taxes, such as
fall as heavy also on the poor as the rich ;
and this to give, not more revenue to the
public treasury, but less. It gives more
profit or revenue to the favored manufac
turer alone. Manufacture* can send
over to London and Manchester cottons
from our own Stark Mills, and the far
mers of Ohio, lard and pork to Paris
without any bounty. We are unable to
give Mr. W’s remarks on much of this
point, but lie closed the consideration ol
it, by urging the principles of free trade
in all legislation, no less than in tariils.
lie abhorred too much restriction, reg
ulation and officiousness in government
I about any tiling, lie deprecated govern
| ing too much where a population was
, like ours, moral and intelligent. The
! world was growing wiser on this. Who
would now permit governments directly
to fix prices for individuals as they once
(lid ? Who would permit them to regu
late by sumptuary laws, the fashion of
our clothes, or prescribe a Pension or a
London cut ? Who would not rebel now
at a provision requiring us to believe in
Calvin rather than Luther, or Whitefield
instead of Wesley ? or to read only ex
purgated books '? or adopt only the polit
ical faith of a monarchist ?
From the Vicksburg Sentinel, of June 12,
A Great Man Fallen ! the People’s l hampi
on Dead !! Dr. James Hagan is no more ! ! !
It becomes our painful duty to an
| nounce the cold blooded assassination ol
the proprietor of this Journal, yesterday
afternoon, at 3 o’clock, P. M., at the hands
of I). W. Adams, son of Judge George
Adams, ol Jackson. Dr. Hagan, as was
his wont, was returning from his board
ing house to this office after dinner, when
the individual named above, Walked up
behind him and struck Dr. Hagan over
j the head with a cane; a scuffle ensued,
: which brought both parties to the ground,
j Dr. Hagan being on top. W hile in this
j position Adams pulled out a short bar
relled pistol, bringing the muzzle round
to the back of the neck of the deceased.
The ball struck the spine and passed up
into the posterior part of tlie head, caus
ing instant death.
Dr. Hagan was unarmed, and no one
near him to render any assistance. The
corpse was carried to the residency of
James B. Ilayes, where an inquest was
holden on tlie body.
Adams, after an examination before a
magistrate, was admitted to bail in the
sum of six thousand dollars and securi
ties for the same amount. Overwhelmed
with grief and consternation at this most
diabolical deed, we can only present the
above facts in relation to this most mel-
I ancholy event. A more particular ac
count will be furnished in u few days.
Robbery.— Three thousand dollars
were stolen from the safe of Messrs. Lam
beth and Thompson, N. Orleans in their
counting house.
r rom ihe Sew York Herat J.
Pmstcm of Civilizali‘«ti Caption Tvlei’s
Receptions* 1 lie lutleceLciei of the .Yews.
paper Press.
This is said lobe an age of great refinement
pure morals— wonderful decency in manners —and
great chivalry of character in alt ihe relations of life.
A certain small class of society in this country —and
a certain small portion of the newspaper and periodi
cal press, claim to possess, par excellence, all the emi
nent characteristics which we have enumerated.—
Among newspajKTs, there is a particular clique or
class more pertinacious in putting forward their claims
than others ; a few of which we may name, as fol
lows : 1 the “New York Courier & Enquirer," 2 the
“Boston Atlas;” 3 the “New York American,” &c.,
&c.
Now, in reference to one important event, the pil
grimage of the constitutionally elected President of
the United States to Bunker Hilt, what has been the
conduct and behavior of those prints l Let us give
only one example, which is as good as a dozen, anil
is taken from the “Courier & Enquirer” of the 15th
instant, as fellows:
From the New York Courier & Foquirer.
Tae Acting President.
Mr. Tyler left here yesterday in the steamboat Mas
sachusetts, for Stonington; and thus has terminated
liis visit to tlie Commercial .Metropolis of the country.
