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IS
THE FEDERAL UNION.
JOHN G. POLHIIX, EDITOR.
MIL.LEDGEVILLE, GEORGIA, SATURDAF, AUGUST
3Tf
SI, 1830,
VOLUME 1, NUMBER 7,
f
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MILLEDGEVILLE
MASONIC KILL
LOmiHY.
On Thursday, ike 4th day of November next,
r, E T,'IRL> DAI’S DliiWING wiil positively
take place—at which time, the Wheel tvil! be in
situation, as for holders of Ticket? to reasonably
T
such
[The following Address was not submitted to the public
eye until after the request, and solicitation ofniiny Med
ical friends. The circumstances of its delivery required
a rapid evolution and progress of the ideas of the Mtbjefct,
w ; ich is vast, but it i?pipped that order and clearness have
been preserved.) ' - T
I>R. GORMAN S ADDRESS,
Before the Medical faculty uiu■ Society of Phil
adelphia. being an enquiry into the Philoso
phy or Nature and Relations of Life,
xei-ih the view to appreciate and discriminate
betu'eni the laws purely physical, and the vi
tal laws, in the phenomina of organization;
and to determinate the Nature of Disease,
of Therapeutical Agents, &c.
Gentlemen—W hen Philosophy was young
shewas adventurous as enterprising She saw
not then the dilli. ulties, which were to ob
struct amt impede the progress of her matu-
rer age. Fascinating from the variegation of
ifs beauty, the unfrod field of thought lay be
fore her, ever which she hastened with foot
steps light and airy, and completed the screw-
ti/ication of the world in her systems of cos
mology and thoogeny. Inspiration bursied
from sacred fountains or poured from the sum
mits of Olympus; the forms of nature rolled
forth to being from primeval light in the num
bers oft he Tracian Harp, and the music of the
wandering stars first lull upon the listening ear
of mortals.
Since that day Philosophy has shifted the
Theatre ot her operations, and claimed for her
domain the humbler limits of observation and
reflection. Her first ambition, os we have
said, was to explain and deveiope the manner
in which things were formed—the operations
of the invijulde powers, which reared up to be
ing the eddied of nnturd. Hut these systems
have now long ceased to bft studied, become
obsolete, and like the generations of men have
found a tomb, a tomb round which still glows i
their knowledge at soother, ft is evident there
could be no knowledge, that science would be
itnnrogressible, amilhatthan would be unintel
ligible to man How far different is true* Io jiII the hypotheses ever offered to the world for
languages long extinct we can behold the just
ness and beauty of thought, and feel that they
emanated from beings^ identical with our
selves. We can find'uTour oyvn bosoms 'the
explanation of Ipbegenia’s sorrows, can under
stand the tender anxieties of Anthony and C!e-
opatria, Abelard and Eloisa, and explore the
cause, which kindled the flames ofthat war, in
which Ilion with the glory of Priam fell.
Our loves, our hatreds, griefs, joys, sorrows,
appetites, em'otions, belong not to us, but to
the species. The same may be said of form,
extension, gravitation, inertia—they belong
to alt bodies—lo body in general. The se
parate organs of animals and vegetables, with
all their properties, stand each in the same re
lation to their species: all are of the constitu-
colt of study In confirmation of the fact, the
science, to \vhose donut in they belong, meta
physics, is but another name for obscurity, and
their explanation, are little else than the de
lusioi* and confusion of thought, arranged
into system, reflecting the imago of reason, but
nut of truth.
On the score rf value, they seem to stand
at the summit of all physical excellence, since
the being, who possesses them in the highest
degree, we are assured, has received the stamp
of'the Creator’s image, by which seal he is to
be emphatically distinguished from all kindred
being, and known peculiarly as the Almighty’s.
The human mind then is the highest and roost
exquisitely elaborated of all created entities, is
the point—the commou centre, in which the
conatuscs or movements of the corporeal uni
verse, meet'the movements"oF life, and upheld
and sustained by the excitements of the latter,
tion of nature; and likelier indestructibly per- it reacts upon the stimulations of the former,
severe in existence.
