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From the Georgia Journal, of Nov. 2i. The Rights of Mairied Women. Our attention has been again directed to this very important subject by the in troduction of a bill into the Legislature, by Mr. Grieve, one of onr county re presentatives, eutitled “An Act for the protection and preservation of the rights and property of married women, and to provide a remedy for the recovery #nd sale of their property in certain cases.” Our readers well know, that some months past we urged this subject upon their at tention in a series of articles. It has plea sed us, therefore, to perceive that it is now to be made a subject of serious at tention by the Legislature, in the differ ent braches of which, arguments pro and cow, will be urged by its supporters and opponents. Light will no doubt be eli cited irf discussing it, and if the bill pass es or is lost, it will be, we hope, after its merits have been fairly scrutinized by both branches of the Legislature. The lesson taught our people during a few years past is one that ought never to be forgotten, no matter how prosper ous their condition may be in future. — History tells us in almost every line, that all nations of the earth, and all peo ple, have their days of prosperity, and their days of adversity, and it is, to say the least, of it, unwise ip any people to totally neglect, in prosperous times, ma king any preparation for days of adver sity. But to come to the point, the ex perience of the past ought to teach us that the property of married women — property bequeathed them bya father who toiled in the fields, or in the workshop, to provide for his children —or property bequeathed them by some near and dear relative or friend, who wished to provide for them—ought to be secured by the law, more strongly to them. We care not how prudent a partner for life the wo man has, that cannot prevent misfor tunes from assailing him. lie may be honest, industrious, temperate, and yet, from some unforeseen circumstance, his prospects are blasted in a moment, and to pay his contracts or the contracts of others, whose security he was, the pro perty of another, and that other, a help less female, with probably a large num ber of children, is by the sheriff'put up on the block and knocked off to the high est bidder. Who we here ask, has not witnessed just such a scene, in tlie course of the last four years? What county in Georgia has not within its bounds some . one or more unfortunate females, who have just such a tale to relate? It is a sad experience of life, and ought to be provided against. But we are met here by the opponents of this measu re w i t h argu meats of weight. They admit all that we claim on the ground of Immunity, but say the time has not yet arrived for such a measure. You are about to make a change in the order of things, suitable to an age and people far more enlightened than the . present—a change, too, that will place women in an attitude far more inde pendent than they now are, and make the husband less so. While you add to the one, you detract from the other, and to a certain extent make the husband dependent upon the wife. Some even go further and say, that the woman ought to give her property where she gives her heart, and that one who does not ought to be condemned forever to a state of sin gle blessedness. Well, we will admit that there is matter for consideration in all this. A change will, to some extent, be mads in the order of things, but sure ly not such a change as will alarm any one. A father securing property to his daughter and her heirs, is not we appre hend, a very alarming matter.; why, then should it be so, ts tire law did that which nine-tenthsofthe fathers in Georgia, who possess estates of any value, are doing, and will do? What groat and alarming change it will make, we really cannot see! So lar from it, we believe the change will'be productive of great good. The age is sufficiently enlightened for the change. States not so old as Georgitt have passed similar laws, and in Mary land, where such a law was recently passed it has been met with great favor by the people. The argument that women will, by the passage of such a law be made more independent, and the husband less so, we cannot appreciate. We cannot see wherein the husband is detracted front, by a law of the State, saying that his wife’s property shall not be token from her to pay his debts, or those whom he has been security for—nor can we see wherein lie is detracted from, or made less the superior, when the same law gives to his management and control this same property for him and his fami ly, to enjoy the increase and yearly in come thereof. The truth is, that no man should wish for more than this. No mat ter what a fond confiding woman