It is mortifying to every friend of our country and
to every advocate of her institutions, that by any ac
cident tlie olfice of Chief Magistrate should he tilled
by any one so unworthy of the station; and it is still
more mortifying that the reckless and unprincipled
individual who now discharges the duties of Presi
dent, should have been * » » « *
Mr. Tyler knows now, as he did before he left the
seat of gjvcrnincnt, that of the hundreds of thou
sands who would meet him in this city and at other
places on his route, there would not be ten individu
als of the whole number whodo not look upon him as
an unprincipled traitor, meriting alike the contempt
and execration of every honest and honorable man
in the republic. lie knew loo —his own conscience
told him —that no gentleman could for a single mo
ment receive him as an equal or look upon him as a
reputable associate, except in bis official capacity ; and
knowing all this, he had no right to thrust himself
upon them. He had recently visited Virginia, the
land of his birth his own home —and having even
there met with contempt and neglect, he should have
abstained from this pilgrimage to the North. * *
He could not but feel and know, that all that mass of
human livings desired in their hearts to hiss and hoot
at the reckless traitor to professed principles and gen
tlemanly conduct, instead of doing Atm honor by tlio
pageant got up in honor of his accidental position.
* * * And it naturally follows that he
cannot and docs not appreciate the loathing which
his presence here has excited among all classes of our
fellow-citizens, without reference to party. » ♦ ♦
To be instrumental in any way in honoring one so
treacherous and unprincipled, was gall and worm
wood to all. * * * * * * *
As we said before, but for the vanity and folly of John
Tyler— ‘two qualities which appear so prominent in
his character hut for his treachery and knavery they
could be described as leading traits. * ♦ *
The extraordinary language which is here applied
to the Chief Magistrate of the United States, is only
equalled, hut not surpassed by the terms of reproach
heaped upon him by the “American” of this city, the
“Atlas” of Boston, and other similar journals. Yet
the clique of society, whose words and opinions these
journals only reflect, pretend to possess all the virtue,
morals, intelligence, education and gentlemanly qual
ities of the land. They are, in fact, the only class of
citizens in this happy, free and equal land, who pre
tend to set up as exclusive in society, as a species of
aristocracy —as persons of higher birth and nobler
purposes than the masses of jicople around them. The
morobrious language used by these journals arc not
isolated examples of blackguardism they are, in
fact, samples of the precise character and style which
prevail in the parlor —in the counting room— in the
drawingroom —in the club room —and in all the
other haunts of elegance, rascality, piety and dissi
pation which characterizes that section of society.
John Tyler, the President of the United States,
has, no doubt, his errors “to err is human” —but
lie has undoubtedly performed his public duties to
the best of his abilities and [lower. Asa private
gentleman, tie is amiable, honorable and open hearted
—as a public man, he can show ns consistent amt
honorable a career as any statesman in the country.
In both capacities, or in either, he certainly does not
merit to be treated and talked of as one would speak
of a felon going to prison to suffer for his crimes
and more especially is it extraordinary that that por
tion of the press and of society, that claim to possess
alt the virtue, morals, and respectability of the land,
should indulge in such low, degraded, disgusting,
atrocious ami shameless epithets.
But the truth is this I Ircse small sections of soci
ety that disgrace themselves by such conduct, aro not
the sound portion of the American people or Ameri
can society. The great masses that turned out on
the day of reception, and behaved with gentlemanly
propriety and decency, were real American society;
the smalt clique who disgrace themselves by using
such terms as.we have shown, when speaking of the
President, arc the salt herring aristocracy the cod
fish haul ton the picked mackerel elite —a class
of social life composed of certified bankrupts, Wall
street swindlers, piper financiers, gaping stockjob
bers. with some few banks and capitalists, for them
to prey upon and deceive. They are composed of
that class of society, who plunder and roll the widow
and orphan of their property who cheat the honest
artizan and tradesman, and then take the benefit of
the act. to give them standing in Wall street. They
arc the coarse and vu’gar imitators of the European
aristocracy —but, with the natural instincts of ignor
ance and impudence, they copy their vices not their
virtues.
Such being the case, the vituperation of such a
class of people, and such papers, do not amount to
much in these days of intelligence and independence
So Much for YY'.tsli ill Etonian ism.
We were stopped in the street a day or
j two ago, by a Washingtonian friend, who
remarked that he was building 1 a house.
On our expressing some surprise, he ad
’ (led, that since he had joined the Wash
ingtonian Society, two years ago, he had
put into his money box the sum of two
hundred which had he not become a
Washingtoniun, would have gone —and
he pointed his finger sufficiently towards
his mouth. He then related an incident
which is worth recording. We will give
it as near as possible in his own words:
“ A short time since, an acquaintance
from the country, with whom I had for
merly been accustomed to drink, brought
me some lumber for my house. Before
settling, he asked me to go with him to
get something to drink.
‘ Very well,’ said I.
We then went into a place where li
quor is sold, and he called for that which
suited him and asked me what I would
take.