If then the spheroidal forms of matter, that
continually pterv the abyss of spac*:*, which
know no change of form, have preserved their
constitutional properties entire in the progress
which is thought; rangesfetierlessly thedomin
ions of nature, examines things unrevealed to
the senses, lifts itself up higher, treads the
world of primeval, uncreated beauty; arid col
lects and embodies the awful image of God.
of existence 1 hey have made, life and rnind • Furthermore, when it was falling beneath its
have preserved theirs with no less integrity,! high destiny, miscarrying its being’s aim, its
while the streams of existence have been pour-! great interests called down personally toils
calculate on some respectable prizes. A nobler chance j a hallowed light—the sublimity und beatlt7 of
for a fortune, in the way of Littery, was never present
ed to the public. All who may feel disposed to purchase
Tickets, would act wisely, lo buy, in the Millet'gcvU’e
•Masonic Hell Lottery before the next drawing. Thi? Lot
tery is a! home, and though you should be unfortunate,
there is still the advantage that the money will he in cir-
cul ition amongst us, and added to this, the chance is cer
tainly very good to realize tec or fifty limes the amount
expended for Tickets. Op examination of the different
drawings, it will be sccu that th« small prizes are very
much diminished, leaving in the Wheel nearly all of the
valuable ones—It will also be recollected, that th* prizes
under two hundred c’ jilan, were deposi'ed in the wheel
at the commencement of the drawing, and that there are
vet to be deposited, prizes from two hundred up lo
30,003 DOLL AES!
which certainly holds out the strongest inducement to pur-
*- hasers.
•it the next Drawing the following Splendid Pri
zes will be floating:
1
PRIME
OF
1
PRIZE
OF
$500-
1
do
44
10,02)0
1
do
44
500
1
do
U
5.000
1
do
4k
400
2
do
(•'
1-000
l
do
ti
400
1
<h>
<S
1,000
1
do
(4
400
1
do
»»
.000
*
A
do
44
300
1
do
ti
000
I
do
M
300
l
do
800
l
do
ti
300
}.
do
li
800
1
do
(4
2O0
1
do
(4
800
1
do
f 4
200
1
do
44
700
19
do
44
100
1
do
44
GOO
37
da
Cl
50
l
do
44
500
besides 20
s a«d lO’s.
/
«
to the
mention.
FRIGE OF TICKETS.
Wholes $iO—Halves $5—Quarters $2 50.
p" ORDERS addressed to Wyatt Foard, Secretary
ComiRiisiotiers, postpaid, will mad with prompt
Milb-d-'cville, July 17
WIT ATT FOARD,
SccreUirti to Hit >.ominissioners.
COURT, XT OTARI Alt, & TSSSTTIiR
S&AJU3,
I ^NGRAVED tiY J. FOGLE
~J at the subscribers Jeeoellry
Stun, who would respectfully in
form the public that he bas con
stantly on hand, u. general assort
ment of
Watches, Jnudity, Plate,
Cutlery, tMHUary Goods, §c. fyc.
Clocks, Watches, Musical Boxes, Jewellry, and Plate
neatly repaired. L. PERKINS.
Milledtevillc, Aug. 7 5 3t
FACTORAGE
J1XD
GOKWSSSICn B’JSSSISS.
ApHE undersigned gratefully acknowledge the liberal
JL patronage with which they have been favored in tb"
above ant! respectfully inform the public that they
continue its transaction in the City, and that tiu ir faith
ful and undivided attention will be devoted to the busi
ness of their patrons.
Liberal Cash advances may be expected on Produce,
6i.c. in Store, when desired.
STOVALL a SIMMONS.
Augusta, Aug. 7, IP30 5 12t
S7S0LT AO&22K7.
rflHK Trustees of the Byron, Baker county, Academy,
JL have tile pleasure to announce to the public, that
the Academy for said county is row ready for the recep
tion of a RECTOR and TUTORESS to take charge of
the same. Persons wishing to tfcke charge nfan Institu
tion arc r quested to send sealed propostds to .‘lie Chair
man or Secretary of the Board cf Trot'ocs. oil of before^
the Third Saturday in August next. It will he exp cttdj huge, fbc fruils, the meats, the drinks, the ali
il,e ments, that living creatures delight in at this
thought, which still darts its beams forward
through Iho mist of time, ami invites the anti
quarian oflettprs to contemplate its beautiful
hut mournful ruins.
Emphatically, the aim and ambition of mod
ern philosophy is the realization to the fullest
extent of divine revelation—that man was
formed for thesceplre of this lower world; to
which he can only attain by gaining sovereign
ty over nature, by triumphing over her laws,
and subjecting them to the gratification of his
appetites and promotion cf his pleasure.