would do, the husbatld should be equally noble in heart, and reject any desire of hers, which, if errried out, might entail upon her and her children, days of want and misery. There may be a more correct view of this subject, but, if so, we must confess, it has escaped our notice. We will now notice the provisions of the I till to which we have called the at tention of the reader. The first section provides, that anv married woman may become seized and possessed of property, real or personal, by bequest or otherwise, in her own name, aud free from any control or in terest in, to or by her husbfnd—provid ed the same does not come to her, from her husband after coverture. Thesecond section provides, that prop erty thus possessed, when a woman shall marry, it and its natural fl increase, shall continue in her as her sole and separate property, notwithstanding her coverture to be exemnt from any liability for the d.Hits or contracts of ~er husband The third auction provides that when a woman stuff, during coveture, Itecome entitled to property, by inherttence, or otherwise, such property shall be hers subject to the same exemption, as in sec tion the second. * Jt The fourth section, gives to the hus band the control and management of all such property, and the receipts of the rents, profits and productions thrtvof, shall belong to and remain in him, for ihe use and support of himself, his wife, and their children, together. But if at anytime, the husband should improper ly attempt to divert the use of said prop erty from the purpose above designated, this section provides the mode, in which, by app'ication to the Judge ot the Su perior Court, a trustee will be appointed, | who shall prevent such misapplication of property, and see that the wife and children's rights in it, shall be properly protected. The fifth section providos, that after the death of the wife, such property shall go to the children and her husband, jointly tegether, share and share alike, and on the death of the husband the whole shall go to and descand upon their children But on the death of the hus band, the wife surviving, the property shall descend, and goto herself and her children, jointly together, share and share alike—and in caseeitlxßr the husband or wife shall die leaving no child*or chil dren, then all such prpperty shall be the survivbr’s. The sixth section points out the man ner in which said property may be sold or exchanged, when it is the mutual de sire of both husband and wife to do so. The seventh section directs in what manner suits to recover the possession of such property shall be executed. And the eighth section, repeals all laws militating against the act. This is a synopsis of the features of this important bill. We regard them, taken together, as wholesome features, such as tiie times demand. Experience teaches many a useful lesson, and if it has not taught a majority of our people, that such a law is much needed, we are satisfied that it has taught it to a very large minority of them. The frequency with which the property of women has been sold, in a few years past, to pay the contracts of the husband, has alarmed and satisfied many of the necessity of such a law. Its opponents may complain of its innovation upon long established usage—they may complain of its ten dency to make the wile more independ ent, and the husband less so—but they will never be able to assign any good reason why property bequeathed to a daughter, bya father, should go to pay debts of which she knew nothing, had no agency ju creating, and the payment of which, with her means, would reduce her a*ifi her children to beggary. This has been done in hundreds of instances, and should no loger be tolerated by the laws of the land. Mr. Grieve’s bill may need amend ment ; if so, let its friends in the" Legis lature see to it, and so amend it as to car ry out fully their views in relation to the important subject. We wish it every success m both branches of the Legisla ture. ltiots among the Firemen—Several persons shot. Correspondence of the New York Tribune. Philadelphia , Nov. 13—3 P. M. Our city has again been the scene of several desperate and bloody conflicts between the Fairmount and New Market (of Baltimore) engine companies on the one side, and the Good Will and Wec cacoe hose companies on the other.— During the course of yesterday afternoon some fifteen or twenty members of the former companies, who were out at the water works, were attacked and beaten by the latter ; and in the evening the Fairmount sounded an alarm of fire, for the avowed purpose of attacking the Good Will, who, in connexion with about lUO members of the Weccncoe, were stationed in and about their house, out llace street, beyond Broad. Being pre sent, I satisfied myself us to the extent of their determination— to kill , or shoot ev j ery member of the Pairmonnt and New ! Market , should they approach them ! and, to make good their purpose, had i armed themselves with guns, pistols, dec, Os the former I counted seven. The cMktge of the Fairmount, about 5 o’clock, had been seized upon by the Good Will, broken up, and thrown into the Schylkill river. 