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AMCRICiYIV ■ ilMiilAm
The most perfect Government would be that which, emanating directly from the People, Governs least—Costs least—Dispenses Justice to all, and confers Privileges on None—BENTHAM.
VOL. U DR. WM. GREEN-EDITOR.
Vni KHW DKHOCIMT
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COMMUNICATIONS addressed to the Editor—Post
Paid.
Tlio M irilimft interests of the Sontli and West.
The population of the United States,
according; to the sixth census, may be sta
ted at Seventeen millions* in round num
bers being nearly equally divided between
Virginia and the Northern States on the
one part, and North Carolina with the
Southern and Western States on the
other —the latter division numbering 8,-
470,058 souls, or within less than a hun
dred thousand of exactly one-half. The
same returns show that all the cotton,
more than half the wheat, nearly four
tilths of the corn, quite three-fourths of
the hogs, all the rice and the hemp, most
of the tobacco, and, commercially speak
ing, all the sugar, that are grown, raised
and produced in the wholccountry, come
from this section. Here, the tillers of the
ground reap, at each returning harvest,
and gather into their barns, forty million
bushels of wheat and three hundred mil
lion bushelsof com, besides sixty mill ionss
of other cereal grains, such as oats, bar
ley, and rye. They also grow eighty
millions of pounds of rice, one hundred
and thirty-live millions of sugar, and one
hundred and twenty millions of tobacco;
and feed, chiefly upon the wild mast of
their woodlands, vast herds of swine,
twenty millions in number.
These immense herds and harvests
cannot be consumed by theeight millions
and a half of producers. The average
consumption of cereal grains, as food for
man and beast, is quoted by McCulloch
at tifteen bushels for each person. Chas.
Smith, the well-informed author of the
Tracts on the Coni Trade , estimated
it to be at the rate of about twelve and a
half bushels a year to the inhabitant.—
We sec no reason why the laboring man
in the West or South, with ricli pastures
and wide ranges for his cattle—with his
own bountiful board spread thrice a day
with meats, fruits, and vegetables—
should average, for himself and his cattle
as much bread and grain as the laboring
man in England, in whose scanty dieta
ry bread is the chief, and often the only
article of food. Nevertheless, let us sup
pose that eavli inhabitant hero requires,
lor himself and his live stock, from a
third to a half more grain and breadstuffis
than is allowed to one manand his cattle
in England. This estimate will leave,
after deducting one-tenth of the whole
for seed, a surplus of at least one hundred
and ninety millions of bushels, in our
favored region, to be disposed of in some
way. The earth gave it by the sweat of
man’s brow; and it was not gathered by
him with toil and labor, to be scattered
to the winds or to be burned in the fire.
It cannot be consumed by the producers;
it is for sale, therefore it must be sent
abroad as merchandise to seek a market.
Let us suppose that one-fifth goes by the
way of the Lakes, as grain and flour, or
is driven over intothe neighboring States
as live stock. The remainder is crowd
ed into the channels of river trade, and
sent down to New Orleans, orsome other
seaport of the South, for exportation.
Whether it enters into the foreign or the
coasting trade, all that is shipped on the
Gulf has to pass out through tiie straits
of Florida, and is exposed g.like to any
dangers or obstructions that an enemy
may throw in that very long and narrow
pass.
It is immaterial to the proof of our pro
position whether the four-fifths ot these
one hundred and ninety millions of
bushels of grain are sent abroad as bread,
wheat, corn, meal, or flour; or whether
they assume some other ot the Protean
shajies of grain, and come down for ex
port as live hogs and cattle, or in barrels
of pork and beef, lard, bacon, oil, or whis
DEMOCRATIC BANKER TREE TRADE; DOW DITTIES; NO DEBT; SEPARATION FRORT RANKS; ECONOMY; RETRENCHMENT;
AND A STRICT ADHERENCE TO THE CONSTITUTION.--./. C. C.ILIMOL.Y.
key ; they are the surplus produce of
those regions, every bushel of which en
ters, in some shape or other, into the chan
nels of Southern and Western com
merce.t
Valuing, then, this produce—whether
in its manufacturee or raw state, whether
it be converted into meat or drink—at
the low estimate of twenty-five cents a
bushel, we have the sum of thirty-eight
millions ofdollars, to be added to the fif
ty-seven millions already accounted
for. To this may be added three millions
of dollars for Southern rice, six millions
of dollars for Western tobacco, and as
much for sugar—in all, one hundred
and ten millions of dollars, exclusive of
lead, iron lumber, hemp, and naval stores
as the present annual amount of exports
from the South and West.