It is difficult to say which science is the
most ambitious, the ancient or the modern,
but, not the most lofty or the most useful —
The one teaches how things were made, the
other, how man is to control their laws in <be-
ilinnce to his will. The ancients completed
their science: it occupied the realms of Fan
cy, proved useless to posterity and was drop
ped and miscarried by time. .Will our science
of which we boast, ever experience the like
vicissitude'? Far front being completed, we
feel that it is only commenced—that though
we have prettyiuccessfully won the day in ma
ny hard contests, nature is still tenacious and
jealous of her rights. Her tented fields are
still spread out before us; und in many of her
dominions the sword of philosophy has not
been unsheathed, while in others it has been
compelled to yisld before her superior prow
ess.
In no instance is the imperfection of knowl
edge more manifest than in 'hesubject before
us. The physiology of nature is not the phys
iology man as yet has been able to record.—
(As under the ancient dynasty of philosophy
we see Ilygenia still go in her weeds, and cur
race sink to the tomb at every epoch of exis
tence. Immortal youth and beauty which (hi?
philosophy deified, stiii have otflyn theoretical
existence, and ardently desirable as they arc,
the slightest perpetuation of them has as yet
proved impracticable.
The same objects—the same universe, which
presented itself to the contemplation and re
“parch of the first men, after the lapse of so
main’ ages, wo have every reason to believe,
has reached us without any change or altera
tion. The wandering fires of Orpheus and
!Iosod, we see still hold their course in our
Heavens; and the waves in Hunter’s song
which dashed upon Tenedos and the Lesbian
sb'-re are still roaring and dashing.
Not only the great forms of matter, but the
constitutions of life and intellect, which, to
keep pace with time, are subjected to two
mighty revolutions—decay and reproduction,
appear likewise to have been transmitted for
ward without the loss or acquisition of any
new properties. Nature, it would seem, has
been most faithful and punctilious .*.o hi r
charge, and in the innumerable myriads she
has been continually summoning to the ranks
of existence from formlessness, she has not ah
lowed of any variation io circumstances even
the most minute and unessential. The notch
es now op the leaves of trees, were the notch
es of a!! preceding generations, the organs and
tissues of our body, wcie the organs and tis
sues of a!! preceding men; the grass, the her-
that persona aukiag application fur the m ile or few
department as professors, will please send what Uieir
terms will be and wlial liiey will teach. Application, post
paid, will bcilulv attended to by
THOMAS POUTER, CUrfrman b. b. c. a.
Robert Hardee, Secret try.
./wlv 27. 18 U1 5 3*
NOTICE!.
T HE Justices of tl»c Inferior Court of Gwinnett coun
ty, Ga. have appropriated $4000 for the purpose of
BUILDING a
Brick or Stone Jail,
in said county—to consist of not less than five apartments
i'or prisoners'. Sealed Proposals will be received for
building the same until the first day of October next. The
-proposals will embrace plan and price, and be addressed
to William Maltbie. JJsq. Clerk of said Court.
JOHN BREWSTER, J. i. c.
J. WARDLWV. j. i. c.
CLIFFORD WOODROOF, J. J. c.
ASAHML R. SMITH, /. I. c.
Tuqe 2S 234 !*’•
day, were tlie meats, the drinks, Lc. which
each FDccicp severally have always delighted
in from fheir formation.
To dt-velope nnd elevate our conceptions
to the fulf grandeur and sublimity of our sub
ject, let us run a parallel between the general
condition and relation of beings.
What then it the inference? Thsit all be
ings—planets, suns, animals, plants, minerals,
nay the amorphoas elements themselves have
stamped upon them a modality of existence,
which is inseparable from them, by efficacy or
virtue of which, !hey mutually maintain to
ward oneanother the same relations, exert the
«nme influences, which they have continued to
do from their formation; and that in this ori
ginate the order, harmony, and beauty ofna
rure. Were it otherwise, and did the knowl
edge cf things atone time oot harmonize with
ing to them through an ever varying series of
forms—forms destroyed by death, and revived
from generation.