8 and 10 the Fairmount, with a fore! of several hundred, marched out Kace street as far as Schuylkill Fourth, when they were met by the Good Will and Weccacoe members who instantly discharged five muskets loaded with buck siiot at their assailants, wounding several persons ; two of them are supposed to lie serioualy injured. Their names are Harvey and Morris—the former shot in the abdomen, the latter in the neck ! Clubs, stones, and other deadly missiles, were used with frightful violence. The Fairmount were finally overpowered and obliged to run for their lives- There were several thousand persons concerned in this affair, which continued up to half past 10 o’clock, at which hour I left the ground. The threat had previously gone abroad' that the Weccacoe llose company, aided by others, were bent nj>on attacking and destroying the Baltimore apparatus as she was leaving for home this morning.— Mayor Scott had summoned the entire police force of the city at Dock wharf, where they assembled at half-past six.— Thousands of persons soon collected, and a short time previous to the boat’s leaving the wharf, a portion of the New Market memlters came down in citizen’s dress, and quietly passed on hoard, their equip ments having been sent in cabs. It seems that fear deterred the balance of the com pany from approaching with their appa ratus, when the Lout left the wharf with oufthetr.. A number of the Fairmount members escorted them, and upon returning back to their quarters, at the coi ner of Second and Walnut streets, they were groaned at by the Weccacoe, when instantly a I desperate fight ensued. The police, however, were soon in the midst, and I succeeded in making several arrests. — The prisoners were taken to the mayor’s office, where after undergoing an exami nation, they were held to bail in SIOOO each this afternoon. Their names are Robert Irwin, a South w«rk watchman, who drew his mace in the melee; Isaac Russell and Mathew English, members of the Weccacoe; Geo. Sowers, and a number whose names I do not recollect, belonging to the Fair mount. Some twenty persons, in all, have been arrested since Saturday even ing. Our city is in a sad state of excitement and no one can tell where this disgrace ful affair will end. I learn that the city council are about to call a special meeting for the purpose of adopting decisive measures, which shall destroy the present fire department as now organised, and substitute a paid system, to be entirely under the control of the city autharities. Exchauzes. The following cxtractfrom the money article of tho New York Herald, shows the manner in which exchanges are con ducted without the regulation of a Na tional Bank. For any of the Southern States to vote in favor of Mr. Clay and a National Bank will be an act of self-de struction, which we hope will never oc cur in our day aud generation.— N. O. Courier. ‘Specie has begun its movement South in the same manner that it did last year. It is now regulating the exchanges for the year. The exchanges being now in the hands of individual houses, and go verned entirely by the cost of transport ing specie, it seldom Airies one per cent. Throughout the season last year, the rates on New Orleans never rose above two per centum premium, while former ly, under the National Bank, they fluc tuated from 1-2 to three discount.’ Th’ Tforth Eastern Boundary. The Boston Courier says that the sur vey of the U. S. Boundary line according to the treaty of Washington, has been conducted during the past season with great industry and success. The Boun dary has already been surveyed and marked from the monument at the source of the River St. Croix, to the outlet of Lake Pokenagamook on the river St. Francis. This portion of our frontier embraces the whole of mada\yaska settle ment, which is by far the most populous portion of the line, until it reaches the frontier of Vermont and New York.— Monuments of cast iron have been erect ed along the greater portion of the meri dian line at the distance of one mile a part. The termini of the line between the outlet of Lake Pokenagamook, and the Northwest branch of the St. John, have been determined astronomically, in latitude and longitude, and the greater part of the river St. John, above the mouth of the St. Francis, has also been accurate ly surveyed. The labors of the Com mission will probably close about the middle of the present month. (fold at a Discount. A merchant of this place informed us a few days since, that he had endeavored in vain to exchange fifteen hundred dol lars in gold coin for bills of the South Carolina Banks. There was no scarcity of South Carolina funds, but holders would not exchange them for gold, at par. Boas this argue the want of a Nation al bank?