New York, indeed, is the principal
focus of trade—the place where the great
commercial affairs of the country are
held. Hut the back country, which
sends down, through the inland channels
of communication, its surplus produce to
New York for exportation, affords but a
scanty supply, when compared to that
which supplies New Orleans and the
Gulf ports with their articles of Co*n
merce. The State of New York grows
no cotton, no hemp, no tobacco, no rice ;
nor does it supply commerce with any of
its sugar. The quantity of grain of all
sorts produced in' that State lacks one
half of being as much to the inhabitant
as the general average of the whole U.
j States gives to each person. If we allow
but four and a half bushels of wheat to
I each person for bread, the people of that
State will only average a peck apiece for
i export. So, if we take all the grain pro
duced in that State, and deduct an aver
| age of twenty bushels lor each person as
the quantity consumed by man and beast
there will remain for commerce only
about a bushel to each inhabitant. What
other of the great staples of the country
does New York produce? She may
have lumber and ashes; but when we
corne to reckon in millions, we shall find
that these articles are trifling in amount.
Much of the back-country produce, we
know, is drawn off from New York,
through the Albany rail road,for consump
tion in the Eastern States. But, giving
her, through the Erie canal, half of the
surplus wheat crops of Ohio, Illinois, In
diana, and Michigan, we shall find then
that her corn trade from the back country
does not amount to one-tenth part, in
value, of the cotton trade from the South.
Seeing, then, that New York receives
from her back country, through her
channels of inland trade, so small a por
tion of that produce which she sends out
to all parts of the world, it may be asked,
Whence does she obtain it ? #
The answer to this question has an
important bearing upon the subject of
coast defences. Now York has her dai
ly or her weekly line of packets plying
between her wharves and every port of
any commercial importance in the U. S.
Through these, and vast fleets of eoasters
she collects together the surplusjiroduce
of other States, with which she carries
on her immense trade. Not so with N.
Orleans and the Gulf ports; they derive
their exports almost exclusively through
the rivers and roads of their back coun
try.
Let us now, with a view of illustrating
the bearings of this circumstance upon
a wise system of national defences, sup
pose New York to be blockaded by the
fleet of an enemy: what degree of dis
tress would the country at large suffer
from it? The wheat of northern Ohio,
Indiana, Ac., could go do wit the Missis
sippi if tiie mouth of the Hudson were
closed. The naval stores front North
Carolina, the cotton and the rice and
other articles from the South, the pork,
Ac. from the West, which arc scut to
New York for transhipment, would not
be shut out from the sea becouse Sandy
Jiook happened to be blockaded; they
would have .the broad ocean free and
open before them : and they could, with
out stopping at New York on their way,
be shipped from their Southern ports
direct for their foreign market place.—
This, it is true, would distress New
York herself, and embarrass one or two
of her neighbors, perhaps ; moreover, it
might, at first cause some little incon
venience to the mercantile community.
But we arc not considering its effects up
on sections and classes ; we speak of the
supposed blockade in its bearings upon
the nation at large, in its influence upon
the industry, the prosperity, and and the
welfare of the great body of the people.
In this light, such a blockade would be
the whole country like the stopping up
one of tiie outlets at the delta of the Mis
sissippi ; in either case, commerce would
be thrown into new channels, a little
turbid and perhaps inconvenient at first
because new ; but, except to those in the
immediate vicinity whose lands would
be overflown or property injured, there
would be nothing in the blockade of
New York like publick distress, for all
the produce that is exported thence could
like the waters of the Mississippi, if ob
structed in one channel, find new, and
other, and perhaps letter outlets. At
most, the blockade of New York would
but be a great national inconvenience.
Now, on theother hand, Ictus suppose
that this hostile fleet raises the blockade. I
MACON, WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 20, 1843.