Suppose the converse to be true; that the
beings of nature could alter and change their
properties, modify the type of their modality;
for instance, that our planet could loose part
of her substance, does it not follow, since all
bodies gravitate directly a? the quantity of
matter, and inversely as the squares of the dis
tance, that she must alter her course round the
suo, and that all the bodies cf her system must
change their relative place? Were the natu
ral appetites ot animals changed, could the Lion
gather 4* digest the herbage of the field? The
Gramenivor.1 become beasts of prey? Apian
et wanders from its course, its whole system
feels the influence and undergoes change. An
animal aberrates in its properties, it can no lon
ger be sustained, its being fails, smd the arch
of life breaking in, ruia spreads along its
course.
Ail nature is a unit, all her existences, but
one grand individual—all mutually depend up
on oneanother—all support and are support
ed—impel and are impelled to existence; and
the philosophy of life, of anatom, becomes
emphatically the philosophy of the universe.
The relations and conditions of physical be
ings are extremely precise and definitive; ad
mit the slightest alteration, and they can neith
er yield nor receive support; and nature will
be unable to progress their existence. The
place, then, any being occupies is not acciden
tal or indifferent to it. whether you place it in
its own system or in that ot another, but is as
independent and essential as is its peculiar mo
dality.
1st. In its own system: Give Jupiter Mercu
rv’s orbit, and Mercury, the orbit of Jupiter;
anti, accordingly to the revelations of celestial
dynamics, neither could move in their changed
spheres. Elevate the swimmer of the floods
to the aerial ocean above, nnd depress the
feathered wanderer of that element to live in
the wave, and their being miscarries. Con
ceive of mind as separated from the action and
influence of organization, and of hie as isolated
from those of mind, and all their physical ef
forts must forever cease 2d. In other sys
tems: Imagine life in the place of a body to
excite the gravitation of another, it is evident
all movement must be discontinued in that bo
dy, since action and reaction could not he re
ciprocal, and so of ali other classes of existence.
It is therefore evident that the properties
or modality any being ntay possess determine
the place it is to occupy to act its part in the
great mechanism of the universe: and its pro
gress in time, is made to depend upon the fix
edness and indestructibility of those properties.
These are two immutable conditions, the place
and fixedness of the properties, to which all
natural existence is subjected, account why
they have sailed along the Ocean of Time un-
Wasted and unhurt, and constitute their pecu
liar nature as distinct from their great Origina
tor.
Wer6 they themselves the fountains of (heir
own actions, all times and all places among
their fellows would be the same to them, and
could not in the least affect or interfere with
their being. Hut their condition, as has been
shown, is far different, devoid of all self-origin
ating power, they simply receive and trans
mit forward a motion or an energy whose foun<
tain is high above them all. We attribute the
world’s origin to a primeval intelligent or in
tellectual nature, which is supposed to contin
ually impress it, causing it to effect the varied
phenomena ol existence. This entiferous im
pression or power, whatever it may be called,
appears first to strike and penetrate the celes
tial apparatus, which plays in space, and thence
radiates to the two other orders of being, or
at least to the two other orders with which our
planet is garnished In other words, the reac
tion of body upon this power, or the transmit
ted action, for any thingwe can know to Ihe
contrary, is gravitation, extension, v:s inertia:,
in fine, all the^pbenomena peculiar to body.—
The action of these again upon life, causes life
to respond in action, which is organization, cir
culation, secretion, exhalation-—the complete
phenomena of life; and these again and lastly
combining with the movements of the first, act
upon mind, and its respondence or reaction, is
sensation, perception, ideation—the phenome
na of intcH.ct.
This order and dependence will more fully
and strikingly appear hereafter.
These last movements coming from the
double action of life and body, are the most
complex in their relations of all, cost nature as
we may say, more labor to produce them, ami
terrestrial abode its august founder, to correct
ils aberrations, which give it, in a religious point
of view, a still mure striking distinction, and ce
lebrity among its fellow-existences.
Mind, we may say 19 nature curving back to
meet her creator; her other extremity is the
system of body, while the system of life occu
pies the midway space, or space between them,
of which more hereafter.
If you examine any being of nature, you will
find it full of inexhaustible energy; this ener
gy continually expending itself in giving V rise
to a certain series of actions or phenomena.—
This series never changes. We may conceive
of nature as ministerially presiding over the af
fairs and concerns of the universe, as having
an endless variety of offices to be filled, and as j ty or the immediate antecedent of this phe
ward in lime, imparting to all the forms of na.
lure an eternal beauty and ireshness, appear la
stand respectively in the same relation totho
three classes of beings, to which they severally
belong, and constitute the active life of each.