— N. (J. Jeffersonian. A Duty of only 20 percent on the im ports, gives the government a revenue of $10,000,000, and raises the value of all ! the goods, domestic and foreign, to the same extent to the consumers, which will ! make $80,000,000, paid by the people, in I order that the government may obtain I $10,000,000. If it is allowed that a duty raises the price of goods only to the ex j tent of half the duty, then the people will ■ pay $40,000,000, when the government gets but $10,000,000. The remainder goes into the pockets of the manufactur ers, and is rapidly producing the same state of things here as exists in England viz. to improverish the whole country, in order to build up an aristocracy of manufacturers.— N. Y. Herald. Blessings of a High Tariff. We learn from a Boston paper that all the Colton Factory Stocks, and especially those of Lowell, have advanced full fifty per cent within a lew months, are stiff ! rising. Cotton goods have also advanc ed. The price of labor', in the mean i time, has gone down. Do these facts prove that a high tariff is beneficial to the ' poor as has been contended ?—Lynch burg Republican. It is stated that Mr. Webster has lately made a very able W hig speech. We do not at all doubt it. We once heard a member of Congress remark, that Web ster was always powerful when ?peaking in behalf of the British, the Indians er the Whigs.— lb. The great copper rock from Lake Su perior arrived tins morning in the steam boat Knickerbocker from Albany.— N. 4. Cou. t y Enq. lath inst. The New York Journal of Commerce says,—The Copper Rock has been ship ped on board a packet for Washington. It was weighed yesterday and stood 3733 lbs. The cost of transjiorting it from its native place, if the place where it was found may be called so, has been nearly seven thousand dollars, A spot iq>on it has been made smooth, and is as bright | and sound as anew cent. WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 29, 1843. FOR PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES. JOHN C. CALHOUN. FOR VICE PRESIDENT: LEVI WOODBURY. FOR CONGRESS, JOISV W. A. SANFORD, OF BALDWIN. Removal. The Office of the AMERICA DEMOCRA T is removed to Cotton Avenue, immediately in the rear of the Bookstore of Mr. Jackson Barnes. HjP A Communication and Adverti sing Box is kept in the Store of Air. B-, where our friends and customers are respectfully requested to deposit their favors. £> CHARLES A. ELLS, Esq. of this place, is our authorized Agent in Mil ledgeville, to receive subscriptions mid dues to the “ American Democrat .” Ilj’ The Subscribers to the American Democrat who have not remitted their dues, are respectfully re minded that it is a cash paper, and that from the low ness of the subscription, we cannot wait until the end of the year. A consummation most devoutly to be wished. The only legislative news that we have space to insert this week, is that the reduction hill has passed hy a constitutional majority and has become a law John \V, A. Sanford. It is with pleasure that we announce the name of Gen. Sanford as the individual selected by our party to lead them on, if they are true to themselves, to Victory. The democratic party have an undoubted majority in this State of about three thousand votes. If we do not allow ourselves to be distracted and di vided by the wiles of the enemy we can mainland success. If we do, we do not deserve success. We pledge ourselves for the Calhoun portion of the party to adhere firmly to the regular nomination, and if our Van Buren friends do the same, we shall beat them easilt. Many circumstances that conspired to defeat us in the late election will have ceased to o|h erale hy the adjouriunent of the Legislature. The people will have experienced 1. og ere the first Mon day in January, the hollowness of Whig professions on more subjects than one. Then they can no lon ger beguile the people with the juggling devil of the Monroe R. Road apprupiiafo.i a spirit which they rai.