of New York, and sends down a squad
ron of ships to occupy the Tortugas and
block up the Florida straits ; the cotton
of the South cannot flow up the Missis
sippi if the mouth of this river be closed
to commerce ; the torrent is obstructed
in its mountain pass, and there is no
other channel through which it can
escape. If it cannot break away the
barrier, and force its way out thro.’ this
one, it must carry stagnation back to its
very sources ; and, with the reflux,
spread ruin and desolation over the land,
The commerce of the Gulf is thus strifck
down at a blow ; its only outlet is in the
hands of an enemy ; our nearest naval
station is at the North, a thousand miles
distant and more; his is among the
West Indies, close at hand. Not a "stitch
of canvass can leave the Gulf but by his
leave. Pittsburg and Wheeling, Cincin
nati and Louisville, now become as be
sieged cities ; the wharves of St. Louis
and Memphis, of Natchez and New Or
leans, are ns lifeless as if the enemy had
set himself down before each of these ci
ties, and chains across the river below
them. Every town and hamlet through
out the whole length and breadth of the
whole valley of the West suffers a rigid
blockade. At the North, the spindle's of
Lowellcease round ; heroperatives
are thrown out of employment, to starve
in the streets; and the twenty-five mil
lions of dollars invested in the cotton
factories of New England are sunk in the
general ruin, for their supplies from the
South are cut off. The waters of the
Mississippi no longer teem with life and
animation ; throughout their fertile
plains the hand of industry is paralyzed;
and the task of the husbandman becomes
a burden not to be borne, because the
people have lost with commerce the in
centives of trade and the rewards of
labor ; they have no market for the pro
duce of their lands; they receive no mer
chandise in exchange for their corn and
oil.
Can there be anything in the wide
scope of legislation more truly national
in all its bearings than the securing and
making sure the command of such a pas
sage as this ? In the whole range of
coast defences there is no point more im
portant than it—none half so much ex
posed. Should Congress, by an act, raze
the forts on the Mississippi, and throw
that river, from Memphis down, open to
all nations, and make its navigation free,
the commerce of the West could not be
more exposed and defenceless than it
now is, when it enters the Straits of
Florida on its way out to sea and a mar
ket. What wouid it avail, though the
West should send its produce to New
Orleans, if it could go no further? Un
less a way out of the Gulf should be
opened to it, it would be far better off on
the plantations where it is grown. The
immediate borders on one side of his ex
posed and dangerous market-path from j
the Gulf are owned by Spain and Eng- ■
land ; on the other, by the United States, j
These two nations havedflne all that can j
he done to fortify and strengthen them
selves on their side of this great com
mercial thoroughfare ; while we have
done nothing to secure a safe passage j
through it for our vessels, though we
have incomparably so much more at stake
than they.
We haVe laid great stress ttpoil the
the facility with wnich an enemy in the j
Straits of Florida might annoy the Gulf
commerce ; and we have said it might j
be entirely destroyed by a force altogeth- |
er insignificant as to its strength, and j
such as aay third or fourth-rate naval
power could, at all times command and }
send against it. Fully to appreciate the ;
helplessness of merchantmen, and to il- j
lustrate the degree of panic and conster- j
nation which an armed cruiser in search j
of prizes spreads umong them and those
who have argosies at sea, we have only
to recollect what has been done in other
times by our own men-of-war.
In 1777, Captain Wickes, in the Re
risal, with two small cruisers, made his
appearance off the coast of England.— j
They’were syled privateers. We quote
from the papers of the day—authentic
extracts from which have been kindly
furnished by a friend to show the alarm
and distress which thatsmall force spread
among English shipping and commerce,
where they hail no narrow and unpro
tected straits first to pass through, but
were under guns of their own forts and
castles, until they got out upon blue wa
ter in the open sea, and then had a thou
sand armed ships to give them convoy:
“ June 26, 1777.
“ Orders were sent to Plymouth for
two of his Majesty’s frigates to sail im
mediately on a cruise between Lisbon
aytl Madeira, as some intelligence has
lately been received that several Ameri
can privateers were cruising about that
place, and had stopped several English
ships, but, lieing in ballast, had released
them.”—Lad. Mag. July, 1777, vol. 8.
“ July 2, 1777.
“ Orders were sent to the commissior
ers of the several dock-yards for the im
mediate fitting out of several sloops-of
war, to he employed as cruisers for the
better protection of the trade.
« July 3, 1777.
“ Orders weae sent to the Governors
of Jersey and Guernsey for all the forti-
fications on the said islands to be put in
a proper state of defence.”
“July 5, 1777.
“ Dublin has been thrown into the ut
most state of consternation by the ap
pearance of the American privateers on
this coast. A stop is put to all trade.—
Not one of the linen ships that were load
ed for Chester fair are suffered to d«pnrt,
upon which account the lair must be
postponed, if any fair be held.
“The Lord Lieutenant has thought it
expedient, lest the Americans should
make any attempt upon the shipping in
, this harbor, to order cannon from the
l arsenal to form two batteries to delend the
j entrance of it,
“ No insurance can he procured, and
! linen has already fallen a penny a yard.