That is: What gravita?ion, tbe exertion ol ex
tension, of vis inertias, Sic are to the stars to
ali bodies, constituting their aciivc life; orga
nization and its modifications, secretic n and
absorption-or nutritive.imbibition and ellimina-
• ion are to life constituting its active, mun
dane existence. The saute are sensation, per
ception, and ideation to mind, giving rise to
the active being it enjoys.
So far we ha\’e brought forward tits consi
deration of physics in general, have sketched
out the mighty relations ofthings, for the pur
pose ol exhibiting, distinctly, as wfc could, the
peculiar relations and conditions, fo which life
is subjected, in the great dramatic system of
nature. I* remains for us to set forth, in as
clear and definitive outline, as the subject at.-d
our limits admit, the domain of physiology, and
the peculiar part, which life acts in the slu
pendous mechanism of the universe.
We have been enabled to trace out and see
a direct and dependent connection or relation
between ideas, vital pheoomina, and corpuscu
lar and planetary movements; things apparent-
lp infinitely dissimilar in themselves—hut we
have been unable to see or even to conjecture
in what this connection or relation consuls.—
The facts are only presented to us. That up
on which they depend, ranges unfathomabJy
beyond the mind’s utmost conception.
It is the phenomena, the appearance of
things only which have been permitted to
mortals to study. It is they, l may say, that
constitute the nutritive parenchyma to science,
for, ot them only, the mind can enjoy sensa
tion—ideas. All beyond them are induction
and conjecture.
A muscular fibre contracts: this is a phe
nomenon, which stimulates or moves to oph
thalmic and tactile sensation, and of which I.
can enjoy a distinct perception Contracfili-
accordiagly have always been the roost diffi-
many purposes or objects to be accomplished
by these offices. To each one of her house
hold she allots a certain office, and an occupa
tion attached to that office, which is to sub
serve the atchiev r ement of a definitive end: by
her command, each respectively took its of
fice and began its occupation at the beginning
of things, and will undeviatingly be persevered
in by each, till the end of lime. Such is the
operative universe. Let us make the exami
nation.
The astnal forms exert the properties of
extension, gravitation, <$’C. in their spheroidal
courses, which they have always done, and we
believe will ever continue to do. Life exer
cises a formative influence upon surrounding
bodies—organizes them, and, by a variety of
efforts, such as circulation, secretion, absorp
tion, Sec keeps them in perpetual motion-—and
by the power of generation darts forward, and
the same series of effects or phenomena every
where designate and mark oat its whole course
through time Mind, efforts, sensation, per
ception, volition, ideation—these are the phy
sical acts oj mind, or the uses of nature, which
characterize it, and will ever constitute it iden
tical with itself. The very phenomena, bodies
are now effecting, tissue bach, and connect
them with the world’s newness, life has ever
been the organizer: and a stream of thought
and feeling shoot over the tomb of lost gene
rations to connect what is at this moment
transpiring in our minds, with the first great
fathers of mankind
The universe, then, presents itself to our
contemplation as constitated of three great
sor!- or classes of existences—body, life, and
mind each of which exhibit properties and
phenomena peculiar to themselves—all, in the
order, I have mentioned them, connected to
gether rn causation, andLhough we cannot see
the link, that unites (hem, yet we are sure, that
; t exists. A planet gravitates—life organizes,
mind thinks; phenomena apparently how in-
depently, and widely separated, yet in their na
ture's being, how closely and indissolubly ap
proximated! The two last only CDjoy exis
tence, because the first does so.
Nature is but one great dynamical system,
each part formed for each part; so that move
menfs commenced, radiate through all; and
as they penetrate each order of being, gi#c
rise to the phenomena peculiar to that order.
We see a nervous system lo life, the instrument
through which all the organs radiate and re
ciprocnte movements. But in what consists
that nervous system, which sweeps through the
starry forms—casts its invisible fetters round
all, along which action ever plays down through
the provinces of existence—radiates—is re
dacted back—and limited only by the limits of
what it!