-ed, but like some magicians will find themselves unable to lay. They have sowed the wind let 14 :m reap the whirlwind. But to return from our digres sion. Honor to the Democratic members of the Leg islature for the excellent nomination for Congress John W. A. Sanford of Baldwin. Gen. S. is well ' known to the Democracy of Georgia, as an uuwaver -1 ing and chivalric supporter of their principles. In all the public appointments he. has held, he has dis tinguished himself by a hearty devotion to the public interests and a scrupuleus discharge of every duty— gifled with a strong mind which has been cultivated well—frank, high-minded, affable, polke—few men have a larger circle of warm and attached person I friends —and numerous and Worthy as many oFrur prominc.it democrats arc, there it none on whom the party generally will unite more enthusiastically than on Gen. Sanford. The firmness with which he adheres to his principles, and his long and efficient labors in the cause of sound p: ineiplcs endears him to all. In him Georgia will have an upright, worthy, able, a'nd patriotic Representative in Congress.— DEMOCRATS are you organized for the contest 1 are you fully prepared to meet the well-trained.b tnds of Whiggery 1 are you prepared to go forth on the first .Monday in January, and wipe out the foul blot which the late defeat has left upon Georgia 1 arc you determined to maintain your firmer renown, and keep Georgia in harmony with the spirit of the age. with the principles of Justice, and with tiie great Democratic family of the Union? or will you like the Greeks upon the fields of Cheronea, surren der the liberty and glory of your country to the gold en bribes of a Modern Philip— no, never! The Democracy of Georgia will remain but a moment be hind the clouds of Wliigism—and whenever they choose to show unbroken front the Whigs will retreat like the grand army from the disasters of Moscow. Penitentiary Convicts. Among the most interesting subjects that under the consideration of the present Legislature will be, the disposal of the Penitentiary and the Con victs. The question is one of great imjiortanee and at present occupies a good deal of the public attention. The present system is generally acknowledged to be defective in one point at least, its great annual ex pense, and if a change could be made in that respect it would bo desirable, A variety of propositions have been made to dispose of them, Gov. Crawford advi ses that they should be engaged in the manufacture of leather, and hoots and shoes. The Federal Union objects to this as impracticable, and after a very com plete review of the whole matter, proposed that they be employed in the completion of and keeping in or der the State road, and in the manufacture ofloeomo tives, cars and other machinery for the State road, and the great chain of rail roads connected with it, ami to meet the views of those who object to remov ing the Penitentiary, they propose as a modification of the same plan that a rail road be constructed by the convicts from ibe Penitentiary to the most eligible point Ujion the Central R. li. and that when this connection is made, that they he employed in that manner, i his suggestion 1 .s more weight and mat ter in ii than any other p an that has been proposed, and we hope will he calmly and deliberately examin ed by the Legislature and receive that consideration which its merits deserve. Anolher.proposition is to remove the Penitentiary to some favorable point in the Cherokee country and in other respects continue the present plan. Another plan is to employ them on the State road until it is completed and then abolish the system altogether. In reference to this last, we should dislike a recurrence to the old cropping and branding syst m. We are inclined to think that some modification of the plan suggested by the editor of the federal Union will be found preferable to any oilier. W hich is to have a Penitentiary or “mighty work shop ’erected near the W. &A.R.R. in which af ter they have compli ted the road, they may be em ployed in manufacturing locomotives, freight ears, and all other machinery, ?for the great rail road s}stem of which the VV. &A. R. ii. i s the main trunk; or lu convert the present Penitentiary into a manufactory for the same purpose and connect it with the Central and thus with the whole system, extending from Charleston and Savannah through Augusta and Macon to DeKalb county, and from thence probably to Nashville Tennessee. W'e must not oinit to mention the Ocmulgee and Flint Rail Road, which might be supplied from tbe same source, via. the Central Rail Road and the Ocmul gee river. Monroe Rail Bond Appropriation. Before our recent elections, as our readers are aware, the public ear was deafened with the loud, zealous, and patriotic ap[ieals to the people, about public faith ar.d repudiation, made by the Whigs in reference to the Slate sutneription of $200,000 to the Monroe Rail Road. Their earnest appeals to vote for Crawford, who stood pledged to keep the faith of the State inviolate upon this subject, and to vote a gainst Cooper, whom the Whigs supposed to he not immaculate in regard to it. Their thousand times repeated declarations are yet ringing in our ears, that if we would elect Crawford and a Whig Legislature, the