“They are unloading the linen ships
I with the utmost diligence, for fear of an
attempt to burn them; and the vessels
! are drawn as near as possible to the
! bridge.”—Lad. Mag. July, 1777, vol. 8.
j p. 388.
Copy of a letter from Philip Stephen
Secretary of the Admiralty, to William
Corslin, Mayor of Liverpool.
“July 11, 1777.
“ ]\ly T.ords Commissioners of the Ad
miralty having stationed the Albion (74.)
Exeter (64,) Arethusa (32,) and Ceres
(sloop-of-war,] between the Joasts of
Great Britain and Ireland, in quest of
American privateers, and for the protec
tion of trade in those parts, I am com
manded by their lordships to acquaint
you thereof,” Ac.—Lad. Mag. July, 1777,
vol. 8, p. 389-90.
“Saturday, July 12, 1777.
“ The American privateers having
made several captu res on the Scotch and
Irish the merchants and inhabitants
of Greenock and Glasgow have entered
into subscriptions for fitting out four
armed vessels for the protection of then
own trade.”—Gent. Mag. July, 1777,
vol. 47, p. 349. •
« July 14,1777. I
“ One hundred and twenty ships of the j
British navy are now in commission, viz: j
55 ships of the line, 46 frigates, and 19
sloops of war. But, in consequence of
of repeated information being sent to the
Admiralty Board of the great number of
American privateers (only three) cruis
ing in the Irish channel, contracts ard
made by Government lor several ships,
which are to befitted out as armed ships
for the better protection of the trade.”—
Lad. Mag. July, 1777, vol. 8, p. 389.
“ White Haven, July, 15, 1777.
“ During no time since the war were
the people on this coast half so much
frightened as they have been lately on
the appearance of the American priva
teers. An eau-ess went off to our I .onl
Lieutenant (oir James Lowther) of the
county of Cumberland, to call out the
militia for the defence of the coast, as
they were apprehensive that the Ameri
cans would land; to which Sir James
sent word that he would immediately
callout tho militia; and, that it might
lx? as little detrimental to the country as
possible, he would divide the time, and
fix the first fortnight now, the other after
harvest. Three companies are accord
ingly stationed here.”—Lad. Mag. July,
1777, vol. 8, p. 389.
A list of line-of-battle ships cruising in
the English channel is then given. It
shows that there were twenty-eight.
“July 17, 1777.
“ The Lords of the Admiralty have
ordered Cnpt. Burdon, of his Majesty’s
sloop Drake, to cruise between Harwich
and Goree, in the track of the packet
boats, for the protectieu of the said ves
sels, and of the trade of his Majesty’s
subjects. She sailed on tho 16tli instant
from the Downs on that service.”
“ July 21, 1777.
“ The Lords of the Admiralty have
been pleased to order two ships of war
and a sloop to cruise between the Mull
of Galloway and Cantyre.”
“July 22, 1777.
“Orders have been sent from the Ad
miralty to Portsmouth for seven frigates,
iu addition to those already sailed, to pro
ceed to the north of Ireland in search of
America* privateers that infest that
coast.”
“July 23, 1777.
“Orders have been issued for repair
ing the fortifications at Kinsnle, the Cove
ot'Cork, Waterford, Carrickfergus, and
other ports of Ireland ; and six frigates
will be stationed in St. George’s Channel
to prevent the future depredations of the
provincial privateers — Lad. Mag. July
1777, p. 359.
“July 25, 1777.
“ Orders were given from the War Of
fice for a general survey of ordnance and
military stores in the several fortresses
throughout Great Britain and Ireland.
“ July 26, 1777.
“ The Mayor and Corporation of Lon
donderry, in Ireland, have raised a sub
scription of six hundred poundsjo re
pair the fortifications of that city, and
likewise to fit out a ship-of-war of twen
ty-eight guns lor the protection of their
trade.”
“August 11, 1777.
“ Orders have been given to the artifi
cers of his Majesty’s dockyard at Dept
ford to work doubletides in building a
Dumber of small vessels, which are to
carry twenty guns each, and to cruise
against Americans in the channel.’
“August 12, 1777.
“ Press warrants are issued for lands
men at all the principal towns in Eng
land and Wales.”
“August 14, 1777.
“The number of line-of-battle ships
now on cruises round England, and ly
ing in the several ports ol Portsmouth,
Plymouth, and Chatham, amount to thir
ty-two, from sixty to ninety guns.”—
Lad. Mag. Aug. 1777, vol. 8, pp, 443-
4 5.