‘ A glass of water,’ said I.
‘ M hat, you are not a Washingtonian!’
1 You will think so, when you see the
money with which I shall pay you/ I
then took from iny pocket thirty-seven
dollars in four ha’pennies, and paid him.
You never saw a man so astonished. He
put his glass upon the counter and left it
untasted.”
As may be supposed, we left our friend,
gratified at such effects of Washingtoni
anism. We had not gone far before we
fell in with another Washingtonian
friend, who wished to take the Gazette
and pay for it in his work. He was a
shoe-maker. He remarked that, as he
was repairing a house he had recently
purchased, it was difficult to get money
for other purposes than that. On making
enquiry iu regard to his prosperity since
he had become a Washingtonian, he said
that we might judge what he was. He
had purchased a lot of land for S2OU, a
building for SSO, had paid $25 for re
moving it, and was now fitting it up.
The two men were among the first
members of the Bangor Washingtonian
Society, and when they became so, were
verily “subjects.” We have no doubt,
that many of their brethren in the city,
can give as good account of themselves
as they. So much for Washingtonian
jsm. Bangor Gazette.
Enquiry and Reward.
A young man, named HENRY McARDELL,
born in 1819, and only son of Mr. John McArdetl,
of the city of Limerick, Ireland, left that country for
the United States in 1829, with the intention of re
turning within a year, but there has not been any
account received of him since then by his friends.
His father came to this country in search of him, in
July, 1812, and will pay the following rewards, with
thanks, for information concerning him : $25 for any
authentic account of his death, (if he has departed
this life;) SIOO for his picscnt address, (if alive,) in
any part of America or the West Indies; SIOOO pay
able to his order, written with his own hand, and
certified by a Roman Catholic Clergyman, and SSO,
to tic paid to any editor who wilt procutc certain in
formation relative to the said Henry McArdcll.
Please to address letters to John McArdell, merch
ant, No. 13, Pill Lane, Dublin; or to the care of Ste
phen John Hastings, Hard-ware merchant, Limer
ick, Ireland; the Editor of the Truth Teller, New
York; or to Thomas D. Rice, at the office of the
Georgian, Savannah, Ga.
June 8, 1
From the New York Herald.
The dreadful consequences of the protective sys
tem are seen in the present condition of the English
iron districts. Some of the largest Welsh iron mas
ters have, it is understood, addressed recently and
personally so ne strong representations to the Gov
ernment on the present distressed condition of mining
affairs, a condition which unimproved, may possibly
lead to consequences which are to be deprecated.
They are said to have stated that, without assistance
from the Government, it would bo impossible much
longer to afford employment to their work-men. They
confessed to their own alarm at the consequences of
discharging them; the fear indeed which had long
operated to prevent their adventuring upon such an
extreme measure. But, it was added, necessity had
no law, and unable to meet tlie payment of wages,
they must, witho .it aid, proceed to blow out their fires.
The proprietary of one concern alone, stated that by
resort to such a desperate hut inevitable course, no
fewer than sixteen thousand persons, that is work
men with their families dependent, would absolutely
by the cessation of their own works alone, be thrown
out of bread and upon the world. The Government,
it was replied and justly, could not interfere, for in
such case every trade in a state of depression must
have a similar claim and could not be denied.
With accumulated stocks and no outlet for clearing
them away, it will be impossible longer to keep their
furnaces in blast and employ or pay their work peo
ple. The price of bar iron, at the present moment,
rules only at the rate of about -It per ton ; some five
or six years ago, with works in full activity and or
ders for all the make possible, the prices ranged at
10/, 91, and even 11/ perton. Pig iron about the same
time was worth about 7/ or 7/ 10s perton. The iron
masters assert that at 4/ per ton their loss upon every
ton cannot be estimated at less than 255, some say
30s, per ton for bar iron, which is the principal make
in the two counties named.
The statement of the owners of certain large works
may, therefore, readily lie credited to almost the full
extent, when they assert that they are and have been
suffering an actual loss at the rate of 45,000/ a year.
There are other of their neighbors more or less in the
same predicament at to amount of loss and extent of
works. There are various concerns, or different
works under one and the same proprietary, whose
total make reaches io from 30,000 to 40,000 tons a
year.
The theory of Protectionists is to “ encourage the
investment of capital in domestic manufactures,” in
order to “ reduce the prices.” In England the Gov
ernment has “encouraged” large districts into a par
ticular business, and now after being so • protected”
they want the Government to pay the wages tor them.