public faith should he held inviolate, that was the word. That thc appropriation should bo paid. Then nothing was said about examining the subscription accurately and minutely to see if they were uncondi tional and made in good faith, no nothing about that, hut the subscription was to be paid. In the face of all this, vve have been surprised to witness the equiv ocal policy pursued by most of the Whig papers, and particularly the violent opposition manifested to it bv Gdv. Crawford’s confidential organ, the Chronicle and Sentinel, and its utter repugnance to the appro piiation in any shape. Most of the Whig papers approach the subject as timidly and charily as a maid of fifteen would receive tile advances of her first ad mirer. The democratic party in the last Legislature, un der the prevailing opinion that the requisitions of the law had not been complied with in good faith, and to the letter, hy the individual stockholders, and inllucnced no doubt by rite public prejudice against the Monroe Rail Road Bank, declined to make the appropriation until they were further satisfied of the good faith of the subscription. Fordoing this they were denounced by tbe Whigs as repudiators and violators of the plighted faith and honor of the Stale, and with having blotted the fair escutcheon of Geor gia with a-stain that could not be washed away by “all great Neptunes ocean”itself. But now that the Whigs are in power with the full assurance on every hand that the individual stockholders have strictly and bonafida complied with the regulations of the law making the appropriation, there is evidently a disposition in certain quarlers to shrink from mect ing the question fairly, and from appearances at pre sent we tear that many of them are anxious to give the subject the go by, and shield themselves under the cover of mere technical quibbles—the raw head AND BLOODY BONES OF REPUDIATION during the late Canvass, like “Banquos Ghost” seemed to- rise up at every turn to the troubled fancies of our Whig friends. Now in the full possession of powi r limy breathe more freely But to the appropriations with every deference to the opinions of those with whom we (filler—and aside from every political considera tion or party bias —this is a subject we thiuk which all should approach in the spirit of Georgians—of men free from every sectional or part/ bias. All collateral enquiries connected with the expediency, or inexpediency of the appropriation are extrinsic to the question. Tbe simple issue and only question to be decided at present is this, “Have the individual stockholders complied with the requisitions of the law authorising the appropriation." Have they really and bonafide taken the necessary stock to entitle them to the proffered aid of the State. If so, the payment of the States subscription cannot be with held, without the most shameless breach of public faith without tarnishing the honor oft lie State at home, and lowering her character and standing abroad. The Western & Atlantic Kail Bond. The Federal Union in .some remarks upon this subject, says that “ Gov. McDonald has crowned his official labors hy commending this great work to his successors. His unwavering support of it under the trying circumstances in which he was placed, is a laurel which will flourish on his brow and grow green with line. Gov. Crawford Wn his Inaugural Address is equally decided in favor of the State’s carrying on the work. Our course has hern decided on. We are in favor of the prosecution of the en terprise. * * * * * Twenty years hence, “the people will be astonished to hoar that there was in this day a portion of our citizens opposed to the road.” We need not say, that the Federal Union has ex pressed our sentiments with regard to that magnifi cent work, the Western and Atlantic Rail Road. And it gratifies us to bc'ahle to say that we firmly believe that pitblift opinion is settling down in favor of the completion qf the main trunk. Those who are opposed to Rail Roads generally, and this one in particular, assign reasons for their opposition their belief of the general unprofitable re sult of ttiese investments, and that before they were introduced into this State the people were more pros perous than they ever have been since, that they had more means and their profits were greater when it took two weeks to send a load of cotton by wagon to Savannah, and two months for a loaded pole boat to drag its slow length along from Macon to Savannah and back, than they do now, when we are able to send our great staple to the sea-board with the light ning celerity of the locomotive. With regard to the first of these opinions, we utterly deny that it is sus- taint'd bv facts when justly'considered, and contend that a judicious Rail Road system should not he re sponsible