“London, August 25th, 1777.
“The Secretary of the Admiralty lias
written to Capt. Battorel, (the regulating
otlicer at White Haven,) informing him
that the Lords Commissioners of the Ad
miralty have directed the Navy Board to
hire a number of armed ships, capable of
carrying twenty guns at least, to be em
ployed as coasting convoys, for the pro
tection of the trade of the several great
towns of the kingdom, provided such
towns will respectively engage to raise
meu to man them.”
Newcastle, August 30, 1777.
“In consequence of a petition from
the masters and owners of ships of this
port to his Majesty, seconded by Sir Mat
thew White Ridley, Bart., one of onr
members, nil order from his Majesty in
council lias this week been received to
permit the ships in the coal-trade to take
on board guns and stores for defence in
case of an attack from an enemy.”—Lad.
Mag. Sept. 1777, vol. 8, p. 499.
The coasts of England were surround
ed with armed crifisers, and her harbors
bristled with cannon ; yet such is the
picture drawn from the papers of that
Aty, of the alarm and distress created in
tiie realm by three small armed cruisers
from America. In comparison, our Gulf
commerce is perfectly defenceless. In
stead of passing irom port at onCe out
upon the broad ocean, it must first sail
through a long and narrow channel, with
the unoccupied harbors of Key West and
the Tortugas at its very entrance, hun
dreds of miles removed from the nearest
dock-yards. With these harbors thus
situated, the enemy, at the first notes of
war, will not fail to land his guns on
them, throw up his water-batteries to de
fend them, and thus secure a position in
this stronghold, from which lie cannot
be removed, and from which he may
command the Gulf, with its floating mil
lions. Are the Southern and Western
’States content that their commerce and
coasts should continue in such a defence
less and vu I nerable state ? Are they wil
ling that they should lx? left with their
weakness to’ invite attack? If three
small vessels in the Irish sea, thousands
of miles from home, without a harbor of
refuge, or a place of rendezvous, could
stop Chester fair and the Dublin trade;
if they could destroy insurance, cause
the ships in port to bo unloaded, and lin
en to fall a penny a yard ; if they could
call out the whole English navy in pur
suit, force the Crown to hire and to buy
other ships; conqiel artificers at the
Deptford docks to work double tides in
building more ; if they could cause
press-gangs to raise the voice of woe and
lamentation in every town throughout
the kingdom; if they could alarm the
laborer in the field, and force the reaper
in the harvest to lay down his sickle; —
if a sloop, a brig, and a cuttrr, along the
distant coasts of England, and among
swarms of armed cruisers, could do ail
this, in spite of her “wooden walls,” their
strength and numbers, might not an en
emy, equally bold and daring, and with
a lew more dashing cruisers like these,
having their ports of refuge in the West
Indies, close at hand, spread as great
alarm among the people of the South,
cause their cotton to fall its penny a
pound, and create like distress among the
ships of New Orleans/ and the trade of
the Gulf?
Do the people who send to market
through the Gulf bear suliiciently in
mind the fact, that for years past they
have contributed largely of their sub
stance in building up a system of harbor
and naval defences at the North, almost
to the entire neglect of theirs own?—
They have given of their money to raise
an island up from the bottom of the sea,
and to build fortifications upon it lor the
defence of a Northern harbor : but
though Nature has formed for them her
islands at the South, and placed them in
positions a thousand times more impor
tant than tins, they have yet to receive
from Congress die iirst dollar for fortify
ing these out|K)sts. W hat is 1 .ong Island
Sound, the Delaware, or the Chesapeake
Bay, or all together, in comparison to tho
Gulf of Mexico ? Millions iqx>n millions
have been voted and squandered and ex
pended in protecting them ; but what
for Gulf deteuces? Comparatively no
thing. And yet there is no country in
the world whose natural advantages are
comparable to those of tho Mississippi
valley for naval means and warlike re
sources. Half the naval strength that
now lies dormant and neglected in that
valley, could not be put forth by any oth
er nation tor ten times the sum that
would call this out. With proper naval
establishments erected now on the banks
of the Mississippi river; with the ne«es
sary workshops and munitions of war
! NO. 31.