They have undoubtedly a. good a Tight to demand
this as that their fellow citizens should he prevented
from importing for their benefit.
From the Camden Journal.
“ The Causes of Hurd Times.”
Read the extract which we publish below, from a
lecture in the June number of Hunt’s Merchant’s
Magazine. It is painfully true, that one of the most
poiverfulcauscs of hard times, is the low state of pub
lic morals. llow many laborers and mechanics have
been forced to take refuge in the poor house, through
the agency of those sinks of iniquity —the dram
shops'? How many of the sons of those who fill
high places in our country, the wcalt .y and great of
our land have been ruined by their frequent visits to
the fashionable “Restaurants” and “Saloons” which
abound in every city in the Union ? How many have
arisen from the gambling tables of these “bells” and
gone forth to the commission of the darkest deeds of
crime 1 Alas, the newspapers of the present day,
furnish us with a tearful record —a heart-sickening
answer to each of the queries. Murder, forgery and
theft, are not confined now-a-days to the lower classes
of society; too often do we sec those, to whom their
friends and their country looked with fond anticipa
tions for a bright and glorious career, swept from the
bosom of friends and society, leaving behind them a
name to he remembered only with sorrow, and as a
warning to those who succeed them. But this will
ever be the case, so long as parents furnish no stated
employment for their sons, so long as they encourage
and nourish habits of vice and immoralitv by giving
them a free use of money. Thank God, amidst the
general gloom of our moral darkness, a bright star
has arisen, and is now in the ascendant; it is the
harbinger of joy and gladness to our country; it
sheds its calm but bright effulgence alike upon the
p.ilace and the cottage; it brings into anew exist
ence the prostrated energies of man’s nature; it
calms the angry flood of passions, which rages in the
human breast, and wherever its holy influence has
been shed, health has di-lodged disease, prosperity
has turned poverty out of doors, and brutality and
degradation are no longer the frequent characteristics
i of our race. Oh! who can enumerate the hle-ssings
jof the Temperance Return who can sum up the
' amount of peace and happiness, which it has brought
to the families of thirty thousand reformed drunkards?
Yes, in the blessed pledge of the Washingtonians, is
a powerful remedy for the hard times; most of the
other causes will yield to the influence of healthful
sobriety. Blot out drunkenness from onr land, and
ninr-ienlhs of the crime which now slain our history
as a people, will be forever banished from among us.
•Another cause of hard times is, alow state of the
public morals. Not only is intelligence necessary to
guide people in tbo right expenditure of money, but
moral principle. It requires a high pitch of virtue to
sustain great prosperity in the individual. Much
more does it so in a nation. As soon as any surplus
is created which might be employed for good purpo
ses, there is always something invented to turn it to
bad ones. The young, as soon as they become pos
sessed of means, instead of employing them in per
sonal improvement or honorable enterprise, are apt to
plunge into reckless dissipation,corrupt all who come
within the sphere of their influence, and, sooner or
later, themselves become a burden upon society.
Who arc the tenants of our poor-houses, our prisons,
and our penitentiaries ? They are the wrecks of our
j young men, who have spent their best years in riot
ous living. Every dram-shop, then, which you see
throughout tl c length and hreudth of tlifc; vast coun
try, where the laborer spends the money which should
buy hii children’s 1 read, or the idlerdro[ sin to waste
the money he neverrarned, in purchasing the means
of transforming himself from an idler into a sot, a
vagabond, and a brute, is a cause of hard times. Ev
ery kn >t of gamblers which you see at the corners of
the streets, shining in the spoils of honest industry,
and gloating on the wreck of families and foitunes, is
a cause of hard times. Every lottery office, whose
doors and windows are plastered all over with lies
and deception, where the servant and the house
maid, the porter and the drayman, are cheated out of
the wages of their sufferings and their toils, is a cause
of hard times. Every horse race, which collects to
gether a cloud of profligates, high and low, just as
the carcass draws together a multitude of obscene and
filthy birds, where old villains come to exercise their
vocation, and young ones come to learn theirs, is a
cause, and a most prolific cause, of hard times.”
Very I ate from Europe.
By the steamer Charleston, Capt. Barden, we last
evening received the Charleston papers, of yesterday,
and from our attentive Correspondents of the Courier
| office, Wilmer & Smith’s European Times, of the
\ 4th inst., and the New York Herald, (extra) of
| Monday, with the Foreign Intelligence, and the New
• York Sun and Philadelphia U. S. Gazette of Mon
day.