for tho frauds and follies that have l.een [ler petrated under its name; that because Pennsylvania spent a million of dollars on the . Gettysburg Kail Road, and then abanonded it, and New York nine hundred thousand on the Caaajoharic Rail Road, and then sold it for five thousand dollars is no good rea son that judicious rail roads should not he construct ed, and add infinitely to the prosjierity of the country as well as prove profitable to the stockholders. The opponents of rail roads do not seem to recol lect that the extension of the system took place in this country just at the commencement of the great commercial and financial revolution, through which we have just passed, and that many of them were completed and carried on at the very lowest point’of depression, and that the rail road interest felt the pressure as severely as any other in the country. No one would contend that an opinion of the unprof itableness of this or anv other branch of business, during that period would be a .just one.—Wr hum bly conceive that the people of Georgia are deeply interested in the completion of this the last link that is necessary to bind us with an iron chain to the mighty West, and unite into one community the peo ple of Tennessee, South Carolina, Urmia .Ala bama and Georgia, connected together so firmly by the k.ndrcd ties of sympathy and interest, that should a blow be struck at any part by foreign invasion or domestic insurrection, it would vibrate to anil arouse every portion of the mighty mass trom the centre to the remotistcircumference. Considered in this light it is not only of vast importance in a National point of view, but deeply interesting to US as Southern people, in connection with our PECULIAR institutions. We are interested in a peculiar manner in this gnat enterprise, not only as Georgians but as citizens of Macon in ieeairing of the trade of the mighty West, and frf shaniw the unlimited mineral artd agri<*ultural iYi«tih ot'lbt Cherokee reuntry, and Upper^Alabama.—ln connection with this subject we have rt yl with great interest the late report of Mr. Garnet, CtarfWmgineer of the Western and Atlantic Kail IlpWt! and from which we shall make some extracts; wfter getting through with some mi nor details he institutes a short inquiry into some of the benefits that may be expected from this work. “Let us enquire in the first place, what benefits are conferred by the Western and Atlantic Rail R oa j on the country immediately contigous to it. It »;]; not tie attempted to enumerate these; the list nii<r|, t indeed lie swelled to an extent truly astonishing, fi is sufficient for the present purpose, to suggest a sin gle idea which is so plain, that it must strike every reflecting mind. It is certain that there would be a saving of at least S3 per acre in the transportation of the products of the land on the Western and Atlan tic Rail Road to market by Rail Roads, instead of the old plan by wagons Take a belt of 10 miles (5 miles on each side of the road) for only 50 miles in length. This gives a space of 323,000 acre*. Sup. pose that the saving in transporting the produce of this surface of country to market is $3 j R . r acre, and that only half the surface is cultivated each year and we have an annual saving of $480,000. This is the interest at 8 per cent, on six millions of dollars, which may tlterofore lie fairly considered as added to the in trinsic value of the land. If any think that 100 large an estimate has been made of the proportion of land which will be in cultivation, let them consider that but little more than one-third of the length of the road has been taken into the account, and that the appre ciation of the value of the soil will extend to ten times the distance from the line of road which has been assumed. In fact, no one at all acquainted with the Cherokee country ofGeorgia, can doubt that the estimate here given of the saving by rail roadj, on the cost of transporting the agricultural products of that fertile region to market, falls greatly below the truth. Nor must ws omit to notice, that in the immediate vicinity of thi»road, is found iron ore of the finest quality, in an abundance unequalled at any other locality vet discovered. This ore, which is now comparatively worthless, may, hy furnishing a mark et for it, become of the greatest value.” “But this is not the only, nor even the most im portant fight, in which the Western and Atlantic Rail Road is to be viewed. It is intended to afford an outlet to the Atlantic coast, for the vast products of the West. To accomplish this, Georgia will have been called upon tp expend about s3,soo,ooo—private enterprise will have accomplished tiie rest." Atter ex; ressing his astonishment that any should doubt the expediency of this investment, he proceeds to show the immense amount (‘Xpended hy New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Virginia, to se cure the trade of the Mississippi Valley. And that while Georgia can accomplish this for three and a half millions, New York has expended twenty three millions of dollars unon a canal 303 miles long to effect it. And her citizens have spent twelve millions more. The net revenue of the Erie Canal from 2(3 to 1839 inclusive, was more titan ten mil lions of dollars, which is certainly a fair return.