The phenomena, then, of any being is essen
tially const it »ted df the reaction of that being
upon the movements of the one next in ap
proximation. We may consider the proper
ties of bodies as the offspring pf efforts or
movements; for these properties are the ac
tive states of bodies, and these efforts whether
they impel a planet round its orbit, or the at
oms of chemical bodies through the endless re
volution of their forms, their influence stops
not at the production of these corporeal phe
nomena, but penetrates the domain of life,
meets with reaction (here, and gives rise to the
vital phenomena. This same influence, still di
lating, next feels the resistance or energies of
mind, and again sustains a reaction or modifi
cation. which is the inrellectual phenomena.
We see then the operations of intellect, Ihe
movemnuts of life, and the gravitations of bo
dy, stand in immediate relation with one anotn-
er, the relation severally of antecedence and
sequence, but of the nature of this relation, or
in what it consists, as I have sard, we can
know nothing.
The three sorts of tonaluses or movements,
which I have mentioned, the regular order and
succession of which progress the apiverse for
nomenon, excites no sensation; and but for the
contraction or phenomenon itself, tl never had
been thought of. Ifs existence then is not
known in the same way that the contraction
is; but is an induction, which the mirjd makes
—is compelled to make simply to fill u > the
reasonableness of things. But this contractil--
ity is intimately associated with phenomena
other than those, to which it itself gives rise.
To get rid of this difficulty, the nund infers
something else, a common antecedent to both
—life, which is the induction of an induction.
And here all further inference on the part of'
the mind is superceded, since it can ascribe
all the separate phenomena of a being, of
which its senses give it notice to a commou
antecedent or cause, which effects these phe
nomena through the agency of its true inber- -
ent properties, contractility and sensibility the-
latter of which, however, Braussais, whose*
name is growing powerful, is inclined to drop.
I will just remark here, that all the sciences*
of natural beings are precisely in the same pre
dicament with physiology. Philosophers re
fer all the movements ol matter to gravity, af
finity, or extension, which are inference’s cf
the mind, and their axioms are nothing more
than the convergence, in which the general,
relations of things meet or harmonise.—But
the superstructures, which may be reared up-'
on them, are immense. Tha eight or ten axi
oms of Euclid’s science occupy narrow space,
but how towering and magnificent, the fabric
raised upon them!
Since the phenomena of beings reallr consti
tute all that the mind can see or discover
through the senses, had it conceived of the
phenomena of an animal, as simply appertain
ing to, and constituting that animal, without
any reference to some remote principle cr prin
ciples, concealed in its mass, and all the phe
nomena of body, as constituting body, then
such expressions as hie, gravity, the. had Lever
bad existence; and the words in every human
tongue, had been verbs and nouns lurn-euof
verbs, which a very learned philologist assures
us to have been the case, previously to the age
when phdosopliization commenced. '
Life, then, if I rightly understand the physi
ological nomenclature, means the remote physi
cal cause oflhe animal phenomenon; sensibili
ty aDd contractility, the proximate, constitu
ting two stadia, beyond the fiel.r and revela
tion of the senses, over which the modern man
hoodof philosophy has marched, with stately
gravity, yet good decorum. We, however,
have' bo right to laugh at (he simplicity of
•ur forefathers, who vtere content with
what they savv and felt, since we can see no
more; but imagine we see more by the misti
ness of language. They, indeed, might turn
the joke upon us, for our credulity, in fancying
we can feel the way in the dark, which can on
ly be traced out, and followed by the light.
Contractility 4* sensibility, we may consider
as nothing distinct from life, itself, but simply
two modes in which it acts, that divide between
them the empire of the animal. They are the
properties, of which life is the essence; and of
the essence of all beings, we are equally igno
rant. There arc some, who consider the to
tality of the functions but another name for
life, making its ssence merely nominal. and
its idea, complex. While there are others,
who imagine it to be a real material essence’
as the names, “calidumfacieris,” “materia vi-
tcc, 4'C. import. Cull* u conceived k to £e
part material, part spiritual.
The difficulty on this point, which divides
anrkperplexcs physiologists, appears to me ex
actly of the same nature, as that, which divid
ed the Cartesians from the deserptes of Re*d;
the whole of which turns upon (his one point,
namely, whether it be things themselves, we
perceive, or only their simulacra or images.—*
Jf we make life a generic term, in which is Con
tained ail the individual ideas, appertaining to
animal existence; then it will be synonimoua
with (hese ideas collectively; and when tut*