' The intelligence from Ireland is of absorbing in
! tcrest, and is of a character to excite the deepest sym-
I patliy of the American people, for a tountry denied
the blessings of constitutional liberty.
At New York on the 18th inst. Ifi shares United
Slates Bank of Pennsylvania stock sold at G 3-4 ; 30
do. do. at 5 7 8.
The steamer Columbia, arrived at Boston on the
18th inst. and brings advices from Liverpool to the
i 4th inst.
The Liverpool market, it will be seen, remains
much in the same stale as last noticed. Tlie lower
qualities of American Cotton, if any thing, had a
downward tendency.
From Wilmer Smith's European Times of Vh inst, and
J rum the -V. V. 1L riUd, Ilxira, 12/A inst.
Arrival of the Steamship Columbia.
Continuation of Repeal Movements in Ireland.
Disturbances in Wales, Russia, Spain, Hunga
ry, &c.
The Columbia arrived at Boston yesterday morn
ing, a'»out 7 o’clock, bringing Livrr|>ool dates to tlie
4lh, and London to tlie evening of the 3d inst.
The news, especially from Ireland, is of high im
portance.
Great inactivity appears to prevail in all branches
of trade.
Inland absorbs, at the present moment, the exclu
sive attention of the British Ministry and the British
people. The Repeal movement continues to make
the most gigantic strides, the whole country is in a
fearful state of excitement, and Mr. O’Connell, after
visiting Cork and various other parts of Ireland, has
returned to Dublin. During his sojourn in the prov
inces, hundreds of thousands of his countrymen con
gregated at his back, and his progress resembled a
continuous ovation from his cutset until his return.
He addressed them, on every occasion, in the most
inflammatory strain, condemnatory of the British
connexion, while he poured out the most unmeas
ured vituperation and ridicule against Sir Robert Peel,
the Duke of Wellington and Lord Brougham. The
great bulk of Ihe Catholic Clergy have thrown them
selves headlong into the movement, the rent comes
pouring in by thousands of pounds per week, and all
classes seem to regard a crisis at hand. There is no
middle course. Troops are daily [muring into the
country; Government steamers are constantly engaged
between the tower of London and the Pigeon House,
Dublin, in carrying and landing arms ; the Castle in
the latter city is being placed in a state of defence,
and every thing shows that the Government antici
pates an immediate outbreak; several magistrates
who are opposed to Mr. O’Connell’s views have
thrown up their commissions in disgust, and from the
same cause, a number of barristers and others who
have hitherto kept aloof from the agitation, have
swelled Mr. O’Connell’s ranks. Foremost amongst
these new and superior recruits, is the son of the late
Master of the Rolls, Sir Michael O’Loghlen, who,
in a spirited letter, denouncing the gagging system
of the Lord Chancellor with great vehemence, sent
in his adhesion to the Corn Exchange tactics.
The little Principality of Wales has been giving
sonic uneasiness of late to the “ powers that he.”
The southern portion, more especially, has been the
scene of a series of emeutes, which show an unhealthy
tone of feeling among the peasantry. Hitherto, their
depredations have been confined to midnight crusades
against toll-bars, and toll-keepers, by bands of eon
federated laborers yclept “ Rebecca and her Daugh
ter ;” but recently their boldness has become more
audacious and the magistrates have it in contempla
tion to place the disturbed districts under military .
surveillance.
Scotland has been the scone of a rcligh us move
ments the most important in its consequences, the
most extended in its ramifications, which has taken
place since the time of the Reformation. Nearly 500
Ministers the heart’s blood of the Church, embra
cing all that are most distinguished for learning, tal
ent. and energy have seceded from the Kirk, and
thrown themselves upon the voluntary principle,rath
er than submit to an interference in matters of discip
line with the civil power.
Another conspiracy was said to have been discov
ered in the Turkish army, which had in view the de
thronement of the Sultan and the placing of hi* broth
er on the throne.
The difficulties between Turkey and Persia are
assuming-a more belligerent aspect, and the media
tion oflhc European governments is seriously talked
of.
The American ship-of-the-!ine Columbus, and the
frigate Congress, arrived at Toulon on the 18th ult.
The whole ol the American squadron, consisting of
five sail, was shortly to rendezvous in that harbor.