— Massachusetts or her merchants, has spent ten mil lions of dollars in contending for a share of this mighty commerce. Forty-six and a half millions of dollars have been eX|>ended to unite the cities of New York and Bostou yvilh Lake Erie, and it is pro posed to expend eighteen millions more. Pennsylvania to secure herself a portion of the Western trade has constructed a chain of Rail Roads and Canals 391 miles long at a cost of fourteen mil lions of dollars. Maryland for the same purpose has constructed 177 miles at a cost of nearly scran and a half millions. To show the astonishingly low rate at which freight can he carried upon rail roads, l.e quotes the report of Mr. McLane,j President of the Baltimore and Ohio Rail Ifoad, who says that there is little doubt that merchandize can be transported from Bal timore to Cumberland, a distance of 177 miles at the rate of 50 cents per hundred pounds, and that Iron can he transported at three cents per ton, and coal at hco cents per tun a mile. Virginia has spent G millions, and proposes to - spend 7 millions more to effect the same purpose, up on the James River and Kenhawa improvement. In reference to the New York system of Internal Improvement, l.e remarks — “It may be contended that these works are through a very populous country, and in that respect have the advantage of the Western and Atlantic Rad Road. But it would be easy to show that the Cher okee country ofGeorgia has within itself the sources of as great prosperity as any part of the state of New York, and will undoubtedly lie as populous at no ve ry distant day. It can he shown also that these very improvements have made Ihe hack country of New York what it is. The Erie canal was constructed hrough a comparatively new country. It created the most rapid revolution ever witnessed; and the forest was replaced by populous cities, with a celerity which seemed more like the effect of magic than ot human ait.” He then proceeds to show that Georgia lias natu ral advantages over every one of these. “And yet it is easy to show that this line through Georgia has every natural advantage over each of the routes which we have mentioned. Here we have a climate favorable to the production of every staple known in the commerce of the United States. One which si cures our road from snow and ice, which add so largely to the expense anil danger of transportation on all the other lines of improvement. The Western and Atlantic Rail Road, through the greater part of its extent, traverses a country of inex haustible fertility and of vast mineral wealth. By this road the elevations between the Western waters and the Atlantic are overcome without any grade ex ceeding fortt-feet per niilo, and even that limit is seldom resorted to. In this respect it has greatly the advantage over all the others, as there is no other line of improvement now in use, connecting the Eas tern and Western waters without inclined planes. Let us compare Ihe summit* of the different lines we have been discussing. The highest point on the Georgia line is 1200 feet above tide.” In proof of this he introduces the following data: The highest level on the N. Y. &• Erie 11. R., is 1780 feet above lid*- “ “ Portage, “ 2291 “ “ “ “ “ Ches. &O. Canal, 1903 “ “ “ “ “ Ham. & Pitts, (prop.) 2183 “ “ “ “ “ Balt. &O.R. R. 3370 “ “ “ “ “ James Riv. & Kcnuha 1987 “ “ “ “ “ Erie Canal G3O “ “ “ Which latter is the only one havin'* a lower sum s ° . mit than our road. AVe insert below some pruceeu ings in the Legislature of Tennessee upon tins ab sorbing subject. Would it not be well for the Leg islature to request Gov. Crawford to institute a cor respondence with the Stile Government of Tennes see, so •’that the two States might unite their ener gies in the entire completion of the chain from Sa vannah to Nashville. AVe suggest it for considera tion. Tennessee Legislature. Nashville, Nov. G. Mr. Morrow, 'be Representative from Chattanoo ga introduced the following resolutions: “ ll'/ici-eos, Assembly of Tennessee arc i reply r_>ixtife elllrfiihi- of a direct communi cation amUre(tede-bclwi-ea Tennessee and the Southern .Atlantic T.’jt(es: ami whereas the au thorities of ApJppi'e ofCcorgia have prosecuted with and patriotism almost to com pletion AJ|a iiian ] Atlantic Rail Road, termi*