provided beforehand; with a fit place of
rendezvous at Key West or the Tortu
?as —the West, with a few months’ no
tice, could send down to the Gulf of
Mexico a fleet of war steamers such ns
the world never saw ; they would crown
our weak points with strength, make her
queen of the Gulf, and this country per
fect mistress of the adjacent sea. On the
Western waters everything that is requi
red for building or equipping, arming,
manning, and subsisting a navy, is to be
found in great abundance of the best
quality at the cheapest rates; coal at $4
the ton, hills full of iron, fields smiling
with plenty, and forests of the finest tim
ber which may be felled and fashioned,
almost where it falls, into the stoutest
vessels of war; tiie streams are alive with
boats which contain engines, men, and
machinery, that, with a moment’s warn
ing, would lx? at their country’s service,
ready in any numbers to lie transferred
from the frail river-craft to the green but
stronger hulls just from the forest. Con
gress lias but to will the dock-yard or
Memphis into being, and at the echo
along the Western rivers of the first
notes of war sounded in its halls, hosts
of armed steamers like Khoderic Dhu’s
men, would come from every glade and
valley ot the West, full rigged and equip
ped for battle. With such resources; and
the means provided for bringing them
into play, no enemy would dare to enter
the Gulf.
Are the people of the Mississippi val
ley, of the Gulf, and South Atlantic
States, aware that they have lent their
aid in fortifying the coast l'roin Norfolk
up, at the average rate of a gun for eve
ry three hundred and eighty yards,
while their own Gulf and sea coasts can
count, on an average, but one gun in ten
times that distance ? Are these people
heedless of the necessary preparations
for defence now, because they prefer,
when the evils of war do come, to imi
tate the colliers of Newcastle, the mer
chants and people of Greenock and
Glasgow? Will they pray Congress
for leave to arm their “ broad horns,” or
their cotton ships?—which? The one
will be as abld to defend and to give pro
tection as the other. Or, do they con
timle to listen to the yearly cry of give !
give ! for preparing and making ready
at the East, for building and fortifying at
the North, because, when defences are
wanted at the South, they can be made
of cotton-bags? Their cotton-bags they
will have to defend; and all the ships!
that they can build, all the cotton-traders
and colliers that they can arm, will be of
no avail, their cotton hags of no use, un
less the Dry Tortugas be occupied as a
military and naval staiion beforehand^ —
These islands must be fortified. Unless
they be fortified, and unless also a dock
yard he established on the Mississippi,
there can lie no safety in war for the
commerce of the West, neither can pro
teafcou be given to the liade from the
South.
Who but the Southern and Wfosterq
people should defend their own firesides ?
Therefore, into their hands should the
defences ot the Gulf he committed.—•
The navy that is kept there should be
taught to look upon those regions as its
home ; they are now as a foreign station
to otir ships iu the Gulf. When one of
them ends her cruise in the Gulf, she
goes to the North to be laid up; her men
are taken to the North, there to lx? paid
oil and discharged. If anything is want
ing for her, they send to tile North for it.
it she m;et with any Accident, or sustain
any injury, site goes straight there to
have it examined and repaired. There
the ship, her officers, anu her crew, are
all sent to spend their money, and they
consider it their home. With a dock
yard at Memphis lor steamers, their sup
plies and their crews should be all drawn
iiom the river towns. When the ves
sels are to be repaired or laid up and dis
charged, they should lie sent there.—
There they should he manned and paid
oil'. Thar, and not the North, should be
their home.
"There were 17,063,353 inhabitants.
t Commerce. —Up to the 1 ltli of June
last, there had arrived at Now Orleans
1,065,(MX) bales of cotton ; 67,400 hhds.
of tobacco, which was still arriving free
ly ; 284,100 kegs, 202,450 bbls., and 1,-
442 hhds. of lard, liesides 920 bbls. of
lard oil; 196,000 barrels, 2,400 hhds.,
and 6,8.06,000 pounds, in hulks, of pork;
105,000 barrels and sacks of wheat; 461,-
500 barrels of flour; and 424,000 pigs
of lead ; besides other articles, such as
bacon, corn, meal, sugar beef, copper,
lumber, whiskey, hemp, bagging, rope,
live stock, Ac.
t The value of the cotton crop of 1841;
though not so large, by several hundred
thousand bales as that of 1842, (the one
we have been considering,) was estimat
ed bv the Commissioner of Patents $62,-
000,000.
§ 'Phe lead exported from New Orleans
alone, in the season of 1841-’42, was
447,000 pigs 4 which by the price cur
rent of the day, quoted at $2 20 the pig ;
thus giving another million for this item.
[to be continued ]
An abridgement of Allison’s History of
Europe has been published in N. Y.